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Jeung S, Kim S, Ah J, Seo S, Jan U, Lee H, Lee JI. Exploring the Tumor-Associated Risk of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:994. [PMID: 38612233 PMCID: PMC11010833 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been actively applied in veterinary regenerative medicine to treat various canine and feline diseases. With increasing emphasis on safe cell-based therapies, evaluations of their tumorigenic potential are in great demand. However, a direct confirmation of whether tumors originate from stem cells or host cells is not easily achievable. Additionally, previous studies evaluating injections of high doses of MSCs into nude mice did not demonstrate tumor formation. Recent research focused on optimizing MSC-based therapies for veterinary patients, such as MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in treating different diseases. This progress also signifies a broader shift towards personalized veterinary medicine, where treatments can be tailored to individual pets based on their unique genetic profiles. These findings related to different treatments using MSCs emphasize their future potential for veterinary clinical applications. In summary, because of lower tumor-associated risk of MSCs as compared to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, MSCs are considered a suitable source for treating various canine and feline diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jeung
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegon Ah
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanghyuk Seo
- VIP Animal Medical Center, 73, Dongsomun-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02830, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (S.K.); (J.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Umair Jan
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Ik Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Saadh MJ, Mohamed AH, Almoyad MAA, Allela OQB, Amin AH, Malquisto AA, Jin WT, Sârbu I, AlShamsi F, Elsaid FG, Akhavan-Sigari R. Dual role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their cell-free extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3962. [PMID: 38491792 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths. However, the surgical control of the CRC progression is difficult, and in most cases, the metastasis leads to cancer-related mortality. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) with potential translational applications in regenerative medicine have been widely researched for several years. MSCs could affect tumor development through secreting exosomes. The beneficial properties of stem cells are attributed to their cell-cell interactions as well as the secretion of paracrine factors in the tissue microenvironment. For several years, exosomes have been used as a cell-free therapy to regulate the fate of tumor cells in a tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the recent advances and current understanding of assessing MSC-derived exosomes for possible cell-free therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - April Ann Malquisto
- Abuyog Community College, Abuyog Leyte, Philippines
- ESL Science Teacher, Tacloban City, Tacloban, Philippines
- Department of Art Sciences and Education, Tacloban City, Philippines
| | - Wong Tze Jin
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
| | - Faisal AlShamsi
- Dubai Health Authority, Primary Health Care Department, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahmy Gad Elsaid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Asir, Abha, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Dolatshahi M, Bahrami AR, Sheikh QI, Ghanbari M, Matin MM. Gastric cancer and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: from pro-tumorigenic effects to anti-cancer vehicles. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:1-19. [PMID: 38151649 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world, with a high mortality rate in both women and men. Conventional treatments, like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, are facing some drawbacks like acquired drug resistance and various side effects, leading to cancer recurrence and increased morbidity; thus, development of novel approaches in targeted therapy would be very beneficial. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a size distribution of sub-150 nm, interplay in physiological and pathophysiological cell-cell communications and can pave the way for targeted cancer therapy. Accumulating pieces of evidence have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXs) can act as a double-edged sword in some cancers. The purpose of this review is to assess the differences between stem cell therapy and exosome therapy. Moreover, our aim is to demonstrate how naïve MSCs transform into GC-MSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the tumorigenic and anti-proliferation effects of MSC-EXs derived from different origins were investigated. Finally, we suggest potential modifications and combination options that involve utilizing MSC-EXs from the foreskin and umbilical cord as promising sources to enhance the efficacy of gastric cancer treatment. This approach is presented in contrast to bone marrow cells, which are more heterogeneous, age-related, and are also easily affected by the patient's circulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dolatshahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Qaiser Iftikhar Sheikh
- School of Biosciences, Western Bank, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Wang D, Xiao S, Li X, Qi W. CircNCOA4 knockdown attenuates OGD-induced neuron injury through miR-338-5p/PDE4B axis. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2561-2574. [PMID: 37716929 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed to be involved in the pathology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Herein, we aimed to study the role and mechanism of circNCOA4 in ischemic stroke. The neuron-like cell line SK-N-SH of the experiment group was cultured in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. The oxidative damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were analyzed by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ERS-related markers. The binding between miR-338-5p and circNCOA4 or PDE4B (Phosphodiesterase 4B) was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. The commercial kit was used for exosome separation. The levels of circNCOA4 and PDE4B were increased, while miR-338-5p expression was decreased by OGD stimulation. OGD stimulation resulted in the apoptosis of neurons and induced oxidative damage and ERS, these effects were attenuated by circNCOA4 knockdown, while reinforced by circNCOA4 overexpression. Mechanistically, circNCOA4 acted as a sponge for miR-338-5p, and PDE4B was a target of miR-338-5p. MiR-338-5p inhibition reversed the neuroprotective effects of circNCOA4 silencing on neurons. Besides, miR-338-5p overexpression could abolish OGD-induced neuron injury, which was reversed by PDE4B upregulation. In addition, circNCOA4 was packaged into exosomes and showed potential diagnostic value for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. CircNCOA4 has potential diagnostic value for AIS patients and promoted OGD-induced neuron injury via the miR-338-5p/PDE4B axis, providing a new insight into the pathology of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Sai Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Wenbo Qi
- Quality Management Division, Qingdao Mental Health Center, No. 299, Nanjing Road, North District, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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5
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Kan CM, Pei XM, Yeung MHY, Jin N, Ng SSM, Tsang HF, Cho WCS, Yim AKY, Yu ACS, Wong SCC. Exploring the Role of Circulating Cell-Free RNA in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11026. [PMID: 37446204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) has recently emerged as a novel and attractive liquid biomarker. CtRNA is capable of providing important information about the expression of a variety of target genes noninvasively, without the need for biopsies, through the use of circulating RNA sequencing. The overexpression of cancer-specific transcripts increases the tumor-derived RNA signal, which overcomes limitations due to low quantities of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The purpose of this work is to present an up-to-date review of current knowledge regarding ctRNAs and their status as biomarkers to address the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer. The final section of the article discusses the practical aspects involved in analyzing plasma ctRNA, including storage and isolation, detection technologies, and their limitations in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Ming Kan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nana Jin
- Codex Genetics Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Alorda-Clara M, Reyes J, Trelles-Guzman MG, Florido M, Roca P, Pons DG, Oliver J. Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Bowel Lavage Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087391. [PMID: 37108550 PMCID: PMC10138310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and is detected in late stages because of a lack of early and specific biomarkers. Tumors can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which participate in different functions, such as carrying nucleic acids to target cells; promoting angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis; and preparing an adequate tumor microenvironment. Finally, bowel lavage fluid (BLF) is a rarely used sample that is obtained during colonoscopy. It presents low variability and protein degradation, is easy to handle, and is representative of EVs from tumor cells due to proximity of the sample collection. This sample has potential as a research tool and possible biomarker source for CRC prognosis and monitoring. In this study, EVs were isolated from human BLF by ultracentrifugation, then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. EV concentration was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and tetraspanins were determined by Western blot, confirming correct EV isolation. RNA, DNA, and proteins were isolated from these EVs; RNA was used in real-time PCR, and proteins were used in an immunoblotting analysis, indicating that EV cargo is optimal for use and study. These results indicate that EVs from BLF can be a useful tool for CRC study and could be a source of biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Spain
| | - Marita Grimanesa Trelles-Guzman
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Spain
| | - Monica Florido
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Heck KA, Lindholm HT, Niederdorfer B, Tsirvouli E, Kuiper M, Flobak Å, Lægreid A, Thommesen L. Characterisation of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines through Proteomic Profiling of Their Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010003. [PMID: 36648961 PMCID: PMC9844407 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, driven by several factors including deregulations in intracellular signalling pathways. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized protein-packaged particles released from cells, which are present in liquid biopsies. Here, we characterised the proteome landscape of sEVs and their cells of origin in three CRC cell lines HCT116, HT29 and SW620 to explore molecular traits that could be exploited as cancer biomarker candidates and how intracellular signalling can be assessed by sEV analysis instead of directly obtaining the cell of origin itself. Our findings revealed that sEV cargo clearly reflects its cell of origin with proteins of the PI3K-AKT pathway highly represented in sEVs. Proteins known to be involved in CRC were detected in both cells and sEVs including KRAS, ARAF, mTOR, PDPK1 and MAPK1, while TGFB1 and TGFBR2, known to be key players in epithelial cancer carcinogenesis, were found to be enriched in sEVs. Furthermore, the phosphopeptide-enriched profiling of cell lysates demonstrated a distinct pattern between cell lines and highlighted potential phosphoproteomic targets to be investigated in sEVs. The total proteomic and phosphoproteomics profiles described in the current work can serve as a source to identify candidates for cancer biomarkers that can potentially be assessed from liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Heck
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T. Lindholm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Niederdorfer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirini Tsirvouli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Kuiper
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsmund Flobak
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Lægreid
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Thommesen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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8
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Pourgholamali B, Sohrabi B, Salbi M, Akbari S, Rastan I, Sayaf M, Jalil AT, Kadhim MM, Sheervalilou R, Mehrzad N. Bioinformatic Analysis Divulged Novel Prognostic Circulating MicroRNAs and Their Potential Target Genes in Breast Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:283-297. [PMID: 36074234 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is both an inherited and environmental-based disease which is the leading cause of death among women. Early detection of BC can prevent invasion and metastasis in patients. Currently, researchers endeavor to find non-invasive biological markers from body fluids. Circulating non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) can potentially be valuable prognostic and detective biomarkers. To identify novel miRNA-based biomarkers, we utilized bioinformatic tools. To reach this goal, the miRNA expression profiles of GSE31309, GSE 44,281, GSE98181, and GSE118782 were analyzed through a limma package of R. Target gene prediction of differentially expressed miRNAs, called differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), between samples of healthy individuals and BC patients was implemented through Multimir package of R. Functional enrichment analysis of predicted target genes through Enrich R (online database) revealed that most of the genes are enriched in the mitochondrial outer membrane for cellular component, intrinsic apoptotic signaling regulations for biological processes, transcription co-receptor activity for molecular functions, and dopaminergic synapse pathway. Furthermore, our survival analysis results revealed that miR-29c and mir-361 have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pourgholamali
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behnoush Sohrabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Mandana Salbi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Iman Rastan
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shiraz Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Sayaf
- Azad University Central Tehran Branch Faculty of Basic Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Mustafa M Kadhim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.,Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Mehrzad
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Histostar-Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Electrochemical Detection of Exosomes. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090704. [PMID: 36140089 PMCID: PMC9496618 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are gaining growing interest owing to their various structures and versatility. Since their specific physical–chemical characteristics endow them great usage potentiality in biosensing, we herein have synthesized spherical COFs with regular shape and good dispersion, which are further used for the design of a novel nanoprobe by modifying Histostar on the surface of the COFs. Moreover, we have applied a nanoprobe for the fabrication of an electrochemical biosensor to detect exosomes. Since Histostar is a special polymer, conjugated with many secondary antibodies (IgG), and HRP can increase the availability of HRP at the antigenic site, the biosensor can have a strong signal amplification ability. Meanwhile, since COFs with high porosity can be loaded with a huge amount of Histostar, the sensitivity of the biosensor can be further improved. With such a design, the proposed biosensor can achieve a low exosomes detection limit of 318 particles/µL, and a wide linear detection range from 103 particles/µL to 108 particles/µL. So, this work may offer a promising platform for the ultrasensitive detection of exosomes.
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10
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Karami Fath M, Anjomrooz M, Taha SR, Shariat Zadeh M, Sahraei M, Atbaei R, Fazlollahpour Naghibi A, Payandeh Z, Rahmani Z, Barati G. The therapeutic effect of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells on colorectal cancer: Toward cell-free therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154024. [PMID: 35905664 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known for its high mortality rate and affects more men than women. The treatment requires invasive surgical interventions, however, the progression of CRC metastasis is difficult to control in most cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their outstanding characteristics have been widely used in the treatment of degenerative diseases as well as cancers. They affect the tumor microenvironment through either cell-cell interactions or communications with their secretome. While stem cells may represent a dual role in tumor proliferation and progression, exosomes have attracted much attention as a cell-free therapy in CRC treatment. Exosomes derived from native or genetically modified MSCs, as well as exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), have been evaluated on CRC progression. Moreover, MSC-derived exosomes have been used as a carrier to deliver anticancer agents in colorectal cancer. In this review, we overview and discuss the current knowledge in both stem cell-based and cell-free exosome therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Anjomrooz
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Sahraei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raihaneh Atbaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Zobeir Rahmani
- Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Exosome-Derived Circ_0094343 Promotes Chemosensitivity of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating Glycolysis via the miR-766-5p/TRIM67 Axis. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:2878557. [PMID: 35854778 PMCID: PMC9286929 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2878557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Currently, the role of circ_0094343 (circPTEN) on the chemosensitivity of CRC remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of exosome-delivered circ_0094343 in the proliferation, glycolysis, and chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to detect the expression level of circ_0094343, miR-766-5p, and TRIM67 (Tripartite motif-containing 67) in CRC clinical tissue samples and cells, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the morphology of exosomes, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) system to measure the diameter of exosomes. Besides, PKH67 fluorescent labeling was applied for assessing the level of exosome uptake by cells, MTT and cell clone formation assays for detecting cell proliferation and clone formation, respectively, and related kits for checking the glucose consumption, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in cells. Dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) gene assay was used for verifying the targeting relationship between circ_0094343 and miR-766-5p, miR-766-5p and TRIM67, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment for the interaction between circ_0094343 and miR-766-5p, and Western blot for the protein level of exosome surface antigens (HSP70, CD63) and TRIM67 in cells in exosomes and cell lysates. Results circ_0094343 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, chemotherapy-resistant CRC tissues, and metastatic CRC tissues. Moreover, exosomes-carried circ_0094343 played an inhibitory role in the proliferation, clone formation and glycolysis of HCT116 cells. Meanwhile, it could also improve the chemosensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and doxorubicin (Dox). Additionally, circ_0094343 acted as a sponge for miR-766-5p, and miR-766-5p targeted and regulated TRIM67. In CRC tissues, miR-766-5p expression was negatively correlated with TRIM67 expression, while circ_0094343 was positively associated with TRIM67. Further, mechanistic validation also demonstrated that circ_0094343 could inhibit HCT116 cell proliferation, clone formation, glycolysis, and chemotherapy resistance via the miR-766-5p/TRIM67 axis. Conclusion circ_0094343 inhibited the proliferation, clone formation and glycolysis of CRC cells and improved their chemosensitivity to various chemotherapeutic drugs via the miR-766-5p/TRIM67 axis. This finding may provide new insights into the treatment of CRC.
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Alorda-Clara M, Torrens-Mas M, Morla-Barcelo PM, Martinez-Bernabe T, Sastre-Serra J, Roca P, Pons DG, Oliver J, Reyes J. Use of Omics Technologies for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:817. [PMID: 35159084 PMCID: PMC8834235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with high mortality rates, especially when detected at later stages. Early detection of CRC can substantially raise the 5-year survival rate of patients, and different efforts are being put into developing enhanced CRC screening programs. Currently, the faecal immunochemical test with a follow-up colonoscopy is being implemented for CRC screening. However, there is still a medical need to describe biomarkers that help with CRC detection and monitor CRC patients. The use of omics techniques holds promise to detect new biomarkers for CRC. In this review, we discuss the use of omics in different types of samples, including breath, urine, stool, blood, bowel lavage fluid, or tumour tissue, and highlight some of the biomarkers that have been recently described with omics data. Finally, we also review the use of extracellular vesicles as an improved and promising instrument for biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alorda-Clara
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Pere Miquel Morla-Barcelo
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Toni Martinez-Bernabe
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Reyes
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; (M.A.-C.); (M.T.-M.); (P.M.M.-B.); (T.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (P.R.); (D.G.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Comarcal de Inca, E-07300 Inca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Rizk NI, Abulsoud AI, Kamal MM, Kassem DH, Hamdy NM. Exosomal-long non-coding RNAs journey in colorectal cancer: Evil and goodness faces of key players. Life Sci 2022; 292:120325. [PMID: 35031258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles (NVs) secreted by cells and take part in cell-cell communications. Lately, these exosomes were proved to have dual faces in cancer. Actually, they can contribute to carcinogenesis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). On the other hand, they can be potential targets for cancer treatment. CRC is one of the most frequent tumors worldwide, with incidence rates rising in the recent decades. In its early stage, CRC is asymptomatic with poor treatment outcomes. Therefore, finding a non-invasive, early diagnostic biomarker tool and/or suitable defender to combat CRC is mandatory. Exosomes provide enrichment and safe setting for their cargos non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, whose expression levels can be upregulated ordown-regulated in cancer. Hence, exosomes can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools for cancer. Moreover, exosomes can provide a novel potential therapeutic modality for tumors via loading with specific chemotherapeutic agents, with the advantage of possible tumor targeting. In this review, we will try to collect and address recent studies concerned with exosomes and their cargos' implications for CRC diagnosis and/or hopefully, treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal I Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys Branch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt; The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, BUE, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H Kassem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang N, Pei B, Yuan X, Yi C, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Qian H, Mao F. Emerging roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in gastrointestinal cancers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1019459. [PMID: 36338118 PMCID: PMC9631450 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1019459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumours are the most common solid tumours, with a poor prognosis and remain a major challenge in cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. Several studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes have become essential regulators of intercellular communication in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Notably, MSC-derived exosomes support or inhibit tumour progression in different cancers through the delivery of proteins, RNA, DNA, and bioactive lipids. Herein, we summarise current advances in MSC-derived exosomes in cancer research, with particular reference to their role in gastrointestinal tumour development. MSC-derived exosomes are expected to be a novel potential strategy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijian Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxue Yi
- School of Medical Technology, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hua Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Qian,
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Kim JH, Suh YJ, Park D, Yim H, Kim H, Kim HJ, Yoon DS, Hwang KS. Technological advances in electrochemical biosensors for the detection of disease biomarkers. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:309-334. [PMID: 34466275 PMCID: PMC8396145 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasing focus on health in contemporary society, interest in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases has grown rapidly. Accordingly, the demand for biosensors for the early diagnosis of disease is increasing. However, the measurement range of existing electrochemical sensors is relatively high, which is not suitable for early disease diagnosis, requiring the detection of small amounts of biocomponents. Various attempts have been made to overcome this and amplify the signal, including binding with various labeling molecules, such as DNA, enzymes, nanoparticles, and carbon materials. Efforts are also being made to increase the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors, and the combination of nanomaterials, materials, and biotechnology offers the potential to increase sensitivity in a variety of ways. Recent studies suggest that electrochemical sensors can be a powerful tool in providing comprehensive insights into the targeting and detection of disease-associated biomarkers. Significant advances in nanomaterial and biomolecule approaches for improved sensitivity have resulted in the development of electrochemical biosensors capable of detecting multiple biomarkers in real time in clinically relevant samples. In this review, we have discussed the recent studies on electrochemical sensors for detection of diseases such as diabetes, degenerative diseases, and cancer. Further, we have highlighted new technologies to improve sensitivity using various materials, including DNA, enzymes, nanoparticles, and carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Suh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsung Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoju Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongrae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro 26, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
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EVs delivery of miR-1915-3p improves the chemotherapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:1021-1031. [PMID: 34599680 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxaliplatin is a crucial component of the combinatorial chemotherapeutic standard of care for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, a serious barrier to effective oxaliplatin treatment is drug resistance due to epithelial-mesenchymal transitioning (EMT). Interestingly, stable oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines show differential expression of miR-1915-3p; thus, this microRNA may represent a potential modifier of oxaliplatin resistance in CRC cells. METHODS miR-1915-3p was over-expressed in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells and a non-tumorigenic intestinal cell line (FHC) via lentiviral transduction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were purified from transduced FHC cells and co-incubated with CRC cells. Expression levels of miR-1915-3p and other RNA species were assessed by RT-qPCR, while protein expression levels were assessed by Western blotting. The effects of miR-1915-3p on CRC viability were evaluated by proliferation, apoptosis assays, and Transwell assays. Effects of miR-1915-3p over-expression on in vivo oxaliplatin sensitivity was tested via murine xenograft models. RESULTS miRNA-1915-3p decreased EMT marker expression in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines and in vivo. FHC cells were able to produce and secrete miR-1915-3p-containing EVs, which we employed to mediate miR-1915-3p delivery to oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells and increase their oxaliplatin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-1915-3p overexpression downregulated the EMT-promoting oncogenes 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 (USP2) as well as upregulated E-cadherin (a cell adhesion mediator). miR-1915-3p's effects on chemosensitivity and EMT were mediated by its regulation of PFKFB3 and USP2. CONCLUSION Exosomal delivery of miR-1915-3p can improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy of oxaliplatin in CRC cells by suppressing the EMT-promoting oncogenes PFKFB3 and USP2.
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Padda J, Khalid K, Khedr A, Patel V, Al-Ewaidat OA, Tasnim F, Padda S, Cooper AC, Jean-Charles G. Exosome-Derived microRNA: Efficacy in Cancer. Cureus 2021; 13:e17441. [PMID: 34589347 PMCID: PMC8460558 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosome-derived microRNA (miRNA) has been the focus of attention in recent years. Mainly, their role in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer has been extensively studied. The different types of exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) act as either oncogenes or oncosupressors. They have potential prognostic and diagnostic efficacy in different types of cancer due to their high stability and easy detection in bodily fluids. This is especially true in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. However, their efficacy as potential therapies has not been widely investigated. This review will discuss the structure and functions of exosomes and miRNA, as well as the role of exomiRs in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer through boosting growth, promoting progression, chemotherapy resistance, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune system evasion. We will also discuss the application of exomiRs in diagnosing different types of cancer and their role in prognosis. Furthermore, we shed light on the challenges of developing therapeutic agents using miRNAs and how the carriage of therapeutic miRNA by exosomes can help solve these challenges. Finally, we examine recent studies exploring the potential of exomiRs in treating cancers such as neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anwar Khedr
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| | - Vinay Patel
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gutteridge Jean-Charles
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA.,Internal Medicine, Advent Health & Orlando Health Hospital, Orlando, USA
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CRISPR/Cas13-Based Platforms for a Potential Next-Generation Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer through Exosomes Micro-RNA Detection: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184640. [PMID: 34572866 PMCID: PMC8466426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, whereas a significant number of cases are diagnosed in late cancer stages, and survival rates drop dramatically. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) from cancer-derived exosomes have shown promising diagnosis potential. Our review aims to present CRISPR/Cas-based molecular platforms as an inexpensive, swift, and robust detection tool of cancer-derived exosome micro-RNAs to streamline future applications based on the novel CRISPR/Cas-based platforms to achieve early CRC diagnosis. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with the second highest mortality rate worldwide. CRC is a heterogenous disease with multiple risk factors associated, including obesity, smoking, and use of alcohol. Of total CRC cases, 60% are diagnosed in late stages, where survival can drop to about 10%. CRC screening programs are based primarily on colonoscopy, yet this approach is invasive and has low patient adherence. Therefore, there is a strong incentive for developing molecular-based methods that are minimally invasive and have higher patient adherence. Recent reports have highlighted the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, as intercellular communication vehicles with a broad cargo, including micro-RNAs (miRNAs). These have been syndicated as robust candidates for diagnosis, primarily for their known activities in cancer cells, including immunoevasion, tumor progression, and angiogenesis, whereas miRNAs are dysregulated by cancer cells and delivered by cancer-derived exosomes (CEx). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has shown good results detecting specific cancer-derived exosome micro-RNAs (CEx-miRNAs) associated with CRC, but qPCR also has several challenges, including portability and sensitivity/specificity issues regarding experiment design and sample quality. CRISPR/Cas-based platforms have been presented as cost-effective, ultrasensitive, specific, and robust clinical detection tools in the presence of potential inhibitors and capable of delivering quantitative and qualitative real-time data for enhanced decision-making to healthcare teams. Thereby, CRISPR/Cas13-based technologies have become a potential strategy for early CRC diagnosis detecting CEx-miRNAs. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas13-based platforms’ ease of use, scalability, and portability also showcase them as a potential point-of-care (POC) technology for CRC early diagnosis. This study presents two potential CRISPR/Cas13-based methodologies with a proposed panel consisting of four CEx-miRNAs, including miR-126, miR-1290, miR-23a, and miR-940, to streamline novel applications which may deliver a potential early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Maleki M, Golchin A, Javadi S, Khelghati N, Morovat P, Asemi Z, Alemi F, Vaghari-Tabari M, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Role of exosomal miRNA in chemotherapy resistance of Colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 101:1096-1112. [PMID: 34480511 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The third most common malignancy has been identified as Colorectal cancer (CRC) that conducive to death in most cases. Chemoresistance is a common obstacle to CRC treatment. Circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to reverse chemo-resistance and are promising biomarkers for CRC. The capacity of engineered exosomes to cross biological barriers and deliver functional miRNAs could be used to achieve these proposes. The object of this review is the investigation of the role of exosomal miRNA in the chemo-resistance, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRC. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus were searched from January 1990 to November 2020. Ultimately, eight articles included five in vitro (16 cell lines) and three in vivo examinations. Three studies demonstrated that increasing or decreasing mRNA expression was associated with increasing and decreasing cell proliferation in vitro. The presence of miRNA in two studies increased the sensitivity of the drug and exhibited a considerable growth inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation. The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in four studies by increased mRNA expression and reduced mrna expression. Tumor volume of xenograft models in three studies suppressed by antitumor miRNA activity. In contrast, anti-miRNA activity in one study decreased the tumor volume. Exosomal miRNAs can be regulators of chemo-resistance and predict adverse outcomes in CRC patients. In sum, exosomes containing miRNAs can be a promising biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC. Subsequent research should be a focus on delineating the function of exosomal miRNA before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masomeh Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asal Golchin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Samira Javadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khelghati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Pejman Morovat
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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20
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Sun R, He XY, Mei C, Ou CL. Role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:867-878. [PMID: 34457192 PMCID: PMC8371516 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of small extracellular vesicles, 30-150 nm in diameter, that transfer biological information (e.g., DNA, RNA, and protein) via cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes play critical roles in the occurrence and development of human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be encapsulated in exosomes, which transfer lncRNAs from secretory cells into recipient cells. This process affects the progression of CRC, since exosomal lncRNAs display special and extensive functions in CRC tumorigenesis, including malignant proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and inflammatory response. Moreover, due to their specificity and sensitivity, exosomal lncRNAs are released into body fluids (e.g., urine, sputum, and plasma), which have the potential to be biomarkers of CRC tumorigenesis within screening efforts and medical and epidemiologic research. In this review, we aim to clarify the function and mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs in CRC tumorigenesis and provide a strategy for early diagnosis and medical treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yun He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng Mei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chun-Lin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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21
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Zhou Y, Yu F, Cheng H, Ning L. Pancreatitis-Associated Extracellular Vesicle Identification through an Allosteric Probe-Initiated Cascade Amplification System. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17776-17781. [PMID: 34308013 PMCID: PMC8296005 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging class of noninvasive biomarkers, accurate quantification of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) is essential to both the basic biological research and early diagnosis of pancreatitis. We report here an allosteric probe-initiated cascade amplification system for a highly sensitive detection of serum-circulating EVs. In this method, the special recognition of EVs by the allosteric probes triggers allosterism of the probe and thus induces the release of a signal amplification initiator. Through the following multiple rounds of cascade amplifications, a large number of fluorescence moiety are released, generating an enhanced fluorescence signal. This method exhibits a large dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude. In addition, this strategy could also be performed under isothermal conditions in a wash-free way, indicating its potential applications in early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Clinical
Medical College of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Chenjiaqiao Hospital
Affiliated to Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Heng Cheng
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Chenjiaqiao Hospital
Affiliated to Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Linhong Ning
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Chenjiaqiao Hospital
Affiliated to Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal microRNA-3940-5p Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Targeting Integrin α6. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:1916-1927. [PMID: 32671583 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are potential tools for disease control by regulating intercellular communication through carrying proteins and RNAs between cells or remote organs. Exosome activities have aroused wide concerns in cancer biology and malignancy control. AIMS This study was performed to explore the roles of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. METHODS MSC-exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in CRC tissues were analyzed, and aberrantly expressed miRNAs in CRC tissues were obtained from the data available on the GEO database. Altered expression of miR-3940-5p was introduced to identify its role in CRC invasion and metastasis in both cell and animal models. The binding relationship between miR-3940-5p and Integrin alpha6 (ITGA6) was predicted on TargetScan and validated through a luciferase assay. The effects of ITGA6 on CRC were figured out. RESULTS MSC-derived exosomes carried miR-3940-5p into CRC cells. Up-regulation of miR-3940-5p inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of CRC cells, and suppressed the tumor metastasis and growth in vivo. miR-3940-5p was found to directly bind to ITGA6. Overexpression of ITGA6 promoted CRC cell invasion and EMT and tumor progression through upregulating the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling. A TGF-β1-specific antagonist, Disitertide, blocked the functions of ITGA6 both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION MSC-exosomal miR-3940-5p inhibits invasion and EMT of CRC cells as well as growth and metastasis of tumors through targeting ITGA6 and the following TGF-β1 inactivation. This study may provide novel insights into exosome-based treatment for CRC.
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23
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He J, Wu F, Han Z, Hu M, Lin W, Li Y, Cao M. Biomarkers (mRNAs and Non-Coding RNAs) for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer - From the Body Fluid to Tissue Level. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632834. [PMID: 33996548 PMCID: PMC8118670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been continuously improved, but the mortality rate continues to be high, especially in advanced patients. CRC patients usually have no obvious symptoms in the early stage and are already in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed. The 5-year survival rate is only 10%. The blood markers currently used to screen for CRC, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, have low sensitivity and specificity, whereas other methods are invasive or too expensive. As a result, recent research has shifted to the development of minimally invasive or noninvasive biomarkers in the form of body fluid biopsies. Non-coding RNA molecules are composed of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and circular RNAs, which have important roles in the occurrence and development of diseases and can be utilized for the early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. In this review, we focus on the latest findings of mRNA-ncRNA as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, from fluid to tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weida Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Umezu T, Takanashi M, Murakami Y, Ohno SI, Kanekura K, Sudo K, Nagamine K, Takeuchi S, Ochiya T, Kuroda M. Acerola exosome-like nanovesicles to systemically deliver nucleic acid medicine via oral administration. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:199-208. [PMID: 33850951 PMCID: PMC8010214 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles derived from mammalian cells could be useful carriers for drug delivery systems (DDSs); however, with regard to clinical application, there are several issues to be overcome. Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a popular health food. In this study, the feasibility of orally administered nucleic acid drug delivery by acerola exosome-like nanoparticles (AELNs) was examined. AELNs were recovered from acerola juice using an affinity column instead of ultracentrifugation. MicroRNA (miRNA) was sufficiently encapsulated in AELNs by 30-min incubation on ice and was protected against RNase, strong acid, and base treatments. The administration of an AELN/miRNA mixture in cells achieved downregulation of the miRNA’s target gene, and this mixture showed cytoplasmic localization. AELNs orally delivered small RNA to the digestive system in vivo. The target gene-suppressing effect in the small intestine and liver peaked 1 day after administration, indicating potential for use as an oral DDS for nucleic acid in the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Umezu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ohno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Preclinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagamine
- Research and Development, Global Innovation Center, Nichirei Biosciences inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Takeuchi
- Research and Development, Global Innovation Center, Nichirei Biosciences inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun J, Jia H, Bao X, Wu Y, Zhu T, Li R, Zhao H. Tumor exosome promotes Th17 cell differentiation by transmitting the lncRNA CRNDE-h in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:123. [PMID: 33495437 PMCID: PMC7835218 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells in tumor microenvironment play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. This study investigated the mechanism of Th17 cell differentiation in CRC with a focus on the role of tumor exosome-transmitted long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Exosomes were isolated from the CRC cells and serum of CRC patients. The role and mechanism of the lncRNA CRNDE-h transmitted by CRC exosomes in Th17 cell differentiation were assessed by using various molecular biological methods. The serum exosomal CRNDE-h level was positively correlated with the proportion of Th17 cells in the tumor-infiltrating T cells in CRC patients. CRC exosomes contained abundant CRNDE-h and transmitted them to CD4+ T cells to increase the Th17 cell proportion, RORγt expression, and IL-17 promoter activity. The underlying mechanism is that, CRNDE-h bound to the PPXY motif of RORγt and impeded the ubiquitination and degradation of RORγt by inhibiting its binding with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch. The in vivo experiments confirmed that the targeted silence of CRNDE-h in CD4+ T cells attenuated the CRC tumor growth in mice. The present findings demonstrated that the tumor exosome transmitted CRNDE-h promoted Th17 cell differentiation by inhibiting the Itch-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of RORγt in CRC, expanding our understanding of Th17 cell differentiation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Haowei Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xingqi Bao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Wang M, Pan Y, Wu S, Sun Z, Wang L, Yang J, Yin Y, Li G. Detection of colorectal cancer-derived exosomes based on covalent organic frameworks. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Zhong Y, Wang D, Ding Y, Tian G, Jiang B. Circular RNA circ_0032821 contributes to oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance of gastric cancer cells by regulating SOX9 via miR-515-5p. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:339-351. [PMID: 33123829 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles for gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Exosome-mediated transfer of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is associated with the drug-resistance in GC. Circ_0032821 has been reported as an oncogene in GC. This study is designed to explore the function and mechanism of Exosomal circ_0032821 in oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance of GC. RESULTS Circ_0032821 was highly expressed in OXA-resistant GC cells, and exosomes secreted by OXA-resistant GC cells. Moreover, circ_0032821-containing exosomes secreted by OXA-resistant GC cells could boost OXA resistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion in OXA-sensitive GC cells. The mechanical analysis discovered that circ_0032821 acted as a sponge of miR-515-5p to regulate SOX9 expression. Circ_0032821 silencing and OXA treatment repressed tumor growth in the GC mice model. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal circ_0032821 boosted OXA resistance of GC cells partly by the miR-515-5p/SOX9 axis, hinting a promising therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Yanle Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Guixin Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changle County Tangwu Town Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People's Hospital, No. 151, Guangwen Street, Kuiwen District, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China.
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang Y. Transgelins: Cytoskeletal Associated Proteins Implicated in the Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573859. [PMID: 33117801 PMCID: PMC7575706 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelins, including transgelin-1 (T-1), transgelin-2 (T-2), and transgelin-3 (T-3), are a family of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) that can alter the structure and morphology of the cytoskeleton. These proteins function by regulating migration, proliferation and apoptosis in many different cancers. Several studies have shown that in various types of tumor cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and in the tumor microenvironment, the expression and biological effects of transgelins are diverse and may transform during tumor progression. Previous researches have demonstrated that transgelin levels are positively correlated with metastasis in CRC, and down-regulating their expression can inhibit this process. In advanced disease, T-1 is a tumor activator with increasing expression, and T-2 expression increases with the progression of CRC. Finally, T-3 is only expressed in neurons and is not associated with CRC. This evidence suggests that T-1 and T-2 are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Discovery of small extracellular vesicle proteins from human serum for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Biochimie 2020; 177:132-141. [PMID: 32835735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common neoplastic transformation of the hepatocytes, which has high morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in Eastern Asia. HCC is also developed as a consequence of chronic liver cirrhosis, and both diseases are difficult to diagnosis and differentiate. Accurate noninvasive biomarkers for HCC and cirrhosis are urgently needed. In the search for novel candidates, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were isolated from the serum of liver cancer patients, liver cirrhosis patients, healthy control subjects, as well as the culture media of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and normal hepatocyte cells (Lo2). Isolated sEVs were confirmed by size distribution analysis, morphological analysis, and surface biomarker tests. Mass spectrometry based label-free quantification revealed 61 and 63 differentially expressed proteins in the serum sEVs of liver cirrhosis patients and liver cancer patients (p < 0.05), respectively. The proteomics data of cell-derived sEVs were combined for the selection of valuable candidates. Promising proteins were further verified by immunoassay, including thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), fibulin-1(FBLN1), and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), which could differentiate healthy control from liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. Our findings verified the hypothesis that cancer-related proteomics signatures are present in the sEVs of patient's serum and might be monitored for the evaluation of liver cancer and liver cirrhosis.
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30
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Exosomes: Multiple-targeted multifunctional biological nanoparticles in the diagnosis, drug delivery, and imaging of cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110442. [PMID: 32593129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological nanoparticles (30-150 nm) secreted in the extracellular area from all of cells, that mediate intercellular message. Exosomes act as the carriers for numerous proteins, DNAs, RNAs and cell-signaling molecules. Therefore, exosomes secreted by the tumor cells are useful for diagnostic purposes because of their persistent presence in the blood and their provision of genetic cargo similar to those in tumor. Due to the risks of aggressive activity and ambiguity of biological activity in other tissues, the use of exosomes in drug delivery and imaging has been limited. However, their high loading, stability and longer circulation time, excellent targeting, high cell penetration performance, and optimal biodegradability have made them potential agents in targeted cancer treatment. Therefore, in addition to examining methods for isolating and loading exosomes, this paper discusses the applications of exosomes in biological measurement, imaging, and therapeutic activities. Also, this review describes the challenges of using exosomes compared to conventional methods and shows that it is very useful to use them due to less aggressive activities. Finally, this review attempts to provide an appropriate incentive by showing the performance of exosomes in cancer therapy through targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging and diagnosis.
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Liu L, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Hu L, Yin C, Qing D, Huang S, Cai X, Chen Y. Cancer associated fibroblasts-derived exosomes contribute to radioresistance through promoting colorectal cancer stem cells phenotype. Exp Cell Res 2020; 391:111956. [PMID: 32169425 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radioresistance observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may be related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), but the underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can regulate the stemness of cancer cells and tumor radiosensitivity. In addition, exosomes have been reported to modify treatment response by mediating cell-cell communication. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exosomes derived from CAFs (CAF-exosomes) are involved in mediating resistance to radiotherapy in colorectal cancer and to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that CSCs were inherently resistant to cell death induced by radiotherapy. CAF-derived CM promoted clonogenicity and radioresistance of CRC cells. Further investigations revealed that exosomes isolated from CM induced the above effects whereas exosome-depleted CM (solution) was not able to induce clonogenicity and radioresistance. Finally, exosomes could activate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and TGFβ1-neutralizing antibody inhibit this effect and decrease clonogenicity and expression levels of stemness genes. In conclusion,our findings suggest CAFs promote stemness of CRC cells and thus increase radiation resistance. Exosomes derived from CAFs play a crucial role through activating TGF-β signaling pathway in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liya Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cun Yin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Defeng Qing
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Baassiri A, Nassar F, Mukherji D, Shamseddine A, Nasr R, Temraz S. Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041398. [PMID: 32092975 PMCID: PMC7073025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, especially in those that are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The current screening blood-based markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have low sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, other modalities are either expensive or invasive. Therefore, recent research has shifted towards a minimally invasive test, namely, liquid biopsy. Exosomes are favorable molecules sought in blood samples, since they are abundant, stable in circulation, and harbor genetic information and other biomolecules that could serve as biomarkers or even therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomal noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, have demonstrated the diagnostic potential to detect CRC at an early stage with a higher sensitivity and specificity than CEA and CA19-9 alone. Moreover, they have prognostic potential that is TNM stage specific and could serve as predictive biomarkers for the most common chemotherapeutic drug and combination regimen in CRC, which are 5-FU and FOLFOX, respectively. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the role of these exosomal noncoding RNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. In addition, we discuss the advantages and challenges of exosomes as a liquid biopsy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Baassiri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Farah Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (S.T.); Tel.: +96-1135-000 (ext. 4812) (R.N.); +96-1137-4374 (S.T.)
| | - Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (F.N.); (D.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (S.T.); Tel.: +96-1135-000 (ext. 4812) (R.N.); +96-1137-4374 (S.T.)
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MiR-6803-5p Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion via PTPRO/NF- κB Axis in Colorectal Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8128501. [PMID: 31827380 PMCID: PMC6886338 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8128501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have implicated microRNAs (miRNAs) exert modifying effects on colorectal cancer (CRC). Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type O (PTPRO) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in several kinds of cancer, including CRC. Previously, we have found that exosome-encapsulated miR-6803-5p is increased in CRC. However, the mechanism of miR-6803-5p in CRC is not clear yet. This study is aimed at elucidating the effect of miR-6803-5p in colorectal carcinogenesis. Expression of miR-6803-5p and PTPRO mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CRC patients is estimated by real-time PCR. PTPRO protein in CRC cells is detected by western blot. To verify the association of miR-6803-5p with PTPRO, luciferase reporter assay is performed. CCK-8 and EdU assays are conducted to assess cell proliferation. Real-time PCR and ELISA are applied to detect cytokine expression in CRC cells. Cell invasion and migration assays are evaluated by transwell and scratch tests. Immunofluorescence is carried out to determine the activation of NF-κB in HCT116 cells. Negative correlation is demonstrated between miR-6803-5p and PTPRO in CRC. PTPRO is demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-6803-5p. miR-6803-5p can promote cancer cell proliferation and invasion and enhance inflammation through PTPRO/NF-κB axis in CRC, which serves as a useful target for CRC.
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Zhao YJ, Song X, Niu L, Tang Y, Song X, Xie L. Circulating Exosomal miR-150-5p and miR-99b-5p as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1129. [PMID: 31750241 PMCID: PMC6842995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating exosomal miRNAs are potential non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to validate the novel sensitive and specific exosomal miRNA biomarkers for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods: Exosomes isolated from the serum of CRC patients and healthy donors by ultracentrifugation were characterized using TEM, qNano, and immunoblotting. The exosomes from 2 healthy donors and 4 CRC patients were subjected to RNA isolation and miRNA sequencing. The differently expressed miRNAs from 165 primary CRC patients and 153 healthy donors were substantiated by RT-qPCR. Results: The RNA-sequence data analysis revealed that 29 exosomal miRNAs (20 downregulated and 9 upregulated) with >1.5-fold difference between CRC patients and healthy donors were selected. The serum exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p levels were significantly downregulated in CRC patients as compared to healthy donors (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and benign disease (p = 0.009 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The expression levels of exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p were significantly decreased in early CRC patients as compared to healthy donors (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The expression levels of exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p were significantly increased postoperatively (p = 0.0058 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that serum exosomal miRNAs are promising, sensitive, specific, and non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. Impact: This is the first study to specifically identify exosomal miR-99b-5p and miR-150-5p associated with CRC. This study, therefore, might deepen the understanding of tumor-derived exosomes for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jing Zhao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Limin Niu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Youyong Tang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Avgeris M, Panoutsopoulou K, Papadimitriou MA, Scorilas A. Circulating exosomal miRNAs: clinical significance in human cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:979-995. [PMID: 31594418 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1673732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The identification of novel noninvasive biomarkers to ameliorate early-diagnosis, and disease prognosis, as well as to support personalized treatment and monitoring decisions is of first clinical priority for cancer patients' care. Exosomes are natural endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication and tumor progression. Considering that deregulated miRNA levels have been described in numerous human malignancies and that tumor-derived exosomes reflect miRNA expression of donor tumor cells, the evaluation of exosome-derived circulating miRNAs (exomiRs) may offer a new promising class of noninvasive molecular markers to improve patients' management and quality-of-life. Areas covered: In the current review we have summarized the existing knowledge on the clinical relevance of circulating exosomal miRNAs in improving cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and thus supporting personalized patients' management Expert commentary: Cancer research has highlighted the abundance of exomiRs in patients' plasma and serum samples, as well as their biomarker capabilities in the vast majority of human malignancies studied so far. Their analytical stability constitutes exomiRs ideal molecular markers to overcome numerous limitations of cancer clinical management, while future large-scale studies should unveil exomiRs translational utility in modern cancer molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Yin LM, Ulloa L, Yang YQ. Transgelin-2: Biochemical and Clinical Implications in Cancer and Asthma. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:885-896. [PMID: 31256982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transgelin-2 has been regarded as an actin-binding protein that induces actin gelation and regulates actin cytoskeleton. However, transgelin-2 has recently been shown to relax the myosin cytoskeleton of the airway smooth muscle cells by acting as a receptor for extracellular metallothionein-2. From a clinical perspective, these results support transgelin-2 as a promising therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer and asthma. The inhibition of transgelin-2 prevents actin gelation and thereby cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Conversely, the activation of transgelin-2 with specific agonists relaxes airway smooth muscles and reduces pulmonary resistance in asthma. Here, we review new studies on the biochemical properties of transgelin-2 and discuss their clinical implications for the treatment of immune, oncogenic, and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Miao Yin
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Luis Ulloa
- International Laboratory of Neuro-Immunomodulation, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Dept. of Surgery. Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Mannavola F, Salerno T, Passarelli A, Tucci M, Internò V, Silvestris F. Revisiting the Role of Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Where Are We Now?. Front Oncol 2019; 9:521. [PMID: 31275854 PMCID: PMC6593071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles constitutively released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Their role as inter-cellular messengers involved in both physiological and pathological processes has overwhelmingly come to light in the last decade, and their contribution to cancerogenesis and tumor metastasis is under intensive investigation. Here we review the most recent information concerning Exos in colorectal cancer (CRC) and focus on their effects on tumor microenvironment and the immune system, as well as unravel their role in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche and in drug resistance. Such a recent knowledge on Exos depicts their potential translations into the clinical arena, either as an alternative tool of “liquid biopsy” or novel therapeutic approaches for CRC. However, due to the limited data available from clinical trials, they need further validations before addressing their putative application in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tina Salerno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Internò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Siveen KS, Raza A, Ahmed EI, Khan AQ, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Mateo JM, Zayed H, Rasul K, Azizi F, Dermime S, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment, Metastasis and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060746. [PMID: 31146452 PMCID: PMC6628238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. A number of factors including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, high metastatic capability, and resistance to treatment have been associated with CRC disease progression. Recent studies have documented that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in intercellular communication in CRC via transfer of cargo lipids, proteins, DNA and RNAs to the recipient tumor cells. This transfer influences a number of immune-related pathways leading to activation/differentiation/expression of immune cells and modulation of the tumor microenvironment that plays a significant role in CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, tumor-derived EVs are secreted in large amounts in biological fluids of CRC patients and as such the expression analysis of EV cargoes have been associated with prognosis or response to therapy and may be a source of therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of EVs in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and its effects on CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. On the other hand, the potential role of CRC derived EVs as a source of biomarkers of response and therapeutic targets will be discussed in detail to understand the dynamic role of EVs in CRC diagnosis, treatment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Jericha M Mateo
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Kakil Rasul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Fouad Azizi
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell-Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 24811, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
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Wu M, Wang G, Hu W, Yao Y, Yu XF. Emerging roles and therapeutic value of exosomes in cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:53. [PMID: 30925925 PMCID: PMC6441156 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles of 30 to 150 nm that contain diverse proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These vesicles facilitate effective intercellular communication and trigger profound environmental changes. In recent years, many studies have identified diverse roles for exosomes in tumor metastasis, a major cause of cancer-related deaths; furthermore, circulating tumor-derived exosomes can drive the initiation and progression of metastasis and determine the specific target organs affected. Fortunately, our growing understanding of exosomes and relevant modification technology have provided new ideas for potential treatment of tumor metastases. Here we review recent advances concerning the role of exosomes in metastasis, focusing on their regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targeting in advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowei Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Inst Translat Med, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilei Hu
- Inst Translat Med, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department Surg Oncol, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
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Liu T, Zhang X, Du L, Wang Y, Liu X, Tian H, Wang L, Li P, Zhao Y, Duan W, Xie Y, Sun Z, Wang C. Exosome-transmitted miR-128-3p increase chemosensitivity of oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:43. [PMID: 30890168 PMCID: PMC6423768 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxaliplatin resistance is a major challenge for treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Both acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppressed drug accumulation in cancer cells contributes to development of oxaliplatin resistance. Aberrant expression of small noncoding RNA, miR-128-3p, has been shown to be a key regulator in tumorigenesis and cancer development. However, its roles in the progression of CRC and oxaliplatin-resistance are largely unknown. Methods Oxaliplatin-resistant CRC and normal intestinal FHC cells were transfected with a miR-128-3p expression lentivirus. After transfection, FHC-derived exosomes were isolated and co-cultured with CRC cells. miR-128-3p expression in resistant CRC cells, FHC cells, and exosomes was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The mRNA and protein levels of miR-128-3p target genes in resistant CRC cells were quantified by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. The effects of miR-128-3p on CRC cell viability, apoptosis, EMT, motility and drug efflux were evaluated by CCK8, flow cytometry, Transwell and wound healing assays, immunofluorescence, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Xenograft models were used to determine whether miR-128-3p loaded exosomes can re-sensitize CRC cells to oxaliplatin in vivo. Results In our established stable oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines, in vitro and vivo studies revealed miR-128-3p suppressed EMT and increased intracellular oxaliplatin accumulation. Importantly, our results indicated that lower miR-128-3p expression was associated with poor oxaliplatin response in advanced human CRC patients. Moreover, data showed that miR-128-3p-transfected FHC cells effectively packaged miR-128-3p into secreted exosomes and mediated miR-128-3p delivery to oxaliplatin-resistant cells, improving oxaliplatin response in CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, miR-128-3p overexpression up-regulated E-cadherin levels and inhibited oxaliplatin-induced EMT by suppressing Bmi1 expression in resistant cells. Meanwhile, it also decreased oxaliplatin efflux through suppressed expression of the drug transporter MRP5. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that miR-128-3p delivery via exosomes represents a novel strategy enhancing chemosensitivity in CRC through negative regulation of Bmi1 and MRP5. Moreover, miR-128-3p may be a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-0981-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tian
- Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Weili Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yujiao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, 250033, China.
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Chávez ASO, O'Neal AJ, Santambrogio L, Kotsyfakis M, Pedra JHF. Message in a vesicle - trans-kingdom intercommunication at the vector-host interface. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/6/jcs224212. [PMID: 30886004 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases cause over 700,000 deaths annually and represent 17% of all infectious illnesses worldwide. This public health menace highlights the importance of understanding how arthropod vectors, microbes and their mammalian hosts interact. Currently, an emphasis of the scientific enterprise is at the vector-host interface where human pathogens are acquired and transmitted. At this spatial junction, arthropod effector molecules are secreted, enabling microbial pathogenesis and disease. Extracellular vesicles manipulate signaling networks by carrying proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and regulatory nucleic acids. Therefore, they are well positioned to aid in cell-to-cell communication and mediate molecular interactions. This Review briefly discusses exosome and microvesicle biogenesis, their cargo, and the role that nanovesicles play during pathogen spread, host colonization and disease pathogenesis. We then focus on the role of extracellular vesicles in dictating microbial pathogenesis and host immunity during transmission of vector-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela S Oliva Chávez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anya J O'Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Joao H F Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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