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Wang G. Genome Editing for Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:1555. [PMID: 37371025 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane-conductance Regulator gene (CFTR). Remarkable progress in basic research has led to the discovery of highly effective CFTR modulators. Now ~90% of CF patients are treatable. However, these modulator therapies are not curative and do not cover the full spectrum of CFTR mutations. Thus, there is a continued need to develop a complete and durable therapy that can treat all CF patients once and for all. As CF is a genetic disease, the ultimate therapy would be in-situ repair of the genetic lesions in the genome. Within the past few years, new technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas gene editing, have emerged as an appealing platform to revise the genome, ushering in a new era of genetic therapy. This review provided an update on this rapidly evolving field and the status of adapting the technology for CF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Lotfi R, Steppe L, Hang R, Rojewski M, Massold M, Jahrsdörfer B, Schrezenmeier H. ATP promotes immunosuppressive capacities of mesenchymal stromal cells by enhancing the expression of indoleamine dioxygenase. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:448-455. [PMID: 30306723 PMCID: PMC6247240 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction MSCs are often found within tumors, promote cancer progression and enhance metastasis. MSCs can act as immuosuppressive cells, partially due to the expression of the enzyme indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) which converts tryptophan to kynurenine. Decreased concentration of tryptophan and increased kynurenine, both interfere with effective immune response. Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including ATP are found within the tumor microenvironment, attract MSCs, and influence their biology. Methods Bone marrow derived MSCs were exposed to ATP for 4 days, in the presence of 100 ng IFNγ/mL. Intracellular expression of IDO in MSCs was assessed by FACS. Conditioned media from thus stimulated MSCs was analyzed for kynurenine content and its suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation. Apyrase or P2 × 7‐receptor antagonist (AZ 11645373) were applied in order to inhibit ATP induced effect on MSCs. Results We demonstrate, that ATP at concentrations between 0.062 and 0.5 mM increases dose dependently the expression of IDO in MSCs with subsequent increased kynurenine concentrations within the supernatant at about 60%. This effect could be abolished completely in the presence of ATP degrading enzyme (apyrase) or when MSCs were pretreated with a P2 × 7‐receptor antagonist (AZ 11645373). Consistently, supernatants from MSCs stimulated with ATP, inhibited lymphocyte proliferation from 65% to 16%. Conclusions We characterized ATP as a DAMP family member responsible for necrosis‐induced immunomodulation. Given the increased concentration of DAMPs within tumor tissue and the fact that DAMPs can act as chemotattractants to MSCs, our results have implications for therapeutic strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Steppe
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Regina Hang
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Massold
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
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Deschemin JC, Allouche S, Brouillard F, Vaulont S. Iron Homeostasis and Inflammatory Status in Mice Deficient for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145685. [PMID: 26709821 PMCID: PMC4699203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a frequent and lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). Patients with CF suffer from chronic infections and severe inflammation, which lead to progressive pulmonary and gut diseases. Recently, an expanding body of evidence has suggested that iron homeostasis was abnormal in CF with, in particular, systemic iron deficiency and iron sequestration in the epithelium airway. The molecular mechanisms responsible for iron dysregulation and the relationship with inflammation in CF are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed the impact of CFTR deficiency on systemic and tissue iron homeostasis as well as inflammation in wildtype and CFTR knockout (KO) mice. First, in contrast to the systemic and intestinal inflammation we observed in the CFTR KO mice, we reported the absence of lung phenotype with regards to both inflammation and iron status. Second, we showed a significant decrease of plasma ferritin levels in the KO mice, as in CF patients, likely caused by a decrease in spleen ferritin levels. However, we measured unchanged plasma iron levels in the KO mice that may be explained by increased intestinal iron absorption. CONCLUSION These results indicate that in CF, the lung do not predominantly contributes to the systemic ferritin deficiency and we propose the spleen as the major organ responsible for hypoferritinemia in the KO mouse. These results should provide a better understanding of iron dysregulation in CF patients where treating or not iron deficiency remains a challenging question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Deschemin
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Allouche
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Franck Brouillard
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Rapaport E, Salikhova A, Abraham EH. Continuous intravenous infusion of ATP in humans yields large expansions of erythrocyte ATP pools but extracellular ATP pools are elevated only at the start followed by rapid declines. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:251-62. [PMID: 25917594 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was investigated in a clinical trial that included 15 patients with advanced malignancies (solid tumors). ATP was administered by continuous intravenous infusions of 8 h once weekly for 8 weeks. Three values of blood ATP levels were determined. These were total blood (erythrocyte) and blood plasma (extracellular) ATP pools along with the initial rate of release of ATP into the blood plasma. We found that values related to erythrocyte ATP pools showed great variability (diversity) among individuals (standard deviation of about 30-40% of mean at baseline). It was discovered that erythrocyte baseline ATP pool sizes are unique to each individual and that they fall within a narrow range in each individual. At the end of an 8 h continuous intravenous infusion of ATP, intracellular erythrocyte ATP pools were increased in the range of 40-60% and extracellular ATP declined from elevated levels achieved at the beginning and middle of the infusion, to baseline levels. The ability of erythrocytes to sequester exogenously administered ATP to this degree, after its initial conversion to adenosine in the blood plasma is unexpected, considering that some of the adenosine is likely to have been degraded by in vivo catabolic activities or taken up by organs. The data suggest that administration of ATP by short-term intravenous infusions, of up to 4 h, may be a favorable way for elevating extracellular ATP pools. A large fraction of the total exogenously administered ATP is sequestered into the intracellular compartments of the erythrocytes after an 8 h intravenous infusion. Erythrocytes loaded with ATP are known to release their ATP pools by the application of previously established agents or conditions applied locally or globally to circulating erythrocytes. Rapid degradation of intravenously administered ATP to adenosine and subsequent accumulation of ATP inside erythrocytes indicate the existence of very effective mechanisms for uptake of adenosine from blood plasma. These in vivo studies offer an understanding as to how both adenosine and ATP can act as purinergic transmission signals. ATP levels in blood are always accompanied by adenosine formed by catabolism of ATP. The continuous uptake of adenosine enables both to act in transmission of sometimes opposite functions.
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Matte A, Sola L, Chiari M, Tomelleri C, Consonni R, Turrini F, Franceschi LD. Performance of a novel sieving matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol)/acrylamide copolymer in electrophoretic separations of high molecular weight proteins from red cell membrane. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1081-8. [PMID: 24356974 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of high molecular weight (HMW) proteins from complex mixtures is still a challenge in proteomics. This work introduces a novel hydrogel obtained by the copolymerization of an allyl-PVA derivative with acrylamide and bisacrylamide and applies this matrix to the electrophoretic separation of HMW proteins. By inducing gelation of polyacrylamide in the presence of variable amounts of allyl-PVA, it is possible to control and vary the average gel porosity. This gel is easy to produce and handle and offers the advantage of being highly mechanically resistant and macroporous. The new matrix was tested in mono-dimensional separations of complex protein mixtures extracted from red cell membranes with different detergents. The improved performance of this macroporous matrix allowed to identify new proteins by MS and immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies. In particular, the resolution of proteins ranging in size between 97 and 279 kDa was greatly improved here compared to standard polyacrylamide gels, suggesting that this matrix can be a useful tool in routine analysis of HMW proteins in cell biology.
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Zimmermann H, Zebisch M, Sträter N. Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:437-502. [PMID: 22555564 PMCID: PMC3360096 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Biologicum, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Kalsi KK, González-Alonso J. Temperature-dependent release of ATP from human erythrocytes: mechanism for the control of local tissue perfusion. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:419-32. [PMID: 22227202 PMCID: PMC3380561 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.064238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human limb muscle and skin blood flow increases significantly with elevations in temperature, possibly through physiological processes that involve temperature-sensitive regulatory mechanisms. Here we tested the hypothesis that the release of the vasodilator ATP from human erythrocytes is sensitive to physiological increases in temperature both in vitro and in vivo, and examined potential channel/transporters involved. To investigate the source of ATP release, whole blood, red blood cells (RBCs), plasma and serum were heated in vitro to 33, 36, 39 and 42°C. In vitro heating augmented plasma or ‘bathing solution’ ATP in whole blood and RBC samples, but not in either isolated plasma or serum samples. Heat-induced ATP release was blocked by niflumic acid and glibenclamide, but was not affected by inhibitors of nucleoside transport or anion exchange. Heating blood to 42°C enhanced (P < 0.05) membrane protein abundance of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in RBCs. In a parallel in vivo study in humans exposed to whole-body heating at rest and during exercise, increases in muscle temperature from 35 to 40°C correlated strongly with elevations in arterial plasma ATP (r2 = 0.91; P = 0.0001), but not with femoral venous plasma ATP (r2 = 0.61; P = 0.14). In vitro, however, the increase in ATP release from RBCs was similar in arterial and venous samples heated to 39°C. Our findings demonstrate that erythrocyte ATP release is sensitive to physiological increases in temperature, possibly via activation of CFTR-like channels, and suggest that temperature-dependent release of ATP from erythrocytes might be an important mechanism regulating human limb muscle and skin perfusion in conditions that alter blood and tissue temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameljit K Kalsi
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
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Ebner A, Schillers H, Hinterdorfer P. Normal and pathological erythrocytes studied by atomic force microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 736:223-241. [PMID: 21660731 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-105-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) are the most common type of blood cells in vertebrates. Many diseases and dysfunctions directly affect their structure and function. Employing the atomic force microscope (AFM) physical, chemical, and biological/physiological properties of RBCs can be studied even under near-physiological conditions. In this chapter, we present the application of different AFM techniques to investigate and compare normal and pathological RBCs. We give a detailed description for nondestructive immobilization of whole intact RBCs and explain preparation techniques for isolated native RBC membranes. High-resolution imaging of morphological details and pathological differences are demonstrated with healthy and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) erythrocytes revealing substructural changes due to SLE. We also present the technique of simultaneous topography and recognition imaging, which was used to map the distribution of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator sites on erythrocyte membranes in healthy and cystic fibrosis-positive RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ebner
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, Linz, Austria
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Lange T, Jungmann P, Haberle J, Falk S, Duebbers A, Bruns R, Ebner A, Hinterdorfer P, Oberleithner H, Schillers H. Reduced number of CFTR molecules in erythrocyte plasma membrane of cystic fibrosis patients. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 23:317-23. [PMID: 16923725 DOI: 10.1080/09687860600738304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common genetic disease among Caucasians, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). The most frequent mutation, DeltaF508, results in protein misfolding and, as a consequence, prevents CFTR from reaching its final location at the cell surface. CFTR is expressed in various cell types including red blood cells. The functional role of CFTR in erythrocytes is still unclear. Since the number of CFTR copies in a single erythrocyte of healthy donors and CF patients with a homozygous DeltaF508 mutation is unknown, we counted CFTR, localized in erythrocyte plasma membrane, at the single molecule level. A novel experimental approach combining atomic force microscopy with quantum-dot-labeled anti-CFTR antibodies, used as topographic surface markers, was employed to detect individual CFTR molecules. Analysis of erythrocyte plasma membranes taken from healthy donors and CF patients with a homozygous DeltaF508 mutation reveals mean (SEM) values of 698 (12.8) (n=542) and 172 (3.8) (n=538) CFTR molecules per red blood cell, respectively. We conclude that erythrocytes reflect the CFTR status of the organism and that quantification of CFTR in a blood sample could be useful in the diagnosis of CFTR related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lange
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Muenster, Germany
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Scheuplein F, Schwarz N, Adriouch S, Krebs C, Bannas P, Rissiek B, Seman M, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F. NAD+ and ATP released from injured cells induce P2X7-dependent shedding of CD62L and externalization of phosphatidylserine by murine T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2898-908. [PMID: 19234185 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular NAD(+) and ATP trigger the shedding of CD62L and the externalization of phosphatidylserine on murine T cells. These events depend on the P2X(7) ion channel. Although ATP acts as a soluble ligand to activate P2X(7), gating of P2X(7) by NAD(+) requires ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ART2.2-catalyzed transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD(+) onto Arg125 of P2X(7). Steady-state concentrations of NAD(+) and ATP in extracellular compartments are highly regulated and usually are well below the threshold required for activating P2X(7). The goal of this study was to identify possible endogenous sources of these nucleotides. We show that lysis of erythrocytes releases sufficient levels of NAD(+) and ATP to induce activation of P2X(7). Dilution of erythrocyte lysates or incubation of lysates at 37 degrees C revealed that signaling by ATP fades more rapidly than that by NAD(+). We further show that the routine preparation of primary lymph node and spleen cells induces the release of NAD(+) in sufficient concentrations for ART2.2 to ADP-ribosylate P2X(7), even at 4 degrees C. Gating of P2X(7) occurs when T cells are returned to 37 degrees C, rapidly inducing CD62L-shedding and PS-externalization by a substantial fraction of the cells. The "spontaneous" activation of P2X(7) during preparation of primary T cells could be prevented by i.v. injection of either the surrogate ART substrate etheno-NAD or ART2.2-inhibitory single domain Abs 10 min before sacrificing mice.
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Scambi C, De Franceschi L, Guarini P, Poli F, Siciliano A, Pattini P, Biondani A, La Verde V, Bortolami O, Turrini F, Carta F, D'Orazio C, Assael BM, Faccini G, Bambara LM. Preliminary evidence for cell membrane amelioration in children with cystic fibrosis by 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation: a single arm trial. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4782. [PMID: 19277125 PMCID: PMC2652076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common fatal autosomal recessive disorders in the Caucasian population caused by mutations of gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). New experimental therapeutic strategies for CF propose a diet supplementation to affect the plasma membrane fluidity and to modulate amplified inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and vitamin B12 supplementation for ameliorating cell plasma membrane features in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Methodology and Principal Findings A single arm trial was conducted from April 2004 to March 2006 in an Italian CF care centre. 31 children with CF aged from 3 to 8 years old were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, chronic infections of the airways and regular antibiotics intake. Children with CF were supplemented for 24 weeks with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF, 7.5 mg /day) and vitamin B12 (0.5 mg/day). Red blood cells (RBCs) were used to investigate plasma membrane, since RBCs share lipid, protein composition and organization with other cell types. We evaluated RBCs membrane lipid composition, membrane protein oxidative damage, cation content, cation transport pathways, plasma and RBCs folate levels and plasma homocysteine levels at baseline and after 24 weeks of 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation. In CF children, 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation (i) increased plasma and RBC folate levels; (ii) decreased plasma homocysteine levels; (iii) modified RBC membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition; (iv) increased RBC K+ content; (v) reduced RBC membrane oxidative damage and HSP70 membrane association. Conclusion and Significance 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation might ameliorate RBC membrane features of children with CF. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00730509
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Scambi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology & Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Ebner A, Nikova D, Lange T, Häberle J, Falk S, Dübbers A, Bruns R, Hinterdorfer P, Oberleithner H, Schillers H. Determination of CFTR densities in erythrocyte plasma membranes using recognition imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:384017. [PMID: 21832576 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/38/384017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) is a cAMP-regulated chloride (Cl(-)) channel that plays an important role in salt and fluid movement across epithelia. Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common genetic disease among Caucasians, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding CFTR. The most predominant mutation, F508del, disturbs CFTR protein trafficking, resulting in a reduced number of CFTR in the plasma membrane. Recent studies indicate that CFTR is not only found in epithelia but also in human erythrocytes. Although considerable attempts have been made to quantify CFTR in cells, conclusions on numbers of CFTR molecules localized in the plasma membrane have been drawn indirectly. AFM has the power to provide the needed information, since both sub-molecular spatial resolution and direct protein recognition via antibody-antigen interaction can be observed. We performed a quantification study of the CFTR copies in erythrocyte membranes at the single molecule level, and compared the difference between healthy donors and CF patients. We detected that the number of CFTR molecules is reduced by 70% in erythrocytes of cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ebner
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Imaging CFTR in its native environment. Pflugers Arch 2007; 456:163-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bentzen PJ, Lang E, Lang F. Curcumin induced suicidal erythrocyte death. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 19:153-64. [PMID: 17310109 DOI: 10.1159/000099203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural nutrient component Curcumin with anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity has previously been shown to stimulate apoptosis of several nucleated cell types. The present study has been performed to explore whether Curcumin could similarly induce suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Phosphatidylserine exposing cells are phagocytosed and thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. Erythrocyte membrane scrambling may be triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) activity or formation of ceramide. To test for eryptosis, erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure has been estimated from annexin V binding, and erythrocyte volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis. Exposure of erythrocytes to Curcumin (= 1 microM) increased annexin V binding and decreased forward scatter, pointing to phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface and cell shrinkage. According to Fluo3 fluorescence Curcumin increased cytosolic Ca(2+) activity and according to immunofluorescence Curcumin increased ceramide formation. As shown previously, hypertonic shock (addition of 550mM sucrose), chloride removal and glucose depletion decreased the forward scatter and increased annexin V binding. The effects on annexin binding were enhanced in the presence of Curcumin. Exposure to Curcumin did, however, not significantly enhance the shrinking effect of hypertonic shock or Cl(-) removal and reversed the shrinking effect of glucose withdrawal. The present observations disclose a proeryptotic effect of Curcumin which may affect the life span of circulating erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bentzen
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Stumpf A, Almaca J, Kunzelmann K, Wenners-Epping K, Huber SM, Haberle J, Falk S, Duebbers A, Walte M, Oberleithner H, Schillers H. IADS, a decomposition product of DIDS activates a cation conductance in Xenopus oocytes and human erythrocytes: new compound for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 18:243-52. [PMID: 17167229 DOI: 10.1159/000097671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid) is a commonly used blocker of plasma membrane anion channels and transporters. We observed that DIDS undergoes decomposition while stored in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) forming a biologically active compound. One decomposition product, called IADS, was identified and synthesized. Voltage-clamp and patch clamp experiments on Xenopus laevis oocytes and human erythrocytes revealed that IADS is able to activate a plasma membrane cation conductance in both cell types. Furthermore, we found that IADS induces hemolysis in red blood cells of healthy donors but fails to hemolyze erythrocytes of donors with cystic fibrosis. Thus, IADS stimulated activation of a cation conductance could form the basis for a novel diagnostic test of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Stumpf
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Stumpf A, Wenners-Epping K, Wälte M, Lange T, Koch HG, Häberle J, Dübbers A, Falk S, Kiesel L, Nikova D, Bruns R, Bertram H, Oberleithner H, Schillers H. Physiological concept for a blood based CFTR test. Cell Physiol Biochem 2006; 17:29-36. [PMID: 16543719 DOI: 10.1159/000091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) could be involved in the volume regulation of human red blood cells (RBC). Experiments were based on two gadolinium (Gd(3+)) sensitive mechanisms, i.e. inhibition of ATP release (thetaATP(i)) and membrane destabilization. RBC of either cystic fibrosis (CF) patients or healthy donors (non-CF) were exposed to KCl buffer containing Gd(3+). A significantly larger quantity of non-CF RBC (2.55 %) hemolyzed as compared to CF RBC (0.89 %). It was found that both of the Gd(3+) mechanisms simultaneously are needed to achieve hemolysis, since either overriding thetaATP(i) by exogenous ATP addition prevented Gd(3+) induced hemolysis, or mimicking thetaATP(i) by apyrase in absence of Gd(3+) could not trigger hemolysis. Additionally, ion driven volume uptake was found to be a prerequisite for Gd3+ induced hemolysis as chloride and potassium channel blockers reduced the Gd(3+) response. The results show that in non-CF RBC Gd(3+) exerts its dual effect leading to hemolysis. On the contrary, in CF RBC, lacking CFTR dependent ATP release, the sole Gd(3+) effect of membrane destabilization is not sufficient to induce hemolysis similar to non-CF. This concept could form the basis of a novel method suitable for testing CFTR function in a blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Stumpf
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Germany.
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Assef YA, Cavarra SM, Damiano AE, Ibarra C, Kotsias BA. Ionic currents in multidrug resistant K562 human leukemic cells. Leuk Res 2005; 29:1039-47. [PMID: 16038730 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 12/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the expression and functional characterization of currents through the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) and ORCC (outwardly rectifying chloride channels) were determined in wild-type K562 chronic human leukemia cells (K562-WT) and in its resistant counterpart, the vincristine resistant cell line (K562-Vinc). Expression of the CFTR and MDR1 (multidrug resistant) gene products was determined by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR protocol. The amplified products in K562-WT and K562-Vinc showed two bands corresponding to CFTR and MDR1. MDR1 mRNA increased by 20-fold in K562-Vinc whereas no change in CFTR mRNA levels was observed. CFTR and ORCC channel activity were measured with a whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Forskolin (40 microM n activator of adenylate cyclase, added to the extracellular side increased the current in both cell lines. A fraction of the activated whole cell currents was inhibited by 500 microM 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and subsequent addition of 500 microM diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC plus DIDS) further inhibited the remaining currents. The levels of forskolin-activated currents and subsequent blockade were similar in both cell lines. The effect of forskolin was prevented in cells previously exposed to 500 microM DPC. The effects of DIDS and DPC on the forskolin-activated whole cell currents support the idea that both CFTR and ORCC are generating a significant fraction of these currents with DIDS inhibiting ORCC currents and DPC inhibiting CFTR currents when the blockers are added one after another to the extracellular side. Finally, we show that exposure of K562 cells to vincristine which results in the over expression of MDR1 is not accompanied by a significant down regulation of CFTR as in other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina A Assef
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari and Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1427 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Huber SM, Duranton C, Lang F. Patch-clamp analysis of the "new permeability pathways" in malaria-infected erythrocytes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2005; 246:59-134. [PMID: 16164967 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(05)46003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intraerythrocytic amplification of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum induces new pathways of solute permeability in the host cell's membrane. These pathways play a pivotal role in parasite development by supplying the parasite with nutrients, disposing of the parasite's metabolic waste and organic osmolytes, and adapting the host's electrolyte composition to the parasite's needs. The "new permeability pathways" allow the fast electrogenic diffusion of ions and thus can be analyzed by patch-clamp single-channel or whole-cell recording. By employing these techniques, several ion-channel types with different electrophysiological profiles have been identified in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes; they have also been identified in noninfected cells. This review discusses a possible contribution of these channels to the new permeability pathways on the one hand and their supposed functions in noninfected erythrocytes on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Huber
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Liang G, Stephenson AH, Lonigro AJ, Sprague RS. Erythrocytes of humans with cystic fibrosis fail to stimulate nitric oxide synthesis in isolated rabbit lungs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H1580-5. [PMID: 15591098 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00807.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) of either rabbits or healthy humans are required to demonstrate the participation of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance in the isolated rabbit lung. The property of the erythrocyte that is responsible for the stimulation of NO synthesis was reported to be the ability to release ATP in response to physiological stimuli, including deformation. Moreover, a signal transduction pathway that relates mechanical deformation of erythrocytes to ATP release has been described, and the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a component, i.e., erythrocytes of individuals with CF do not release ATP in response to deformation. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that, in contrast to those of healthy humans, erythrocytes of humans with CF fail to stimulate endogenous NO synthesis in the isolated rabbit lung. We report that CFTR is a component of the membranes of both rabbit and human erythrocytes. The addition of the NO synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 muM) produced increases in vascular resistance in isolated rabbit lungs perfused with physiological salt solution (PSS) containing erythrocytes of healthy humans, but L-NAME was without effect when the lungs were perfused with PSS alone or PSS containing erythrocytes of CF patients. These results provide support for the hypothesis that, in CF, a defect in ATP release from erythrocytes could lead to decreased endogenous pulmonary NO synthesis and contribute to pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffith Liang
- Dept. of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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