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Turkez H, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Baba C, Saracoglu MM, Yıldız E, Tatar A, Mardinoglu A. Boric Acid and Borax Protect Human Lymphocytes from Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04060-4. [PMID: 38216793 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a member of the group of pollutants known as chloropropanols and is considered a genotoxic carcinogen. Due to the occurrence of 3-MCPD, which cannot be avoided in multiplexed food processes, it is necessary to explore novel agents to reduce or prevent the toxicity of 3-MCPD. Many recent studies on boron compounds reveal their superior biological roles such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antigenotoxic properties. In the current investigation, we have evaluated in vitro cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic damage potential of 3-MCPD on human whole blood cultures and the alleviating effect of boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) for 72 h. In our in vitro experiments, we have treated blood cells with BA and BX (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L) and 3-MCPD (at IC50 of 11.12 mg/l) for 72 h to determine the cytotoxic damage potential by using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Oxidative damage was assessed using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Genotoxicity evaluations were performed using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assays. The result of our experiments showed that the 3-MCPD compound induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in a clear concentration-dependent manner. BA and BX reduced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity induced by 3-MCPD. In conclusion, BA and BX are safe and non-genotoxic under the in vitro conditions and can alleviate cytotoxic, oxidative, and genetic damage induced by 3-MCPD in the human blood cells. Our findings suggest that dietary boron supplements may offer a novel strategy for mitigating hematotoxicity induced by xenobiotics, including 3-MCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cem Baba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Melik Saracoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Edanur Yıldız
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Paties Montagner G, Dominici S, Piaggi S, Pompella A, Corti A. Redox Mechanisms Underlying the Cytostatic Effects of Boric Acid on Cancer Cells-An Issue Still Open. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1302. [PMID: 37372032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Boric acid (BA) is the dominant form of boron in plasma, playing a role in different physiological mechanisms such as cell replication. Toxic effects have been reported, both for high doses of boron and its deficiency. Contrasting results were, however, reported about the cytotoxicity of pharmacological BA concentrations on cancer cells. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the main findings in the field ranging from the proposed mechanisms of BA uptake and actions to its effects on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paties Montagner
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Dominici
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Piaggi
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Aydin N, Turkez H, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Yavuz M, Sonmez E, Ozpolat OF, Cacciatore I, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Ameliorative Effects by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles against Beta Amyloid Induced Neurotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12152690. [PMID: 35957121 PMCID: PMC9370266 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered as the most common neurodegenerative disease. Extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition is a hallmark of AD. The options based on degradation and clearance of Aβ are preferred as promising therapeutic strategies for AD. Interestingly, recent findings indicate that boron nanoparticles not only act as a carrier but also play key roles in mediating biological effects. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0−500 mg/L) of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBN-NPs) against neurotoxicity by beta amyloid (Aβ1-42) in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell cultures for the first time. The synthesized hBN-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity and therapeutic potential by hBN-NPs were assessed on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells using MTT and LDH release assays. Levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS), expression levels of genes associated with AD and cellular morphologies were examined. The exposure to Aβ1-42 significantly decreased the rates of viable cells which was accompanied by elevated TOS level. Aβ1-42 induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Aβ exposure led to significant increases in expression levels of APOE, BACE 1, EGFR, NCTSN and TNF-α genes and significant decreases in expression levels of ADAM 10, APH1A, BDNF, PSEN1 and PSENEN genes (p < 0.05). All the Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxic insults were inhibited by the applications with hBN-NPs. hBN-NPs also suppressed the remarkable elevation in the signal for Aβ following exposure to Aβ1-42 for 48 h. Our results indicated that hBN-NPs could significantly prevent the neurotoxic damages by Aβ. Thus, hBN-NPs could be a novel and promising anti-AD agent for effective drug development, bio-nano imaging or drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursah Aydin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yavuz
- REEM Neuropsychiatry Clinics, İstanbul 34245, Turkey
| | - Erdal Sonmez
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Department of Physics, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Fırat Ozpolat
- Computer Sciences Research and Application Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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3-Pyridinylboronic Acid Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress Through Nrf2 Target Genes in Zebrafish Embryos. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1553-1564. [PMID: 35142995 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases and research on potential therapeutic agents for PD continues. Rotenone is a neurotoxin that can pass the blood-brain barrier and is used to generate PD models in experimental animals. Boron is a microelement necessary for neural activity in the brain. Antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, anti-genotoxic, anti-carcinogenic effects of boric acid, the salt compound of boron has been reported before. Boronic acids have been approved for treatment by FDA and are included in drug discovery studies and pyridine boronic acids are a subclass of heterocyclic boronic acids used in drug design and discovery as substituted pyridines based on crystal engineering principles. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of 3-pyridinylboronic acid in rotenone-exposed zebrafish embryos, focusing on oxidant-antioxidant parameters and gene expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes gclm, gclc, hmox1a, nqo1, and PD related genes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dj1, and tnfα. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to Rotenone (10 μg/l); Low Dose 3-Pyridinylboronic acid (100 μM); High Dose 3-Pyridinylboronic acid (200 μM); Rotenone + Low Dose-3-Pyridinylboronic acid (10 μg/l + 100 μM); Rotenone + High Dose-3-Pyridinylboronic acid (10 μg/l + 200 μM) in well plates for 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Our study showed for the first time that 3-pyridinylboronic acid, as a novel sub-class of the heterocyclic boronic acid compound, improved locomotor activities, ameliorated oxidant-antioxidant status by decreasing LPO and NO levels, and normalized the expressions of bdnf, dj1, tnf⍺ and Nrf2 target genes hmox1a and nqo1 in rotenone exposed zebrafish embryos. On the other hand, it caused the deterioration of the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the control group through increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide levels, and decreased antioxidant enzymes. We believe that these results should be interpreted in the context of the dose-toxicity and benefit-harm relationship of the effects of 3-pyridinylboronic.
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Singh S, Kumar V, Datta S, Dhanjal DS, Singh S, Kumar S, Kapoor D, Prasad R, Singh J. Physiological responses, tolerance, and remediation strategies in plants exposed to metalloids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40233-40248. [PMID: 32748354 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids are a subset of particular concern to risk assessors and toxicologists because of their well-documented potential hazards to plant system. Most of the metalloids are major environmental contaminants which affect crop productivity when present in high concentrations in soil. Metalloids are coupled with carrier proteins of the plasma membrane and translocated to various organs causing changes in key metabolic processes, damages cell biomolecules, and finally inhibit its growth. Phytoremediation-based approaches help in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanisms for prerequisite recombinant genetic approaches. Recent advancements in proteomics and plant genomics help in understanding the role of transcription factors, metabolites, and genes in plant system which confers metal tolerance. The present review summarizes our current status of knowledge in this direction related to various physiological responses, detoxification mechanisms, and remediation strategies of metalloids in crop plants in relation to plant-metalloid tolerance. Further, the role of various transcription factors and miRNAs in conferring metal tolerance is also briefed. Hence, the present review mainly focused on the alterations in the physiological activities of plants due to metalloid toxicity and the various mechanisms which get activated inside the plants to mitigate their toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160059, India
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Satyender Singh
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase-V, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160059, India
- RAWTL, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, Phase-II, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160054, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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Turkez H, Arslan ME, Tatar A, Mardinoglu A. Promising potential of boron compounds against Glioblastoma: In Vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer studies. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105137. [PMID: 34293392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant astrocytoma correlated with poor patient survival. There are no curative treatments for GB, and it becomes resistant to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Resistance in GB cells is closely related to their states of redox imbalance, and the role of reactive oxygen species and its impact on cancer cell survival is still far from elucidation. Boron-containing compounds, especially boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) exhibited interesting biological effects involving antibacterial, antiviral, anti-cancerogenic, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory as well as anti-oxidative features. Recent studies indicated that certain boron compounds could be cytotoxic on human GB. Nevertheless, there is gap of knowledge in the literature on exploring the underlying mechanisms of anti-GB action by boron compounds. Here, we identified and compared the potential anti-GB effect of both BA and BX, and revealed their underlying anti-GB mechanism. We performed cell viability, oxidative alterations, oxidative DNA damage potential assays, and explored the inflammatory responses and gene expression changes by real-time PCR using U-87MG cells. We found that BA and BX led to a remarkable reduction in U-87MG cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that boron compounds increased the total oxidative status and MDA levels along with the SOD and CAT enzyme activities and decreased total antioxidant capacity and GSH levels in U-87MG cells without inducing DNA damage. The cytokine levels of cancer cells were also altered. We verified the selectivity of the compounds using a normal cell line, HaCaT and found an exact opposite condition after treating HaCaT cells with BA and BX. BA applications were more effective than BX on U-87MG cell line in terms of increasing MDA levels, SOD and CAT enzyme activities, and decreasing Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) levels. We finally observed that anticancer effect of BA and BX were associated with the BRAF/MAPK, PTEN and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in respect of downregulatory manner. Especially, BA application was found more favorable because of its inhibitory effect on PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN and RAF1 genes. In conclusion, our analysis indicated that boron compounds may be safe and promising for effective treatment of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, 25250; Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240; Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-17121, Sweden.
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Hadrup N, Frederiksen M, Sharma AK. Toxicity of boric acid, borax and other boron containing compounds: A review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 121:104873. [PMID: 33485927 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Boron, often in the form of boric acid, is widely used as a flame retardant in insulation products, and although humans ingest boron through food, high exposure may lead to unwanted health effects. We assessed the toxicity of boric acid, borax and other forms of boron, after inhalation, dermal and oral exposure. After oral exposure, boron is absorbed over the gastrointestinal tract. Intact skin seems to pose a more effective barrier to boron than compromised skin. Boron excretion seems to mainly occur via the urine, although after skin exposure boron has been demonstrated in bile and gastrointestinal contents. Inhalation toxicity data are sparse, but one animal study showed reduced foetal weight after inhalation of cellulose that had a boric acid content of 20%. Skin exposure to boric acid has proven fatal in some cases, and the range of toxicity effects include abdominal as well as local effects on the skin. Fatalities from boric acid also have occurred after oral ingestion, and the endpoints in animals are weight loss and reproductive toxicity. Concerning genotoxicity studies, the overall picture indicates that boron-containing compounds are not genotoxic. There was no evidence of the carcinogenicity of boric acid in a 2-year study in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Marie Frederiksen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK, 2100, Denmark
| | - Anoop K Sharma
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
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Tombuloglu A, Copoglu H, Aydin-Son Y, Guray NT. In vitro effects of boric acid on human liver hepatoma cell line (HepG2) at the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126573. [PMID: 32534377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron is a prominent part of the human diet and one of the essential trace elements for humans. Dietary boron is mostly transformed into boric acid within the body and has been associated with desirable health outcomes. Non-dietary resources of boron, such as boron-based drugs and occupational exposure, might lead to excessive boron levels in the blood and provoke health adversities. The liver might be particularly sensitive to boron intake with ample evidence suggesting a relation between boron and liver function, although the underlying molecular processes remain largely unknown. METHODS In order to better understand boron-related metabolism and molecular mechanisms associated with a cytotoxic level of boric acid, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of boric acid for the hepatoma cell line (HepG2) was determined using the XTT assay. Cellular responses followed by boric acid treatment at this concentration were investigated using genotoxicity assays and microarray hybridizations. Enrichment analyses were carried out to find out over-represented biological processes using the list of differentially expressed genes identified within the gene expression analysis. RESULTS DNA breaks were detected in HepG2 cells treated with 24 mM boric acid, the estimated IC50-level of boric acid. On the other hand, pleiotropic transcriptomic effects, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis as well as altered expression of Phase I and Phase II enzymes, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism were discerned in microarray analyses. CONCLUSION HepG2 cells treated with a growth-inhibitory concentration of boric acid for 24 h exhibited a senescence-like transcriptomic profile along with DNA damage. Further studies might help in understanding the concentration-dependent effects and mechanisms of boric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Tombuloglu
- Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Informatics, Health Informatics Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulya Copoglu
- Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Aydin-Son
- Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Informatics, Health Informatics Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Tulin Guray
- Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
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Evariste L, Flahaut E, Baratange C, Barret M, Mouchet F, Pinelli E, Galibert AM, Soula B, Gauthier L. Ecotoxicological assessment of commercial boron nitride nanotubes toward Xenopus laevis tadpoles and host-associated gut microbiota. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:35-51. [PMID: 33171057 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1839137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest for boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) due to their unique properties, data on the evaluation of the environmental risk potential of this emerging engineered nanomaterial are currently lacking. Therefore, the ecotoxicity of a commercial form of BNNT (containing tubes, hexagonal-boron nitride, and boron) was assessed in vivo toward larvae of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Following the exposure, multiple endpoints were measured in the tadpoles as well as in bacterial communities associated to the host gut. Exposure to BNNT led to boron accumulation in host tissues and was not associated to genotoxic effects. However, the growth of the tadpoles increased due to BNNT exposure. This parameter was associated to remodeling of gut microbiome, benefiting to taxa from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Changes in relative abundance of this phylum were positively correlated to larval growth. The obtained results support the finding that BNNT are biocompatible as indicated by the absence of toxic effect from the tested nanomaterials. In addition, byproducts, especially free boron present in the tested product, were overall beneficial for the metabolism of the tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauris Evariste
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Baratange
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maialen Barret
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Marie Galibert
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Soula
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Küçükdoğru R, Türkez H, Arslan ME, Tozlu ÖÖ, Sönmez E, Mardinoğlu A, Cacciatore I, Di Stefano A. Neuroprotective effects of boron nitride nanoparticles in the experimental Parkinson's disease model against MPP+ induced apoptosis. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:947-957. [PMID: 32215836 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most aggressive neurodegenerative diseases and characterized by the loss of dopamine-sensitive neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. There is no any definitive treatment to completely cure PD and existing treatments can only ease the symptoms of the disease. Boron nitride nanoparticles have been extensively studied in nano-biological studies and researches showed that it can be a promising candidate for PD treatment with its biologically active unique properties. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate ameliorative effects of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBNs) against toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in experimental PD model. Experimental PD model was constituted by application of MPP+ to differentiated pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cell (Ntera-2, NT-2) culture in wide range of concentrations (0.62 to 2 mM). Neuroprotective activity of hBNs against MPP+ toxicity was determined by cell viability assays including MTT and LDH release. Oxidative alterations by hBNs application in PD cell culture model were investigated using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) tests. The impacts of hBNs and MPP+ on nuclear integrity were analyzed by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining method. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities were determined by a colorimetric assay towards to hBNs treatment. Cell death mechanisms caused by hBNs and MPP+ exposure was investigated by flow cytometry analysis. Experimental results showed that application of hBNs increased cell viability in PD model against MPP+ application. TAS and TOS analysis were determined that antioxidant capacity elevated after hBNs applications while oxidant levels were reduced. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis executed that MPP+ induced apoptosis was prevented significantly (p < 0.05) after application with hBNs. In a conclusion, the obtained results indicated that hBNs have a huge potential against MPP+ toxicity and can be used in PD treatment as novel neuroprotective agent and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Küçükdoğru
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye.
| | - Özlem Özdemir Tozlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Erdal Sönmez
- Department of Physics, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoğlu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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11
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BAŞARAN N, DUYDU Y, ÜSTÜNDAĞ A, TANER G, AYDIN S, ANLAR HG, YALÇIN CÖ, BACANLI M, AYDOS K, ATABEKOĞLU CS, GOLKA K, ICKSTADT K, SCHWERDTLE T, WERNER M, MEYER S, BOLT HM. Evaluation of the DNA damage in lymphocytes, sperm and buccal cells of workers under environmental and occupational boron exposure conditions. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 843:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Wu L, Wei Y, Zhou WB, Zhang YS, Chen QH, Liu MX, Zhu ZP, Zhou J, Yang LH, Wang HM, Wei GM, Wang S, Tang ZG. Gene expression alterations of human liver cancer cells following borax exposure. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:115-130. [PMID: 31180554 PMCID: PMC6549072 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Borax is a boron compound that is becoming widely recognized for its biological effects, including lipid peroxidation, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, antioxidant activity and potential therapeutic benefits. However, it remains unknown whether exposure of human liver cancer (HepG2) cells to borax affects the gene expression of these cells. HepG2 cells were treated with 4 mM borax for either 2 or 24 h. Gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 2.0 ST Arrays, which was followed by gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. The clustering result was validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A cell proliferation assay was performed using Celigo Image Cytometer Instrumentation. Following this, 2- or 24-h exposure to borax significantly altered the expression level of a number of genes in HepG2 cells, specifically 530 genes (384 upregulated and 146 downregulated) or 1,763 genes (1,044 upregulated and 719 downregulated) compared with the control group, respectively (≥2-fold; P<0.05). Twenty downregulated genes were abundantly expressed in HepG2 cells under normal conditions. Furthermore, the growth of HepG2 cells was inhibited through the downregulation of PRUNE1, NBPF1, PPcaspase-1, UPF2 and MBTPS1 (≥1.5-fold, P<0.05). The dysregulated genes potentially serve important roles in various biological processes, including the inflammation response, stress response, cellular growth, proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis/oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Liver Surgery Institute of The Experiment Center of Medicine, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhou
- Liver Surgery Institute of The Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - You-Shun Zhang
- Liver Surgery Institute of The Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Experiment Center of Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, YunXi Health for Women And Children, Children's Hospital, Maternal & Child Care and Family Planning Service Centre, Shiyan, Hubei 442600, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Peng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Liver Surgery Institute of The Experiment Center of Medicine, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Yang
- Subject Construction Office, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Liver Surgery Institute of The Experiment Center of Medicine, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Min Wei
- Liver Surgery Institute of The Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Liver Surgery Institute of The Experiment Center of Medicine, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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13
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Başaran N, Duydu Y, Üstündağ A, Taner G, Aydin Dilsiz S, Anlar HG, Yalçin CÖ, Bacanli M, Golka K, Schwerdtle T, Bolt HM. Environmental boron exposure does not induce DNA damage in lymphocytes and buccal cells of females: DNA damage in lymphocytes and buccal cells of boron exposed females. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 53:150-153. [PMID: 30910199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) compounds are essential for plants and animals and beneficial for humans in nutritional amounts. I animals and humans increasing evidence have shown beneficial effects on B compounds on nutrition and on antioxidant status. The genotoxic effects of environmental B exposure in women living in boron-rich and boron-poor areas was examined in this study. For this purpose, the DNA damage in the lymphocytes and buccal cells of females were assessed by Comet and micronucleus (MN) assays respectively. No significant difference was observed in the DNA damage of the lymphocytes of B exposed groups of female volunteers in Comet assay. Even buccal micronucleus (MN) frequency observed in the high exposure group was significantly lower than the low exposure group (p < 0.05). The results of this study came to the same conclusions of the previous studies that boron does not induce DNA damage even under extreme exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurşen Başaran
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yalçın Duydu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Üstündağ
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Taner
- Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Aydin Dilsiz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gül Anlar
- Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Can Özgür Yalçin
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Merve Bacanli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Klaus Golka
- Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardey Str. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hermann M Bolt
- Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Ardey Str. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Acaroz U, Ince S, Arslan-Acaroz D, Gurler Z, Demirel HH, Kucukkurt I, Eryavuz A, Kara R, Varol N, Zhu K. Bisphenol-A induced oxidative stress, inflammatory gene expression, and metabolic and histopathological changes in male Wistar albino rats: protective role of boron. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:262-269. [PMID: 30997025 PMCID: PMC6425992 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most produced chemicals in the world and has been widely employed in the food industry. Continuous and widespread exposure to BPA through drinking water and food leads to health concerns for humans. This study evaluated the effects of boron (B) on BPA-mediated oxidative stress in male Wistar albino rats. Rats were equally divided into 5 groups; corn oil was given orally to the control group; 25 mg kg-1 of BPA dissolved in corn oil was given orally to the second group. All other groups received the same dose of BPA and different doses of B (5, 10, and 20 mg kg-1 per day, respectively) orally for 30 days. The administration of BPA significantly decreased glutathione levels and increased malondialdehyde levels in rat tissues. Furthermore, BPA treatment reduced the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in tissues and erythrocytes. Also, mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the brain, liver, and testes of rats were augmented, whereas IL-10 was decreased with BPA treatment. Besides, BPA treatment adversely altered biochemical parameters and caused damage to the cell integrity of rat tissues. However, B administration reversed BPA-induced alterations in rat tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, B exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and regulated metabolic and histopathological alterations in male Wistar albino rats exposed to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Acaroz
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Veterinary Faculty , Department of Food Hygiene and Technology , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +90272281312-2891
| | - Sinan Ince
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Veterinary Faculty , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Bayat Vocational School , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Zeki Gurler
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Veterinary Faculty , Department of Food Hygiene and Technology , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +90272281312-2891
| | | | - Ismail Kucukkurt
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Veterinary Faculty , Department of Biochemistry , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Abdullah Eryavuz
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Veterinary Faculty , Department of Physiology , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Recep Kara
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Veterinary Faculty , Department of Food Hygiene and Technology , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +90272281312-2891
| | - Nuray Varol
- Afyon Kocatepe University , Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Genetics , 03200 Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Kui Zhu
- China Agricultural University , College of Veterinary Medicine , Beijing, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation , 100193 , China
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15
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Yamada KE, Eckhert CD. Boric Acid Activation of eIF2α and Nrf2 Is PERK Dependent: a Mechanism that Explains How Boron Prevents DNA Damage and Enhances Antioxidant Status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:2-10. [PMID: 30196486 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron is abundant in vegetables, nuts, legumes, and fruit and intake is associated with reduced risk of cancer and DNA damage and increased antioxidant status. Blood boric acid (BA) levels are approximately 10 μM BA in men at the mean US boron intake. Treatment of DU-145 human prostate cancer cells with 10 μM BA stimulates phosphorylation of elongation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) at Ser51 leading to activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 pathway which activates the DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34. In the present study, we used MEF WT and MEF PERK (±) cells to test the hypothesis that BA-activated eIF2α phosphorylation requires protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activates Nrf2 and the antioxidant response element (ARE). BA (10 μM) increased phosphorylation of eIF2α Ser51 in MEF WT cells at 1 h, but not in MEF Perk -/- cells exposed for as long as 6 h. GCN2 kinase-dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α Ser51 was activated in MEF PERK -/- cells by amino acid starvation. Nrf2 phosphorylation is PERK dependent and when activated is translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor for ARE. DU-145 cells were treated with 10 μM BA and Nrf2 measured by immunofluorescence. Cytoplasmic Nrf2 was translocated to the nucleus at 1.5-2 h in DU-145 and MEF WT cells, but not MEF PERK -/- cells. Real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA levels of three ARE genes (HMOX-1, NQO1, and GCLC). Treatment with 10 μM BA increased the mRNA levels of all three genes at 1-4 h in DU-145 cells and HMOX1 and GCLC in MEF WT cells. These results extend the known boric acid signaling pathway to ARE-regulated genes. The BA signaling pathway can be expressed using the schematic [BA + cADPR → cADPR-BA → [[ER]i Ca2+↓] → 3 pathways: PERK/eIF2αP → pathways ATF4 and Nrf2; and [[ER]i Ca2+↓] → ER stress → ATF6 pathway. This signaling pathway provides a framework that links many of the molecular changes that underpin the biological effects of boron intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Yamada
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Curtis D Eckhert
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Mutagènesi, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Yildirim S, Celikezen FC, Oto G, Sengul E, Bulduk M, Tasdemir M, Ali Cinar D. An Investigation of Protective Effects of Litium Borate on Blood and Histopathological Parameters in Acute Cadmium-Induced Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:287-294. [PMID: 28685242 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the protective effects of lithium borate (LTB) on blood parameters and histopathological findings in experimentally induced acute cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were used, weighing 200-220 g, and they were randomly divided into four groups, including one control and the following three experimental groups: a Cd group (0.025 mmol/kg), a LTB group (15 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days), and a LTB + Cd group (15 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days and Cd 0.025 mmol/kg by intraperitoneal injection on the fifth day). All the rats in the study were anesthetized with ketamine at the end of the sixth day, blood was taken from their hearts, and then the rats were decapitated. The values in the control and LTB group were usually close to each other. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil %, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased in the Cd and LTB + Cd groups while lymphocyte and monocyte levels decreased in a statistically significant manner, in comparison to the other groups. It was determined that the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Htc), and hemoglobin (Hb) did not change in the groups. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the Cd and LTB + Cd groups significantly increased, in comparison to the other groups, while the glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), and total protein (TP) levels decreased. According to histopathological findings in the control and LTB groups, the liver and kidney tissues were found to have normal histological structures. In the Cd group, severe necrotic hemorrhagic hepatitis, mild steatosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration were detected in the liver. In the LTB + Cd group, degeneration and mild mononuclear cell infiltration were found in the liver. Regarding the kidney tissue in the Cd group, severe intertubular hyperemia in both kidney cortex and medulla, as well as degeneration and necrosis in the tubulus epithelium, was observed. In the LTB + Cd group, mild interstitial hyperemia and mononuclear cell infiltration was detected. Resultantly, it can be said that LTB at this dose has non-toxic effects and some beneficial effects for liver and kidney damage caused by acute Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Caglar Celikezen
- Department of Chemisty, Faculty of Sciences and Letter Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Oto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Emin Sengul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bulduk
- Ercis Vocational High School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - M Tasdemir
- Department of Chemisty, Faculty of Sciences and Letter Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - D Ali Cinar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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18
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Marat I, Arstan M, Galymzhan Y, Timur J, Yerbolat I, Almasbek Y. Impact of chromium and boron compounds on the reproductive function in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:365-374. [PMID: 29591889 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718759162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the process of mutagenesis and the reproductive function in male rats under separate and combined exposure to chromium and boron compounds. The experiment was conducted on two groups of animals. The first group was used to assess the ability of potassium dichromate and boric acid to induce mutation in germ and somatic cells under isolated and combined administration with the use of the dominant lethal mutations test and the micronuclei test in the polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow. The second group was used to test the combined and separate effect of the compounds under consideration on the reproductive function of male rats during the spermatogenesis cycle. When used in specific doses, boron compounds are a promising means of preventing and correcting chromium-induced effects in chromium production facility workers and people who live in ecologically adverse regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iztleuov Marat
- Department of Natural Sciences, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Mamyrbayev Arstan
- Department of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yeleuov Galymzhan
- LLP “Rehabilitation Medical Center,” Clinic Daru, Aktobe, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Jarkenov Timur
- West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Iztleuov Yerbolat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, The Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yeleuov Almasbek
- “Republican Center for Health Development” of the MHSD, Business Center “Altyn Orda,” Astana, The Republic of Kazakhstan
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Tepedelen BE, Soya E, Korkmaz M. Boric Acid Reduces the Formation of DNA Double Strand Breaks and Accelerates Wound Healing Process. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:309-318. [PMID: 27154731 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Boron is absorbed by the digestive and respiratory system, and it was considered that it is converted to boric acid (BA), which was distributed to all tissues above 90 %. The biochemical essentiality of boron element is caused by boric acid because it affects the activity of several enzymes involved in the metabolism. DNA damage repair mechanisms and oxidative stress regulation is quite important in the transition stage from normal to cancerous cells; thus, this study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of boric acid on DNA damage and wound healing in human epithelial cell line. For this purpose, the amount of DNA damage occurred with irinotecan (CPT-11), etoposide (ETP), doxorubicin (Doxo), and H2O2 was determined by immunofluorescence through phosphorylation of H2AX(Ser139) and pATM(Ser1981) in the absence and presence of BA. Moreover, the effect of BA on wound healing has been investigated in epithelial cells treated with these agents. Our results demonstrated that H2AX(Ser139) foci numbers were significantly decreased in the presence of BA while wound healing was accelerated by BA compared to that in the control and only drug-treated cells. Eventually, the results indicate that BA reduced the formation of DNA double strand breaks caused by agents as well as improving the wound healing process. Therefore, we suggest that boric acid has important therapeutical effectiveness and may be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases where oxidative stress and wound healing process plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Soya
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, 45030, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, 45030, Manisa, Turkey
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20
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Ozdemir A, Sarioglu OF, Tekinay T. Spectroscopic Evaluation of DNA-Borate Interactions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:508-15. [PMID: 25994227 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the binding characteristics of two natural borates (colemanite and ulexite) to calf thymus DNA by UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and a competitive DNA binding assay. Our results suggest that colemanite and ulexite interact with calf thymus DNA under a non-intercalative mode of binding and do not alter the secondary structure of the DNA helix. The FT-IR spectroscopy results indicate that the two borates might interact with DNA through sugar-phosphate backbone binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozdemir
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Sarioglu
- Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Turgay Tekinay
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06500, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, 06830, Golbasi, Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Gülsoy N, Yavas C, Mutlu Ö. Genotoxic effects of boric acid and borax in zebrafish, Danio rerio using alkaline comet assay. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:890-9. [PMID: 26862320 PMCID: PMC4743479 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study is conducted to determine the potential mechanisms of Boron compounds, boric acid (BA) and borax (BX), on genotoxicity of zebrafish Danio rerio for 24, 48, 72 and 96-hours acute exposure (level:1, 4, 16, 64 mg/l BA and BX) in semi-static bioassay experiment. For that purpose, peripheral erythrocytes were drawn from caudal vein and Comet assay was applied to assess genotoxicity. Acute (96 hours) exposure and high concentrations of boric acid and borax increases % tail DNA and Olive tail moment. Genotoxicity was found for BA as concentration-dependent and BX as concentration and time dependent manner. In general, significant effects (P < 0,05) on both concentrations and exposure times were observed in experimental groups. DNA damage was highest at 96 h and 24 h for all BX and BA concentrations, respectively in peripheral blood of D. rerio. For the first time, our study demonstrates the effect of waterborne BA and BX exposure on genotoxicity at the molecular level, which may contribute to understanding the mechanism of boric acid and borax-induced genotoxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Gülsoy
- Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüneyd Yavas
- Marmara University, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özal Mutlu
- Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Rocco L, Santonastaso M, Mottola F, Costagliola D, Suero T, Pacifico S, Stingo V. Genotoxicity assessment of TiO2 nanoparticles in the teleost Danio rerio. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:223-230. [PMID: 25506637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), widely used in paints, pharmaceutical preparations and in many consumer products, have been shown to induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenic responses both in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies have shown the potential impact of nanoparticles on a series of aquatic organisms and their toxicity has been linked to their dissolution, surface properties and size. In vitro studies have raised concerns about the toxicity of TiO2 NPs, but there are very limited data on ecotoxicity to aquatic life. This in vivo study aimed to describe the genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs in the zebrafish Danio rerio. After 2 weeks of adaptation, groups of zebrafish were exposed to TiO2 NPs (1 and 10μg/L) for 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The genotoxic potential of TiO2 NPs was assessed by the Comet assay, the Diffusion assay and RAPD-PCR technique. The use of multi-biomarkers has become an important aspect of ecotoxicology to evaluate environmental quality through a wide panel of biological responses triggered by contaminants. The highest genotoxic effect was observed at the maximum concentrations of nanoparticles (10μg/L) with all three tests at 14 and 21 days of exposure. The results suggests the presence of mechanisms that can reduce the n-TiO2 genotoxicity. Future studies are necessary to analyze the DNA repairing capacity in zebrafish cells and so verify the role of the antioxidant defence system in modulating the response to exposure to n-TiO2 in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Marianna Santonastaso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
| | - Filomena Mottola
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
| | - Domenico Costagliola
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
| | - Teresa Suero
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stingo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
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Cytogenetic and oxidative alterations after exposure of cultured human whole blood cells to lithium metaborate dehydrate. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:821-7. [PMID: 25680697 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron compounds have an ability of supporting antioxidant properties in human and animal tissues. Lithium metaborate dihydrate (LiBO2·2H2O; LMD) is commonly used in nonlinear optic materials, cellular phones and pagers. But, there are limited data on the genotoxic and antioxidant effects of LMD in cultured human whole blood cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the genotoxicity and antioxidant/oxidant activity of LMD on human whole blood lymphocytes (n = 5). LMD was applied at various concentrations (0-1,280 µg/ml) to cultured blood samples. Antioxidant/oxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity levels. Micronuclei and chromosomal aberration tests were used in genotoxicity studies. Our results clearly revealed that all tested concentrations of LMD were found to be non-genotoxic when compared to that of the control group. In addition, LMD exhibited antioxidant activities at low concentrations. In addition the TOS levels were not changed at all concentrations of LMD. Consequently, our results clearly demonstrated that LMD is non-genotoxic and it has an important antioxidant potential in vitro.
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI. Ameliorative effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1074-85. [PMID: 25187318 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714547382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant toxicant that mediates carcinogenic effects associated with oxidative DNA damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with antioxidant functions has many biochemical, cellular, and physiological functions for cells. The present study assessed, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of DHA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (HEPs). In vitro, isolated HEPs were incubated with TCDD (5 and 10 μM) in the presence and absence of DHA (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 48 h. The cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. DNA damage was analyzed by liver micronucleus assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) were assessed to determine the oxidative injury in HEPs. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not DHA. On the basis of increasing treatment concentrations, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated HEPs and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. TCDD also led to significant increases in TOS content. On the contrary, in cultures treated with DHA, the level of TAC was significantly increased during treatment in a concentration-dependent fashion. DHA showed therapeutic potential against TCDD-mediated cell viability and DNA damages. As conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that DHA has protective effects against TCDD toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Turkez H, Sönmez E, Di Stefano A, Mokhtar YI. Health risk assessments of lithium titanate nanoparticles in rat liver cell model for its safe applications in nanopharmacology and nanomedicine. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:291-302. [PMID: 25149287 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high chemical stability, lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) nanoparticles (LTT NPs) now are projected to be transferred into different nanotechnology areas like nano pharmacology and nano medicine. With the increased applications of LTT NPs for numerous purposes, the concerns about their potential human toxicity effects and their environmental impact are also increased. However, toxicity data for LTT NPs related to human health are very limited. Therefore we aimed to investigate toxicity potentials of various concentrations (0-1,000 ppm) of LTT NPs (<100 nm) in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. DNA damage was analyzed by scoring liver micronuclei rates and by determining 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that higher concentrations of dispersed LTT NPs (500 and 1,000 ppm) decreased cell viability. Also, LTT NPs increased TOS (300, 500 and 1,000 ppm) levels and decreased TAC (300, 500 and 1,000 ppm) levels in cultured hepatocytes. The results of genotoxicity tests revealed that LTT NPs did not cause significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. In conclusion, the obtained results showed for the first time that LTT NPs had dose dependent effects on oxidative damage and cytotoxicity but not genotoxicity in cultured primary rat hepatocytes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Erdal Sönmez
- Department of Physics, K. K. Education Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Yousef I Mokhtar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
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Togar B, Türkez H, Stefano AD, Tatar A, Cetin D. Zingiberene attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in neuronal cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:135-44. [PMID: 24925361 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114538987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this experimental design, we explored the neuroprotective potential of zingiberene (ZGB), a monocyclic sesquiterpene, in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity in newborn rat cerebral cortex cell cultures for the first time. The rats were exposed to H2O2 for 6 h to determine the oxidative stress levels. To evaluate cell viability, both 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were carried out. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters were used to evaluate oxidative changes. Besides determining 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels in vitro, single-cell gel electrophoresis was also performed to measure the resistance of neuronal DNA to H2O2- exposed rats. Our results showed that survival and TAC levels of the cells decreased, while TOS, 8-OH-dG levels and the mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage increased in the H2O2 alone-treated cultures. But pretreatment of ZGB suppressed the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress that were increased by H2O2. Based on these observations, it is suggested that the sesquiterpene ZGB can be used as a novel and natural potential therapeutic in counteracting oxidative damages in the field of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - H Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A D Stefano
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - D Cetin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Üstündağ A, Behm C, Föllmann W, Duydu Y, Degen GH. Protective effect of boric acid on lead- and cadmium-induced genotoxicity in V79 cells. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1281-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Chen T, Yan J, Li Y. Genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:95-104. [PMID: 24673907 PMCID: PMC9359145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs, <100 nm) are increasingly being used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to the unique properties derived from their small sizes. However, their large surface-area to mass ratio and high redox potential may negatively impact human health and the environment. TiO2-NPs can cause inflammation, pulmonary damage, fibrosis, and lung tumors and they are possibly carcinogenic to humans. Because cancer is a disease involving mutation, there are a large number of studies on the genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs. In this article, we review the results that have been reported in the literature, with a focus on data generated from the standard genotoxicity assays. The data include genotoxicity results from the Ames test, in vitro and in vivo Comet assay, in vitro and in vivo micronucleus assay, sister chromatid exchange assay, mammalian cell hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene assay, the wing somatic mutation and recombination assay, and the mouse phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A gene assay. Inconsistent results have been found in these assays, with both positive and negative responses being reported. The in vitro systems for assessing the genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs have generated a greater number of positive results than the in vivo systems, and tests for DNA and chromosome damage have produced more positive results than the assays measuring gene mutation. Nearly all tests for measuring the mutagenicity of TiO2-NPs were negative. The current data indicate that the genotoxicity of TiO2-NPs is mediated mainly through the generation of oxidative stress in cells.
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Turkez H, Yousef MI, Sönmez E, Togar B, Bakan F, Sozio P, Stefano AD. Evaluation of cytotoxic, oxidative stress and genotoxic responses of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on human blood cells. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:373-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science; Erzurum Technical University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I. Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; 21526 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Erdal Sönmez
- Department of Physics, K. K. Education Faculty; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Başak Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- SUNUM; Sabanci University; Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Piera Sozio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. D'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
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Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of boric acid (E 284) and sodium tetraborate (borax) (E 285) as food additives. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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31
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Turkez H, İncekara Ü, Güner A, Aydın E, Dirican E, Togar B. The cytogenetic effects of the aqueous extracts of migratory locust (Locusta migratoria L.) in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:233-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712452610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the useful and most commonly cultivated commercially species, migratory locust ( Locusta migratoria; Orthoptera), was investigated in light of genotoxic damage potentials. For this aim, we evaluated the genotoxic potentials of water soluble extracts of L. migratoria on cultured human blood cells. The micronucleus, sister chromatid exchange and structural chromosome aberration assays were applied to assess DNA and chromosomal damage produced by aqueous extracts in vitro. The extracts were added to the cultures at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 mg/L. Our results indicated that these extracts did not exhibit genotoxicity at tested concentrations. We conclude that this in vitro approach for biomonitoring genotoxicity assessment is useful for comparing the potential health risks of edible insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ümit İncekara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adem Güner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Elanur Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medical, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Başak Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Turkez H, Aydin E, Aslan A. Role of aqueous Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) extract as a genoprotective agent on imazalil-induced genotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:33-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712448119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a number of studies have suggested that lichens might be the easily accessible sources of natural drugs that could be used as a possible food supplement. Extensive research is being carried out to explore the importance of lichen species, which are known to contain a variety of pharmacological active compounds. On the other hand, imazalil (IMA), a commonly used fungicide in both agricultural and clinical domains, is suspected to produce very serious toxic effects in vertebrates. In this context, the antigenotoxic effect of aqueous Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) extract (BCE) was studied against the genotoxic damage induced by IMA on cultured human lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) as cytogenetic parameters. Human peripheral lymphocytes were treated in vitro with varying concentrations of BCE (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL), tested in combination with IMA (336 µg/mL). BCE alone was not genotoxic, and when combined with IMA treatment, it reduced the frequency of CAs and the rates of MN. A clear dose-dependent decrease in the genotoxic damage of IMA was observed, suggesting a genoprotective role of BCE. The results of the present study suggest that this plant extract per se do not have genotoxic potential, but can modulate the genotoxicity of IMA on peripheral human lymphocytes in vitro. In conclusion, our findings may have an important application in the protection of cultured human lymphocyte from the genetic damage and side effects induced by agricultural and medical chemicals that are hazardous to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elanur Aydin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Aslan
- Department of Biology, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Turkez H, Geyikoğlu F, Dirican E, Tatar A. In vitro studies on chemoprotective effect of borax against aflatoxin B1-induced genetic damage in human lymphocytes. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:607-12. [PMID: 22526492 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A common dietary contaminant, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), has been shown to be a potent mutagen and carcinogen in humans and many animal species. Since the eradication of AFB1 contamination in agricultural products has been rare, the use of natural or synthetic free radical scavengers could be a potential chemopreventive strategy. Boron compounds like borax (BX) and boric acid are the major components of industry and their antioxidant role has recently been reported. In the present report, we evaluated the capability of BX to inhibit the rate of micronucleus (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formations induced by AFB1. There were significant increases (P < 0.05) in both SCE and MN frequencies of cultures treated with AFB1 (3.12 ppm) as compared to controls. However, co-application of BX (1, 2 and 5 ppm) and AFB1 resulted in decreases of SCE and MN rates as compared to the group treated with AFB1 alone. Borax gave 30-50 % protection against AFB1 induced SCEs and MNs. In conclusion, the support of borax was especially useful in aflatoxin-toxicated blood tissue. Thus, the risk on target tissues of AFB1 could be reduced and ensured early recovery from its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Turkez H, Geyikoğlu F, Tatar A. Borax counteracts genotoxicity of aluminum in rat liver. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:775-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712442739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of borax (BX) on genotoxicity induced by aluminum (Al) in rat liver, using liver micronucleus assay as an indicator of genotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into six groups and each group had four animals. Aluminum chloride (AlCl3; 5 mg/kg b.w.) and BX (3.25 and 13 mg/kg b.w.) were injected intraperitoneally to rats. Besides, animals were also treated with Al for 4 consecutive days followed by BX for 10 days. Rats were anesthetized after Al and BX injections and the hepatocytes were isolated for counting the number of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs). AlCl3 was found to significantly ( p < 0.05) increase the number of MNHEPs. Rats treated with BX, however, showed no increase in MNHEPs. Moreover, simultaneous treatments with BX significantly modulated the genotoxic effects of AlCl3 in rats. It can be concluded that BX has beneficial influences and has the ability to antagonize Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Turkez H. The role of ascorbic acid on titanium dioxide-induced genetic damage assessed by the comet assay and cytogenetic tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:453-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Çolak S, Geyikoğlu F, Keles ON, Türkez H, Topal A, Unal B. The neuroprotective role of boric acid on aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27:700-10. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710395349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative changes in brain tissue following aluminum chloride (AlCl3) administration and to determine whether boric acid (BA) has a protective effect against brain damage induced by AlCl 3. For this aim, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into eight groups: (1) control, (2) AlCl3 (5 mg/kg/day), (3, 4 and 5) BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day), (6, 7 and 8) AlCl3 (5 mg/kg/day) plus BA (3.25, 36 and 58.5 mg/kg/day). After the animals were killed, the total numbers of neuron in the brain of all groups were determined using an unbiased stereological analysis. In addition to the stereological analysis, all brains were examined histopathologically by using light and electron microscopy. The stereological and histopathological results indicated a high damage of the rat brain tissues in the AlCl3 and AlCl3 + high dose BA (36 and 58.5) treatment groups. However, protective effects on neuron were observed in the AlCl3 + low dose BA (3.25) group when compared other AlCl3 groups. Our stereological and histopathological findings show that low-dose BA, as a proteasome inhibitor, can decrease the adverse effects of AlCl3 on the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Çolak
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University Faculty of Science, Erzurum, Turkey,
| | - Fatime Geyikoğlu
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University Faculty of Science, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Osman Nuri Keles
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Biology, Ataturk University Faculty of Science, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Topal
- Department of Physiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Veterinary, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bünyami Unal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Kirkland D, Reeve L, Gatehouse D, Vanparys P. A core in vitro genotoxicity battery comprising the Ames test plus the in vitro micronucleus test is sufficient to detect rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins. Mutat Res 2011; 721:27-73. [PMID: 21238603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In vitro genotoxicity testing needs to include tests in both bacterial and mammalian cells, and be able to detect gene mutations, chromosomal damage and aneuploidy. This may be achieved by a combination of the Ames test (detects gene mutations) and the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit), since the latter detects both chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy. In this paper we therefore present an analysis of an existing database of rodent carcinogens and a new database of in vivo genotoxins in terms of the in vitro genotoxicity tests needed to detect their in vivo activity. Published in vitro data from at least one test system (most were from the Ames test) were available for 557 carcinogens and 405 in vivo genotoxins. Because there are fewer publications on the MNvit than for other mammalian cell tests, and because the concordance between the MNvit and the in vitro chromosomal aberration (CAvit) test is so high for clastogenic activity, positive results in the CAvit test were taken as indicative of a positive result in the MNvit where there were no, or only inadequate data for the latter. Also, because Hprt and Tk loci both detect gene-mutation activity, a positive Hprt test was taken as indicative of a mouse-lymphoma Tk assay (MLA)-positive, where there were no data for the latter. Almost all of the 962 rodent carcinogens and in vivo genotoxins were detected by an in vitro battery comprising Ames+MNvit. An additional 11 carcinogens and six in vivo genotoxins would apparently be detected by the MLA, but many of these had not been tested in the MNvit or CAvit tests. Only four chemicals emerge as potentially being more readily detected in MLA than in Ames+MNvit--benzyl acetate, toluene, morphine and thiabendazole--and none of these are convincing cases to argue for the inclusion of the MLA in addition to Ames+MNvit. Thus, there is no convincing evidence that any genotoxic rodent carcinogens or in vivo genotoxins would remain undetected in an in vitro test battery consisting of Ames+MNvit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kirkland
- Kirkland Consulting, PO Box 79, Tadcaster LS24 0AS, United Kingdom.
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Falck GCM, Lindberg HK, Suhonen S, Vippola M, Vanhala E, Catalán J, Savolainen K, Norppa H. Genotoxic effects of nanosized and fine TiO2. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 28:339-52. [PMID: 19755445 DOI: 10.1177/0960327109105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The in-vitro genotoxicity of nanosized TiO(2) rutile and anatase was assessed in comparison with fine TiO(2) rutile in human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test. BEAS 2B cells were exposed to eight doses (1-100 microg/cm(2)) of titanium(IV) oxide nanosized rutile (>95%, <5% amorphous SiO(2) coating; 10 x 40 nm), nanosized anatase (99.7%; <25 nm), or fine rutile (99.9%; <5 microm) for 24, 48, and 72 h. Fine rutile reduced cell viability at lower doses than nanosized anatase, which was more cytotoxic than nanosized rutile. In the comet assay, nanosized anatase and fine rutile induced DNA damage at several doses with all treatment times. Dose-dependent effects were seen after the 48- and 72-h treatments with nanosized anatase and after the 24-, 48- (in one out of two experiments), and 72-h treatments (one experiment) with fine rutile. The lowest doses inducing DNA damage were 1 microg/cm(2) for fine rutile and 10 microg/cm( 2) for nanosized anatase. Nanosized rutile showed a significant induction in DNA damage only at 80 microg/cm(2) in the 24-h treatment and at 80 and 100 microg/ cm(2) in the 72-h treatment (with a dose-dependent effect). Only nanosized anatase could elevate the frequency of micronucleated BEAS 2B cells, producing a significant increase at 10 and 60 microg/cm( 2) after the 72-h treatment (no dose-dependency). At increasing doses of all the particles, MN analysis became difficult due to the presence of TiO(2) on the microscopic slides. In conclusion, our studies in human bronchial epithelial BEAS 2B cells showed that uncoated nanosized anatase TiO(2) and fine rutile TiO(2) are more efficient than SiO( 2)-coated nanosized rutile TiO(2) in inducing DNA damage, whereas only nanosized anatase is able to slightly induce micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C M Falck
- New Technologies and Risks, Work Environment Development Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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