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Pereira F, Fernández-Barral A, Larriba MJ, Barbáchano A, González-Sancho JM. From molecular basis to clinical insights: a challenging future for the vitamin D endocrine system in colorectal cancer. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 37699548 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life-threatening neoplasias in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of CRC. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ], the most active vitamin D metabolite, is a pleiotropic hormone that, through its binding to a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2 D3 acts on colon carcinoma and stromal cells and displays tumor protective actions. Here, we review the variety of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 in CRC, which affect multiple processes that are dysregulated during tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiological data that associate vitamin D deficiency and CRC, and the most relevant randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation conducted in both healthy individuals and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Gorbacheva A, Eremkina A, Goliusova D, Krupinova J, Mokrysheva N. The role of menin in bone pathology. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0494.R2. [PMID: 35148273 PMCID: PMC8942318 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is the most common cause of hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Bone disorders are considered one of the key symptoms in PHPT present with the significant reduction in bone mineral density and low-energy fractures. Previously, these bone disorders were believed to be caused solely by the increase in the level of parathyroid hormone and its subsequent effect on bone resorption. The current paradigm, however, states that the mutations in the menin gene, which cause the development of MEN1, can also affect the metabolism of the cells of the osteoid lineage. This review analyzes both the proven and the potential intracellular mechanisms through which menin can affect bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorbacheva
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Gorbacheva:
| | - Anna Eremkina
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Role of vitamin D 3 in selected malignant neoplasms. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110964. [PMID: 32877827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble essential nutrient that affects multiple biologic functions in the organism through calcitriol and the vitamin D3 receptor. This review article focuses on the results of studies on the relationship between the level of vitamin D3 and cancer incidence or mortality, but also on the anticancer properties of vitamin D3 that support its significant role in the prevention, clinical course, and overall survival rates of selected cancers (colorectal, prostate, breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, and malignant melanoma). The mechanisms of vitamin D3 action involve, among others, polymorphism of vitamin D3 receptor, cell cycle, caspases, and cancer stem cells. The level of vitamin D3 has been also demonstrated to serve as a biomarker in some cancers, and high levels of vitamin D3 can be conducive to successful cancer therapy.
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4
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Vitamin D Receptor Fok I Polymorphism and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HBV-Infected Patients. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.85075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Ferrer-Mayorga G, Larriba MJ, Crespo P, Muñoz A. Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in colon cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:1-6. [PMID: 29981368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the neoplasia that is most frequently associated with vitamin D deficiency in epidemiological and observational studies in terms of incidence and mortality. Many mechanistic studies show that the active vitamin D metabolite (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or calcitriol) inhibits proliferation and promotes epithelial differentiation of human colon carcinoma cell lines that express vitamin D receptor (VDR) via the regulation of a high number of genes. A key action underlining this effect is the multilevel inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whose abnormal activation in colon epithelial cells initiates and promotes CRC. Recently, our group has shown that calcitriol modulates gene expression and inhibits protumoral properties of patient-derived colon cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Accordingly, high VDR expression in tumor stromal fibroblasts is associated with longer survival of CRC patients. Moreover, many types of immune cells express VDR and are regulated by calcitriol, which probably contributes to its action against CRC. Given the role attributed to the intestinal microbiota in CRC and the finding that it is altered by vitamin D deficiency, an indirect antitumoral effect of calcitriol is also plausible at this level. In summary, calcitriol has an array of potential protective effects against CRC by acting on carcinoma cells, CAFs, immune cells and probably also the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Ferrer-Mayorga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ and CIBERONC, Arturo Duperier, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ and CIBERONC, Arturo Duperier, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Piero Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria and CIBERONC, E-39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ and CIBERONC, Arturo Duperier, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Application of vitamin D and vitamin D analogs in acute myelogenous leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 50:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Kanaki M, Tiniakou I, Thymiakou E, Kardassis D. Physical and functional interactions between nuclear receptor LXRα and the forkhead box transcription factor FOXA2 regulate the response of the human lipoprotein lipase gene to oxysterols in hepatic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:848-860. [PMID: 28576574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as VLDL and chylomicrons in the circulation. Mutations in LPL or its activator apolipoprotein C-II cause hypertriglyceridemia in humans and animal models. The levels of LPL in the liver are low but they can be strongly induced by a high cholesterol diet or by synthetic ligands of Liver X Receptors (LXRs). However, the mechanism by which LXRs activate the human LPL gene is unknown. In the present study we show that LXR agonists increased the mRNA and protein levels as well as the promoter activity of human LPL in HepG2 cells. A promoter deletion analysis defined the proximal -109/-28 region, which contains a functional FOXA2 element, as essential for transactivation by ligand-activated LXRα/RXRα heterodimers. Silencing of endogenous FOXA2 in HepG2 cells by siRNAs or by treatment with insulin compromised the induction of the LPL gene by LXR agonists whereas mutations in the FOXA2 site abolished the synergistic transactivation of the LPL promoter by LXRα/RXRα and FOXA2. Physical and functional interactions between LXRα and FOXA2 were established in vitro and ex vivo. In summary, the present study revealed a novel mechanism of human LPL gene induction by oxysterols in the liver with is based on physical and functional interactions between transcription factors LXRα and FOXA2. This mechanism, which may not be restricted to the LPL gene, is critically important for a better understanding of the regulation of cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in the liver under healthy or pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kanaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tiniakou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Efstathia Thymiakou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 71003, Greece,.
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Irazoqui AP, Boland RL, Buitrago CG. Actions of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 on the cellular cycle depend on VDR and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:331-43. [PMID: 25316911 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (1,25D) activates p38 MAPK (p38) in a vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent manner in proliferative C2C12 myoblast cells. It was also demonstrated that 1,25D promotes muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. However, we did not study these hormone actions in depth. In this study we have investigated whether the VDR and p38 participate in the signaling mechanism triggered by 1,25D. In C2C12 cells, the VDR was knocked down by a shRNA, and p38 was specifically inhibited using SB-203580. Results from cell cycle studies indicated that hormone stimulation prompts a peak of S-phase followed by an arrest in the G0/G1-phase, events which were dependent on VDR and p38. Moreover, 1,25D increases the expression of cyclin D3 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1), while cyclin D1 protein levels did not change during G0/G1 arrest. In all these events, p38 and VDR were required. At the same time, a 1,25D-dependent acute increase in myogenin expression was observed, indicating that the G0/G1 arrest of cells is a pro-differentiative event. Immunocytochemical assays revealed co-localization of VDR and cyclin D3, promoted by 1,25D in a p38-dependent manner. When cyclin D3 expression was silenced, VDR and myogenin levels were downregulated, indicating that cyclin D3 was required for 1,25D-induced VDR expression and the concomitant entrance into the differentiation process. In conclusion, the VDR and p38 are involved in control of the cellular cycle by 1,25D in skeletal muscle cells, providing key information on the mechanisms underlying hormone regulation of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Irazoqui
- INBIOSUR - CONICETDepartamento de Biología, Bioquímica and Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L Boland
- INBIOSUR - CONICETDepartamento de Biología, Bioquímica and Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Buitrago
- INBIOSUR - CONICETDepartamento de Biología, Bioquímica and Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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9
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Faisal M, Waseem D, Ismatullah H, Taqi MM. A molecular prospective provides new insights into implication of PDYN and OPRK1 genes in alcohol dependence. Comput Biol Med 2014; 53:250-7. [PMID: 25177835 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) both in coding and non-coding regions govern gene functions prompting differential vulnerability to diseases, heterogeneous response to pharmaceutical regimes and environmental anomalies. These genetic variations, SNPs, may alter an individual׳s susceptibility for alcohol dependence by remodeling DNA-protein interaction patterns in prodynorphin (PDYN) and the κ-opioid receptor (OPRK1) genes. In order to elaborate the underlying molecular mechanism behind these susceptibility differences we used bioinformatics tools to retrieve differential DNA-protein interactions at PDYN and OPRK1 SNPs significantly associated with alcohol dependence. Our results show allele-specific DNA-protein interactions depicting allele-specific mechanisms implicated in differential regulation of gene expression. Several transcription factors, for instance, VDR, RXR-alpha, NFYA, CTF family, USF-1, USF2, ER, AR and predominantly SP family show an allele-specific binding affinity with PDYN gene; likewise, GATA, TBP, AP-1, USF-2, C/EBPbeta, Cart-1 and ER interact with OPRK1 SNPs on intron 2 in an allele-specific manner. In a nutshell, transition of a single nucleotide may modify differential DNA-protein interactions at OPRK1 and PDYN׳s SNPs, significantly associated with pathology that may lead to altered individual vulnerability for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Durdana Waseem
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Ismatullah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Milczarek M, Filip-Psurska B, Swiętnicki W, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Vitamin D analogs combined with 5-fluorouracil in human HT-29 colon cancer treatment. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:491-504. [PMID: 24919507 PMCID: PMC4091879 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor effect of two synthetic analogs of vitamin D, namely PRI-2191 [(24R)-1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3] and PRI-2205 (5,6-trans calcipotriol), in combined human colon HT-29 cancer treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Mice bearing HT-29 tumors transplanted subcutaneously or orthotopically were injected with vitamin D analogs and 5-FU in various schedules. A statistically significant inhibition of subcutaneous or orthotopic tumor growth was observed as a result of combined therapy. In HT-29 tumors and in cells from in vitro culture, we observed increased vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression after treatment with either PRI-2205 or 5-FU alone, or in combination. Moreover, PRI-2205 decreased the percentage of cells from intestinal tumors in G2/M and S stages and increased sub-G1. Increased VDR expression was also observed after combined treatment of mice with 5-FU and PRI-2191. Moreover, our docking studies showed that PRI-2205 has stronger affinity for VDR, DBP and CAR/RXR ligand binding domains than PRI-2191. PRI-2191 analog, used with 5-FU, increased the percentage of subcutaneous tumor cells in G0/G1 and decreased the percentage in G2/M, S and sub-G1 populations as compared to 5-FU alone. In in vitro studies, we observed increased expression of p21 and p-ERK1/2 diminution via use of both analogs as compared to use of 5-FU alone. Simultaneously, PRI-2191 antagonizes some pro-apoptotic activities of 5-FU in vitro. However, in spite of these disadvantageous effects in terms of apoptosis, the therapeutic effect expressed as tumor growth retardation by PRI-2191 is significant. Our results suggest that the mechanism of potentiation of 5-FU antitumor action by both analogs is realized via increased p21 expression and decreased p-ERK1/2 level which may lead to diminution of thymidylate synthase expression. Higher binding affinity for VDR, DBP, but also for CAR\RXR ligand binding domain of PRI-2205 may, in part, explain its very low toxicity with sustained anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Kutner
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Marchwicka A, Cebrat M, Sampath P, Snieżewski L, Marcinkowska E. Perspectives of differentiation therapies of acute myeloid leukemia: the search for the molecular basis of patients' variable responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d and vitamin d analogs. Front Oncol 2014; 4:125. [PMID: 24904835 PMCID: PMC4034350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy of cancer is ~40 years old. Despite many encouraging results obtained in laboratories, both in vitro and in vivo studies, the only really successful clinical application of differentiation therapy was all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-based therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA, which induces granulocytic differentiation of APL leukemic blasts, has revolutionized the therapy of this disease by converting it from a fatal to a curable one. However, ATRA does not work for other acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is capable of inducing monocytic differentiation of leukemic cells, the idea of treating other AMLs with vitamin D analogs (VDAs) was widely accepted. Also, some types of solid cancers responded to in vitro applied VDAs, and hence it was postulated that VDAs can be used in many clinical applications. However, early clinical trials in which cancer patients were treated either with 1,25D or with VDAs, did not lead to conclusive results. In order to search for a molecular basis of such unpredictable responses of AML patients toward VDAs, we performed ex vivo experiments using patient’s blast cells. Experiments were also performed using 1,25D-responsive and 1,25D-non-responsive cell lines, to study their mechanisms of resistance toward 1,25D-induced differentiation. We found that one of the possible reasons might be due to a very low expression level of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA in resistant cells, which can be increased by exposing the cells to ATRA. Our considerations concerning the molecular mechanism behind the low VDR expression and its regulation by ATRA are reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Preetha Sampath
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Lukasz Snieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Irazoqui AP, Boland RL, Buitrago CG. WITHDRAWN: VDR involvement in 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-action on cellular cycle in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013:S0960-0760(13)00214-8. [PMID: 24184698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Irazoqui
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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13
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Lương KVQ, Nguyễn LTH. Theoretical basis of a beneficial role for vitamin D in viral hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5338-50. [PMID: 23082050 PMCID: PMC3471102 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatitis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to the pathology of viral hepatitis (i.e., the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, the vitamin D receptor, cytochrome P450, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, toll-like receptor, and the proteins regulated by the Sp1 promoter gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effects on viral hepatitis via non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, endothelial vascular growth factor, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin D could have a beneficial role in viral hepatitis. Calcitriol is best used for viral hepatitis because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite.
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Jiang Y, Fleet JC. Phorbol esters enhance 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-regulated 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) gene expression through ERK-mediated phosphorylation of specific protein 3 (Sp3) in Caco-2 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 361:31-9. [PMID: 22871965 PMCID: PMC3414851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) increased 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced human 25 hydroxyvitamin d-24 hydroxylase (hCYP24A1) gene expression and vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding to the hCYP24A1 promoter. It did not alter transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) expression, VDR binding to the TRPV6 promoter, or VDR binding to a crude chromatin preparation. PMA activated Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and inhibiting these kinases reduced 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced and PMA-enhanced hCYP24A1 promoter activity. Mithramycin A inhibits Specific Protein (Sp) family member binding to DNA and reduced 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced and PMA-enhanced hCYP24A1 promoter activity. Sp1 or Sp3 siRNA knockdown reduced 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-regulated hCYP24A1 promoter activity but only Sp3 siRNA reduced PMA-enhanced hCYP24A1 promoter activity. PMA increased MAPK-dependent Sp3 phosphorylation, Sp3-VDR interactions, and Sp3 binding to the hCYP24A1 promoter. These data suggest that MAPK signaling contributes to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced and PMA-enhanced CYP24A1 gene transcription by modulating Sp3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, United States.
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15
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Li Q, Gao Y, Jia Z, Mishra L, Guo K, Li Z, Le X, Wei D, Huang S, Xie K. Dysregulated Krüppel-like factor 4 and vitamin D receptor signaling contribute to progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:799-810.e2. [PMID: 22677193 PMCID: PMC3653768 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor and putative tumor suppressor. However, little is known about its effects in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. We investigated the clinical significance, biologic effects, and mechanisms of dysregulated KLF4 signaling. METHODS We performed microarray analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. We used molecular biology analyses and animal models to evaluate activation and function of KLF4-vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway. RESULTS Expression of KLF4 protein was decreased or lost in primary HCC samples, in particular, lymph node metastases, compared with normal liver tissues. Loss of KLF4 from primary tumors was significantly associated with reduced survival time and was identified as a prognostic marker. Most human HCC cell lines had losses or substantial decreases in levels of KLF4. Exogenous expression of KLF4 in HCC cells upregulated expression of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and inhibited their migration, invasion, and proliferation in vitro. When these cells were injected into mice, tumors grew more slowly and metastasis was inhibited, compared with HCC cells that did not express KLF4. VDR is a direct transcriptional target of KLF4; we identified 2 sites in the VDR promoter that bound specifically to KLF4. Increased expression of VDR sensitized tumor cells to the inhibitory effects of vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS KLF4 binds to the promoter of VDR to regulate its expression; levels of KLF4 are reduced and levels of VDR are increased in HCC cell lines and primary tumor samples. Expression of KLF4 in HCC cells sensitizes them to the anti-proliferative effects of VD3. This pathway might be manipulated to prevent or treat liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Progression
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Tissue Array Analysis/methods
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Gao
- Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangdong Le
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Lu'o'ng KVQ, Nguyên LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2011; 26:511-20. [PMID: 22202127 PMCID: PMC10845314 DOI: 10.1177/1533317511429321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly individuals and is associated with progressive neurodegeneration of the human neocortex. Patients with AD have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which is also associated with low mood and impaired cognitive performance in older people. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to AD pathology (ie, the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, vitamin D receptor, renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, Sp1 promoter gene, and the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effect on AD through nongenomic factors, that is, L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, nerve growth factor, the prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase 2, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D clearly has a beneficial role in AD and improves cognitive function in some patients with AD. Calcitriol, 1 α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is best used for AD because of its active form of vitamin D(3) metabolite and its receptor in the central nervous system.
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Wang YT, Yang WB, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Interplay of Posttranslational Modifications in Sp1 Mediates Sp1 Stability during Cell Cycle Progression. J Mol Biol 2011; 414:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Wang WLW, Chatterjee N, Chittur SV, Welsh J, Tenniswood MP. Effects of 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and testosterone on miRNA and mRNA expression in LNCaP cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:58. [PMID: 21592394 PMCID: PMC3112430 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence from epidemiological and in vitro studies that the biological effects of testosterone (T) on cell cycle and survival are modulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in prostate cancer. To investigate the cross talk between androgen- and vitamin D-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, the individual and combined effects of T and 1,25(OH)2D3 on global gene expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells were assessed. Results Stringent statistical analysis identifies a cohort of genes that lack one or both androgen response elements (AREs) or vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in their promoters, which are nevertheless differentially regulated by both steroids (either additively or synergistically). This suggests that mechanisms in addition to VDR- and AR-mediated transcription are responsible for the modulation of gene expression. Microarray analysis shows that fifteen miRNAs are also differentially regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 and T. Among these miR-22, miR-29ab, miR-134, miR-1207-5p and miR-371-5p are up regulated, while miR-17 and miR-20a, members of the miR-17/92 cluster are down regulated. A number of genes implicated in cell cycle progression, lipid synthesis and accumulation and calcium homeostasis are among the mRNA targets of these miRNAs. Thus, in addition to their well characterized effects on transcription, mediated by either or both cognate nuclear receptors, 1,25(OH)2D3 and T regulate the steady state mRNA levels by modulating miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation, generating attenuation feedback loops that result in global changes in mRNA and protein levels. Changes in genes involved in calcium homeostasis may have specific clinical importance since the second messenger Ca2+ is known to modulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell death and cell motility, which affects prostate cancer tumor progression and responsiveness to therapy. Conclusions These data indicate that these two hormones combine to drive a differentiated phenotype, and reinforce the idea that the age dependent decline in both hormones results in the de-differentiation of prostate tumor cells, which results in increased proliferation, motility and invasion common to aggressive tumors. These studies also reinforce the potential importance of miRNAs in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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20
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Hughes PJ, Marcinkowska E, Gocek E, Studzinski GP, Brown G. Vitamin D3-driven signals for myeloid cell differentiation--implications for differentiation therapy. Leuk Res 2009; 34:553-65. [PMID: 19811822 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Primitive myeloid leukemic cell lines can be driven to differentiate to monocyte-like cells by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), and, therefore, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may be useful in differentiation therapy of myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Recent studies have provided important insights into the mechanism of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated differentiation. For myeloid progenitors to complete monocytic differentiation a complex network of intracellular signals has to be activated and/or inactivated in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) achieves this change to the 'signaling landscape' by (i) direct genomic modulation of the level of expression of key regulators of cell signaling and differentiation pathways, and (ii) activation of intracellular signaling pathways. An improved understanding of the mode of action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is facilitating the development of new therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hughes
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK
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21
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Obradovic D, Zanca C, Vogl A, Trümbach D, Deussing J, Condorelli G, Rein T. Vitamin D3 signalling in the brain enhances the function of phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes--15 kD (PEA-15). J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:3315-28. [PMID: 19382910 PMCID: PMC4516488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of growing evidence linking vitamin D3 levels to mental health disorders, little is known about its direct targets in the brain. This study set out to investigate targets of vitamin D3 in a human brain stem cell line. We employed arrays with antibodies directed against more than 600 structural and signalling proteins, including phospho-variants. Over 180 proteins responded to vitamin D3, such as cyclin-dependent protein-serine kinase 1/2, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase, protein kinase A, protein-serine kinase Bγ and protein-serine kinase Cα. PEA-15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15 kD, also known as PED), known to be involved in various anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects, was strongly up-regulated. In silico promoter analysis revealed conserved binding sites for vitamin D3 receptor, suggesting a strong vitamin D3 dependency of the PEA-15 promoter. PEA-15 up-regulation by vitamin D3 could be confirmed by Western blot in two different cell lines. Analysis of mRNA and protein phosphorylation status of PEA-15 suggests that increased PEA-15 promoter activity and increased protein stabilization contribute to the overall rise of PEA-15 protein. In a functional test of this novel pathway, we demonstrated that vitamin D3 was able to rescue cells from TRAIL-induced apoptosis through regulation of the PEA-15 expression and function. Summarized, our study presents novel targets of vitamin D3 relevant for apoptosis and cell proliferation, and thus strongly supports a function of vitamin D3 in the brain that impacts on processes highly relevant for major neurological disorders.
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23
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Moeenrezakhanlou A, Shephard L, Lam L, Reiner NE. Myeloid cell differentiation in response to calcitriol for expression CD11b and CD14 is regulated by myeloid zinc finger-1 protein downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:519-28. [PMID: 18495781 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1207833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series differentiate in response to calcitriol. This is accompanied by increased expression of both CD11b and CD14 and has been shown to be phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dependent. The events downstream of PI3K that regulate mononuclear phagocyte gene expression, however, remain to be fully understood. In the present study, we show that incubation of THP-1 cells with calcitriol brings about activation of the myeloid zinc finger-1 (MZF-1) transcription factor dependent upon PI3K. In addition, we show that the proximal promoter regions of both CD11b and CD14 contain functional MZF-1 binding sites that are calcitriol responsive. Site-directed mutagenesis of the putative MZF-1 elements abolished MZF-1 binding to the promoters of both CD11b and CD14. Not only did calcitriol treatment increase MZF-1 DNA binding activity to these sites, but it also up-regulated cellular levels of MZF-1. Silencing of MZF-1 resulted in a markedly blunted response to calcitriol for induction of both CD11b and CD14 mRNA transcript levels. Cell surface expression of CD11b and CD14 was also reduced, but to a lesser extent. Taken together, these results show that MZF-1 is involved downstream of PI3K in a calcitriol-induced signaling pathway leading to myeloid cell differentiation and activation of CD11b and CD14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Moeenrezakhanlou
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), University of British Columbia, Rm. 452D, 2733 Heather St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
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Wierstra I. Sp1: emerging roles--beyond constitutive activation of TATA-less housekeeping genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:1-13. [PMID: 18364237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Wietrzyk J, Nevozhay D, Milczarek M, Filip B, Kutner A. Toxicity and antitumor activity of the vitamin D analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1907 in combined treatment with cyclophosphamide in a mouse mammary cancer model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 62:787-97. [PMID: 18188568 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Active and less toxic vitamin D analogs could be useful for clinical applications. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity and antitumor effect of two new synthetic analogs of vitamin D, namely PRI-1906 [(24E)-24a-Homo-(1S)-1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol] and its side-chain unsaturated homo analog PRI-1907. METHODS The toxicity and calcemic activity, as well as antitumor effect of calcitriol analogs was investigated in vivo. The studies were performed in a mouse mammary 16/C cancer model. Since calcitriol and its analogs inhibited 16/C tumor growth only slightly, we applied them in the combined therapy with cyclophosphamide (CY). Moreover, cell cycle analysis and VDR and p27 expression were investigated. RESULTS The LD50 values after five daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections were 7.8, 10.0 and 2.4 microg/kg per day for calcitriol, PRI-1906 and PRI-1907, respectively. The serum calcium level increased to 40, 23 and 63% over the control for these compounds. We also compare the antitumor activity of the PRI-1906 with the calcitriol and previously studied PRI-2191 (1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3, tacalcitol). Statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth by calcitriol up to the eighth day was observed in all schedules applied. PRI-1906 inhibited the tumor growth at doses 1 and 5 microg/kg per day, and PRI-2191 only at the dose 5 microg/kg per day. CONCLUSION Addition of vitamin D analogs increased the antitumor effect of CY. PRI-1906 exhibited toxicity higher than PRI-2191 but lower than calcitriol and antitumor activity similar to both PRI-2191 and calcitriol. This new analog seems to be a good candidate for the combined treatment of mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 12 R. Weigla St., 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland,
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Thymiakou E, Zannis VI, Kardassis D. Physical and functional interactions between liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor and Sp1 modulate the transcriptional induction of the human ATP binding cassette transporter A1 gene by oxysterols and retinoids. Biochemistry 2007; 46:11473-83. [PMID: 17887732 DOI: 10.1021/bi700994m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lipid transporter ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) promotes the efflux of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I and thus initiates the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The expression of the ABCA1 gene is controlled, coordinately with other genes of HDL metabolism, by liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) heterodimers and their ligands oxysterols and retinoids. In the present study, we show that the oxysterol/retinoid-induced transcription of the ABCA1 gene is modulated by the ubiquitous transcription factor Sp1 that binds to the proximal ABCA1 promoter, adjacently to the LXR/RXR responsive element. The response of the ABCA1 gene to oxysterols/retinoids as well as the ligand-inducible recruitment of Sp1 and RXRalpha/LXRalpha heterodimers to the ABCA1 promoter was blocked by mithramycin A, a well-known Sp1 inhibitor. Using SL2 cells which lack endogenous Sp1, we showed that activation of the ABCA1 promoter by LXRalpha/RXRalpha heterodimers and their ligands requires Sp1. Functional interactions between these factors were demonstrated using the GAL4 transactivation system. Using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that physical interactions between Sp1 and LXRalpha require the N-terminal region of LXRalpha, which includes the AF1 and DNA binding domains and two different domains of Sp1: the transactivation domain B and the DNA binding domain. Overall, the present study revealed a novel mechanism of regulation of the human ABCA1 transporter which involves synergistic interactions between oxysterol/retinoid-inducible hormone nuclear receptors and the transcription factor Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Thymiakou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece
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