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Kamolphiwong R, Kanokwiroon K, Wongrin W, Chaiyawat P, Klangjorhor J, Settakorn J, Teeyakasem P, Sangphukieo A, Pruksakorn D. Potential target identification for osteosarcoma treatment: Gene expression re-analysis and drug repurposing. Gene X 2023; 856:147106. [PMID: 36513192 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rate of osteosarcoma has remained plateaued for the past three decades. New treatment is needed to improve survival rate. Drug repurposing, a method to identify new indications of previous drugs, which saves time and cost compared to the de novo drug discovery. Data mining from gene expression profile was carried out and new potential targets were identified by using drug repurposing strategy. Selected data were newly categorized as pathophysiology and metastasis groups. Data were normalized and calculated the differential gene expression. Genes with log fold change ≥ 2 and adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 were selected as primary candidate genes (PCGs). PCGs were further enriched to determine the secondary candidate genes (SCGs) by protein interaction analysis, upstream transcription factor and related-protein kinase identification. PCGs and SCGs were further matched with gene targeted of corresponding drugs from the Drug Repurposing Hub. A total of 778 targets were identified (360 from PCGs, and 418 from SCGs). This newly identified KLHL13 is a new candidate target based on its molecular function. KLHL13 was upregulated in clinical samples. We found 256 drugs from matching processes (50anti-cancerand206non-anticancerdrugs). Clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs from 5 targets (CDK4, BCL-2, JUN, SRC, PIK3CA) are being performed for osteosarcoma treatment. Niclosamide and synthetic PPARɣ ligands are candidates for repurposing due to the possibility based on their mechanism and pharmacology properties. Re-analysis of gene expression profile could identify new potential targets, confirm a current implication, and expand the chance of repurposing drugs for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawikant Kamolphiwong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Weerinrada Wongrin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Jongkolnee Settakorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sangphukieo
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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Paerhati P, Liu J, Jin Z, Jakoš T, Zhu S, Qian L, Zhu J, Yuan Y. Advancements in Activating Transcription Factor 5 Function in Regulating Cell Stress and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137129. [PMID: 35806136 PMCID: PMC9266924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) belongs to the activating transcription factor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein family of basic region leucine zipper transcription factors. ATF5 plays an important role in cell stress regulation and is involved in cell differentiation and survival, as well as centrosome maintenance and development. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that ATF5 plays an oncogenic role in cancer by regulating gene expressions involved in tumorigenesis and tumor survival. Recent studies have indicated that ATF5 may also modify the gene expressions involved in other diseases. This review explores in detail the regulation of ATF5 expression and signaling pathways and elucidates the role of ATF5 in cancer biology. Furthermore, an overview of putative therapeutic strategies that can be used for restoring aberrant ATF5 activity in different cancer types is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pameila Paerhati
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China; (P.P.); (J.L.); (Z.J.); (T.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China; (P.P.); (J.L.); (Z.J.); (T.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhedong Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China; (P.P.); (J.L.); (Z.J.); (T.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tanja Jakoš
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China; (P.P.); (J.L.); (Z.J.); (T.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shunyin Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lan Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (S.Z.); (L.Q.)
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China; (P.P.); (J.L.); (Z.J.); (T.J.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yunsheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China; (P.P.); (J.L.); (Z.J.); (T.J.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) promotes tumorigenic capability and activates the Wnt/b-catenin pathway in bladder cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:660. [PMID: 34895217 PMCID: PMC8665506 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In bladder cancer, up to 70% of patients will relapse after resection within 5 years, in which the mechanism underlying the recurrence remains largely unclear. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted. The assays of tumor sphere formation and tumor xenograft were further performed to assess the potential biological roles of ATF5 (activating transcription factor 5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and luciferase activity assays were carried out to explore the potential molecular mechanism. A two-tailed paired Student's t-test, χ2 test, Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses. Results ATF5 is elevated in bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA) tissues, especially in recurrent BLCA, which confers a poor prognosis. Overexpressing ATF5 significantly enhanced, whereas silencing ATF5 inhibited, the capability of tumor sphere formation in bladder cancer cells. Mechanically, ATF5 could directly bind to and stimulate the promoter of DVL1 gene, resulting in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions This study provides a novel insight into a portion of the mechanism underlying high recurrence potential of BLCA, presenting ATF5 as a prognostic factor or potential therapeutic target for preventing recurrence in BLCA.
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Pagani F, Tratta E, Dell'Era P, Cominelli M, Poliani PL. EBF1 is expressed in pericytes and contributes to pericyte cell commitment. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:333-347. [PMID: 34272603 PMCID: PMC8550016 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Early B-cell factor-1 (EBF1) is a transcription factor with an important role in cell lineage specification and commitment during the early stage of cell maturation. Originally described during B-cell maturation, EBF1 was subsequently identified as a crucial molecule for proper cell fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts and muscle cells. In vessels, EBF1 expression and function have never been documented. Our data indicate that EBF1 is highly expressed in peri-endothelial cells in both tumor vessels and in physiological conditions. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis suggest that EBF1-expressing peri-endothelial cells represent bona fide pericytes and selectively express well-recognized markers employed in the identification of the pericyte phenotype (SMA, PDGFRβ, CD146, NG2). This observation was also confirmed in vitro in human placenta-derived pericytes and in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP). Of note, in accord with the key role of EBF1 in the cell lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells, EBF1-silenced HBVP cells showed a significant reduction in PDGFRβ and CD146, but not CD90, a marker mostly associated with a prominent mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, NG2 and TGF-β, cytokines produced by pericytes during angiogenesis and linked to their differentiation and activation, were also significantly reduced. Overall, the data suggest a functional role of EBF1 in the cell fate commitment toward the pericyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Elisa Tratta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dell'Era
- Cellular Fate Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Medical School, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy.
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Zhang T, Yang Y, Yin X, Wang X, Ni J, Dong Z, Li C, Lu W. Two loss-of-function ANKRD11 variants in Chinese patients with short stature and a possible molecular pathway. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:710-718. [PMID: 33354850 PMCID: PMC7898801 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
KBG syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial features, and intellectual disability. Heterozygous mutations in ANKRD11 gene, or deletion of 16q24.3 that includes ANKRD11 gene are the cause of KBG syndrome. We describe two patients presenting with short stature and partial facial features, whereas no intellectual disability or hearing loss was observed in them. Two ANKRD11 variants, c.4039_4041del (p. Lys1347del) and c.6427C > G (p. Leu2143Val), were identified in this study. Both of them were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) by ACMG/AMP guidelines and were inherited from their mothers. ANKRD11 could enhance the transactivation of p21 gene, which was identified to participate in chondrogenic differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that the knockdown of ANKRD11 could reduce the p21-promoter luciferase activities while re-introduction of wild type ANKRD11, but not ANKRD11 variants (p. Lys1347del or p. Leu2143Val), could restore the p21 levels. Thus, our study report two loss-of-function ANKRD11 variants which might provide new insight on pathogenic mechanism that correlates ANKRD11 variants with the short stature phenotype of KBG syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of PediatricsRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yun Yang
- School of MedicineGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Xueling Yin
- Department of PediatricsRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of PediatricsRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jihong Ni
- Department of PediatricsRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiya Dong
- Department of PediatricsRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of PediatricsRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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6
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Laminins in osteogenic differentiation and pluripotency maintenance. Differentiation 2020; 114:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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3D Culture of MSCs on a Gelatin Microsphere in a Dynamic Culture System Enhances Chondrogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082688. [PMID: 32294921 PMCID: PMC7215541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancement in cartilage tissue engineering has explored the potential of 3D culture to mimic the in vivo environment of human cartilaginous tissue. Three-dimensional culture using microspheres was described to play a role in driving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to chondrocyte lineage. However, factors such as mechanical agitation on cell chondrogenesis during culture on the microspheres has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we compared the 2D and 3D culture of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on gelatin microspheres (GMs) in terms of MSC stemness properties, immune-phenotype, multilineage differentiation properties, and proliferation rate. Then, to study the effect of mechanical agitation on chondrogenic differentiation in 3D culture, we cultured BMSCs on GM (BMSCs-GM) in either static or dynamic bioreactor system with two different mediums, i.e., F12: DMEM (1:1) + 10% FBS (FD) and chondrogenic induction medium (CIM). Our results show that BMSCs attached to the GM surface and remained viable in 3D culture. BMSCs-GM proliferated faster and displayed higher stemness properties than BMSCs on a tissue culture plate (BMSCs-TCP). GMs also enhanced the efficiency of in-vitro chondrogenesis of BMSCs, especially in a dynamic culture with higher cell proliferation, RNA expression, and protein expression compared to that in a static culture. To conclude, our results indicate that the 3D culture of BMSCs on gelatin microsphere was superior to 2D culture on a standard tissue culture plate. Furthermore, culturing BMSCs on GM in dynamic culture conditions enhanced their chondrogenic differentiation.
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Zhang S, Chen JJ. Requirement of activating transcription factor 5 for murine fetal liver erythropoiesis. Br J Haematol 2020; 188:582-585. [PMID: 31524288 PMCID: PMC10463772 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is necessary for the development of various tissues, particularly under stress. Dysfunctions of ATF5 have been shown to be involved in many diseases. The exact function of ATF5 is tissue-specific, and its role in erythropoiesis is still unknown. We here employed the loss of function strategy to investigate the role of ATF5 in murine erythropoiesis. We found that knockdown of Atf5 impaired the proliferation of fetal liver erythroid progenitors. Furthermore, erythroid differentiation was inhibited by ATF5 deficiency. Our study suggests that ATF5 may be a potential therapeutic target for treating blood diseases with ineffective erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jane-Jane Chen
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Li L, Bi Z, Wadgaonkar P, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Thakur C, Wang L, Chen F. Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in the arsenic-induced cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 57:10-18. [PMID: 31009762 PMCID: PMC6690805 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
At present, the belief that genetic mutations control every aspect of tumorigenesis is still very popular. Even for the highly debated "bad luck" theory of cancers, it ascertained that random mutation of genes during the self-renewal of somatic stem cells is responsible for cancer initiation. Logically, most of the new therapeutic strategies so far, from molecular targeting to precision medicine or personalized medicine, are genome-obsessed and focused on identifying and targeting these mutated genes. Accordingly, a rather simplified therapeutic regimen was formulated: cancers with the same mutations, e.g., lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, etc, were managed with the same chemo or targeting medicine, whereas for a particular cancer, such as breast cancer or lung cancer, with different mutational spectrums was treated with different, so-called personalized medicine. The outcomes of this strategy, however, are mixed with encouraging and disappointing findings. In this review article, we will address the importance of non-genetic factors, the metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, during the induction of cancer stem cells in response to arsenic, a major environmental human carcinogen. The information provided may not only advance our understanding of carcinogenic mechanism to a new level but also help in designing new strategies through targeting the metabolic and epigenetic signaling pathways for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 115, Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Zhuodaoquanbei Road, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yongju Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Chitra Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Sears TK, Angelastro JM. The transcription factor ATF5: role in cellular differentiation, stress responses, and cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84595-84609. [PMID: 29137451 PMCID: PMC5663623 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a cellular prosurvival transcription factor within the basic leucine zipper (bZip) family that is involved in cellular differentiation and promotes cellular adaptation to stress. Recent studies have characterized the oncogenic role of ATF5 in the development of several different types of cancer, notably glioblastoma. Preclinical assessment of a systemically deliverable dominant-negative ATF5 (dnATF5) biologic has found that targeting ATF5 results in tumor regression and tumor growth inhibition of glioblastoma xenografts in mouse models. In this review, we comprehensively and critically detail the current scientific literature on ATF5 in the context of cellular differentiation, survival, and response to stressors in normal tissues. Furthermore, we will discuss how the prosurvival role of ATF5 aides in cancer development, followed by current advances in targeting ATF5 using dominant-negative biologics, and perspectives on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Sears
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
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Ishihara S, Yasuda M, Ishizu A, Ishikawa M, Shirato H, Haga H. Activating transcription factor 5 enhances radioresistance and malignancy in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4602-14. [PMID: 25682872 PMCID: PMC4467102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is effective for treating various types of tumors. However, some cancer cells survive after irradiation and repopulate tumors with highly malignant phenotypes that correlate with poor prognosis. It is not known how cancer cells survive and generate malignant tumors after irradiation. Here, we show that activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) promotes radioresistance and malignancy in cancer cells after irradiation. In the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, cancer cells express high levels of ATF5, which promotes cell cycle progression and thereby increases radioresistance. Furthermore, ATF5 increases malignant phenotypes, such as cell growth and invasiveness, in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We have identified a new mechanism for the regeneration of highly malignant tumors after irradiation and shown that ATF5 plays a key role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Ishihara
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Motoaki Yasuda
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masayori Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Research Center for Cooperative Projects, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Potential Role of Activating Transcription Factor 5 during Osteogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:5282185. [PMID: 26770207 PMCID: PMC4684884 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5282185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells are an abundant population of stem cells readily isolated from human adipose tissue that can differentiate into connective tissue lineages including bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle. Activating transcription factor 5 is a transcription factor of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) family. It is transcribed in two types of mRNAs (activating transcription factor 5 isoform 1 and activating transcription factor 5 isoform 2), encoding the same single 30-kDa protein. Although it is well demonstrated that it regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, little is known about its potential role in osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of the two isoforms and protein during osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Our data indicate that activating transcription factor 5 is differentially expressed reaching a peak of expression at the stage of bone mineralization. These findings suggest that activating transcription factor 5 could play an interesting regulatory role during osteogenesis, which would provide a powerful tool to study bone physiology.
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Leong DT, Ng KW. Probing the relevance of 3D cancer models in nanomedicine research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:95-106. [PMID: 24996135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, 2D cell culture format on plastic has been the main workhorse in cancer research. Though many important understandings of cancer cell biology were derived using this platform, it is not a fair representation of the in vivo scenario. In this review, both established and new 3D cell culture systems are discussed with specific references to anti-cancer drug and nanomedicine applications. 3D culture systems exploit more realistic spatial, biochemical and cellular heterogeneity parameters to bridge the experimental gap between in vivo and in vitro settings when studying the performance and efficacy of novel nanomedicine strategies to manage cancer. However, the complexities associated with 3D culture systems also necessitate greater technical expertise in handling and characterizing in order to arrive at meaningful experimental conclusions. Finally, we have also provided future perspectives where cutting edge 3D culture technologies may be combined with under-explored technologies to build better in vitro cancer platforms.
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Tijore A, Wen F, Lam CRI, Tay CY, Tan LP. Modulating human mesenchymal stem cell plasticity using micropatterning technique. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113043. [PMID: 25401734 PMCID: PMC4234627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, we have reported that enforced elongation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) through micropatterning promoted their myocardial lineage commitment. However, whether this approach is robust enough to retain the commitment when subsequently subjected to different conditions remains unsolved. This de-differentiation, if any, would have significant implication on the application of these myocardial-like hMSCs either as tissue engineered product or in stem cell therapy. Herein, we investigated the robustness of micropatterning induced differentiation by evaluating the retention of myocardial differentiation in patterned hMSCs when challenged with non-myocardial differentiation cues. Altogether, we designed four groups of experiments; 1) Patterned hMSCs cultured in normal growth medium serving as a positive control; 2) Patterned hMSCs cultured in normal growth medium for 14 days followed by osteogenic and adipogenic media for next 7 days (to study the robustness of the effect of micropatterning); 3) Patterned hMSCs (initially grown in normal growth medium for 14 days) trypsinized and recultured in different induction media for next 7 days (to study the robustness of the effect of micropatterning without any shape constrain) and 4) Patterned hMSCs cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic media for 14 days (to study the effects of biochemical cues versus biophysical cues). It was found that hMSCs that were primed to commit to myocardial lineage (Groups 2 and 3) were able to maintain myocardial lineage commitment despite subsequent culturing in osteogenic and adipogenic media. However, for hMSCs that were not primed (Group 4), the biochemical cues seem to dominate over the biophysical cue in modulating hMSCs differentiation. It demonstrates that cell shape modulation is not only capable of inducing stem cell differentiation but also ensuring the permanent lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Tijore
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Ren Ivan Lam
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Kedong S, Wenfang L, Yanxia Z, Hong W, Ze Y, Mayasari L, Tianqing L. Dynamic Fabrication of Tissue-Engineered Bone Substitutes Based on Derived Cancellous Bone Scaffold in a Spinner Flask Bioreactor System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1331-1343. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Kodali A, Lim TC, Leong DT, Tong YW. Cell-microsphere constructs formed with human adipose-derived stem cells and gelatin microspheres promotes stemness, differentiation, and controlled pro-angiogenic potential. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1458-68. [PMID: 24986523 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Translation of stem cell therapies to clinical stage requires viable delivery vehicles that can control stem cell behavior. In this study, the suitability of gelatin microspheres (GMs) as such a tissue engineering platform for human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) is investigated. ADSCs on GMs, show a significant upregulation of well known pluripotent marker genes, together with the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages of adipocytes, osteocytes, and hepatocytes. In addition, the pro-angiogenic ability of ADSC-GMs is also enhanced compared to ADSCs on 2D culture plates. These results suggest that GMs can be a suitable culture platform for ADSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kodali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Araña M, Mazo M, Aranda P, Pelacho B, Prosper F. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, expansion, and characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1036:47-61. [PMID: 23807785 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-511-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, cell therapy has emerged as a potentially new approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Among the wide range of cell types and sources, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise, mainly due to its plasticity and remarkable paracrine-secretion capacity, largely demonstrated at the in vitro and in vivo levels. Furthermore, its accessibility and abundance, the low morbidity of the surgical procedure, its easy isolation, culture, and long-term passaging capacity added to its immunomodulatory properties that could allow its allogeneic transplantation, making it one of the most attractive candidates for clinical application. In this chapter, we will focus on the methodology for the isolation, expansion, phenotypical characterization, differentiation, and storage of the adipose-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Araña
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Cancer, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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p300-dependent acetylation of activating transcription factor 5 enhances C/EBPβ transactivation of C/EBPα during 3T3-L1 differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:315-24. [PMID: 24216764 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00956-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a multistep process by which 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes through mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and terminal differentiation. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is an important transcription factor that takes part in both of these processes. C/EBPβ not only transactivates C/EBPα and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which cause 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to enter terminal adipocyte differentiation, but also is required to activate cell cycle genes necessary for MCE. The identification of potential cofactors of C/EBPβ will help to explain how C/EBPβ undertakes these specialized roles during the different stages of adipogenesis. In this study, we found that activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) can bind to the promoter of C/EBPα via its direct interaction with C/EBPβ (which is mediated via the p300-dependent acetylation of ATF5), leading to enhanced C/EBPβ transactivation of C/EBPα. We also show that p300 is important for the interaction of ATF5 with C/EBPβ as well as for the binding activity of this complex on the C/EBPα promoter. Consistent with these findings, overexpression of ATF5 and an acetylated ATF5 mimic both promoted 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation, whereas short interfering RNA-mediated ATF5 downregulation inhibited this process. Furthermore, we show that the elevated expression of ATF5 is correlated with an obese phenotype in both mice and humans. In summary, we have identified ATF5 as a new cofactor of C/EBPβ and examined how C/EBPβ and ATF5 (acetylated by a p300-dependent mechanism) regulate the transcription of C/EBPα.
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