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Goh Y, Balasundaram G, Tan HM, Putti TC, Renzhe B, Hartman M, Buhari SA, Ng CWQ, Lui SA, Fang E, Tian QS, Olivo M. Ultrasound-guided photoacoustic (US-PA) tomography of the breast: Biochemical differentiation using intrinsic tissue markers-lipids, collagen and hemoglobin with histopathologic correlation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18054. [PMID: 39103361 PMCID: PMC11300771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, we investigated the utility of handheld ultrasound-guided photoacoustic (US-PA) imaging probe for analyzing ex-vivo breast specimens obtained from female patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS). We aimed to assess the potential of US-PA in detecting biochemical markers such as collagen, lipids, and hemoglobin, and compare these findings with routine imaging modalities (mammography, ultrasound) and histopathology results, particularly across various breast densities. Twelve ex-vivo breast specimens were obtained from female patients with a mean age of 59.7 ± 9.5 years who underwent BCS. The tissues were illuminated using handheld US-PA probe between 700 and 1100 nm across all margins and analyzed for collagen, lipids, and hemoglobin distribution. The obtained results were compared with routine imaging and histopathological assessments. Our findings revealed that lipid intensity and distribution decreased with increasing breast density, while collagen exhibited an opposite trend. These observations were consistent with routine imaging and histopathological analyses. Moreover, collagen intensity significantly differed (P < 0.001) between cancerous and normal breast tissue, indicating its potential as an additional biomarker for risk stratification across various breast conditions. The study results suggest that a combined assessment of PA biochemical information, such as collagen and lipid content, superimposed on grey-scale ultrasound findings could aid in distinguishing between normal and malignant breast conditions, as well as assist in BCS margin assessment. This underscores the potential of US-PA imaging as a valuable tool for enhancing breast cancer diagnosis and management, offering complementary information to existing imaging modalities and histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggeng Goh
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ghayathri Balasundaram
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, 07-01, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bi Renzhe
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, 07-01, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Breast Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaik Ahmad Buhari
- Department of Breast Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Celene Wei Qi Ng
- Department of Breast Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Su Ann Lui
- Department of Breast Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eric Fang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Quek Swee Tian
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Malini Olivo
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, 07-01, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.
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Banasaz S, Ferraro V. Keratin from Animal By-Products: Structure, Characterization, Extraction and Application-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1999. [PMID: 39065316 PMCID: PMC11280741 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratin is a structural fibrous protein and the core constituent of animal by-products from livestock such as wool, feathers, hooves, horns, and pig bristles. This natural polymer is also the main component of human hair and is present at an important percentage in human and animal skin. Significant amounts of keratin-rich animal tissues are discarded worldwide each year, ca. 12 M tons, and the share used for keratin extraction and added-value applications is still very low. An important stream of new potential raw materials, represented by animal by-products and human hair, is thus being lost, while a large-scale valorization could contribute to a circular bioeconomy and to the reduction in the environmental fingerprint of those tissues. Fortunately, scientific research has made much important progress in the last 10-15 years in the better understanding of the complex keratin architecture and its variability among different animal tissues, in the development of tailored extraction processes, and in the screening of new potential applications. Hence, this review aims at a discussion of the recent findings in the characterization of keratin and keratin-rich animal by-product structures, as well as in keratin recovery by conventional and emerging techniques and advances in valorization in several fields.
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Haugen EJ, Locke AK, Correa H, Baba JS, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Hiremath G. Characterization of lamina propria remodeling in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis using second harmonic generation microscopy. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 9:10. [PMID: 38698908 PMCID: PMC11065090 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-024-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by an intense infiltration of eosinophils into the esophageal epithelium. When not adequately controlled, eosinophilic inflammation can lead to changes in components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lamina propria. Particularly, alterations to the collagen fiber matrix can lead to lamina propria fibrosis (LPF), which plays an important role in the fibrostenotic complications of EoE. Current approaches to assess LPF in EoE are prone to inter-observer inconsistencies and provide limited insight into the structural remodeling of the ECM. An objective approach to quantify LPF can eliminate inter-observer inconsistencies and provide novel insights into the fibrotic transformation of the lamina propria in EoE. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a powerful modality for objectively quantifying disease associated alterations in ECM collagen structure that is finding increasing use for clinical research. We used SHG with morphometric analysis (SHG-MA) to characterize lamina propria collagen fibers and ECM porosity in esophageal biopsies collected from children with active EoE (n = 11), inactive EoE (n = 11), and non-EoE (n = 11). The collagen fiber width quantified by SHG-MA correlated positively with peak eosinophil count (r = 0.65, p < 0.005) and histopathologist scoring of LPF (r = 0.52, p < 0.005) in the esophageal biopsies. Patients with active EoE had a significant enlargement of ECM pores compared to inactive EoE and non-EoE (p < 0.005), with the mean pore area correlating positively with EoE activity (r = 0.76, p < 0.005) and LPF severity (r = 0.65, p < 0.005). These results indicate that SHG-MA can be utilized to objectively characterize and provide novel insights into lamina propria ECM structural remodeling in children with EoE, which could aid in monitoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel J. Haugen
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea K. Locke
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hernán Correa
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 27232, USA
| | - Justin S. Baba
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Girish Hiremath
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Kok SD, Schaap PMR, van Dommelen L, van Huizen LMG, Dickhoff C, Dijkum EMNV, Engelsman AF, van der Valk P, Groot ML. Compact portable higher harmonic generation microscopy for the real time assessment of unprocessed thyroid tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300079. [PMID: 37725434 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
During thyroid surgery fast and reliable intra-operative pathological feedback has the potential to avoid a two-stage procedure and significantly reduce health care costs in patients undergoing a diagnostic hemithyroidectomy (HT). We explored higher harmonic generation (HHG) microscopy, which combines second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), and multiphoton excited autofluorescence (MPEF) for this purpose. With a compact, portable HHG microscope, images of freshly excised healthy tissue, benign nodules (follicular adenoma) and malignant tissue (papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma) were recorded. The images were generated on unprocessed tissue within minutes and show relevant morphological thyroid structures in good accordance with the histology images. The thyroid follicle architecture, cells, cell nuclei (THG), collagen organization (SHG) and the distribution of thyroglobulin and/or thyroid hormones T3 or T4 (MPEF) could be visualized. We conclude that SHG/THG/MPEF imaging is a promising tool for clinical intraoperative assessment of thyroid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kok
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, LaserLab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M Rodriguez Schaap
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L van Dommelen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M G van Huizen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, LaserLab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Dickhoff
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M Nieveen-van Dijkum
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A F Engelsman
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M L Groot
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, LaserLab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Markus MA, Ferrari DP, Alves F, Ramos-Gomes F. Effect of tissue fixation on the optical properties of structural components assessed by non-linear microscopy imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3988-4002. [PMID: 37799688 PMCID: PMC10549744 DOI: 10.1364/boe.488453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Fixation methods such as formalin are commonly used for the preservation of tissue with the aim of keeping their structure as close as possible to the native condition. However, fixatives chemically interact with tissue molecules, such as collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) or myosin, and may thus modify their structure. Taking advantage of the second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) emission capabilities of such components, we used nonlinear two-photon microscopy (NL2PM) to evaluate the effect that preservation methods, such as chemical fixatives, have on the nonlinear capabilities of protein components within mouse tissues. Our results show that depending on the preservation technique used, the nonlinear capabilities of collagen, lipid droplets and myosin microarchitecture are strongly affected. Parameters of collagen fibers, such as density and branch points, especially in collagen-sparse regions, e.g., in kidneys, were found to be altered upon formalin fixation. Moreover, cryo-freezing drastically reduced SHG signals from myosin. Our findings provide valuable information to select the best tissue fixation method for visualization and quantification of structural proteins, such as collagen and myosin by advanced NL2PM imaging techniques. This may advance the interpretation of the role these proteins play in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Andrea Markus
- Translational Molecular Imaging Group,
Max-Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniele P. Ferrari
- Translational Molecular Imaging Group,
Max-Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Translational Molecular Imaging Group,
Max-Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fernanda Ramos-Gomes
- Translational Molecular Imaging Group,
Max-Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Kučikas V, Werner MP, Schmitz-Rode T, Louradour F, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Two-Photon Endoscopy: State of the Art and Perspectives. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:3-17. [PMID: 34779969 PMCID: PMC9971078 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for non-destructive deep-tissue imaging modalities has led to interest in multiphoton endoscopy. In contrast to bench top systems, multiphoton endoscopy enables subcellular resolution imaging in areas not reachable before. Several groups have recently presented their development towards the goal of producing user friendly plug and play system, which could be used in biological research and, potentially, clinical applications. We first present the technological challenges, prerequisites, and solutions in two-photon endoscopic systems. Secondly, we focus on the applications already found in literature. These applications mostly serve as a quality check of the built system, but do not answer a specific biomedical research question. Therefore, in the last part, we will describe our vision on the enormous potential applicability of adult two-photon endoscopic systems in biological and clinical research. We will thus bring forward the concept that two-photon endoscopy is a sine qua non in bringing this technique to the forefront in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Kučikas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,XLIM Research Institute, Limoges University, CNRS, Limoges, France.
| | - Maximilian P Werner
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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7
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Mankar R, Gajjela CC, Shahraki FF, Prasad S, Mayerich D, Reddy R. Multi-modal image sharpening in fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy. Analyst 2021; 146:4822-4834. [PMID: 34198314 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mid-infrared Spectroscopic Imaging (MIRSI) provides spatially-resolved molecular specificity by measuring wavelength-dependent mid-infrared absorbance. Infrared microscopes use large numerical aperture objectives to obtain high-resolution images of heterogeneous samples. However, the optical resolution is fundamentally diffraction-limited, and therefore wavelength-dependent. This significantly limits resolution in infrared microscopy, which relies on long wavelengths (2.5 μm to 12.5 μm) for molecular specificity. The resolution is particularly restrictive in biomedical and materials applications, where molecular information is encoded in the fingerprint region (6 μm to 12 μm), limiting the maximum resolving power to between 3 μm and 6 μm. We present an unsupervised curvelet-based image fusion method that overcomes limitations in spatial resolution by augmenting infrared images with label-free visible microscopy. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by fusing images of breast and ovarian tumor biopsies acquired using both infrared and dark-field microscopy. The proposed fusion algorithm generates a hyperspectral dataset that has both high spatial resolution and good molecular contrast. We validate this technique using multiple standard approaches and through comparisons to super-resolved experimentally measured photothermal spectroscopic images. We also propose a novel comparison method based on tissue classification accuracy.
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Margarido AS, Bornes L, Vennin C, van Rheenen J. Cellular Plasticity during Metastasis: New Insights Provided by Intravital Microscopy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037267. [PMID: 31615867 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a highly dynamic process during which cancer and microenvironmental cells undergo a cascade of events required for efficient dissemination throughout the body. During the metastatic cascade, tumor cells can change their state and behavior, a phenomenon commonly defined as cellular plasticity. To monitor cellular plasticity during metastasis, high-resolution intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques have been developed and allow us to visualize individual cells by repeated imaging in animal models. In this review, we summarize the latest technological advancements in the field of IVM and how they have been applied to monitor metastatic events. In particular, we highlight how longitudinal imaging in native tissues can provide new insights into the plastic physiological and developmental processes that are hijacked by cancer cells during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Margarido
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bornes
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Vennin
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Huizen LMG, Radonic T, van Mourik F, Seinstra D, Dickhoff C, Daniels JMA, Bahce I, Annema JT, Groot ML. Compact portable multiphoton microscopy reveals histopathological hallmarks of unprocessed lung tumor tissue in real time. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 2:e202000009. [PMID: 34341777 PMCID: PMC8311669 DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During lung cancer operations a rapid and reliable assessment of tumor tissue can reduce operation time and potentially improve patient outcomes. We show that third harmonic generation (THG), second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited autofluorescence (2PEF) microscopy reveals relevant, histopathological information within seconds in fresh unprocessed human lung samples. We used a compact, portable microscope and recorded images within 1 to 3 seconds using a power of 5 mW. The generated THG/SHG/2PEF images of tumorous and nontumorous tissues are compared with the corresponding standard histology images, to identify alveolar structures and histopathological hallmarks. Cellular structures (tumor cells, macrophages and lymphocytes) (THG), collagen (SHG) and elastin (2PEF) are differentiated and allowed for rapid identification of carcinoid with solid growth pattern, minimally enlarged monomorphic cell nuclei with salt-and-pepper chromatin pattern, and adenocarcinoma with lipidic and micropapillary growth patterns. THG/SHG/2PEF imaging is thus a promising tool for clinical intraoperative assessment of lung tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. G. van Huizen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, LaserLabVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam Universities Medical Center/VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Danielle Seinstra
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam Universities Medical Center/VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Chris Dickhoff
- Department of SurgeryAmsterdam Universities Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Johannes M. A. Daniels
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesAmsterdam Universities Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesAmsterdam Universities Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Jouke T. Annema
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesAmsterdam Universities Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Marie Louise Groot
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, LaserLabVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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Boppart SA, You S, Li L, Chen J, Tu H. Simultaneous label-free autofluorescence-multiharmonic microscopy and beyond. APL PHOTONICS 2019; 4:100901. [PMID: 33585678 PMCID: PMC7880241 DOI: 10.1063/1.5098349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Without sophisticated data inversion algorithms, nonlinear optical microscopy can acquire images at subcellular resolution and relatively large depth, with plausible endogenous contrasts indicative of authentic biological and pathological states. Although independent contrasts have been derived by sequentially imaging the same sample plane or volume under different and often optimized excitation conditions, new laser source engineering with inputs from key biomolecules surprisingly enable real-time simultaneous acquisition of multiple endogenous molecular contrasts to segment a rich set of cellular and extracellular components. Since this development allows simple single-beam single-shot excitation and simultaneous multicontrast epidirected signal detection, the resulting platform avoids perturbative sample pretreatments such as fluorescent labeling, mechanical sectioning, scarce or interdependent contrast generation, constraints to the sample or imaging geometry, and intraimaging motion artifacts that have limited in vivo nonlinear optical molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Boppart
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sixian You
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Haohua Tu
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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