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Detcheverry F, Senthil S, Narayanan S, Badhwar A. Changes in levels of the antioxidant glutathione in brain and blood across the age span of healthy adults: A systematic review. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103503. [PMID: 37742519 PMCID: PMC10520675 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a gradual decline of the body's biological functions, which can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants neutralize ROS and maintain balance between oxidation and reduction. If ROS production exceeds the ability of antioxidant systems to neutralize, a damaging state of oxidative stress (OS) may exist. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant, and decline of GSH is considered a marker of OS. Our review summarizes the literature on GSH variations with age in healthy adults in brain (in vivo, ex vivo) and blood (plasma, serum), and reliability of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurement of GSH. A systematic PubMed search identified 35 studies. All in vivo MRS studies (N = 13) reported good to excellent reproducibility of GSH measures. In brain, 3 out of 4 MRS studies reported decreased GSH with age, measured in precuneus, cingulate, and occipital regions, while 1 study reported increased GSH with age in frontal and sensorimotor regions. In post-mortem brain, out of 3 studies, 2 reported decreased GSH with age in hippocampal and frontal regions, while 1 study reported increased GSH with age in a frontal region. Oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was reported to be increased in caudate with age in 1 study, suggesting OS. Although findings in the brain lacked a clear consensus, the majority of studies suggested a decline of GSH with age. The low number of studies (particularly ex vivo) and potential regional differences may have contributed to variability in the findings in brain. In blood, in contrast, GSH levels predominately were reported to decrease with advancing age (except in the oldest-old, who may represent a select group of particularly successful agers), while GSSG findings lacked consensus. The larger number of studies assessing age-specific GSH level changes in blood (N = 16) allowed for more robust consensus across studies than in brain. Overall, the literature suggests that aging is associated with increased OS in brain and body, but the timing and regional distribution of changes in the brain require further study. The contribution of brain OS to brain aging, and the effect of interventions to raise brain GSH levels on decline of brain function, remain understudied. Given that reliable tools to measure brain GSH exist, we hope this paper will serve as a catalyst to stimulate more work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Detcheverry
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) lab, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sneha Senthil
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sridar Narayanan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - AmanPreet Badhwar
- Multiomics Investigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND) lab, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Šebeková K, Staruchová M, Mišľanová C, Líšková A, Horváthová M, Tulinská J, Lehotská Mikušová M, Szabová M, Gurecká R, Koborová I, Csongová M, Tábi T, Szökö É, Volkovová K. Association of Inflammatory and Oxidative Status Markers with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in 40-to-45-Year-Old Females: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1221. [PMID: 37371951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and sterile inflammation play roles in the induction and maintenance of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study cohort included 170 females aged 40 to 45 years who were categorized according to the presentation of MetS components (e.g., central obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and elevated systolic blood pressure) as controls not presenting a single component (n = 43), those with pre-MetS displaying one to two components (n = 70), and females manifesting MetS, e.g., ≥3 components (n = 53). We analyzed the trends of seventeen oxidative and nine inflammatory status markers across three clinical categories. A multivariate regression of selected oxidative status and inflammatory markers on the components of MetS was performed. Markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde and advanced-glycation-end-products-associated fluorescence of plasma) were similar across the groups. Healthy controls displayed lower uricemia and higher bilirubinemia than females with MetS; and lower leukocyte counts, concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukine-6, and higher levels of carotenoids/lipids and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-products than those with pre-MetS and MetS. In multivariate regression models, levels of C-reactive protein, uric acid, and interleukine-6 were consistently associated with MetS components, although the impacts of single markers differed. Our data suggest that a proinflammatory imbalance precedes the manifestation of MetS, while an imbalance of oxidative status accompanies overt MetS. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether determining markers beyond traditional ones could help improve the prognosis of subjects at an early stage of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Staruchová
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Csilla Mišľanová
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Medical Professional Studies, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aurélia Líšková
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mira Horváthová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tulinská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Lehotská Mikušová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Szabová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Koborová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Melinda Csongová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szökö
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarína Volkovová
- Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Ajith A, john S. Cost effective electrochemical sensor for L‐methionine based on graphitic carbon nitride sheets modified electrode. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ajith
- The Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed University Department of Chemistry INDIA
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Karuppasamy P, Thiruppathi D, Ganesan M, Rajendran T, Rajagopal S, Sivasubramanian VK, Rajapandian V. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of L-Cysteine, L-Methionine, and Methionine–Glycine Using [Oxoiron(IV)–Salen] Ion Immobilized Glassy Carbon Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen Z, Shi Q, Wang W, Jiang Z, Zhang GL, Tong L, Mu X, Tang B. Fabrication of a "Selenium Signature" Chemical Probe-Modified Paper Substrate for Simultaneous and Efficient Determination of Biothiols by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1749-1756. [PMID: 33351590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made to develop robust and reliable methods for simultaneous biothiols determination in different matrices, but there still exist the problems such as easy oxidation, tedious derivatization, and difficulty in discrimination, which brings unsatisfactory results in their accuracy and fast quantification in biological samples. To overcome these problems, a simultaneous biothiols detection method combining a "selenium signature" chemical probe and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) was proposed. In the strategy, the modified-paper substrate is used to enhance the analytical performance. Chemical probe Ebselen-NH2 that has a specific response to biothiols was designed and covalently fixed on the surface of an oxidized paper substrate. By the identification of derivatized product with distinctive selenium isotope distribution and employment of the optimized PS-MS method, qualitative and quantitative analysis of five biothiols including glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CysGly), N-acetylcysteine (Nac), and homocysteine (Hcy) were realized. Biothiols in plasma and cell lysates were measured with satisfactory results. The established method not only provides a novel protocol for simultaneous determination of biothiols, but also is helpful for understanding the biological and clinical roles played by these bioactive small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Mu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
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6
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Qaitoon A, Yong J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xu ZP, Zhang R. Development of manganese dioxide-based nanoprobes for fluorescence detection and imaging of glutathione. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01843d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A manganese dioxide-based nanoprobe is developed for fluorescence detection and imaging of glutathione (GSH) in yeast cells and onion tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Qaitoon
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Jiaxi Yong
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
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7
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Li JS, Huang D, Qiu HM, Jiang QS, Liu YH, Du TT, Jiang XH. A study on the determination of two related aminothiols in the brain of diabetes rats by HPLC-ECD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1798248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sha Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Pengzhou People’s Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Qiu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Song Jiang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Du
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Ji Y, Luo H, Li H, Lin Z, Luo W. Determination of plasma homocysteine with a UHPLC-MS/MS method: Application to analyze the correlation between plasma homocysteine and whole blood 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in healthy volunteers. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4845. [PMID: 32267542 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for determination of homocysteine (HCY) in human plasma. The HCY was derivatized with 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate and isolated using solid-phase extraction. Derivatization, isolation and detection procedures were optimized. Satisfactory linearity was obtained with determination coefficients (r2 ) >0.999. The intra- and inter-day precisions were in the interval of 1.2-5.1% and accuracy was within ±7%. Mean recoveries were close to 100%. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.46 and 1.38 μmol/L, respectively. The method was then applied to investigate the relationship between plasma HCY and whole blood 5-methyltetrahydrofolate levels in healthy volunteers. The results revealed that the plasma level of HCY was significantly negatively correlated to whole blood 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Ji
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongjun Luo
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenhong Luo
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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9
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Qin ZN, Ding J, Yu QW, Qi CB, Wu DM, Zhou P, Feng YQ. Development of C60-based labeling reagents for the determination of low-molecular-weight compounds by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (II): Determination of thiols in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:112-119. [PMID: 32138909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perturbation of thiol homeostasis in biological fluids are thought to be associated with several diseases, and reliable analytical methods for the determination of low molecular weight (LMW) thiols in human plasma or serum are thus required. In this study, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method is described for high throughput determination of four LMW thiols (glutathione, cysteine, homocysteine and cysteinylglycine) in human serum. It is based on the use of a bromoacetyl functionalized C60 (Br-C60) as a derivatization reagent to label thiols. The Br-C60 labeling can add an 832-Da tag to thiols, which moves thiol signals to high mass region and effectively avoids the signal interference generated by the traditional MALDI matrix below 800 Da. The labeling can be completed within 5 min under microwave-assisted condition. Thereby, the Br-C60 labeling based MALDI-TOF MS analytical method can achieve high throughput analysis of LMW thiols in serum. Good linearities of the method for the thiols in human serum were obtained in the range of 0.5-500.0 μM with correlation coefficient (R) greater than 0.9960. The limit of detection is in the range of 0.07-0.18 μM for the investigated thiols in human serum with relative standard deviations of lower than 13.5% and recoveries ranging from 81.9 to 117.1%. Using the method, four thiols in microliter serum samples of breast cancer (BC) patients were determined. The result showed that the contents of the four thiols in BC serum samples significantly changed compared to the healthy control (HC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Na Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Qiong-Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Chu-Bo Qi
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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10
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Erarpat S, Bodur S, Öztürk Er E, Bakırdere S. Combination of ultrasound-assisted ethyl chloroformate derivatization and switchable solvent liquid-phase microextraction for the sensitive determination of l-methionine in human plasma by GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:1100-1106. [PMID: 31858708 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A green and fast analytical method for the determination of l-methionine in human plasma is presented in this study. Preconcentration of the analyte was carried out by switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction after ethyl chloroformate derivatization reaction. Instrumental detection of the analyte was performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. N,N-Dimethyl benzylamine was used in the synthesis of switchable solvent. Protonated N,N-dimethyl benzylamine volume, volume/concentration of sodium hydroxide, and vortex period were meticulously fixed to their optimum values. Besides, ethyl chloroformate, pyridine, and ethanol volumes were optimized in order to get high derivatization yield. After the optimization studies, limit of detection and quantitation values were attained as 3.30 and 11.0 ng/g, respectively, by the developed switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method that corresponding to 76.7-folds enhancement in detection power of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. Applicability and accuracy of the switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method were also checked by spiking experiments. Percent recovery results were ranged from 97.8 to 100.5% showing that human plasma samples could be analyzed for its l-methionine level by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Erarpat
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Öztürk Er
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Glutathione is an endogenous peptide with antioxidant and other metabolic functions. The nomenclature, formulae, elemental composition, and appearance and uses of the drug are included. The methods used for the synthesis and biosynthesis of glutathione are described. This profile contains the physical characteristics of the drug including: solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, crystal structure, melting point, and differential scanning calorimetry. The spectral methods that were used for both the identification and analysis of glutathione include ultraviolet spectrum, vibrational spectrum, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and mass spectrum. The profile also includes the compendial methods of analysis and the other methods of analysis that are reported in the literature. These other methods of e-analysis are: potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric, spectrophotometric, specrtofluorometric, chemiluminescence, chromatographic and immunoassay methods. The stability of and several reviews on drug are also provided. More than 170 references are listed at the end this comprehensive profile on glutathione.
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12
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LEE PT, COMPTON RG. Selective Thiol Detection in Authentic Biological Samples with the Use of Screen-printed Electrodes. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:685-91. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia T. LEE
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University
| | - Richard G. COMPTON
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University
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Bobe SR, Bhosale RS, Goskulwad SP, Puyad AL, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. A highly selective colorimetric Cys sensor based on core-substituted naphthalene diimides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the core-substituted naphthalenediimide based probe 1 for the selective detection of cysteine via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad R. Bobe
- Polymers and Functional Material Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500607
- India
| | - Rajesh S. Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Material Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500607
- India
| | - Santosh P. Goskulwad
- Polymers and Functional Material Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500607
- India
| | - Avinash L. Puyad
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University
- Nanded-431 606
- India
| | | | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Material Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500607
- India
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14
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Eksin E, Erdem A. Electrochemical Determination of Homocysteine at Disposable Graphite Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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The use of screen-printed electrodes in a proof of concept electrochemical estimation of homocysteine and glutathione in the presence of cysteine using catechol. SENSORS 2014; 14:10395-411. [PMID: 24926695 PMCID: PMC4118355 DOI: 10.3390/s140610395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Screen printed electrodes were employed in a proof of concept determination of homocysteine and glutathione using electrochemically oxidized catechol via a 1,4-Michael addition reaction in the absence and presence of cysteine, and each other. Using cyclic voltammetry, the Michael reaction introduces a new adduct peak which is analytically useful in detecting thiols. The proposed procedure relies on the different rates of reaction of glutathione and homocysteine with oxidized catechol so that at fast voltage scan rates only homocysteine is detected in cyclic voltammetry. At slower scan rates, both glutathione and homocysteine are detected. The combination of the two sets of data provides quantification for homocysteine and glutathione. The presence of cysteine is shown not to interfere provided sufficient high concentrations of catechol are used. Calibration curves were determined for each homocysteine and glutathione detection; where the sensitivities are 0.019 μA·μM−1 and 0.0019 μA·μM−1 and limit of detections are ca. 1.2 μM and 0.11 μM for homocysteine and glutathione, respectively, within the linear range. This work presents results with potential and beneficial use in re-useable and/or disposable point-of-use sensors for biological and medical applications.
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16
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Salehzadeh H, Mokhtari B, Nematollahi D. Selective electrochemical determination of homocysteine in the presence of cysteine and glutathione. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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BEITOLLAHI H, MOHADESI A, GHORBANI F, KARIMI MALEH H, BAGHAYERI M, HOSSEINZADEH R. Electrocatalytic measurement of methionine concentration with a carbon nanotube paste electrode modified with benzoylferrocene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(12)60582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kanďár R, Vrbová M, Čandová J. AN ASSAY OF TOTAL GLUTATHIONE AND GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE IN HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD AND PLASMA USING A HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.706858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kanďár
- a Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences , Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Pardubice , Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vrbová
- a Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences , Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Pardubice , Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Čandová
- a Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences , Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice , Pardubice , Czech Republic
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Wu J, Xu K, Landers JP, Weber SG. An in situ measurement of extracellular cysteamine, homocysteine, and cysteine concentrations in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by integration of electroosmotic sampling and microfluidic analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3095-103. [PMID: 23330713 DOI: 10.1021/ac302676q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-electric sampling/derivatization/separation/detection system for the quantitation of thiols in tissue cultures. Extracellular fluid collected from rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) by electroosmotic flow through an 11 cm (length) × 50 μm (i.d.) sampling capillary is introduced to a simple microfluidic chip for derivatization, continuous flow-gated injection, separation, and detection. With the help of a fluorogenic, thiol-specific reagent, ThioGlo-1, we have successfully separated and detected the extracellular levels of free reduced cysteamine, homocysteine, and cysteine from OHSCs within 25 s in a 23 mm separation channel with a confocal laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector. Attention to the conductivities of the fluids being transported is required for successful flow-gated injections. When the sample conductivity is much higher than the run buffer conductivities, the electroosmotic velocities are such that there is less fluid coming by electroosmosis into the cross from the sample/reagent channel than is leaving by electroosmosis into the separation and waste channels. The resulting decrease in the internal fluid pressure in the injection cross pulls flow from the gated channel. This process may completely shut down the gated injection. Using a glycylglycine buffer with physiological osmolarity but only 62% of physiological conductivity and augmenting the conductivity of the run buffers solved this problem. Quantitation is by standard additions. Concentrations of cysteamine, homocysteine, and cysteine in the extracellular space of OHSCs are 10.6 ± 1.0 nM (n = 70), 0.18 ± 0.01 μM (n = 53), and 11.1 ± 1.2 μM (n = 70), respectively. This is the first in situ quantitative estimation of endogenous cysteamine in brain tissue. Extracellular levels of homocysteine and cysteine are comparable with other reported values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanfang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Chekin F, Bagheri S, Abd Hamid SB. Synthesis of Pt doped TiO2 nanoparticles: Characterization and application for electrocatalytic oxidation of l-methionine. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL 2013; 177:898-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Garaiova I, Muchová J, Nagyová Z, Mišľanová C, Oravec S, Dukát A, Wang D, Plummer SF, Ďuračková Z. Effect of a plant sterol, fish oil and B vitamin combination on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic children and adolescents: a pilot study. Nutr J 2013; 12:7. [PMID: 23297818 PMCID: PMC3549748 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors can predict clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in adulthood. In this pilot study with hypercholesterolemic children and adolescents, we investigated the effects of a combination of plant sterols, fish oil and B vitamins on the levels of four independent risk factors for CVD; LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, C-reactive protein and homocysteine. METHODS Twenty five participants (mean age 16 y, BMI 23 kg/m2) received daily for a period of 16 weeks an emulsified preparation comprising plant sterols esters (1300 mg), fish oil (providing 1000 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and vitamins B12 (50 μg), B6 (2.5 mg), folic acid (800 μg) and coenzyme Q10 (3 mg). Atherogenic and inflammatory risk factors, plasma lipophilic vitamins, provitamins and fatty acids were measured at baseline, week 8 and 16. RESULTS The serum total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, subfractions LDL-2, IDL-1, IDL-2 and plasma homocysteine levels were significantly reduced at the end of the intervention period (p<0.05). The triacylglycerols levels decreased by 17.6%, but did not reach significance. No significant changes in high sensitivity C-reactive protein, HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 were observed during the study period. After standardisation for LDL cholesterol, there were no significant changes in the levels of plasma γ-tocopherol, β-carotene and retinol, except for reduction in α-tocopherol levels. The plasma levels of n-3 fatty acids increased significantly with the dietary supplementation (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Daily intake of a combination of plant sterols, fish oil and B vitamins may modulate the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic children and adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN89549017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Garaiova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovakia
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Electrochemical determination of L-methionine using the electropolymerized film of non-peripheral amine substituted Cu(II) phthalocyanine on glassy carbon electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 85:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mislanova C, Martsenyuk O, Huppertz B, Obolenskaya M. Placental markers of folate-related metabolism in preeclampsia. Reproduction 2011; 142:467-76. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The etiology and degree of clinical symptoms of preeclampsia depend on genotypic and phenotypic maternal and trophoblast factors, and elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are one of the pathogenetic factors of preeclampsia. To assess the impact of the folate-related metabolism, we characterized the indices of this metabolism in 40 samples from uncomplicated term placentas and 28 samples from preeclamptic pregnancies by quantifying the total content of folate, methionine (Met), Hcy and related cysteine, and glutathione (GSH) in compliance with the 677 C/T genotype of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The prevalence ofMTHFRgenotypes was not significantly different between the two groups. The polymorphism ofMTHFRwas not unambiguously connected with the content of total placental Met, Hcy and related cysteine, and GSH either in uncomplicated or in complicated pregnancies. By contrast, the combination of the heterozygousMTHFRgenotype with folate deficiency in the samples from preeclamptic pregnancies was characterized by a statistically significant decrease in the Met content, a trend toward increased Hcy levels and a tight association between metabolically directly and indirectly related compounds, e.g. positive relation between Hcy versus cysteine and folate versus GSH and negative relation between folate versus Hcy and both Hcy and cysteine versus GSH. We demonstrated the expression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in human placenta at term by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, for the first time, and confirmed its catalytic activity and the accumulation of cysteine and CBS in placental explants cultivated in the presence of elevated Hcy concentrations. We suggest that disturbance in placental folate-related metabolism may be one of the pathogenetic factors in preeclampsia.
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Leesutthiphonchai W, Dungchai W, Siangproh W, Ngamrojnavanich N, Chailapakul O. Selective determination of homocysteine levels in human plasma using a silver nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay. Talanta 2011; 85:870-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kudlackova M, Valachovičová M, Babinská K, Blažíček P, Spoustová V, Pauková V. Nutritional status of subjects with dominant plant food consumption. POTRAVINARSTVO 2011. [DOI: 10.5219/148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In three groups of apparently healthy subjects – vegetarians (plant food, dairy products, eggs), semi-vegetarians (as vegetarians with addition of white meat consumption) and non-vegetarians (control group on traditional mixed diet) were analyzed the dietary questionnaires of consumption frequency and measured the values of lipid profile, insulin resistance, homocysteine with determinants (vitamins B6, B9, B12) and plasma antioxidative vitamins (C,E, beta-carotene). Vegetarians and semi-vegetarians consumed the significantly reduced amount of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, methionine, lysine, vitamin B12 and on the other hand, they have the significantly higher daily intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, fiber, plant proteins, arginine, glycine, serine, alanine, folic acid (vitamin B9), vitamin B6, vitamins C,E and beta-carotene. Alternative nutrition groups vs. non-vegetarians have the significantly reduced concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin as well as values of atherogenic index and insulin resistance. The vegetarian (but not semi-vegetarian) value of homocysteine is significantly increased as a consequence of the significantly reduced and low concentration of vitamin B12. Other two determinants of homocysteine degradation were significantly increased in serum of alternative nutrition groups. The both vegetarian groups have the significantly higher plasma concentrations of antioxidative vitamins and these values are in range of effective free radical disease reduction. The results of favourable values of cardiovascular risk markers and antioxidants document a beneficial effect of vegetarian nutrition in prevention of degenerative age-related diseases.
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Kanďár R, Žáková P, Marková M, Lotková H, Kučera O, Červinková Z. Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in human whole blood using HPLC with coulometric detection: A comparison with fluorescence detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe a relatively simple method for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in human whole blood. We have used an HPLC with coulometric electrochemical detection for the simultaneous measurement of GSH and GSSG. Diluted and filtered trichloroacetic acid extracts were injected directly into the HPLC system and were eluted isocratically on a Polaris 5u C18-A, 250 × 4.6 mm analytical column. Glutathione in samples extracted with trichloroacetic acid and diluted with 1.0 mMhydrochloric acid was stable at 4 °C for at least 8 h. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory: the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10%. Quantitative recoveries from spiked whole blood samples were at intervals 91.6–97.6% for GSH and 85.0–104.4% for GSSG. The linear range is 5.0–2000.0 μmol/l, with a detection limit of 2.1 μmol/l (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for GSH and 2.0–250.0 μmol/l, with a detection limit of 0.9 μmol/l for GSSG.
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Pirchl M, Ullrich C, Humpel C. Differential effects of short- and long-term hyperhomocysteinaemia on cholinergic neurons, spatial memory and microbleedings in vivo in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 32:1516-27. [PMID: 21044172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) has been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor for neurodegenerative brain diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of short (5 months) or long (15 months) HHcy in Sprague–Dawley rats in vivo. Short- and long-term HHcy differentially affected spatial memory as tested in a partially baited eight-arm radial maze. HHcy significantly reduced the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert and ChAT-positive axons in the cortex only after short-term but not long-term treatment, while acetylcholine levels in the cortex were decreased at both time points. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was significantly enhanced in the cortex only after 15 months of HHcy. HHcy did not affect cortical levels of amyloid precursor protein, beta-amyloid(1-42), tau and phospho-tau181 and several inflammatory markers, as well as vascular RECA-1 and laminin density. However, HHcy induced cortical microbleedings, as illustrated by intensive anti-rat IgG-positive spots in the cortex. In order to study the regulation of the key enzyme ChAT, organotypic rat brain slices were incubated with homocysteine, which induced a decline of ChAT that was counteracted by NGF treatment. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that chronic short- and long-term HHcy differentially caused memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, NGF expression and vascular microbleedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pirchl
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical, University, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Zhang R, Yu X, Ye Z, Wang G, Zhang W, Yuan J. Turn-on Luminescent Probe for Cysteine/Homocysteine Based on a Ruthenium(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7898-903. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100810z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P.R. China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P.R. China
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Krivosíková Z, Krajcovicová-Kudlácková M, Spustová V, Stefíková K, Valachovicová M, Blazícek P, Nĕmcová T. The association between high plasma homocysteine levels and lower bone mineral density in Slovak women: the impact of vegetarian diet. Eur J Nutr 2009; 49:147-53. [PMID: 19809862 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A long-term vegetarian diet is generally poor in vitamin B group. The lack of vitamin B(12) together with vitamin B(6) and folate deficiency is closely related to homocysteine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia was found to be associated with increased bone turnover markers and increased fracture risk. Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia, vitamin B(12) and folate deficiency may be regarded as novel risk factors for micronutrient deficiency-related osteoporosis. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the possible impact of a vegetarian diet on bone mineral density in cohort of Slovak vegetarian women. METHODS Fasting serum glucose, albumin, calcium, phosphorous and creatinine as well as bone markers, serum vitamin B(12), folate and plasma levels of total homocysteine were assessed in two nutritional groups (vegetarians vs. nonvegetarians) of apparently healthy women (age range 20-70 years). Bone mineral density of the femoral neck, trochanter, total femur and lumbar spine was measured in all subjects. RESULTS Vegetarians had a significantly lower weight (p < 0.05), higher PTH (p < 0.01) and homocysteine (p < 0.001). Vitamin B(12) was significantly higher in nonvegetarians (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in folate levels. Univariate analysis showed significant association between homocysteine and B(12) (p < 0.01), folate (p < 0.001), creatinine (p < 0.001), total proteins (p < 0.049), age (p < 0.001) and vegetarian food intake (p < 0.001). Vegetarians had a significantly lower TrFBMD (p < 0.05) and ToFBMD (p < 0.05). Age and CTx were significant predictors in all sites of measured BMD and PTH. A strong correlation between homocysteine and FNBMD (r = -0.2009, p < 0.002), TrFBMD (r = -0.1810, p < 0.004) and ToFBMD (r = -0.2225, p < 0.001) was found in all subjects. CONCLUSION Homocysteine is one of the predictors of bone mineral density, and hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with lower bone mineral density. In healthy adults, homocysteine levels are dependent on age as well as on nutritional habits. Thus, elderly women on a vegetarian diet seem to be at higher risk of osteoporosis development than nonvegetarian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Krivosíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacotherapy, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Simultaneous analysis of multiple aminothiols in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lin W, Yuan L, Cao Z, Feng Y, Long L. A sensitive and selective fluorescent thiol probe in water based on the conjugate 1,4-addition of thiols to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Chemistry 2009; 15:5096-103. [PMID: 19343759 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 was designed and synthesized as a new fluorescent thiol probe. Probe 1 was constructed on the basis of the conjugate 1,4-addition of thiols to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Notably, probe 1 has suitable water solubility, which allows the sensing assay to be performed in water. Probe 1 is highly sensitive for thiols with a 211-fold fluorescence dynamic range and a low detection limit of 9.25x10(-7) M. The major features of probe 1 also include a high selectivity for thiols over other relevant biological species, excitation and emission in the visible region, rapid functioning at pH 7.4, and a good linear relationship between the fluorescence signal and the thiol concentration. Accordingly, these desirable characteristics may render probe 1 as potentially useful for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
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Tripeptides from dietary proteins inhibit TNFα-induced monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 154:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Duan L, Xu Y, Qian X, Wang F, Liu J, Cheng T. Highly selective fluorescent chemosensor with red shift for cysteine in buffer solution and its bioimage: symmetrical naphthalimide aldehyde. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Paromov V, Qui M, Yang H, Smith M, Stone WL. The influence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthesis in stimulated macrophages treated with a mustard gas analogue. BMC Cell Biol 2008; 9:33. [PMID: 18570648 PMCID: PMC2446388 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sulphur mustard gas, 2, 2'-dichlorodiethyl sulphide (HD), is a chemical warfare agent. Both mustard gas and its monofunctional analogue, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide (CEES), are alkylating agents that react with and diminish cellular thiols and are highly toxic. Previously, we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of CEES in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and that CEES transiently inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production via suppression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein expression. NO generation is an important factor in wound healing. In this paper, we explored the hypotheses that LPS increases CEES toxicity by increasing oxidative stress and that treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) would block LPS induced oxidative stress and protect against loss of NO production. NAC stimulates glutathione (GSH) synthesis and also acts directly as a free radical scavenger. The potential therapeutic use of the antibiotic, polymyxin B, was also evaluated since it binds to LPS and could thereby block the enhancement of CEES toxicity by LPS and also inhibit the secondary infections characteristic of HD/CEES wounds. Results We found that 10 mM NAC, when administered simultaneously or prior to treatment with 500 μM CEES, increased the viability of LPS stimulated macrophages. Surprisingly, NAC failed to protect LPS stimulated macrophages from CEES induced loss of NO production. Macrophages treated with both LPS and CEES show increased oxidative stress parameters (cellular thiol depletion and increased protein carbonyl levels). NAC effectively protected RAW 264.7 cells simultaneously treated with CEES and LPS from GSH loss and oxidative stress. Polymyxin B was found to partially block nitric oxide production and diminish CEES toxicity in LPS-treated macrophages. Conclusion The present study shows that oxidative stress is an important mechanism contributing to CEES toxicity in LPS stimulated macrophages and supports the notion that antioxidants could play a therapeutic role in preventing mustard gas toxicity. Although NAC reduced oxidative stress in LPS stimulated macrophages treated with CEES, it did not reverse CEES-induced loss of NO production. NAC and polymyxin B were found to help prevent CEES toxicity in LPS-treated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Paromov
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Li H, Wang X. Tuning the fluorescence response of surface modified CdSe quantum dots between tyrosine and cysteine by addition of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:694-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b718761k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu C, Zu Y, Yam VWW. Nonionic surfactant-capped gold nanoparticles as postcolumn reagents for high-performance liquid chromatography assay of low-molecular-mass biothiols. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1163:328-32. [PMID: 17689546 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been stabilized with nonionic surfactant ligands, i.e., Brij 35, and their aggregation could be induced rapidly and selectively by biologically active low-molecular-mass thiols including sulphydryl-containing amino acids (cysteine and homocysteine) and small peptides (glutathione, cysteinylglycine, and glutamylcysteine). A new postcolumn detection method has been developed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of these small biothiols based on the analyte-induced aggregation of the GNPs. Compared with conventional thiol-reactive probes, the GNP colloids are easier to prepare, much more stable in aqueous solution over a wide pH range and at ambient temperature, and exhibit relatively high selectivity toward small biothiols. The analysis of human urine samples demonstrated that the proposed method is promising in HPLC assay of the small thiol molecules in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Rafii M, Elango R, Courtney-Martin G, House JD, Fisher L, Pencharz PB. High-throughput and simultaneous measurement of homocysteine and cysteine in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2007; 371:71-81. [PMID: 17727809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Total homocysteine (tHcy) and cysteine (tCys) concentrations in biological fluids are routinely used in the clinical diagnosis of genetic and metabolic diseases, and this necessitates the development of rapid and sensitive methods for quantification. Liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure tHcy and tCys in 23 plasma and 21 urine samples from healthy adults and 14 urine samples from healthy children. The results were compared with a standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the LC-MS/MS method ranged from 2.9% to 6.1% for the intraassay and 4.8% to 6.4% for the interassay. Mean recoveries were close to 100% for both plasma and urinary tHcy and tCys. The mean plasma tHcy and tCys concentrations in healthy adults were 8.62 and 261.40 micromol/L, respectively. The mean urinary tHcy and tCys in adults were 0.98 and 22.60 micromol/mmol creatinine, respectively. The mean urinary tHcy and tCys in children were 1.17 and 27.43 micromol/mmol creatinine, respectively. Bland-Altman difference plots of method comparison between LC-MS/MS and HPLC showed good agreement in plasma and urinary tHcy and tCys concentrations. Our method is suitable for rapid measurements, and the reported urinary values in children will help to develop a pediatric reference range for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroukh Rafii
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
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Nolin TD, McMenamin ME, Himmelfarb J. Simultaneous determination of total homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography: application to studies of oxidative stress. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:554-61. [PMID: 17336168 PMCID: PMC1959569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, reproducible, and robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been validated for simultaneously determining total concentrations of the aminothiols homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione in human plasma. Plasma aminothiols are reduced via incubation with tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine hydrochloride, followed by protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and derivatization with ammonium-7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulfonic acid. Separation of aminothiols and the internal standard mercaptopropionylglycine is achieved using reversed-phase HPLC conditions and fluorescence detection. Excellent linearity is observed for all analytes over their respective concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r) > 0.99. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within +/-10%. This method utilizes an internal standard, employs phosphate buffered saline-based standards and quality controls, and demonstrates excellent plasma recovery and improved sensitivity. This assay is well suited for high-throughput quantitative determination of aminothiols in clinical studies, and is currently being used to support investigations of oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Nolin
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102, USA.
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Zhao D, McIntosh M, Fein H, Zhang X. Comparison of Methionine α,γ-Lyase and Homocysteine α,γ-Lyase for Electrochemical Determination of Homocysteine. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zakharchuk N, Borisova N, Guselnikova E, Brainina K. Determination of Thiols and Disulfides in Whole Blood and Its Fractions by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry and Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Titration. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Zhang D, Zhang M, Liu Z, Yu M, Li F, Yi T, Huang C. Highly selective colorimetric sensor for cysteine and homocysteine based on azo derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Petrlova J, Mikelova R, Stejskal K, Kleckerova A, Zitka O, Petrek J, Havel L, Zehnalek J, Vojtech A, Trnkova L, Kizek R. Simultaneous determination of eight biologically active thiol compounds using gradient elution-liquid chromatography with Coul-Array detection. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1166-73. [PMID: 16830732 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The most active form of sulfur in biomolecules is the thiol group, present in a number of biologically active compounds. Here we present a comprehensive study of thiol analysis using flow injection analysis/HPLC with electrochemical detection. The effect of different potentials of working electrodes, of organic solvent contents in the mobile phase, and of isocratic and gradient elution on simultaneous determination of thiol compounds (cysteine, cystine, N-acetylcysteine, homocysteine, reduced and oxidised glutathione, desglycinephytochelatin, and phytochelatins) are described and discussed. These thiol compounds were well separated and detected under optimised HPLC-electrochemical detection conditions (mobile phase: 80 mM trifluoroacetic acid and methanol with a gradient profile starting at 97:3 (TFA:methanol), kept constant for the first 8 min, then decreasing to 85:15 during one minute, kept constant for 8 min, and finally increasing linearly up to 97:3 from 17 to 18 min; the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, column and detector temperature 25 degrees C, and the electrode potential 900 mV). We were able to determine tens of femtomoles (3 S/N) of the thiols per injection (5 microL), except for phytochelatin5 whose detection limit was 2.1 pmole. This technique was consequently used for simultaneous determination of compounds of interest in biological samples (maize tissue and human blood serum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Petrlova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic
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43
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Jerremalm E, Wallin I, Yachnin J, Ehrsson H. Oxaliplatin degradation in the presence of important biological sulphur-containing compounds and plasma ultrafiltrate. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 28:278-83. [PMID: 16621479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin undergoes extensive non-enzymatic chemical transformation in the body. Complexes with sulphur-containing compounds have previously been found in plasma from patients treated with oxaliplatin. We have studied the kinetics for the reactions between oxaliplatin and cysteine, methionine, and glutathione, by determination of the degradation of oxaliplatin using liquid chromatography with UV-detection. We also studied the degradation of oxaliplatin in plasma ultrafiltrate (PUF). For the degradation of oxaliplatin in the presence of glutathione, methionine, and cysteine, the second-order rate constants were 4.7M(-1)min(-1) (95% confidence interval [C.I.], 4.4-5.0M(-1)min(-1)), 5.5M(-1)min(-1) (95% C.I., 5.2-5.7M(-1)min(-1)), and 15M(-1)min(-1) (95% C.I., 14-17M(-1)min(-1)), respectively. The reaction rate was much faster than previously reported kinetics for cisplatin. The degradation rate of oxaliplatin in PUF was biphasic. The rate constant for the first phase varied from 9.5x10(-3) to 0.13min(-1) and for the second phase from (1.7 to 1.8)x10(-3)min(-1) in PUF from five healthy volunteers. The first hours of the degradation of oxaliplatin in PUF are accounted for by the degradation of oxaliplatin in a cocktail of sodium chloride and sulphur-containing compounds at physiological plasma concentrations. In conclusion, the rate of the reaction of oxaliplatin with three sulphur-containing compounds was faster for oxaliplatin than what is previously known for cisplatin. This may be important with respect to differences in the cellular effects of cisplatin and oxaliplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Jerremalm
- Karolinska Pharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Bouligand J, Deroussent A, Paci A, Morizet J, Vassal G. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay of reduced and oxidized glutathione and main precursors in mice liver. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 832:67-74. [PMID: 16434243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay of glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and of precursors (gamma-glutamyl-cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine, cysteine, cystine, homocysteine and homocystine) was developed to study glutathione synthesis in mice liver. After iodoacetic acid derivatization, the analytes were analyzed using reversed-phase gradient HPLC and detected using multiple reaction monitoring. Linear calibrations were performed over the concentrations range of 100-10,000 ng/mL for the thiol-containing precursors and extended up to 100,000 ng/mL for GSH and GSSG. The method was validated for each compound with inter-day accuracy below 11.9% and with precision below 15%. The method showed low limits of quantitation of 100 ng/mL for each thiol-containing compound and GSSG and of 200 ng/mL for other disulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bouligand
- UPRES EA3535 Pharmacology and New Cancer Treatments, Institute Gustave Roussy and Paris XI University, Villejuif, France
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Tseng WL, Lee KH, Chang HT. Using nile red-adsorbed gold nanoparticles to locate glutathione within erythrocytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:10676-83. [PMID: 16262336 DOI: 10.1021/la0511034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous solution of Nile Red (NR)-absorbed 32-nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used to sense glutathione (GSH). When the NR product is displaced by GSH on the AuNP surface, the fluorescence of the solution increases and the AuNPs aggregate. To determine the concentration and distribution of GSH within erythrocyte cells, a homemade fluorescence and scattering microscope was constructed. This system allows monitoring, within individual cells, of the uptake and transportation of the NRAuNPs and the displacement of the NR product from the NRAuNP surface by GSH. The fluorescence and scattering images clearly indicate the location of GSH inside the cells; these findings are supported by images recorded using 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde, which is a highly selective fluorogenic reagent for GSH. Microscopic fluorescence measurements of the NRAuNPs revealed that the GSH concentration inside erythrocyte cells is 1.30 +/- 0.31 mM. To confirm this result, lysed erythrocyte cells were analyzed by applying capillary electrophoresis in conjunction with laser-induced fluorescence using NRAuNPs; accordingly, the average GSH concentration in a single erythrocyte cell was determined to be 1.32 +/- 0.06 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Xu H, Zhang W, Zhu W, Wang D, Ye J, Yamamoto K, Jin L. Simultaneous determination of total homocysteine, cysteine and methionine in hypothyroid patients’ plasma by liquid chromatography using platinum/poly(methyl violet) modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Houzé P, Borron SW, Scherninski F, Bousquet B, Gourmel B, Baud F. Measurement of serum pralidoxime methylsulfate (Contrathion®) by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 814:149-54. [PMID: 15607719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pralidoxime methylsulfate (Contrathion) is widely used to treat organophosphate poisoning. Despite animal and human studies, the usefulness of Contrathion therapy remains a matter of debate. Therapeutic dosage regimens need to be clarified and availability of a reliable method for plasma pralidoxime quantification would be helpful in this process. We here describe a high-performance liquid chromatography technique with electrochemical detection to measure pralidoxime concentrations in human serum using guanosine as an internal standard. The assay was linear between 0.25 and 50 microg mL(-1) with a quantification limit of 0.2 microg mL(-1). The analytical precision was satisfactory, with variation coefficients lower 10%. This assay was applied to the analysis of a serum from an organophosphorate poisoned patient and treated by Contrathion infusions (100 and 200 mg h(-1)) after a loading dose (400 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Houzé
- Laboratoire de Biochmie A, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
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Ringseis R, Matthes B, Lehmann V, Becker K, Schöps R, Ulbrich-Hofmann R, Eder K. Peptides and hydrolysates from casein and soy protein modulate the release of vasoactive substances from human aortic endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1721:89-97. [PMID: 15652183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2004] [Revised: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food proteins were shown to affect atherogenic risk factors, which is supposed to be related to specific peptide sequences encrypted within their primary sequence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of peptides and hydrolysates from two food proteins, casein and soy protein, on endothelial cell functions (cell proliferation and release of vasoactive substances). Cell proliferation was not influenced by dipeptides and most of the tripeptides, whereas several total hydrolysates from casein and soy protein inhibited cell proliferation at higher concentrations (>0.25 mg/mL; P<0.05). The release of one or more of the vasoactive substances, thromboxan B2 (stable marker of thromboxan A2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (stable marker of prostaglandin I2), endothelin-1, and nitric oxide, was significantly influenced by the incubation with various peptides compared with control cells (P<0.05). Various hydrolysate fractions from casein and soy protein influenced the release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha and nitric oxide (P<0.05) but did not influence the release of thromboxan B2 and endothelin-1. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that peptides and hydrolysate fractions from casein and soy protein influence endothelial cell function as evidenced by the modulation of endothelial cell proliferation and alterations in the release of vasoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ringseis
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Str. 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Satterfield MB, Sniegoski LT, Welch MJ, Nelson BC, Pfeiffer CM. Comparison of isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods for the determination of total homocysteine in plasma and serum. Anal Chem 2004; 75:4631-8. [PMID: 14632074 DOI: 10.1021/ac034207x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two independent methods have been critically evaluated and applied to the measurement of total homocysteine in serum and plasma: solid-phase anion extraction (SPAE) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and protein precipitation liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). In addition, analysis of samples prepared by SPAE was accomplished by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and LC/MS/MS. These methods have been used to determine total homocysteine levels in several existing serum-based Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and in patient plasma samples provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The precision of the homocysteine measurements in serum and plasma was critically evaluated, and method comparisons were carried out using Bland-Altman plots and bias analysis. On the basis of the excellent precision and close agreement of the mass spectrometric (MS) methods, the MS-based methods will be used for certification of a serum-based SRM for homocysteine and folates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Satterfield
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-0001, USA.
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50
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Chen SJ, Chang HT. Nile Red-Adsorbed Gold Nanoparticles for Selective Determination of Thiols Based on Energy Transfer and Aggregation. Anal Chem 2004; 76:3727-34. [PMID: 15228347 DOI: 10.1021/ac049787s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an aqueous solution of 32-nm gold nanoparticles (GNPs), to which Nile red (NR) has been noncovalently adsorbed, has been used for sensing thiols. The as-prepared NRGNPs fluoresce weakly as a result of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between NR and the GNPs. The fluorescence of a solution containing NRGNPs at pH 4.0 increases upon the addition of thiols, but not when amines, acids, alcohols, bovine serum albumin, or hemoglobin are added. This phenomenon allows for the selective determination of thiols such as cysteamine and homocysteine, which have limits of detection of 10.2 and 10.9 nM, respectively, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Interestingly, we have found that the excitation (lambda(ex) = 480 nm), emission (lambda(em) = 610 nm), and mass spectra (m/z 282) of the substance that desorbs from the GNPs in the presence of thiols are different from those of NR (lambda(ex) = 580 nm; lambda(em) = 652 nm; m/z 318), which indicates that a new product forms. When simultaneously conducting fluorescence and colorimetric assays, the selectivity of this approach further improves because at pH 4.0, the color of the NRGNPs does not change in the presence of negatively charged thiols, (e.g., N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine), but changes from maroon to purple and lavender in the presence of neutral thiols (e.g., 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol) and positively charged thiols (e.g., cysteamine), respectively, as a result of aggregation. This feature allows the types of thiols to be determined at concentrations >1.0 and 0.1 microM by the naked eye and by UV-vis absorption, respectively. Depending on the rate at which the NRGNP color changes, reduced glutathione (slow) is readily distinguishable from oxidized glutathione (no aggregation and no displacement) and from cysteine and homocysteine (fast).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ju Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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