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Gupta T, Ghosh SB, Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh S, Sain M. Is it possible to 3D bioprint load-bearing bone implants? A critical review. Biofabrication 2023; 15:042003. [PMID: 37669643 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acf6e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitative capabilities of any tissue engineered scaffold rely primarily on the triad of (i) biomechanical properties such as mechanical properties and architecture, (ii) chemical behavior such as regulation of cytokine expression, and (iii) cellular response modulation (including their recruitment and differentiation). The closer the implant can mimic the native tissue, the better it can rehabilitate the damage therein. Among the available fabrication techniques, only 3D bioprinting (3DBP) can satisfactorily replicate the inherent heterogeneity of the host tissue. However, 3DBP scaffolds typically suffer from poor mechanical properties, thereby, driving the increased research interest in development of load-bearing 3DBP orthopedic scaffolds in recent years. Typically, these scaffolds involve multi-material 3D printing, comprising of at-least one bioink and a load-bearing ink; such that mechanical and biological requirements of the biomaterials are decoupled. Ensuring high cellular survivability and good mechanical properties are of key concerns in all these studies. 3DBP of such scaffolds is in early developmental stages, and research data from only a handful of preliminary animal studies are available, owing to limitations in print-capabilities and restrictive materials library. This article presents a topically focused review of the state-of-the-art, while highlighting aspects like available 3DBP techniques; biomaterials' printability; mechanical and degradation behavior; and their overall bone-tissue rehabilitative efficacy. This collection amalgamates and critically analyses the research aimed at 3DBP of load-bearing scaffolds for fulfilling demands of personalized-medicine. We highlight the recent-advances in 3DBP techniques employing thermoplastics and phosphate-cements for load-bearing applications. Finally, we provide an outlook for possible future perspectives of 3DBP for load-bearing orthopedic applications. Overall, the article creates ample foundation for future research, as it gathers the latest and ongoing research that scientists could utilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Gupta
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Subrata Bandhu Ghosh
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohini Sain
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Qiu M, Li C, Cai Z, Li C, Yang K, Tulufu N, Chen B, Cheng L, Zhuang C, Liu Z, Qi J, Cui W, Deng L. 3D Biomimetic Calcified Cartilaginous Callus that Induces Type H Vessels Formation and Osteoclastogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207089. [PMID: 36999832 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a calcified cartilaginous callus (CACC) is crucial during bone repair. CACC can stimulate the invasion of type H vessels into the callus to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis, induce osteoclastogenesis to resorb the calcified matrix, and promote osteoclast secretion of factors to enhance osteogenesis, ultimately achieving the replacement of cartilage with bone. In this study, a porous polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite-iminodiacetic acid-deferoxamine (PCL/HA-SF-DFO) 3D biomimetic CACC is developed using 3D printing. The porous structure can mimic the pores formed by the matrix metalloproteinase degradation of the cartilaginous matrix, HA-containing PCL can mimic the calcified cartilaginous matrix, and SF anchors DFO onto HA for the slow release of DFO. The in vitro results show that the scaffold significantly enhances angiogenesis, promotes osteoclastogenesis and resorption by osteoclasts, and enhances the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells by promoting collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 expression by osteoclasts. The in vivo results show that the scaffold significantly promotes type H vessels formation and the expression of coupling factors to promote osteogenesis, ultimately enhancing the regeneration of large-segment bone defects in rats and preventing dislodging of the internal fixation screw. In conclusion, the scaffold inspired by biological bone repair processes effectively promotes bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Cuidi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Nijiati Tulufu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Scocozza F, Di Gravina GM, Bari E, Auricchio F, Torre ML, Conti M. Prediction of the mechanical response of a 3D (bio)printed hybrid scaffold for improving bone tissue regeneration by structural finite element analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105822. [PMID: 37116309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering should be osteoinductive, osteoconductive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and, at the same time, exhibit proper mechanical properties. The present study investigated the mechanical properties of a coprinted hybrid scaffold made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an alginate-based hydrogel, which was conceived to possess a double function of in vivo bio-integration (due to the ability of the hydrogel to release lyosecretome, a freeze-dried formulation of mesenchymal stem cell secretome with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties) and withstanding loads (due to the presence of polycaprolactone, which provides mechanical resistance). To this end, an in-silico study was conducted to predict mechanical properties. Structural finite element analysis (FEA) of the hybrid scaffold under compression was performed to compare the numerical results with the corresponding experimental data. The impact of alginate inclusion and infill patterns on scaffold stiffness was investigated. Results show an increase in mechanical properties by changing the scaffold infill pattern (linear: 145.38±28.90 vs. honeycomb: 278.96±50.19, mean and standard deviation, n = 8), while alginate inclusion does not always impact the mechanical performance of the hybrid scaffold (stiffness: 145.38±28.90 vs. 195.42±38.68 N/mm, with vs without hydrogel inclusion, respectively). This is confirmed by FEA analysis, in which a good correspondence between experimental and numerical stiffness is shown (142±28.94 vs. 117.18, respectively, linear scaffold with hydrogel inclusion). In conclusion, the computational framework is a valid tool for predicting the mechanical performance of scaffolds and is promising for future clinical applications in the maxillofacial field.
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Malinowski R, Fiedurek K, Rytlewski P, Puszczykowska N, Kaczor D, Stasiek A. The structure and selected properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)-based biodegradable composites with high calcium carbonate concentration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161528. [PMID: 36638989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The article refers to new polycaprolactone (PCL) composites with high concentration of calcium carbonate (CC). The objective of the present study was the manufacturing of PCL-based biodegradable composites, containing from 24 to 75 % of CC by mass, along with analyses of changes in selected properties of the obtained PCL composites, occurring upon various amounts of CC. Importantly, in the study relatively cheap and unmodified kind of CC has been used to determine the changeover cost of produced composites. Qualitative and quantitative analyses in addition to structure analysis of the obtained composites, including the distribution of the filler particles and their average dimensions were conducted. Furthermore, the mechanical and thermal properties, mass melt flow rate and the density have been determined. Finally, a commercially important economic analysis has been presented. A significant influence of CC on the mechanical properties of PCL was found. Specifically, the reduction of its relative elongation at break and impact strength, as well as the increase of its flexural modulus and bending strength. An increase in the thermal stability of the produced composites was also observed, however the characteristic temperatures of phase transitions as well as the degree of crystallinity did not change significantly. Considering the results of the density tests, an increase in the CC content resulted in a significant decrease in the unit price of the produced composites. This is of particular application importance, because a lower cost material with new properties could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Malinowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55 M. Skłodowska-Curie Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Kacper Fiedurek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55 M. Skłodowska-Curie Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Rytlewski
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, 30 Chodkiewicza Street, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Puszczykowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55 M. Skłodowska-Curie Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Daniel Kaczor
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55 M. Skłodowska-Curie Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stasiek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55 M. Skłodowska-Curie Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Pouroutzidou GK, Papadopoulou L, Lazaridou M, Tsachouridis K, Papoulia C, Patsiaoura D, Tsamesidis I, Chrissafis K, Vourlias G, Paraskevopoulos KM, Anastasiou AD, Bikiaris DN, Kontonasaki E. Composite PLGA–Nanobioceramic Coating on Moxifloxacin-Loaded Akermanite 3D Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030819. [PMID: 36986685 PMCID: PMC10053907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica-based ceramics doped with calcium and magnesium have been proposed as suitable materials for scaffold fabrication. Akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) has attracted interest for bone regeneration due to its controllable biodegradation rate, improved mechanical properties, and high apatite-forming ability. Despite the profound advantages, ceramic scaffolds provide weak fracture resistance. The use of synthetic biopolymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as coating materials improves the mechanical performance of ceramic scaffolds and tailors their degradation rate. Moxifloxacin (MOX) is an antibiotic with antimicrobial activity against numerous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. In this study, silica-based nanoparticles (NPs) enriched with calcium and magnesium, as well as copper and strontium ions that induce angiogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively, were incorporated into the PLGA coating. The aim was to produce composite akermanite/PLGA/NPs/MOX-loaded scaffolds through the foam replica technique combined with the sol–gel method to improve the overall effectiveness towards bone regeneration. The structural and physicochemical characterizations were evaluated. Their mechanical properties, apatite forming ability, degradation, pharmacokinetics, and hemocompatibility were also investigated. The addition of NPs improved the compressive strength, hemocompatibility, and in vitro degradation of the composite scaffolds, resulting in them keeping a 3D porous structure and a more prolonged release profile of MOX that makes them promising for bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia K. Pouroutzidou
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Lambrini Papadopoulou
- School of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Lazaridou
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsachouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3AL, UK
| | - Chrysanthi Papoulia
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Patsiaoura
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamesidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Vourlias
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos M. Paraskevopoulos
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios D. Anastasiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3AL, UK
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.K.P.); (E.K.)
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Laubach M, Kobbe P, Hutmacher DW. Biodegradable interbody cages for lumbar spine fusion: Current concepts and future directions. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121699. [PMID: 35995620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lumbar fusion often remains the last treatment option for various acute and chronic spinal conditions, including infectious and degenerative diseases. Placement of a cage in the intervertebral space has become a routine clinical treatment for spinal fusion surgery to provide sufficient biomechanical stability, which is required to achieve bony ingrowth of the implant. Routinely used cages for clinical application are made of titanium (Ti) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Ti has been used since the 1980s; however, its shortcomings, such as impaired radiographical opacity and higher elastic modulus compared to bone, have led to the development of PEEK cages, which are associated with reduced stress shielding as well as no radiographical artefacts. Since PEEK is bioinert, its osteointegration capacity is limited, which in turn enhances fibrotic tissue formation and peri-implant infections. To address shortcomings of both of these biomaterials, interdisciplinary teams have developed biodegradable cages. Rooted in promising preclinical large animal studies, a hollow cylindrical cage (Hydrosorb™) made of 70:30 poly-l-lactide-co-d, l-lactide acid (PLDLLA) was clinically studied. However, reduced bony integration and unfavourable long-term clinical outcomes prohibited its routine clinical application. More recently, scaffold-guided bone regeneration (SGBR) with application of highly porous biodegradable constructs is emerging. Advancements in additive manufacturing technology now allow the cage designs that match requirements, such as stiffness of surrounding tissues, while providing long-term biomechanical stability. A favourable clinical outcome has been observed in the treatment of various bone defects, particularly for 3D-printed composite scaffolds made of medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) in combination with a ceramic filler material. Therefore, advanced cage design made of mPCL and ceramic may also carry initial high spinal forces up to the time of bony fusion and subsequently resorb without clinical side effects. Furthermore, surface modification of implants is an effective approach to simultaneously reduce microbial infection and improve tissue integration. We present a design concept for a scaffold surface which result in osteoconductive and antimicrobial properties that have the potential to achieve higher rates of fusion and less clinical complications. In this review, we explore the preclinical and clinical studies which used bioresorbable cages. Furthermore, we critically discuss the need for a cutting-edge research program that includes comprehensive preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies to enable successful translation from bench to bedside. We develop such a conceptual framework by examining the state-of-the-art literature and posing the questions that will guide this field in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laubach
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000 Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000 Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Max Planck Queensland Center for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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7
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Daskalakis E, Huang B, Vyas C, Acar AA, Liu F, Fallah A, Cooper G, Weightman A, Blunn G, Koç B, Bartolo P. Bone Bricks: The Effect of Architecture and Material Composition on the Mechanical and Biological Performance of Bone Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7515-7530. [PMID: 35284712 PMCID: PMC8908495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Large bone loss injuries require high-performance scaffolds with an architecture and material composition resembling native bone. However, most bone scaffold studies focus on three-dimensional (3D) structures with simple rectangular or circular geometries and uniform pores, not able to recapitulate the geometric characteristics of the native tissue. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing novel anatomically designed scaffolds (bone bricks) with nonuniform pore dimensions (pore size gradients) designed based on new lay-dawn pattern strategies. The gradient design allows one to tailor the properties of the bricks and together with the incorporation of ceramic materials allows one to obtain structures with high mechanical properties (higher than reported in the literature for the same material composition) and improved biological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Daskalakis
- School of Mechanical,
Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University
of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Boyang Huang
- School of Mechanical,
Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University
of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Cian Vyas
- School of Mechanical,
Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University
of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Anil A. Acar
- Integrated
Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology
Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Department of
Mechanical Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Ali Fallah
- Integrated
Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology
Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Glen Cooper
- School of Mechanical,
Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University
of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Andrew Weightman
- School of Mechanical,
Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University
of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PortsmouthPO1 2DT, U.K.
| | - Bahattin Koç
- Integrated
Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- SUNUM Nanotechnology
Research Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- School of Mechanical,
Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University
of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K.
- Singapore
Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- ,
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8
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Pietrzykowska E, Romelczyk-Baishya B, Chodara A, Koltsov I, Smogór H, Mizeracki J, Pakieła Z, Łojkowski W. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inverse Nanocomposite Made from Polylactide and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010184. [PMID: 35009328 PMCID: PMC8745816 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have been extensively researched for a variety of applications, including medical osteoregenerative implants. However, no satisfactory solution has yet been found for regeneration of big, and so-called critical, bone losses. The requirement is to create a resorbable material which is characterised by optimum porosity, sufficient strength, and elastic modulus matching that of the bone, thus stimulating tissue regrowth. Inverse nanocomposites, where the ceramic content is larger than the polymer content, are a recent development. Due to their high ceramic content, they may offer the required properties for bone implants, currently not met by polymer nanocomposites with a small number of nanoparticles. This paper presents inverse nanocomposites composed of bioresorbable nano crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAP NPs) and polylactide (PLLA), produced by cryomilling and a warm isostatic pressing method. The following compositions were studied: 25%, 50%, and 75% of HAP NPs by volume. The mechanical properties and structure of these composites were examined. It was discovered that 50% volume content was optimal as far as compressive strength and porosity are concerned. The inverse nanocomposite with 50% nanoceramics volume displayed a compressive strength of 99 ± 4 MPa, a contact angle of 50°, and 25% porosity, which make this material a candidate for further studies as a bioresorbable bone implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Pietrzykowska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-228-760
| | - Barbara Romelczyk-Baishya
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (Z.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Chodara
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (Z.P.)
| | - Iwona Koltsov
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Hilary Smogór
- NETZSCH Instrumenty, Halicka 9, 31-036 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jan Mizeracki
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Zbigniew Pakieła
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (Z.P.)
| | - Witold Łojkowski
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
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Juan PK, Fan FY, Lin WC, Liao PB, Huang CF, Shen YK, Ruslin M, Lee CH. Bioactivity and Bone Cell Formation with Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Bioceramic 3D Porous Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2718. [PMID: 34451257 PMCID: PMC8401466 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study applied poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), a biomedical ceramic powder as an additive (nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) or β-tricalcium diphosphate (β-TCP)), and sodium chloride (NaCl) and ammonium bicarbonate ((NH4)HCO3) as porogens; these stuffs were used as scaffold materials. An improved solvent-casting/particulate-leaching method was utilized to fabricate 3D porous scaffolds. In this study we examined the physical properties (elastic modulus, porosity, and contact angle) and degradation properties (weight loss and pH value) of the 3D porous scaffolds. Both nHA and β-TCP improved the mechanical properties (elastic modulus) of the 3D porous scaffolds. The elastic modulus (0.15~1.865 GPa) of the various composite scaffolds matched that of human cancellous bone (0.1~4.5 GPa). Osteoblast-like (MG63) cells were cultured, a microculture tetrazolium test (MTT) was conducted and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the 3D porous scaffolds was determined. Experimental results indicated that both nHA and β-TCP powder improved the hydrophilic properties of the scaffolds. The degradation rate of the scaffolds was accelerated by adding nHA or β-TCP. The MTT and ALP activity tests indicated that the scaffolds with a high ratio of nHA or β-TCP had excellent properties of in vitro biocompatibility (cell attachment and proliferation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Juan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-K.J.); (P.-B.L.)
| | - Fang-Yu Fan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Pei-Bang Liao
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-K.J.); (P.-B.L.)
| | - Chiung-Fang Huang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
- Division of Family and Operative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kang Shen
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Muhammad Ruslin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Chen-Han Lee
- Taiwan Society of Blood Biomaterials, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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10
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Naseem R, Tzivelekis C, German MJ, Gentile P, Ferreira AM, Dalgarno K. Strategies for Enhancing Polyester-Based Materials for Bone Fixation Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040992. [PMID: 33668466 PMCID: PMC7917714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyester-based materials are established options, regarding the manufacturing of bone fixation devices and devices in routine clinical use. This paper reviews the approaches researchers have taken to develop these materials to improve their mechanical and biological performances. Polymer blending, copolymerisation, and the use of particulates and fibre bioceramic materials to make composite materials and surface modifications have all been studied. Polymer blending, copolymerisation, and particulate composite approaches have been adopted commercially, with the primary focus on influencing the in vivo degradation rate. There are emerging opportunities in novel polymer blends and nanoscale particulate systems, to tune bulk properties, and, in terms of surface functionalisation, to optimise the initial interaction of devices with the implanted environment, offering the potential to improve the clinical performances of fracture fixation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raasti Naseem
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (P.G.); (A.M.F.); (K.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charalampos Tzivelekis
- School of Dental Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (C.T.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Matthew J. German
- School of Dental Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (C.T.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (P.G.); (A.M.F.); (K.D.)
| | - Ana M. Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (P.G.); (A.M.F.); (K.D.)
| | - Kenny Dalgarno
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (P.G.); (A.M.F.); (K.D.)
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11
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Doyle SE, Henry L, McGennisken E, Onofrillo C, Bella CD, Duchi S, O’Connell CD, Pirogova E. Characterization of Polycaprolactone Nanohydroxyapatite Composites with Tunable Degradability Suitable for Indirect Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:295. [PMID: 33477660 PMCID: PMC7831941 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradable bone implants are designed to foster the complete regeneration of natural tissue after large-scale loss trauma. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are promising scaffold materials with superior mechanical and osteoinductive properties compared to the single materials. However, producing three-dimensional (3D) structures with high HA content as well as tuneable degradability remains a challenge. To address this issue and create homogeneously distributed PCL-nanoHA (nHA) scaffolds with tuneable degradation rates through both PCL molecular weight and nHA concentration, we conducted a detailed characterisation and comparison of a range of PCL-nHA composites across three molecular weight PCLs (14, 45, and 80 kDa) and with nHA content up to 30% w/w. In general, the addition of nHA results in an increase of viscosity for the PCL-nHA composites but has little effect on their compressive modulus. Importantly, we observe that the addition of nHA increases the rate of degradation compared to PCL alone. We show that the 45 and 80 kDa PCL-nHA groups can be fabricated via indirect 3D printing and have homogenously distributed nHA even after fabrication. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the composite materials is evaluated for the 45 and 80 kDa groups, with the results showing no significant change in cell number compared to the control. In conclusion, our analyses unveil several features that are crucial for processing the composite material into a tissue engineered implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Doyle
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Lauren Henry
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Ellen McGennisken
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Cathal D. O’Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
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12
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Jeyachandran P, Bontha S, Bodhak S, Balla VK, Kundu B, Doddamani M. Mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured bioactive glass/high density polyethylene composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 108:103830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Soufivand AA, Abolfathi N, Hashemi A, Lee SJ. The effect of 3D printing on the morphological and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone filament and scaffold. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Ahmadi Soufivand
- Biomechanical Engineering Group, Biomedical Engineering DepartmentAmirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran Iran
| | - Nabiollah Abolfathi
- Biomechanical Engineering Group, Biomedical Engineering DepartmentAmirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran Iran
| | - Ata Hashemi
- Biomechanical Engineering Group, Biomedical Engineering DepartmentAmirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran Iran
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard Winston‐Salem NC
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14
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Fathi P, Capron G, Tripathi I, Misra S, Ostadhossein F, Selmic L, Rowitz B, Pan D. Computed tomography-guided additive manufacturing of Personalized Absorbable Gastrointestinal Stents for intestinal fistulae and perforations. Biomaterials 2019; 228:119542. [PMID: 31678842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small bowel perforations and obstructions are relatively frequent surgical emergencies, are potentially life-threatening, and have multiple etiologies. In general, treatment requires urgent surgical repair or resection and at times can lead to further complications. Stents may be used to help with healing intestinal perforations but use is limited as currently available stents are non-absorbable, are manufactured in a narrow size range, and/or are limited to usage in locations that are accessible for endoscopic removal post-healing. The use of 3D-printed bioresorbable polymeric stents will provide patients with a stent that can prevent leakage, is tailored specifically to their geometry, and will be usable within the small bowel, which is not amenable to endoscopic stent placement. This work focused on the rapid manufacturing of gastrointestinal stents composed of a polycaprolactone-polydioxanone (PCL-PDO) composite. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests were conducted to separately analyze the effects of composition, the filament formation process, and physiological temperature on the PCL-PDO material properties. The proposed stent design was then modeled using computer-aided design, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to simulate the effects of physiologically relevant forces on stent integrity. The presence of hydrolysable ester bonds was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy. In vitro studies were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the polymer composite. Further analyses were conducted through stent placement in ex vivo pig intestines. PCL-PDO stents were then 3D-printed and placed in vivo in a pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | | | - Indu Tripathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Santosh Misra
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Laura Selmic
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Blair Rowitz
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Champaign, IL, United States.
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15
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Chlanda A, Kijeńska-Gawrońska E, Zdunek J, Swieszkowski W. Internal nanocrystalline structure and stiffness alterations of electrospun polycaprolactone-based mats after six months of in vitro degradation. An atomic force microscopy assay. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 101:103437. [PMID: 31557662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications have been extensively studied as they can provide attractive open-worked architecture resembling natural extracellular matrix, with tunable physical and mechanical properties enhancing positive cellular response. For this purpose, electrospun mats were tested in terms of morphology, mechanical and physical properties, degradation kinetics and related phenomena occurring in micro- and nanoscale. However, detailed description of internal nanostructures of electrospun mats and their changes related to in vitro degradation is still missing. In this manuscript, we report qualitative and quantitative evaluation of internal lamellar nanostructure of electrospun fibrous scaffolds made of pristine polycaprolactone and composite with polymeric matrix and nanoceramic (hydroxyapatite) filler during in vitro degradation. Morphological and mechanical studies performed with an atomic force microscope were followed by scanning electron microscope imaging and X-Ray diffraction. The results suggest degradation-dependent alteration of both organization and thickness of nano-scaled lamellas recorded with atomic force microscope. Moreover, changes of the material's internal structure were followed by enhanced stiffness and higher crystallinity of electrospun fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chlanda
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Woloska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Woloska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zdunek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Woloska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Woloska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Rogowska-Tylman J, Locs J, Salma I, Woźniak B, Pilmane M, Zalite V, Wojnarowicz J, Kędzierska-Sar A, Chudoba T, Szlązak K, Chlanda A, Święszkowski W, Gedanken A, Łojkowski W. In vivo and in vitro study of a novel nanohydroxyapatite sonocoated scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:669-684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Fairag R, Rosenzweig DH, Ramirez-Garcialuna JL, Weber MH, Haglund L. Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds Promote Bone-like Matrix Deposition in Vitro. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15306-15315. [PMID: 30973708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large bone defects represent a significant challenge for clinicians and surgeons. Tissue engineering for bone regeneration represents an innovative solution for this dilemma and may yield attractive alternate bone substitutes. Three-dimensional (3D) printing with inexpensive desktop printers shows promise in generating high-resolution structures mimicking native tissues using biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-effective thermoplastics, which are already FDA-approved for food use, drug delivery, and many medical devices. Microporous 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds, with different pore sizes (500, 750, and 1000 μm), were designed and manufactured using an inexpensive desktop 3D printer, and the mechanical properties were assessed. The scaffolds were compared for cell growth, activity, and bone-like tissue formation using primary human osteoblasts. Osteoblasts showed high proliferation, metabolic activity, and osteogenic matrix protein production, in which 750 μm pore-size scaffolds showed superiority. Further experimentation using human mesenchymal stem cells on 750 μm pore scaffolds showed their ability in supporting osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggest that even in the absence of any surface modifications, low-cost 750 μm pore-size 3D-printed scaffolds may be suitable as a bone substitute for repair of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Fairag
- Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Medicine , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Lisbet Haglund
- Shriners Hospital for Children , Montreal H4A 0A9 , Canada
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18
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Novel calcium phosphate/PCL graded samples: Design and development in view of biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:336-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Alizadeh-Osgouei M, Li Y, Wen C. A comprehensive review of biodegradable synthetic polymer-ceramic composites and their manufacture for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2018; 4:22-36. [PMID: 30533554 PMCID: PMC6258879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of various materials in biomedical procedures has recently experienced rapid growth. One area that is currently receiving significant attention from the scientific community is the treatment of a number of different types of bone-related diseases and disorders by using biodegradable polymer-ceramic composites. Biomaterials, the most common materials used to repair or replace damaged parts of the human body, can be categorized into three major groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Composites can be manufactured by combining two or more materials to achieve enhanced biocompatibility and biomechanical properties for specific applications. Biomaterials must display suitable properties for their applications, about strength, durability, and biological influence. Metals and their alloys such as titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-based alloys have been widely investigated for implant-device applications because of their excellent mechanical properties. However, these materials may also manifest biological issues such as toxicity, poor tissue adhesion and stress shielding effect due to their high elastic modulus. To mitigate these issues, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been used on metals because their chemical composition is similar to that of bone and teeth. Recently, a wide range of synthetic polymers such as poly (l-lactic acid) and poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) have been studied for different biomedical applications, owing to their promising biocompatibility and biodegradability. This article gives an overview of synthetic polymer-ceramic composites with a particular emphasis on calcium phosphate group and their potential applications in tissue engineering. It is hoped that synthetic polymer-ceramic composites such as PLLA/HA and PCL/HA will provide advantages such as eliminating the stress shielding effect and the consequent need for revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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20
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Prasadh S, Wong RCW. Unraveling the mechanical strength of biomaterials used as a bone scaffold in oral and maxillofacial defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(18)30005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Dziadek M, Stodolak-Zych E, Cholewa-Kowalska K. Biodegradable ceramic-polymer composites for biomedical applications: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 71:1175-1191. [PMID: 27987674 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the state-of-the-art of biodegradable ceramic-polymer composites with particular emphasis on influence of various types of ceramic fillers on properties of the composites. First, the general needs to create composite materials for medical applications are briefly introduced. Second, various types of polymeric materials used as matrices of ceramic-containing composites and their properties are reviewed. Third, silica nanocomposites and their material as well as biological characteristics are presented. Fourth, different types of glass fillers including silicate, borate and phosphate glasses and their effect on a number of properties of the composites are described. Fifth, wollastonite as a composite modifier and its effect on composite characteristics are discussed. Sixth, composites containing calcium phosphate ceramics, namely hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and biphasic calcium phosphate are presented. Finally, general possibilities for control of properties of composite materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dziadek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Stodolak-Zych
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Cholewa-Kowalska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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22
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Wu CC, Tsai YF, Hsu LH, Chen JP, Sumi S, Yang KC. A self-reinforcing biodegradable implant made of poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/calcium phosphate ceramic composite for craniomaxillofacial fracture fixation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1333-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Synchrotron-Based in Situ Characterization of the Scaffold Mass Loss from Erosion Degradation. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:jfb7030017. [PMID: 27399789 PMCID: PMC5040990 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass loss behavior of degradable tissue scaffolds is critical to their lifespan and other degradation-related properties including mechanical strength and mass transport characteristics. This paper presents a novel method based on synchrotron imaging to characterize the scaffold mass loss from erosion degradation in situ, or without the need of extracting scaffolds once implanted. Specifically, the surface-eroding degradation of scaffolds in a degrading medium was monitored in situ by synchrotron-based imaging; and the time-dependent geometry of scaffolds captured by images was then employed to estimate their mass loss with time, based on the mathematical model that was adopted from the literature of surface erosion with the experimentally-identified model parameters. Acceptable agreement between experimental results and model predictions was observed for scaffolds in a cylindrical shape, made from poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). This study illustrates that geometry evaluation by synchrotron-based imaging is an effective means to in situ characterize the scaffold mass loss as well as possibly other degradation-related properties.
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24
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Numerical investigation of the mechanical properties of the additive manufactured bone scaffolds fabricated by FDM: The effect of layer penetration and post-heating. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:241-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hung BP, Naved BA, Nyberg EL, Dias M, Holmes CA, Elisseeff JH, Dorafshar AH, Grayson WL. Three-Dimensional Printing of Bone Extracellular Matrix for Craniofacial Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1806-1816. [PMID: 27942578 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered approaches to regenerate bone in the craniomaxillofacial region utilize biomaterial scaffolds to provide structural and biological cues to stem cells to stimulate osteogenic differentiation. Bioactive scaffolds are typically comprised of natural components but often lack the manufacturability of synthetic materials. To circumvent this trade-off, we 3D printed materials comprised of decellularized bone (DCB) matrix particles combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) to create novel hybrid DCB:PCL scaffolds for bone regeneration. Hybrid scaffolds were readily printable at compositions of up to 70% bone by mass and displayed robust mechanical properties. Assessments of surface features revealed both collagenous and mineral components of bone were present. Qualitative and quantitative assessments showed increased surface roughness relative to that of pure PCL scaffolds. These findings correlated with enhanced cell adhesion on hybrid surfaces relative to that on pure surfaces. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) cultured in DCB:PCL scaffolds without soluble osteogenic cues exhibited significant upregulation of osteogenic genes in hybrid scaffolds relative to pure PCL scaffolds. In the presence of soluble phosphate, hybrid scaffolds resulted in increased calcification. The hASC-seeded scaffolds were implanted into critical-sized murine calvarial defects and yielded greater bone regeneration in DCB:PCL scaffolds compared to that in PCL-only at 1 and 3 months post-transplantation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 3D printed DCB:PCL scaffolds might be effective for stimulating bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Bilal A Naved
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ethan L Nyberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Miguel Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Christina A Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
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Wu CC, Hsu LH, Tsai YF, Sumi S, Yang KC. Enhancement of biodegradation and osseointegration of poly(
ε
-caprolactone)/calcium phosphate ceramic composite screws for osteofixation using calcium sulfate. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:025012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Naderi N, Griffin M, Malins E, Becer R, Mosahebi A, Whitaker IS, Seifalian AM. Slow chlorine releasing compounds: A viable sterilisation method for bioabsorbable nanocomposite biomaterials. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1114-24. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215613666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective Selection of the appropriate sterilisation method for biodegradable materials has been a challenging task. Many conventional sterilisation methods are not suitable for the next generation of biomaterials, mainly due to their complex composition, based on nanomaterials, often incorporating bioactive moieties. In this study, we investigate sterilisation efficacy of slow chlorine releasing compound sodium dichloroisocyanurate dihydrate (SDIC) for polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-poly(caprolactone urea-urethane) (PCL) scaffolds in comparison with conventional sterilisation methods. Methods POSS-PCL scaffolds were subjected to 70% ethanol, UV, and SDIC sterilisation methods. Samples were immersed in tryptone soya broth (TSB) and thioglycollate medium (THY) and after seven days visually inspected for signs of microbial growth. Bulk and surface properties and molecular weight distribution profiles of the scaffolds after sterilization were investigated using FTIR analysis, surface hydrophilicity, scanning electron microscopy analysis, tensile strength testing, and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were seeded on the scaffolds and AlamarBlue® viability assay was performed to investigate cell metabolic activity. Confocal imaging of rhodamine phalloidin and Dapi stained ADSC on scaffolds was used to demonstrate cell morphology. Results GPC results showed that autoclaving led to a significant decrease in the molecular weight of POSS-PCL, whereas ethanol caused visible deformation of the polymer 3D structure and UV radiation did not effectively sterilise the scaffolds. AlamarBlue® analysis showed metabolic activity close to that of tissue culture plastic for ethanol and SDIC. Conclusion SDIC sterilisation can be safely applied to biodegradable scaffolds unsuitable for the more common sterilisation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Naderi
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michelle Griffin
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edward Malins
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Afshin Mosahebi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Iain S Whitaker
- Reconstructive Surgery & Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
- Welsh Centre for Burns & Plastic Surgery, ABMU Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Rodenas-Rochina J, Vidaurre A, Castilla Cortázar I, Lebourg M. Effects of hydroxyapatite filler on long-term hydrolytic degradation of PLLA/PCL porous scaffolds. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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29
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Wu CC, Kuo CL, Fan FY, Yang KC. Strontium-impregnated bioabsorbable composite for osteoporotic fracture fixation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3355-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics; National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; Taipei 10002 Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics; En Chu Kong Hospital; New Taipei City 23702 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lin Kuo
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Fan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Taipei 11031 Taiwan
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30
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In Vitro Study of Surface Modified Poly(ethylene glycol)-Impregnated Sintered Bovine Bone Scaffolds on Human Fibroblast Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9806. [PMID: 25950377 PMCID: PMC4423443 DOI: 10.1038/srep09806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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31
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Wei B, Yao Q, Guo Y, Mao F, Liu S, Xu Y, Wang L. Three-dimensional polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite scaffolds combined with bone marrow cells for cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:160-70. [PMID: 25766036 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215575762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic potential of three-dimensional polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA) scaffolds loaded with bone marrow cells in vitro and the effect of PCL-HA scaffolds on osteochondral repair in vivo. Here, bone marrow was added to the prepared PCL-HA scaffolds and cultured in chondrogenic medium for 10 weeks. Osteochondral defects were created in the trochlear groove of 29 knees in 17 New Zealand white rabbits, which were then divided into four groups that underwent: implantation of PCL-HA scaffolds (left knee, n = 17; Group 1), microfracture (right knee, n = 6; Group 2), autologous osteochondral transplantation (right knee, n = 6; Group 3), and no treatment (right knee, n = 5; Control). Extracellular matrix produced by bone marrow cells covered the surface and filled the pores of PCL-HA scaffolds after 10 weeks in culture. Moreover, many cell-laden cartilage lacunae were observed, and cartilage matrix was concentrated in the PCL-HA scaffolds. After a 12-week repair period, Group 1 showed excellent vertical and lateral integration with host bone, but incomplete cartilage regeneration and matrix accumulation. An uneven surface of regenerated cartilage and reduced distribution of cartilage matrix were observed in Group 2. In addition, abnormal bone growth and unstable integration between repaired and host tissues were detected. For Group 3, the integration between transplanted and host cartilage was interrupted. Our findings indicate that the PCL-HA scaffolds loaded with bone marrow cells improved chondrogenesis in vitro and implantation of PCL-HA scaffolds for osteochondral repairenhanced integration with host bone. However, cartilage regeneration remained unsatisfactory. The addition of trophic factors or the use of precultured cell-PCL-HA constructs for accelerated osteochondral repair requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyong Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China China-Korea United Cell Therapy Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Kang H, Hollister SJ, La Marca F, Park P, Lin CY. Porous biodegradable lumbar interbody fusion cage design and fabrication using integrated global-local topology optimization with laser sintering. J Biomech Eng 2013; 135:101013-8. [PMID: 23897113 PMCID: PMC3792404 DOI: 10.1115/1.4025102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable cages have received increasing attention for their use in spinal procedures involving interbody fusion to resolve complications associated with the use of nondegradable cages, such as stress shielding and long-term foreign body reaction. However, the relatively weak initial material strength compared to permanent materials and subsequent reduction due to degradation may be problematic. To design a porous biodegradable interbody fusion cage for a preclinical large animal study that can withstand physiological loads while possessing sufficient interconnected porosity for bony bridging and fusion, we developed a multiscale topology optimization technique. Topology optimization at the macroscopic scale provides optimal structural layout that ensures mechanical strength, while optimally designed microstructures, which replace the macroscopic material layout, ensure maximum permeability. Optimally designed cages were fabricated using solid, freeform fabrication of poly(ε-caprolactone) mixed with hydroxyapatite. Compression tests revealed that the yield strength of optimized fusion cages was two times that of typical human lumbar spine loads. Computational analysis further confirmed the mechanical integrity within the human lumbar spine, although the pore structure locally underwent higher stress than yield stress. This optimization technique may be utilized to balance the complex requirements of load-bearing, stress shielding, and interconnected porosity when using biodegradable materials for fusion cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesuk Kang
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,
MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of
Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Scott J. Hollister
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,
MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of
Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI 48109;Department of
Surgery,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI
48109
| | - Frank La Marca
- Spine Research Laboratory,Department of
Neurosurgery,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI
48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of
Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Paul Park
- Spine Research Laboratory,Department of
Neurosurgery,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI
48109
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Spine Research Laboratory,Department of
Neurosurgery,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI
48109
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,University of
Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI 48109;Department of Biomedical
Engineering,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI
48109 e-mail:
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Ding C, Qiao Z, Jiang W, Li H, Wei J, Zhou G, Dai K. Regeneration of a goat femoral head using a tissue-specific, biphasic scaffold fabricated with CAD/CAM technology. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6706-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liao HT, Lee MY, Tsai WW, Wang HC, Lu WC. Osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells on polycaprolactone-β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold fabricated via selective laser sintering and surface coating with collagen type I. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E337-E353. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Tsung Liao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung University; Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yih Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics; Chang Gung University; Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics; Chang Gung University; Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Mechanical Engineering; Chang Gung University; Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chieh Lu
- Graduate Institute of Mechanical Engineering; Chang Gung University; Taiwan Republic of China
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35
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Chan-Chan LH, Tkaczyk C, Vargas-Coronado RF, Cervantes-Uc JM, Tabrizian M, Cauich-Rodriguez JV. Characterization and biocompatibility studies of new degradable poly(urea)urethanes prepared with arginine, glycine or aspartic acid as chain extenders. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1733-1744. [PMID: 23615787 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethanes are very often used in the cardiovascular field due to their tunable physicochemical properties and acceptable hemocompatibility although they suffer from poor endothelialization. With this in mind, we proposed the synthesis of a family of degradable segmented poly(urea)urethanes (SPUUs) using amino acids (L-arginine, glycine and L-aspartic acid) as chain extenders. These polymers degraded slowly in PBS (pH 7.4) after 24 weeks via a gradual decrease in molecular weight. In contrast, accelerated degradation showed higher mass loss under acidic, alkaline and oxidative media. MTT tests on polyurethanes with L-arginine as chain extenders showed no adverse effect on the metabolism of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicating the leachables did not provoke any toxic responses. In addition, SPUUs containing L-arginine promoted higher levels of HUVECs adhesion, spreading and viability after 7 days compared to the commonly used Tecoflex(®) polyurethane. The biodegradability and HUVEC proliferation on L-arginine-based SPUUs suggests that they can be used in the design of vascular grafts for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Chan-Chan
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A. C., Calle 43 # 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P.97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Mechanical properties and in vitro evaluation of bioactivity and degradation of dexamethasone-releasing poly-d-l-lactide/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 22:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Leung LH, Naguib HE. Viscoelastic properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) - hydroxyapatite micro- and nano-composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hani E. Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; 5 King's College Road Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3G8
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38
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Fujii S, Okada M, Nishimura T, Maeda H, Sugimoto T, Hamasaki H, Furuzono T, Nakamura Y. Hydroxyapatite-armored poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres and hydroxyapatite microcapsules fabricated via a Pickering emulsion route. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 374:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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39
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Leung LH, Naguib HE. Characterization of the viscoelastic properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)-hydroxyapatite microcomposite and nanocomposite scaffolds. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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40
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Evaluation of the Degradation Properties of Carbonate Substituted Hydroxyapatite-Poly( ε-caprolactone) Composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to produce and characterise carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposites with a controlled degradation rate in order to match the rate of bone in-growth. The ideal degradation time for this purpose is estimated to be around 5-6 months however, in vivo, PCL degrades over a period of 2 to 3 years. It has been reported that NaOH surface treatment can accelerate the degradation of PCL [1-3]. In order to further modify the degradation rate of PCL, the effects of the incorporation of different volume fractions of CHA in samples surface treated with NaOH was investigated. CHA was produced by wet chemical synthesis. Samples comprising 8, 19, 25 wt% uncalcined CHA-PCL composites were produced by twin screw extrusion which were then injection moulded into cylinders. In order to accelerate the degradation rate of PCL, it was surface treated with 5 M NaOH for 3 days prior to PBS studies. The degradation profile was examined by % weight loss and % water uptake measurements. NaOH treatment was observed to erode the polymer surface and the polymer-filler interface. On subsequently degrading the pre-treated samples in PBS, it was observed that with increasing fraction of CHA, the degradation rate in PBS of the sample increased. Up to 8 wt % CHA filler there appeared to be little change in the degradation properties of the NaOH treated samples with the onset occurring after 60 days. However there was a marked acceleration of degradation for samples containing 19 wt% when degradation appeared to occur immediately. In conclusion, the addition of CHA significantly affects the behaviour of PCL.
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Yoshii T, Dumas JE, Okawa A, Spengler DM, Guelcher SA. Synthesis, characterization of calcium phosphates/polyurethane composites for weight-bearing implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 100:32-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Investigation of the mechanical properties and porosity relationships in selective laser-sintered polyhedral for functionally graded scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:530-7. [PMID: 20883840 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An important requirement for a bone tissue engineering scaffold is a stiffness gradient that mimics that of native bone. Such scaffolds can be achieved by controlling their structure and porosity and are termed functionally graded scaffolds (FGS). Currently, the main challenges in FGS fabrication include the iterative and tedious design process as well as a heavy reliance on the user's CAD/CAM skills. This work aims to bring automated FGS production a step closer by providing a database that correlates scaffold porosity values and the corresponding compressive stiffness and integrating it into the design process. To achieve this goal, scaffolds with different structural configurations were designed using CASTS (Computer Aided System for Tissue Scaffolds), an in-house developed library system consisting of 13 different polyhedral units that can be assembled into scaffold structures. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was chosen as the scaffold material, while selective laser sintering, a powder-based rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing system was employed to fabricate the scaffolds. Mathematical relations correlating scaffold porosity and compressive stiffness readings were formulated and compiled. In addition, cytotoxicity assessment was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of the fabricated PCL scaffolds. Lastly, a brief demonstration of how the formulated relations are used in the FGS design process is presented.
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Meseguer-Dueñas JM, Más-Estellés J, Castilla-Cortázar I, Escobar Ivirico JL, Vidaurre A. Alkaline degradation study of linear and network poly(ε-caprolactone). JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:11-18. [PMID: 21072569 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline hydrolysis of a polycaprolactone (PCL) network obtained by photopolymerization of a PCL macromer was investigated. The PCL macromer was obtained by the reaction of PCL diol with methacrylic anhydride. Degradation of PCL network is much faster than linear PCL; the weight loss rate is approximately constant until it reaches around 70%, which happens after approximately 60 h in PCL network and 600 h in linear PCL. Calorimetric results show no changes in crystallinity throughout degradation, suggesting that it takes place in the crystalline and amorphous phases simultaneously. Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs indicate that degradation is produced by a different erosion mechanism in both kinds of samples. The more hydrophilic network PCL would follow a bulk-erosion mechanism, whereas linear PCL would follow a surface-erosion mechanism. Mechanical testing of degraded samples shows a decline in mechanical properties due to changes in sample porosity as a consequence of the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Meseguer-Dueñas
- Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Shokrollahi P, Mirzadeh H, Scherman OA, Huck WTS. Biological and mechanical properties of novel composites based on supramolecular polycaprolactone and functionalized hydroxyapatite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:209-21. [PMID: 20574978 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers based on quadruple hydrogen-bonding ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties hold promise as dynamic/stimuli-responsive materials in applications such as tissue engineering. Here, a new class of materials is introduced: supramolecular polymer composites. We show that despite the highly ordered structure and tacticity-dependent nature of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers, the bioactivity of these polymers can be tuned through composite preparation with bioceramics. These novel supramolecular composites combine the superior processability of supramolecular polymers with the excellent bioactivity and mechanical characteristics of bioceramics. In particular, the bioactive composites prepared from supramolecular polycaprolactone and UPy-grafted hydroxyapatite (HApUPy) are described that can be easily formed into microporous biomaterials. The compression moduli increased about 40 and 90% upon composite preparation with HAp and HApUPy, respectively, as an indication to improved mechanical properties. These new materials show excellent potential as microporous composite scaffolds for the adhesion and proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) as a first step toward bone regeneration studies; rMSCs proliferate about 2 and 2.7 times faster on the conventional composite with HAp and the supramolecular composite with (HApUPy) than on the neat PCL1250(UPy)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Shokrollahi
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1 EW, United Kingdom
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Fuchs S, Jiang X, Gotman I, Makarov C, Schmidt H, Gutmanas EY, Kirkpatrick CJ. Influence of polymer content in Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone nanocomposites on the formation of microvessel-like structures. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3169-77. [PMID: 20144913 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely used in bone tissue engineering due to their good osteoconductivity. The mechanical properties of CaP can be modified by the addition of small volume fractions of biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL). Nevertheless, it is also important to evaluate how the polymer content influences cell-material or cell-cell interactions because of potential consequences for bone regeneration and vascularization. In this study we assessed the general biocompatibilty of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)-PCL disks containing nominally 11 and 24% polycaprolactone using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human primary osteoblasts. Confocal microscopy showed that both CDHA-PCL variants supported the growth of both cell types. In terms of the endothelial cells grown on CDHA-PCL nanocomposites with 24% PCL, an increased expression of the endothelial marker vWF compared to CDHA-PCL with 11% PCL was observed in real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition to monocultures, co-cultures of outgrowth endothelial cells, derived from peripheral blood, and primary osteoblasts were assessed as an example of a more complex test system for bone regeneration and vascularization. Constructs based on CDHA with different PCL contents were investigated with regard to the formation of microvessel-like structures induced by the co-culture process using confocal microscopy and quantitative image analysis. Furthermore, the osteogenic differentiation of the co-culture was assessed. As a result, more pre-vascular structures were observed after 1 week on the CDHA-PCL disks with 24% PCL, whereas after 4 weeks of culture the extent of microvessel-like structure formation was slightly higher on the CDHA with 11% PCL. In contrast to this, variation of PCL content had no effect on the osteogenic differentiation in the co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fuchs
- Institute of Pathology, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany.
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Yeong W, Sudarmadji N, Yu H, Chua C, Leong K, Venkatraman S, Boey Y, Tan L. Porous polycaprolactone scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering fabricated by selective laser sintering. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2028-34. [PMID: 20026436 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An advanced manufacturing technique, selective laser sintering (SLS), was utilized to fabricate a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold designed with an automated algorithm in a parametric library system named the "computer-aided system for tissue scaffolds" (CASTS). Tensile stiffness of the sintered PCL strut was in the range of 0.43+/-0.15MPa when a laser power of 3W and scanning speed of 150 in s(-1) was used. A series of compressive mechanical characterizations was performed on the parametric scaffold design and an empirical formula was presented to predict the compressive stiffness of the scaffold as a function of total porosity. In this work, the porosity of the scaffold was selected to be 85%, with micropores (40-100mum) throughout the scaffold. The compressive stiffness of the scaffold was 345kPa. The feasibility of using the scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering was investigated by culturing C2C12 myoblast cells in vitro for 21days. Fluorescence images showed cells were located throughout the scaffold. High density of cells at 1.2x10(6)cellsml(-1) was recorded after 4days of culture. Fusion and differentiation of C2C12 were observed as early as 6days in vitro and was confirmed with myosin heavy chain immunostaining after 11days of cell culture. A steady population of cells was then maintained throughout 21days of culturing. This work demonstrated the feasibility of tailoring the mechanical property of the scaffold for soft tissue engineering using CASTS and SLS. The macroarchitecture of the scaffold can be modified efficiently to fabricate scaffolds with different macropore sizes or changing the elemental cell design in CASTS. Further process and design optimization could be carried out in the future to fabricate scaffolds that match the tensile strength of native myocardium, which is of the order of tens of kPa.
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Raghunath J, Georgiou G, Armitage D, Nazhat SN, Sales KM, Butler PE, Seifalian AM. Degradation studies on biodegradable nanocomposite based on polycaprolactone/polycarbonate (80:20%) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:834-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lee CH, Marion NW, Hollister S, Mao JJ. Tissue formation and vascularization in anatomically shaped human joint condyle ectopically in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:3923-30. [PMID: 19563263 PMCID: PMC2792071 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scale-up of bioengineered grafts toward clinical applications is a challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, we report tissue formation and vascularization of anatomically shaped human tibial condyles ectopically with a dimension of 20 x 15 x 15 mm(3). A composite of poly-epsilon-caprolactone and hydroxyapatite was fabricated using layer deposition of three-dimensional interlaid strands with interconnecting microchannels (400 microm) and seeded with human bone marrow stem cells (hMSCs) with or without osteogenic differentiation. An overlaying layer (1 mm deep) of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel encapsulating hMSCs or hMSC-derived chondrocytes was molded into anatomic shape and anchored into microchannels by gel infusion. After 6 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in athymic rats, hMSCs generated not only significantly more blood vessels, but also significantly larger-diameter vessels than hMSC-derived osteoblasts, although hMSC-derived osteoblasts yielded mineralized tissue in microchannels. Chondrocytes in safranin-O-positive glycosaminoglycan matrix were present in the cartilage layer seeded with hMSC-derived chondrogenic cells, although significantly more cells were present in the cartilage layer seeded with hMSCs than hMSC-derived chondrocytes. Together, MSCs elaborate substantially more angiogenesis, whereas their progenies yield corresponding differentiated tissue phenotypes. Scale up is probable by incorporating a combination of stem cells and their progenies in repeating modules of internal microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H. Lee
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas W. Marion
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott Hollister
- Scaffold Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeremy J. Mao
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Guarino V, Taddei P, Foggia MD, Fagnano C, Ciapetti G, Ambrosio L. The Influence of Hydroxyapatite Particles on In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Poly ɛ-Caprolactone–Based Composite Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:3655-68. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Taddei
- Biochemistry Department “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Di Foggia
- Biochemistry Department “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Concezio Fagnano
- Biochemistry Department “G. Moruzzi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Laboratory for Pathophysiology of Orthopaedic Implants, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Ramanath HS, Chua CK, Leong KF, Shah KD. Melt flow behaviour of poly-epsilon-caprolactone in fused deposition modelling. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2541-50. [PMID: 17619957 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an extrusion based Rapid prototyping (RP) technique which can be used to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds. The present work focuses on the study of the melt flow behaviour (MFB) of Poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) as a representative biomaterial, on the FDM. The MFB significantly affects the quality of the scaffold which depends not only on the pressure gradient, its velocity, and the temperature gradients but also physical properties like the melt temperature and rheology. The MFB is studied using two methods: mathematical modelling and finite element analysis (FEA) using Ansys(R). The MFB is studied using accurate channel geometry by varying filament velocity at the entry and by varying nozzle diameters and angles at the exit. The comparative results of both mathematical modelling and FEA suggest that the pressure drop and the velocities of the melt flow depend on the flow channel parameters. One inference of particular interest is the temperature gradient of the PCL melt, which shows that it liquefies within 35% of the channel length. These results are invaluable to better understand the MFB of biomaterials that affects the quality of the scaffold built via FDM and can also be used to predict the MFB of other biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ramanath
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore.
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