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Cheng J, Li L, Jin D, Zhang Y, Yu W, Yu J, Zou J, Dai Y, Zhu Y, Liu M, Zhang M, Sun Y, Liu Y, Chen X. A non-metal single atom nanozyme for cutting off the energy and reducing power of tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319982. [PMID: 38361437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes are considered safe and effective therapeutic tools for various diseases. With the increasing integration of biomedicine and nanotechnology, artificial nanozymes offer advanced controllability and functionality in medical design. However, several notable gaps, such as catalytic diversity, specificity and biosafety, still exist between nanozymes and their native counterparts. Here we report a non-metal single-selenium (Se)-atom nanozyme (SeSAE), which exhibits potent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-mimetic activity. This novel single atom nanozyme provides a safe alternative to conventional metal-based catalysts and effectively cuts off the cellular energy and reduction equivalents through its distinctive catalytic function in tumors. In this study, we have demonstrated the substantial efficacy of SeSAE as an antitumor nanomedicine across diverse mouse models without discernible systemic adverse effects. The mechanism of the NADPH oxidase-like activity of the non-metal SeSAE was rationalized by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, comprehensive elucidation of the biological functions, cell death pathways, and metabolic remodeling effects of the nanozyme was conducted, aiming to provide valuable insights into the development of single atom nanozymes with clinical translation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Duo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Biobank, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, China
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Manman Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Miya Zhang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yongfu Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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2
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Murugesan SN, Tian S, Monteiro A. Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Dark-Branded Bushbrown Butterfly Mycalesis mineus (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae051. [PMID: 38505885 PMCID: PMC10972688 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a high-quality genome draft assembly of the dark-branded bushbrown, Mycalesis mineus, a member of the Satyrinae subfamily of nymphalid butterflies. This species is emerging as a promising model organism for investigating the evolution and development of phenotypic plasticity. Using 45.99 Gb of long-read data (N50 = 11.11 kb), we assembled a genome size of 497.4 Mb for M. mineus. The assembly is highly contiguous and nearly complete (96.8% of Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs lepidopteran genes were complete and single copy). The genome comprises 38.71% of repetitive elements and includes 20,967 predicted protein-coding genes. The assembled genome was super-scaffolded into 28 pseudo-chromosomes using a closely related species, Bicyclus anynana, with a chromosomal-level genome as a template. This valuable genomic tool will advance both ongoing and future research focused on this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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3
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Duong NT, Shi Y, Li S, Chien YC, Xiang H, Zheng H, Li P, Li L, Wu Y, Ang KW. Coupled Ferroelectric-Photonic Memory in a Retinomorphic Hardware for In-Sensor Computing. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2303447. [PMID: 38234245 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of all-in-one devices for artificial visual systems offers an attractive solution in terms of energy efficiency and real-time processing speed. In recent years, the proliferation of smart sensors in the growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) has led to the increasing importance of in-sensor computing technology, which places computational power at the edge of the data-flow architecture. In this study, a prototype visual sensor inspired by the human retina is proposed, which integrates ferroelectricity and photosensitivity in two-dimensional (2D) α-In2Se3 material. This device mimics the functions of photoreceptors and amacrine cells in the retina, performing optical reception and memory computation functions through the use of electrical switching polarization in the channel. The gate-tunable linearity of excitatory and inhibitory functions in photon-induced short-term plasticity enables to encode and classify 12 000 images in the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset with remarkable accuracy, achieving ≈94%. Additionally, in-sensor convolution image processing through a network of phototransistors, with five convolutional kernels electrically pre-programmed into the transistors is demonstrated. The convoluted photocurrent matrices undergo straightforward arithmetic calculations to produce edge and feature-enhanced scenarios. The findings demonstrate the potential of ferroelectric α-In2Se3 for highly compact and efficient retinomorphic hardware implementation, regardless of ambipolar transport in the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thanh Duong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Sifan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chieh Chien
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Heng Xiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Haofei Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Peiyang Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Lingqi Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yangwu Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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4
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Wang J, Ilyas N, Ren Y, Ji Y, Li S, Li C, Liu F, Gu D, Ang KW. Technology and Integration Roadmap for Optoelectronic Memristor. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307393. [PMID: 37739413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic memristors (OMs) have emerged as a promising optoelectronic Neuromorphic computing paradigm, opening up new opportunities for neurosynaptic devices and optoelectronic systems. These OMs possess a range of desirable features including minimal crosstalk, high bandwidth, low power consumption, zero latency, and the ability to replicate crucial neurological functions such as vision and optical memory. By incorporating large-scale parallel synaptic structures, OMs are anticipated to greatly enhance high-performance and low-power in-memory computing, effectively overcoming the limitations of the von Neumann bottleneck. However, progress in this field necessitates a comprehensive understanding of suitable structures and techniques for integrating low-dimensional materials into optoelectronic integrated circuit platforms. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the fundamental performance, mechanisms, design of structures, applications, and integration roadmap of optoelectronic synaptic memristors. By establishing connections between materials, multilayer optoelectronic memristor units, and monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits, this review seeks to provide insights into emerging technologies and future prospects that are expected to drive innovation and widespread adoption in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Nasir Ilyas
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Sifan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Changcun Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Fucai Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Deen Gu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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5
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Grebenchuk S, McKeever C, Grzeszczyk M, Chen Z, Šiškins M, McCray ARC, Li Y, Petford-Long AK, Phatak CM, Ruihuan D, Zheng L, Novoselov KS, Santos EJG, Koperski M. Topological Spin Textures in an Insulating van der Waals Ferromagnet. Adv Mater 2024:e2311949. [PMID: 38306214 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Generation and control of topological spin textures constitutes one of the most exciting challenges of modern spintronics given their potential applications in information storage technologies. Of particular interest are magnetic insulators, which due to low damping, absence of Joule heating and reduced dissipation can provide energy-efficient spin-textures platform. Here, it is demonstrated that the interplay between sample thickness, external magnetic fields, and optical excitations can generate a prolific paramount of spin textures, and their coexistence in insulating CrBr3 van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets. Using high-resolution magnetic force microscopy and large-scale micromagnetic simulation methods, the existence of a large region in T-B phase diagram is demonstrated where different stripe domains, skyrmion crystals, and magnetic domains exist and can be intrinsically selected or transformed to each-other via a phase-switch mechanism. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy unveils the mixed chirality of the magnetic textures that are of Bloch-type at given conditions but can be further manipulated into Néel-type or hybrid-type via thickness-engineering. The topological phase transformation between the different magnetic objects can be further inspected by standard photoluminescence optical probes resolved by circular polarization indicative of an existence of exciton-skyrmion coupling mechanism. The findings identify vdW magnetic insulators as a promising framework of materials for the manipulation and generation of highly ordered skyrmion lattices relevant for device integration at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Grebenchuk
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Conor McKeever
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Magdalena Grzeszczyk
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Arthur R C McCray
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Amanda K Petford-Long
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Charudatta M Phatak
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Duan Ruihuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liu Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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6
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Chen X, Xu X, Cheng Y, Liu H, Li D, Da Y, Li Y, Liu D, Chen W. Achieving High-Performance Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation on Ni(OH) 2 with Optimized Intermediate Binding Energy Enabled by S-Doping and CeO 2 -Interfacing. Small 2024; 20:e2303169. [PMID: 37817375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption energy of the reaction intermediates has a crucial influence on the electrocatalytic activity. Ni-based materials possess high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in alkaline, however too strong binding of *OH and high energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS) severely limit their OER activity. Herein, a facile strategy is shown to fabricate novel vertical nanorod-like arrays hybrid structure with the interface contact of S-doped Ni(OH)2 and CeO2 in situ grown on Ni foam (S-Ni(OH)2 /CeO2 /NF) through a one-pot route. The alcohol molecules oxidation reaction experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that S-doping and CeO2 -interfacing significantly modulate the binding energies of OER intermediates toward optimal value and reduce the energy barrier of the RDS, contributing to remarkable OER activity for S-Ni(OH)2 /CeO2 /NF with an ultralow overpotential of 196 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and long-term durability over 150 h for the OER. This work offers an efficient doping and interfacing strategy to tune the binding energy of the OER intermediates for obtaining high-performance electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinyue Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Da
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongtao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
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7
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Weng Z, Zheng H, Li L, Lei W, Jiang H, Ang KW, Zhao Z. Reliable Memristor Crossbar Array Based on 2D Layered Nickel Phosphorus Trisulfide for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Hardware. Small 2024; 20:e2304518. [PMID: 37752744 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Designing reliable and energy-efficient memristors for artificial synaptic arrays in neuromorphic computing beyond von Neumann architecture remains a challenge. Here, memristors based on emerging layered nickel phosphorus trisulfide (NiPS3 ) are reported that exhibit several favorable characteristics, including uniform bipolar nonvolatile switching with small operating voltage (<1 V), fast switching speed (< 20 ns), high On/Off ratio (>102 ), and the ability to achieve programmable multilevel resistance states. Through direct experimental evidence using transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it is revealed that the resistive switching mechanism in the Ti/NiPS3 /Au device is related to the formation and dissolution of Ti conductive filaments. Intriguingly, further investigation into the microstructural and chemical properties of NiPS3 suggests that the penetration of Ti ions is accompanied by the drift of phosphorus-sulfur ions, leading to induced P/S vacancies that facilitate the formation of conductive filaments. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the memristor, when operating in quasi-reset mode, effectively emulates long-term synaptic weight plasticity. By utilizing a crossbar array, multipattern memorization and multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations are successfully implemented. Moreover, owing to the highly linear and symmetric multiple conductance states, a high pattern recognition accuracy of ≈96.4% is demonstrated in artificial neural network simulation for neuromorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjin Weng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Haofei Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Lingqi Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Wei Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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8
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Song G, Li C, Wang T, Lim KH, Hu F, Cheng S, Hondo E, Liu S, Kawi S. Hierarchical Hollow Carbon Particles with Encapsulation of Carbon Nanotubes for High Performance Supercapacitors. Small 2024; 20:e2305517. [PMID: 37670220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel and sustainable carbon-based material, referred to as hollow porous carbon particles encapsulating multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (CNTs@HPC), is synthesized for use in supercapacitors. The synthesis process involves utilizing LTA zeolite as a rigid template and dopamine hydrochloride (DA) as the carbon source, along with catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) to simultaneously produce MWCNTs and COx -free H2 . The findings reveal a distinctive hierarchical porous structure, comprising macropores, mesopores, and micropores, resulting in a total specific surface area (SSA) of 913 m2 g-1 . The optimal CNTs@HPC demonstrates a specific capacitance of 306 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 . Moreover, this material demonstrates an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) that surpasses conventional capabilities by exhibiting additional pseudocapacitance characteristics. These properties are attributed to redox reactions facilitated by the increased charge density resulting from the attraction of ions to nickel oxides, which is made possible by the material's enhanced hydrophilicity. The heightened hydrophilicity can be attributed to the presence of residual silicon-aluminum elements in CNTs@HPC, a direct outcome of the unique synthesis approach involving nickel phyllosilicate in CDM. As a result of this synthesis strategy, the material possesses excellent conductivity, enabling rapid transportation of electrolyte ions and delivering outstanding capacitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Song
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550003, China
| | - Claudia Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Kang Hui Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Feiyang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Emmerson Hondo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Shaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Sibudjing Kawi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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9
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Sieh K, Schonwalder Angel D, Herrin J, Jicha B, Singer B, Sihavong V, Wiwegwin W, Wong N, Quah JY. Proximal ejecta of the Bolaven extraterrestrial impact, southern Laos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310351120. [PMID: 38048466 PMCID: PMC10723122 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310351120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sediments in southern Laos and eastern Thailand confirm that the Australasian tektite strewn field came from an extraterrestrial impact crater on the Bolaven Plateau of southern Laos. The principal evidence is the Bolaven diamicton, a pebbly to bouldery breccia that is thickest and coarsest on the plateau. Tektites, the melted target material strewn widely by the forces of the impact 789.0 ± 1.8 ka ago, lie either within the uppermost part of the diamicton or atop it. On the flanks of the plateau, the basal diamicton often contains clasts from preimpact lavas and gravels and sometimes mantles broken Mesozoic bedrock. Locally, its upper portions contain unweathered boulders of basalt or sandstone. Its sharp upper contact with a thick sandy silt implies that the two beds formed in rapid succession. These characteristics of the Bolaven diamicton show that it resulted primarily from the excavation, comminution, and launch of sandstone and weathered basaltic lavas from a crater on the Bolaven Plateau, and entrained other materials while in transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Sieh
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei10619, Taiwan
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Dayana Schonwalder Angel
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Escuela de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra. 27 #9 Ciudad Universitaria, BucaramangaCP 680002, Colombia
| | - Jason Herrin
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Facility for Analysis Characterisation Testing Simulation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Brian Jicha
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Brad Singer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Vanpheng Sihavong
- Department of Geology and Mines, Ministry of Energy and Mines, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Weerachat Wiwegwin
- Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok10400, Thailand
| | - Nathanael Wong
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Jia Yong Quah
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Verisk, Extreme Event Solutions, Singapore049481, Singapore
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10
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Sun J, Liu B, Zhao Q, Kirk CH, Wang J. MAX, MXene, or MX: What Are They and Which One Is Better? Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2306072. [PMID: 37875430 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The fast ever-growing interest in transition metal carbonitrides (MXenes) for energy and catalysis is undermined by the undesirable multi-surficial terminations, which severely limit their applications. In contrast, considering the intriguing and tunable electronic structure, rich surface active sites, and high thermal durability, termination-free MXene (MX) hosts a huge possibility for catalysis. As such, recent advances in the evolution from MAX to MXene, and then to MX are overviewed and compared briefly, before concentrating on the unique future of MX in multi-heterogeneous catalysis. This work also looks beyond the fundamental properties of MX and discusses the potential of such materials for applications in multi-electron redox reactions. It is convinced that the potential success of MX in future catalysis is promising. Further extension toward high entropy and single-atom modifications will consolidate the leading position of MX in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Binbin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Chin Ho Kirk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Chongqing, 401123, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang K, Li W, Li H, Luo Y, Li Z, Wang X, Chen X. A Leaf-Patchable Reflectance Meter for In Situ Continuous Monitoring of Chlorophyll Content. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2305552. [PMID: 37797172 PMCID: PMC10724420 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant wearable sensors facilitate the real-time monitoring of plant physiological status. In situ monitoring of the plant chlorophyll content over days can provide valuable information on the photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen content, and general plant health. However, it cannot be achieved by current chlorophyll measuring methods. Here, a miniaturized and plant-wearable chlorophyll meter for rapid, non-destructive, in situ, and long-term chlorophyll monitoring is developed. The reflectance-based chlorophyll sensor with 1.5 mm thickness and 0.2 g weight (1000 times lighter than the commercial chlorophyll meter), includes a light emitting diode (LED) and two symmetric photodetectors (PDs) on a flexible substrate, and is patched onto the leaf upper epidermis with a conformal light guiding layer. A chlorophyll content index (CCI) calculated based on the sensor shows a better linear relationship with the leaf chlorophyll content (r2 > 0.9) than the traditional chlorophyll meter. This meter can wirelessly communicate with a smartphone to monitor the leaf chlorophyll change under various stresses and indicate the unhealthy status of plants for long-term application of plants under various stresses earlier than chlorophyll meter and naked-eye observation. This wearable chlorophyll sensing patch is promising in smart and precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Zhang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Republic of Singapore
| | - Wenlong Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Haicheng Li
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Republic of Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08‐03Singapore138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Zheng Li
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Republic of Singapore
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12
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Chien YC, Xiang H, Wang J, Shi Y, Fong X, Ang KW. Attack Resilient True Random Number Generators Using Ferroelectric-Enhanced Stochasticity in 2D Transistor. Small 2023; 19:e2302842. [PMID: 37194958 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
By harnessing the physically unclonable properties, true random number generators (TRNGs) offer significant promises to alleviate security concerns by generating random bitstreams that are cryptographically secured. However, fundamental challenges remain as conventional hardware often requires complex circuitry design, showing a predictable pattern that is susceptible to machine learning attacks. Here, a low-power self-corrected TRNG is presented by exploiting the stochastic ferroelectric switching and charge trapping in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FET) based on hafnium oxide complex. The proposed TRNG exhibits enhanced stochastic variability with near-ideal entropy of ≈1.0, Hamming distance of ≈50%, independent autocorrelation function, and reliable endurance cycle against temperature variations. Furthermore, its unpredictable feature is systematically examined by machine learning attacks, namely the predictive regression model and the long-short-term-memory (LSTM) approach, where nondeterministic predictions can be concluded. Moreover, the generated cryptographic keys from the circuitry successfully pass the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-20 statistical test suite. The potential of integrating ferroelectric and 2D materials is highlighted for advanced data encryption, offering a novel alternative to generate truly random numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chien
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Heng Xiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jianze Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yufei Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xuanyao Fong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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13
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Tay IR, Xue J, Lee WSV. Methods for Characterizing Intercalation in Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery Cathodes: A Review. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303211. [PMID: 37424052 PMCID: PMC10502642 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc ion batteries have gained research attention as a safer, economical and more environmentally friendly alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Similar to lithium batteries, intercalation processes play an important role in the charge storage behaviour of aqueous zinc ion batteries, with the pre-intercalation of guest species in the cathode being also employed as a strategy to improve battery performance. In view of this, proving hypothesized mechanisms of intercalation, as well as rigorously characterizing intercalation processes in aqueous zinc ion batteries is crucial to achieve advances in battery performance. This review aims to evaluate the range of techniques commonly used to characterize intercalation in aqueous zinc ion battery cathodes, providing a perspective on the approaches that can be utilized to rigorously understand such intercalation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Rongde Tay
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore. Block E3A #03‐147 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Junmin Xue
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore. Block E3A #03‐147 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Wee Siang Vincent Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore. Block E3A #03‐147 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
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14
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Bark H, Thangavel G, Liu RJ, Chua DHC, Lee PS. Effective Surface Modification of 2D MXene toward Thermal Energy Conversion and Management. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2300077. [PMID: 37069766 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal energy management is a crucial aspect of many research developments, such as hybrid and soft electronics, aerospace, and electric vehicles. The selection of materials is of critical importance in these applications to manage thermal energy effectively. From this perspective, MXene, a new type of 2D material, has attracted considerable attention in thermal energy management, including thermal conduction and conversion, owing to its unique electrical and thermal properties. However, tailored surface modification of 2D MXenes is required to meet the application requirements or overcome specific limitations. Herein, a comprehensive review of surface modification of 2D MXenes for thermal energy management is discussed. First, this work discusses the current progress in the surface modification of 2D MXenes, including termination with functional groups, small-molecule organic compound functionalization, and polymer modification and composites. Subsequently, an in situ analysis of surface-modified 2D MXenes is presented. This is followed by an overview of the recent progress in the thermal energy management of 2D MXenes and their composites, such as Joule heating, heat dissipation, thermoelectric energy conversion, and photothermal conversion. Finally, some challenges facing the application of 2D MXenes are discussed, and an outlook on surface-modified 2D MXenes is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gurunathan Thangavel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Rui Jun Liu
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Daniel H C Chua
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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15
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Zheng XT, Yang Z, Sutarlie L, Thangaveloo M, Yu Y, Salleh NABM, Chin JS, Xiong Z, Becker DL, Loh XJ, Tee BCK, Su X. Battery-free and AI-enabled multiplexed sensor patches for wound monitoring. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg6670. [PMID: 37327328 PMCID: PMC10275586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic process with multiple phases. Rapid profiling and quantitative characterization of inflammation and infection remain challenging. We report a paper-like battery-free in situ AI-enabled multiplexed (PETAL) sensor for holistic wound assessment by leveraging deep learning algorithms. This sensor consists of a wax-printed paper panel with five colorimetric sensors for temperature, pH, trimethylamine, uric acid, and moisture. Sensor images captured by a mobile phone were analyzed by neural network-based machine learning algorithms to determine healing status. For ex situ detection via exudates collected from rat perturbed wounds and burn wounds, the PETAL sensor can classify healing versus nonhealing status with an accuracy as high as 97%. With the sensor patches attached on rat burn wound models, in situ monitoring of wound progression or severity is demonstrated. This PETAL sensor allows early warning of adverse events, which could trigger immediate clinical intervention to facilitate wound care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Moogaambikai Thangaveloo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Republic of Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nur Asinah Binte Mohamed Salleh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiah Shin Chin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Republic of Singapore
- A*Star Skin Research Laboratory (ASRL), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ze Xiong
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
- Wireless and Smart Bioelectronics Lab, School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - David Lawrence Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Republic of Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Benjamin C. K. Tee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive. #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E4, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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16
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Lam HY, Tergaonkar V, Kumar AP, Ahn KS. Mast cells: Therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and beyond. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1278-1292. [PMID: 34467628 PMCID: PMC8652840 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that widely distribute throughout all tissues and express a variety of cell surface receptors. Upon activation, MCs can rapidly release a diverse array of preformed mediators residing within their secretory granules and newly synthesize a broad spectrum of inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. These unique features of MCs enable them to act as sentinels in response to rapid changes within their microenvironment. There is increasing evidence now that MCs play prominent roles in other pathophysiological processes besides allergic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on the emerging roles of MCs in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and discuss the potential of MCs as novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and other non-allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yan Lam
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Laboratory of NF‐κB SignalingInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF‐κB SignalingInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University Cancer InstituteNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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17
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Loo SY, Toh LP, Xie WH, Pathak E, Tan W, Ma S, Lee MY, Shatishwaran S, Yeo JZZ, Yuan J, Ho YY, Peh EKL, Muniandy M, Torta F, Chan J, Tan TJ, Sim Y, Tan V, Tan B, Madhukumar P, Yong WS, Ong KW, Wong CY, Tan PH, Yap YS, Deng LW, Dent R, Foo R, Wenk MR, Lee SC, Ho YS, Lim EH, Tam WL. Fatty acid oxidation is a druggable gateway regulating cellular plasticity for driving metastasis in breast cancer. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabh2443. [PMID: 34613780 PMCID: PMC8494440 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell state transitions control the functional behavior of cancer cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers cancer stem cell-like properties, enhanced tumorigenicity and drug resistance to tumor cells, while mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) reverses these phenotypes. Using high-throughput chemical library screens, retinoids are found to be potent promoters of MET that inhibit tumorigenicity in basal-like breast cancer. Cell state transitions are defined by reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Retinoids bind cognate nuclear receptors, which target lipid metabolism genes, thereby redirecting fatty acids for β-oxidation in the mesenchymal cell state towards lipid storage in the epithelial cell state. Disruptions of key metabolic enzymes mediating this flux inhibit MET. Conversely, perturbations to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rechannel fatty acid flux and promote a more epithelial cell phenotype, blocking EMT-driven breast cancer metastasis in animal models. FAO impinges on the epigenetic control of EMT through acetyl-CoA-dependent regulation of histone acetylation on EMT genes, thus determining cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Yue Loo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Li Ping Toh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - William Haowei Xie
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Elina Pathak
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Wilson Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Siming Ma
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - May Yin Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - S. Shatishwaran
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Joanna Zhen Zhen Yeo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Ju Yuan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Yin Ying Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Esther Kai Lay Peh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Magendran Muniandy
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jack Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Tira J. Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yirong Sim
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Veronique Tan
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Benita Tan
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Preetha Madhukumar
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Wei Sean Yong
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Kong Wee Ong
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Chow Yin Wong
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Rd., Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yoon Sim Yap
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Dent
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Roger Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Elaine Hsuen Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (E.H.L.); (W.L.T.)
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (E.H.L.); (W.L.T.)
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18
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Ng LHX, Loke JY. Analyzing Public Opinion and Misinformation in a COVID-19 Telegram Group Chat. IEEE Internet Comput 2021; 25:84-91. [PMID: 35938074 PMCID: PMC9280806 DOI: 10.1109/mic.2020.3040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We analyze a Singapore-based COVID-19 Telegram group with more than 10000 participants. First, we study the group's opinion over time, focusing on five dimensions: participation, sentiment, negative emotions, topics, and message types. We find that participation peaked when the Ministry of Health raised the disease alert level, but this engagement was not sustained. Second, we investigate the prevalence of, and reactions to, authority-identified misinformation in the group. We find that authority-identified misinformation is rare, and that participants affirm, deny, and question misinformation. Third, we explore searching for user skepticism as one strategy for identifying misinformation, finding misinformation not previously identified by authorities.
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Bertoletti A, Tan AT, Le Bert N. The T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2: kinetic and quantitative aspects and the case for their protective role. Oxf Open Immunol 2021; 2:iqab006. [PMID: 38626271 PMCID: PMC7928654 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19), triggers an adaptive immunity in the infected host that results in the production of virus-specific antibodies and T cells. Although kinetic and quantitative aspects of antibodies have been analyzed in large patient cohorts, similar information about SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are scarce. We summarize the available knowledge of quantitative and temporal features of the SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in this review. Currently, most of the data are derived only from the analysis of the circulatory compartment. Despite this limitation, early appearance, multi-specificity and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are associated with accelerated viral clearance and with protection from severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Anthony T Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Yap WS, Shyu P, Gaspar ML, Jesch SA, Marvalim C, Prinz WA, Henry SA, Thibault G. The yeast FIT2 homologs are necessary to maintain cellular proteostasis and membrane lipid homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs248526. [PMID: 33033181 PMCID: PMC7657468 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are implicated in conditions of lipid and protein dysregulation. The fat storage-inducing transmembrane (FIT; also known as FITM) family induces LD formation. Here, we establish a model system to study the role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FIT homologues (ScFIT), SCS3 and YFT2, in the proteostasis and stress response pathways. While LD biogenesis and basal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) remain unaltered in ScFIT mutants, SCS3 was found to be essential for proper stress-induced UPR activation and for viability in the absence of the sole yeast UPR transducer IRE1 Owing to not having a functional UPR, cells with mutated SCS3 exhibited an accumulation of triacylglycerol within the ER along with aberrant LD morphology, suggesting that there is a UPR-dependent compensatory mechanism that acts to mitigate lack of SCS3 Additionally, SCS3 was necessary to maintain phospholipid homeostasis. Strikingly, global protein ubiquitylation and the turnover of both ER and cytoplasmic misfolded proteins is impaired in ScFITΔ cells, while a screen for interacting partners of Scs3 identifies components of the proteostatic machinery as putative targets. Together, our data support a model where ScFITs play an important role in lipid metabolism and proteostasis beyond their defined roles in LD biogenesis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sheng Yap
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551
| | - Peter Shyu
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551
| | - Maria Laura Gaspar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stephen A Jesch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Charlie Marvalim
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551
| | - William A Prinz
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan A Henry
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673
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Teo SHC, Wu JP, Mok CK, Tan YJ. A NS1-binding monoclonal antibody interacts with two residues that are highly conserved in seasonal as well as newly emerged influenza A virus. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5370084. [PMID: 30839053 PMCID: PMC7273928 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus (IAV) is a multifunctional protein that antagonizes host antiviral responses, modulating virus pathogenesis. As such, it serves as a good target for research and diagnostic assay development. In this study, we have generated a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) 19H9 and epitope mapping revealed that two residues, P85 and Y89, of NS1 are essential for interacting with this mAb. Furthermore, residues P85 and Y89 are found to be highly conserved across different IAV subtypes, namely seasonal H1N1 and H3N2, as well as the highly pathogenic H5N1 and H5N6 avian strains. Indeed, mAb 19H9 exhibits broad cross-reactivity with IAV strains of different subtypes. The binding of mAb 19H9 to residue Y89 was further confirmed by the abrogation of interaction between NS1 and p85β. Additionally, mAb 19H9 also detected NS1 proteins expressed in IAV-infected cells, showing NS1 intracellular localization in the cytoplasm and nucleolus. To our knowledge, mAb 19H9 is the first murine mAb to bind at the juxtaposition between the N-terminal RNA-binding domain and C-terminal effector domain of NS1. It could serve as a useful research tool for studying the conformational plasticity and dynamic changes in NS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hui Catherine Teo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545
| | - Jian-Ping Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545
| | - Chee-Keng Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673
- Correspondence author: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545. Tel: +65 65163692; E-mail:
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Lin G, Chua E, Orban L, Yue GH. Mapping QTL for Sex and Growth Traits in Salt-Tolerant Tilapia (Oreochromis spp. X O. mossambicus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166723. [PMID: 27870905 PMCID: PMC5117716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquaculture, growth and sex are economically important traits. To accelerate genetic improvement in increasing growth in salt-tolerant tilapia, we conducted QTL mapping for growth traits and sex with an F2 family, including 522 offspring and two parents. We used 144 polymorphic microsatellites evenly covering the genome of tilapia to genotype the family. QTL analyses were carried out using interval mapping for all individuals, males and females in the family, respectively. Using all individuals, three suggestive QTL for body weight, body length and body thickness respectively were detected in LG20, LG22 and LG12 and explained 2.4% to 3.1% of phenotypic variance (PV). When considering only males, five QTL for body weight were detected on five LGs, and explained 4.1 to 6.3% of PV. Using only females from the F2 family, three QTL for body weight were detected on LG1, LG6 and LG8, and explained 7.9-14.3% of PV. The QTL for body weight in males and females were located in different LGs, suggesting that in salt-tolerant tilapia, different set of genes 'switches' control the growth in males and females. QTL for sex were mapped on LG1 and LG22, indicating multigene sex determination in the salt-tolerant tilapia. This study provides new insights on the locations and effects of QTL for growth traits and sex, and sets the foundation for fine mapping for future marker-assisted selection for growth and sex in salt-tolerant tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Elaine Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Laszlo Orban
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Animal Sciences and Breeding, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Deák Ferenc utca 16, H-8230 Keszthely, Hungary
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150 Australia
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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