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Ammar AU, Yildirim ID, Bakan F, Erdem E. ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2021; 12:49-57. [PMID: 33520574 PMCID: PMC7814178 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitor devices are interesting owing to their broad range of applicability from wearable electronics to energy storage in electric vehicles. One of the key parameters that affect the efficiency of supercapacitor devices is selecting the ideal electrode material for a specific application. Regarding this, recently developed metal oxides, specifically nanostructured ZnO, and MXenes with their defect structures, size effects, as well as optical and electronic properties have been presented as electrode material in supercapacitor devices. The discussion of MXenes along with ZnO, although different in chemistry, also highlights the differences in dimensionality when it comes to defect-driven effects, especially in carrier transport. The volume under the influence of the defect centers is expected to be different in bulk and 2D structures, regardless of composition. Hence, analysis and discussion of both materials provide a fundamental understanding regarding the manner in which 2D structures are impacted by defects compared to bulk. Such an approach would therefore serve the scientific community with the material design tools needed to fabricate the next generation of supercapacitor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Uddin Ammar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Deniz Yildirim
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research Centre (SUNUM), Sabanci University TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Erdem
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Najib S, Bakan F, Abdullayeva N, Bahariqushchi R, Kasap S, Franzò G, Sankir M, Demirci Sankir N, Mirabella S, Erdem E. Tailoring morphology to control defect structures in ZnO electrodes for high-performance supercapacitor devices. Nanoscale 2020; 12:16162-16172. [PMID: 32700701 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03921g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were synthesized in the form of nanoparticles, nanoflowers and nanourchins. Structural, electronic and optical characterization of the samples was performed via standard techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence, Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Point defect structures which are specific to each morphology have been investigated in terms of their concentration and location via state-of-the-art electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. According to the core-shell model, all the samples revealed core defects; however, the defects on the surface are smeared out. Finally, all three morphologies have been tested as electrode materials in a real supercapacitor device and the performance of the device, in particular, the specific capacitance and the storage mechanism, has been mediated by the point defects. Morphology-dependent defective ZnO electrodes enable the monitoring of the working principle of the supercapacitor device ranging from electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) to pseudo-supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiyah Najib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Feray Bakan
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazrin Abdullayeva
- Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu Cad. 43 Sogutozu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Kasap
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Sankir
- Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu Cad. 43 Sogutozu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey and Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu Cad. No 43 Sogutozu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Demirci Sankir
- Micro and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu Cad. 43 Sogutozu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey and Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Sogutozu Cad. No 43 Sogutozu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salvo Mirabella
- IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Emre Erdem
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey. and Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Combinations of three or more drugs are routinely used in various medical fields such as clinical oncology and infectious diseases to prevent resistance or to achieve synergistic therapeutic benefits. The very large number of possible high-order drug combinations presents a formidable challenge for discovering synergistic drug combinations. Here, we establish a guided screen to discover synergistic three-drug combinations. Using traditional checkerboard and recently developed diagonal methods, we experimentally measured all pairwise interactions among eight compounds in Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. Showing that synergy measurements of these two methods agree, we predicted synergy/antagonism scores for all possible three-drug combinations by averaging the synergy scores of pairwise interactions. We validated these predictions by experimentally measuring 35 three-drug interactions. Therefore, our guided screen for discovering three-drug synergies is (i) experimental screen of all pairwise interactions using diagonal method, (ii) averaging pairwise scores among components to predict three-drug interaction scores, (iii) experimental testing of top predictions. In our study, this strategy resulted in a five-fold reduction in screen size to find the most synergistic three-drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Cokol-Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Cetiner
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Erdem
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Cokol
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Toufani M, Kasap S, Tufani A, Bakan F, Weber S, Erdem E. Synergy of nano-ZnO and 3D-graphene foam electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor devices. Nanoscale 2020; 12:12790-12800. [PMID: 32373860 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two kinds of electrode materials were produced to fabricate asymmetric supercapacitor devices: (i) Highly defective, n-type wide bandgap semiconductor ZnO nanocrystalline electrodes below 50 nm were synthesized with the aid of the high energy ball milling technique. (ii) Flexible 3D-graphene foams were synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition technique. Extensive defect structure analysis was performed via enhanced characterization techniques mainly the spectroscopy ones: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Raman, and photoluminescence (PL). Compared to bulk ZnO electrodes the nanoscale ZnO electrodes revealed a dramatic increase of defect concentration. The surface defect plays a crucial role in the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor devices. Strong decreases in charge transfer resistance were observed for the smallest crystallite size which is 15 nm. This work also shows that synthesis, controlling the defect structures, electronic and electrical characterization and the device production are extremely important to obtain high performance faradaic asymmetric supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Toufani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yayla M, Cadirci E, Halici Z, Bakan F, Ay N, Demirci S, Karaman A, Sahin F. Regenerative Effect of Resorbable Scaffold Embedded Boron-Nitride/Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Rat Parietal Bone. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:680-691. [PMID: 31383063 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BN has important roles in several physiological events, including bone growth and immune system. New infection-free cranioplasty and has an osteogenic activities material that are compatible with tissue are being developed. We aimed in our study to examine whether different combinations of Boron-nitride/Hydroxyapatite are embedded into the scaffold in the treatment of calvarial defects. 200 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 10 equal groups. Osteotomy was made by trepan drill in 8 mm diameter. The scaffolds were placed in the rats and were left to recovery for 2 months. During the experiment, CT scans were taken from the calvarial areas of the rats in the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. Significant healing was observed in defect diameters in 2.5% BN+10% HA, 2.5% BN and 5% BN+10% HA, respectively. After 8 weeks, it was seen that the amounts of OPN, BMP-2, RunX2 and ALP mRNA expression significantly decreased in 2.5% BN+10% HA, 2.5% BN, 5% BN+10% HA and 5% BN groups. It was shown that bone recovery was at the best grade in the groups, which contained 2.5% BN and 2.5% BN+10% HA when compared to the other groups. BN is a very promising agent that will be used in reconstructive surgery for the treatment of calvarial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yayla
- Department of Pharmacology, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine 36210 Kars, Turkey
| | - Elif Cadirci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum-Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum-Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34100, Turkey
| | - Nuran Ay
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Anadolu University, 26150 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Selami Demirci
- Department of Moleculary Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Yeditepe University, 34100 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adem Karaman
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University 25240 Erzurum-Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Department of Moleculary Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Yeditepe University, 34100 Istanbul, Turkey
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Tuncer M, Bakan F, Hamedani AA, Hayat Soytas S, Gocmez H, Erdem E. Correction: Capacitive behaviour of nanocrystalline octacalcium phosphate (OCP) (Ca 8H 2(PO 4) 6·5H 2O) as an electrode material for supercapacitors: biosupercaps. Nanoscale 2019; 11:21008. [PMID: 31651017 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr90235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Capacitive behaviour of nanocrystalline octacalcium phosphate (OCP) (Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O) as an electrode material for supercapacitors: biosupercaps' by Mustafa Tuncer et al., Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 18375-18381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tuncer
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ansari Hamedani
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serap Hayat Soytas
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gocmez
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Emre Erdem
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey and Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Tuncer M, Bakan F, Gocmez H, Erdem E. Capacitive behaviour of nanocrystalline octacalcium phosphate (OCP) (Ca 8H 2(PO 4) 6·5H 2O) as an electrode material for supercapacitors: biosupercaps. Nanoscale 2019; 11:18375-18381. [PMID: 31573596 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is classified as a low-temperature phase of calcium phosphate (CaPs); it is a widely used ceramic material in biomedical applications. Interestingly, this study demonstrated the capacitive behavior of OCP as an electrode material in supercapacitors, alternatively named biosupercaps, for the first time in the literature. OCP powder was synthesized by solution precipitation at pH 5.5 at 60 °C in the presence of succinic acid. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) fully confirmed the OCP phase, with a crystallite size of around 40 nm, as calculated by the Scherrer equation. The FE-SEM micrographs of the OCP powder revealed plate-like morphology with a high surface area/thickness ratio. The surface widths of these layers ranged from about 2 to 100 microns, whereas the thickness of the layers was on the nanoscale (<100 nm). Raman spectroscopy was performed to confirm the microstructural formation of the OCP powder and electrodes according to the Raman spectra. Asymmetric and symmetric capacitors were prepared by various designs using OCP powder as a potential electrode material. The electrochemical performance of each biosupercap containing OCP was analyzed by a potentiostat in terms of current-voltage (CV) curves; each sample presented a typical pseudocapacitive behaviour. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of the OPC materials confirmed their significant capacitive performance, with up to 6 mA h g-1 specific capacity (SCp); this may be valuable for future medical electronics such as biocompatible energy storage and harvesting microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tuncer
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gocmez
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Emre Erdem
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey and Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Bakan F. A Systematic Study of the Effect of pH on the Initialization of Ca-deficient Hydroxyapatite to β-TCP Nanoparticles. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E354. [PMID: 30678124 PMCID: PMC6384749 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The formation of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles via a wet precipitation technique was studied in a systematical way, taking reaction pH and sintering temperature parameters into account. A full transformation of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) to β-TCP at 750 °C in under 3 hours from Ca++ and PO₄3- precursor solutions prepared under a pH of 5.5 was observed. For pH values higher than 6.5, CDHA can only partially transform into β-TCP and only at temperatures higher than 750 °C confirmed using X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The morphologies of the particles were also examined by Transmission electron microscopy. The lower temperatures and the shorter sintering time allow for a fine needle-like morphology, but with a high crystallinity, likely eliminating the possibility of excessive grain growth that is otherwise expected to occur under high-temperature treatment with long process times. We show that sintering of nanostructured, high crystallinity β-TCP at relatively low temperatures is possible via adjustment of the precursor solution parameters. Such an outcome is important for the use of β-TCP with a fine morphology imitating that of the skeletal tissues, enhancing the osteointegration of a base, load-bearing alloy to the host tissue. MTT analysis was used to test the effect of the obtained β-TCP particles on the viability of MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Bakan
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
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9
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Abstract
A synergistic drug combination has a higher efficacy compared to the effects of individual drugs. Checkerboard assays, where drugs are combined in many doses, allow sensitive measurement of drug interactions. However, these assays are costly and do not scale well for measuring interaction among many drugs. Several recent studies have reported drug interaction measurements using a diagonal sampling of the traditional checkerboard assay. This alternative methodology greatly decreases the cost of drug interaction experiments and allows interaction measurement for combinations with many drugs. Here, we describe a protocol to measure the three pairwise interactions and one three-way interaction among three antibiotics in duplicate, in five days, using only three 96-well microplates and standard laboratory equipment. We present representative results showing that the three-antibiotic combination of Levofloxacin + Nalidixic Acid + Penicillin G is synergistic. Our protocol scales up to measure interactions among many drugs and in other biological contexts, allowing for efficient screens for multi-drug synergies against pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feray Bakan
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University
| | - Selim Cetiner
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University
| | - Murat Cokol
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University; Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University; Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School;
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Kural Özgörüş N, Ünlü CH, Grupče O, Bakan F, Sezen M. Analysis of Deterioration Phenomena in a Koran by Nineteenth Century Ottoman Calligrapher Mehmed Şevki. Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/res-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA Koran written by Mehmed Şevki is the subject of this comparative analysis. This manuscript displayed an extensive degree of deterioration in 28 of the folios, while the rest of the manuscript is in considerably better condition. The aforementioned deteriorated sections of the book proved to be brittle and much darker in colour compared to the rest of this manuscript. The possible cause for this condition was ascertained using complementary techniques including the utilisation of micro-chemical (spot) tests, SEM-EDS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The Micro-chemical Herzberg test indicated rag fibres in the paper used for the Koran, while the Raspail test #1 revealed rosin only in the sizing material of the deteriorated folios. SEM-EDS identified the presence of iron in all layers of the deteriorated folios but not in the stable folios. These results led subsequently to the conclusion that the deterioration of the folios was in fact related to the acid-catalysed hydrolysis due mainly to the presence of rosin and oxidation processes promoted by iron ions. This finding was also supported by FTIR analysis. The analyses indicated that different sizing materials had been used in the papermaking process of the two types of folios. In addition, Raman, EDS and HPLC techniques were also applied for the characterization of the inks and dyes. The results showed that inks and dyes were consistent throughout the entire text, thus suggesting calligrapher Mehmed Şevki and illuminator Hüseyin processed the book continually. It is plausible that calligrapher Mehmed Şevki changed his paper supply during the writing process which is why today we see a variety of differences in the condition of the papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurçin Kural Özgörüş
- Sakıp Sabancı Museum, Emirgan Mahallesi, Sakıp Sabancı Cd. No.42, 34467 Sarıyer/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt H. Ünlü
- Istanbul Technical University, ITU Arts & Sciences Fac. Chemistry Dep. Maslak, Istanbul34469, Turkey
| | - Orhideja Grupče
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Ss Cyril and Methodius” University, Arhimedova 5, 1000Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Feray Bakan
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabancı University, Tuzla, 34956 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Sezen
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabancı University, Tuzla, 34956 İstanbul, Turkey
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Bakan F, Sezen M, Gecgin M, Goncu Y, Ay N. Structural and Chemical Analysis of Hydroxyapatite (HA)-Boron Nitride (BN) Nanocomposites Sintered Under Different Atmospheric Conditions. Microsc Microanal 2017; 23:891-899. [PMID: 28835297 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate derivatives have been widely employed in medical and dental applications for hard tissue repair, as they are the main inorganic constitution of hard tissue; such as bones and teeth. Owing to their excellent osteoconductive and bioactive properties, hydroxyapatite- (HA) based ceramics are the best candidates of this group for medical, bioscience, and dental applications. However, when replacing a bone or tooth, HA is not able to sustain similar mechanical properties. In this study, to improve the mechanical properties, nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride with different compositional percentages was added to the nano HA to form composites. The effect of compositional changes and sintering parameters on microstructural and morphological properties of the ceramic composites was comparatively investigated. Detailed chemical characterization of the composite materials was carried out using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, whereas scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy investigations were employed to monitor morphological and surface features. Additional transmission electron microscopy investigations were carried out to reveal the nanostructure and crystal structure of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Bakan
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Orhanlı, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Sezen
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Orhanlı, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Gecgin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anadolu University, 26000 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yapincak Goncu
- BORTEK Boron Technologies & Mechatronics Inc., 26110 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nuran Ay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anadolu University, 26000 Eskisehir, Turkey
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12
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Bakan F, Kara G, Cokol Cakmak M, Cokol M, Denkbas EB. Synthesis and characterization of amino acid-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:175-181. [PMID: 28689100 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are short nucleic acid fragments of about 20-27 nucleotides, which can inhibit the expression of specific genes. siRNA based RNAi technology has emerged as a promising method for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, a major limitation in the therapeutic use of siRNA is its rapid degradation in plasma and cellular cytoplasm, resulting in short half-life. In addition, as siRNA molecules cannot penetrate into the cell efficiently, it is required to use a carrier system for its delivery. In this work, chemically and morphologically different calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles, including spherical-like hydroxyapatite (HA-s), needle-like hydroxyapatite (HA-n) and calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel technique and the effects of particle characteristics on the binding capacity of siRNA were investigated. In order to enhance the gene loading efficiency, the nanoparticles were functionalized with arginine and the morphological and their structural characteristics were analyzed. The addition of arginine did not significantly change the particle sizes; however, it provided a significantly increased binding of siRNA for all types of CaP nanoparticles, as revealed by spectrophotometric measurements analysis. Arginine functionalized HA-n nanoparticles showed the best binding behavior with siRNA among the other nanoparticles due to its high, positive zeta potential (+18.8mV) and high surface area of Ca++ rich "c" plane. MTT cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that all the nanoparticles tested herein were biocompatible. Our results suggest that high siRNA entrapment in each of the three modified non-toxic CaP nanoparticles make them promising candidates as a non-viral vector for delivering therapeutic siRNA molecules to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Bakan
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Goknur Kara
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Cokol Cakmak
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Cokol
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emir Baki Denkbas
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Sonmez E, Cacciatore I, Bakan F, Turkez H, Mohtar YI, Togar B, Stefano AD. Toxicity assessment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in rat liver cell model in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1073-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115619770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) are widely used for preparations of biomedical and biotechnological fields such as drug delivery, gene therapy, and molecular imaging. However, the current toxicological knowledge about HAP NPs is relatively limited. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicity potentials of various concentrations (0–1000 µg cm−2) of HAP NPs in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed via scoring liver micronuclei rates and determining 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that the higher concentrations of dispersed HAP NPs (300, 500, and 1000 µg cm−2) decreased cell viability. Also, HAP NPs increased TOS (500 and 1000 µg cm−2) levels and decreased TAC (300, 500, and 1000 µg cm−2) levels in cultured hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the NPs as depending on dose caused significant increases of the number of micronucleated hepatocytes and 8-OH-dG levels as compared to control culture. Furthermore, the highest concentration of HAP NPs (1000 µg cm−2) exhibited cytotoxic activity. Based on these results, HAP NPs have a dose-dependent toxic effect in rat hepatocytes. Further extensive research in this field is promising and reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sonmez
- Department of Physics, Faculty of K. K. Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - I Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Bakan
- SUNUM, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Turkez
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - YI Mohtar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - AD Stefano
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Atila A, Halici Z, Cadirci E, Karakus E, Palabiyik SS, Ay N, Bakan F, Yilmaz S. Study of the boron levels in serum after implantation of different ratios nano-hexagonal boron nitride–hydroxy apatite in rat femurs. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 58:1082-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sezen M, Bakan F. Development of Functional Surfaces on High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) via Gas-Assisted Etching (GAE) Using Focused Ion Beams. Microsc Microanal 2015; 21:1379-1386. [PMID: 26650068 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation damage, caused by the use of beams in electron and ion microscopes, leads to undesired physical/chemical material property changes or uncontrollable modification of structures. Particularly, soft matter such as polymers or biological materials is highly susceptible and very much prone to react on electron/ion beam irradiation. Nevertheless, it is possible to turn degradation-dependent physical/chemical changes from negative to positive use when materials are intentionally exposed to beams. Especially, controllable surface modification allows tuning of surface properties for targeted purposes and thus provides the use of ultimate materials and their systems at the micro/nanoscale for creating functional surfaces. In this work, XeF2 and I2 gases were used in the focused ion beam scanning electron microscope instrument in combination with gallium ion etching of high-density polyethylene surfaces with different beam currents and accordingly different gas exposure times resulting at the same ion dose to optimize and develop new polymer surface properties and to create functional polymer surfaces. Alterations in the surface morphologies and surface chemistry due to gas-assisted etching-based nanostructuring with various processing parameters were tracked using high-resolution SEM imaging, complementary energy-dispersive spectroscopic analyses, and atomic force microscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Sezen
- Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM),34956 Orhanlı,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM),34956 Orhanlı,Istanbul,Turkey
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Yürüm A, Gürsel SA, Okan BS, Taralp A, Bakan F, Letofsky-Papst I, Yürüm Y. Size and Dispersion Control of Pt Nanoparticles Grown Upon Graphite-Derived Nanosheets. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.968714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Turkez H, Yousef MI, Sönmez E, Togar B, Bakan F, Sozio P, Stefano AD. Evaluation of cytotoxic, oxidative stress and genotoxic responses of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on human blood cells. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:373-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science; Erzurum Technical University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I. Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; 21526 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Erdal Sönmez
- Department of Physics, K. K. Education Faculty; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Başak Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Feray Bakan
- SUNUM; Sabanci University; Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Piera Sozio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università “G. D'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
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