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Sánchez-Queija I, Domínguez-Alarcón P, Díez M, Parra Á. Identity development and adjustment during emerging adulthood from a gender perspective. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 42:133-148. [PMID: 38009815 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Identity development is a key task during emerging adulthood. The goals of the present study are to validate the Spanish version of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) and to explore the relationship between identity dimensions and adjustment (flourishing and distress), from a gender perspective. The sample comprised 1502 Spanish university students (60.1% women). The results reveal that the DIDS is valid in the Spanish context and that significant gender differences were observed in some dimensions of identity development, with men scoring higher for identification with commitment and women scoring higher for exploration in depth and ruminative exploration. Finally, both dimensions of commitment and ruminative exploration had a stronger effect on men's than on women's adjustment, suggesting that the integration of the self has more impact on men's outcomes than on women's. These findings highlight the need to include the gender perspective in all future research in order to gain deeper insight into the relationship between the identity development process and adjustment during emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Domínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Díez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Águeda Parra
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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2
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Salehi Yegaei P, Achenbach TM, Trejos-Castillo E, Mastrotheodoros S, Izanloo B, Habibi Asgarabad M. Dimensions of Identity Development Scale: Confirmatory factor analysis, gender invariance, and external validity of the Persian version. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1115-1130. [PMID: 37246736 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties and gender invariance of the Iranian version of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS). A total of 1453 adolescents (50.8% female; 14-18 years old, mean = 15.48) participated in a cross-sectional study and completed the DIDS and the Youth Self-Report of behavior problems. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the six-factor model of the DIDS, echoing past studies showing the original 5th factor (Exploration in Depth) being divided into Exploration in Depth and Reconsidering the Commitment. The invariance testing showed comparable measurement properties of the DIDS across males and females (strict measurement invariance). Further, behavior problems were associated positively with Ruminative Exploration and negatively with Commitment Making, Identification with Commitments, Exploration in Depth, and Reconsideration of Commitments, whereas the opposite was true for academic performance. A six-factor DIDS was shown to be a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of identity development dimensions among Iranian adolescents. Future studies in the Iranian context evaluating the identity clusters derived from identity dimensions and their gender differences are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Salehi Yegaei
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas M Achenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Stefanos Mastrotheodoros
- Research Center for Adolescent Development, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Balal Izanloo
- Faculty of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Positive Youth Development Lab, Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Schwartz SJ, Ertanir B, Harkness A, Zamboanga BL, Bessaha ML, Bartholomew JB, Meca A, Michikyan M, Duque M, Montero-Zamora P, López-Madrigal C, Castillo LG, Ángel Cano M, Subrahmanyam K, Piña-Watson B, Regan P, Ham LS, Hanson MK, Martinez CR. The role of personal identity as a resource for college students during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37289970 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2214244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We examined the role of personal identity vis-à-vis COVID-related outcomes among college students from seven U.S. campuses during spring/summer 2021. Participants: The present sample consisted of 1,688 students (74.5% female, age range 18-29). The sample was ethnically diverse, and 57.3% were first-generation students. Procedures: Students completed an online survey assessing personal identity synthesis and confusion, COVID-related worries, general internalizing symptoms, positive adaptation, and general well-being. Results: Personal identity synthesis was negatively related to COVID-related worries and general internalizing symptoms, and positively related to positive adaptation, both directly and indirectly through life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Personal identity confusion evidenced an opposing set of direct and indirect associations with outcome variables. Conclusions: Personal identity may potentially be protective against pandemic-related distress among college students, in part through its association with well-being. Reducing identity confusion and promoting identity synthesis are essential among college students during this and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beyhan Ertanir
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern, Windisch, Aargau, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Melissa L Bessaha
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Alan Meca
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Minas Michikyan
- California State University-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria Duque
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Iwasa Y, Hihara S, Ishizaki K, Yasui G, Hiro M, Sugimura K. Identity development and online and offline prosocial behaviors among early and middle adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1148347. [PMID: 37303905 PMCID: PMC10248000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that adolescents of the digital age engage in developmental tasks by interacting with others in both online and offline environments. However, no studies have investigated how adolescents develop their identity, a crucial developmental task, by engaging in online and offline prosocial behaviors. To address this research gap, we examined the role of online and offline prosocial behavior in identity development during adolescence using variable- and person-centered approaches. The participants were 608 individuals in early adolescence (50.2% girls; age range = 12-13 years, Mage = 12.75 years, SD = 0.43) and 594 individuals in middle adolescence (50.3% girls; age range = 15-16 years, Mage = 15.79 years, SD = 0.41) in Japan. They completed questionnaires to measure identity development, online and offline prosocial behavior, and demographic characteristics. The results from the variable-centered approach (i.e., identity dimensions) revealed that both online and offline prosocial behaviors were positively related to commitments and proactive explorations in early and middle adolescence. The findings from the person-centered approach (i.e., identity statuses) demonstrated that early and middle adolescents with higher levels of online prosocial behavior were more likely to show searching moratorium than all other identity statuses, whereas those with higher levels of offline prosocial behavior were more likely to show achievement than troubled diffusion, carefree diffusion, and undifferentiated. Consistent with both variable- and person-centered approaches, these findings highlight that online prosocial behavior can be a new resource for identity development in adolescence. Moreover, the results suggest that online prosocial behaviors lead to identity status in the process of maturing identity and that offline prosocial behavior is necessary to become more mature identity status. Regarding practical implications, educating adolescents on digital media literacy, including supportive behavior in online environments, is crucial to gradually exploring their identity. In addition, for adolescents to develop more mature identity, adults should create in-person environments in which they participate in offline prosocial behavior. The limitations of our findings with respect to the online and offline prosocial behavior scale items are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Iwasa
- Division of Liberal Arts, Natural, Social, and Health Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Faculty of Business Administration, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Genki Yasui
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiro
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kemp AM, O'Brien KH, Wallace T. Reconceptualizing Recovery After Concussion: A Phenomenological Exploration of College Student Experiences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:867-882. [PMID: 36108288 DOI: 10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Typical measures of recovery from concussion-such as symptom scales, neurocognitive testing, or exertion measures-may not capture individualized experiences of concussion. This report examines how college students with concussion interact with and consider their recovery. METHOD Sixteen college students who sustained concussions while in college completed 40- to 75-min semistructured interviews. All were enrolling to become mentors in a peer mentoring program for students with concussion. Questions addressed experiences as a college student with concussion, life changes following concussion, and role of peers in recovery. Using phenomenological reduction, analysis focused on the phenomenon of recovery and motivation for participation in a mentoring program. RESULTS Two main themes were found: (a) What Recovery Looks Like and (b) Gaining Perspective, Learning to Cope and Adapting to Change. Thirteen participants denied the label of "recovered" even though all had been deemed recovered and discharged from medical care. Instead, two subthemes emerged within What Recovery Looks Like: Ongoing Recovery and Reconceptualizing Recovery. Perceptions of recovery were influenced by effort, capacity, and resilience. In the second theme, students described strategies, resources, and supports used to cope with their injuries; most commonly used was emotion-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS College students with concussion consider recovery as an ongoing process rather than a dichotomized condition. Student experiences may not be reflected in commonly used symptom scales or objective assessments. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21084925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Kemp
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Katy H O'Brien
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Tracey Wallace
- SHARE Military Initiative at Shepherd Center, Crawford Research Institute, Complex Concussion Clinic, Atlanta, GA
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Davies RL, Cox S, Kelley ML, Meca A, Milam AL, Chae JW. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Personal Identity, and Meaning in Life in U.S. Veterans. IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2022.2124513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Davies
- Clinical Psychology, Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA
| | - Sean Cox
- Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Michelle L. Kelley
- Clinical Psychology, Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA
- Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Alan Meca
- Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alicia L. Milam
- Clinical Psychology, Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA
| | - John W. Chae
- Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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Lefevor GT, Park SY, Acevedo MJ, Jones PJ. Sexual Orientation Complexity and Psychosocial/Health Outcomes. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022; 69:190-204. [PMID: 32903165 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1815432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Individuals whose sexual attraction or behavior varies from others' expectations based on their sexual identity were initially described as exhibiting sexual orientation discordance. This conceptualization has been challenged as inaccurate and value-laden, and "branchedness" has been suggested as a value-neutral description. Using a United States national sample of 4,530 participants from the 2013-2014 Center for Collegiate Mental Health database, we challenge the empirical distinctness of the phenomenon of sexual orientation discordance by 1) replicating previous work that indicates that branched individuals evidence unique psychosocial and health outcomes relative to non-branched individuals and 2) using stepwise regression to demonstrate that these differences in outcomes can be accounted for by variation in sexual attraction, behavior, and identity and that "discordance" between indicators failed to explain additional variation in outcomes. We encourage researchers to adopt non-normative language and conceptualizations in their study of sexual orientation complexity and branchedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tyler Lefevor
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Yg University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Maximo J Acevedo
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Payton J Jones
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Cacace S, Smith EJ, Cramer RJ, Meca A, Desmarais SL. Military self-stigma as a mediator of the link between military identity and suicide risk. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1994329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cacace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily J. Smith
- Center for Family and Community Engagement, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert J. Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan Meca
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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9
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Skhirtladze N, Luyckx K, Schwartz SJ. Longitudinal associations between Identity processes and goal engagement and disengagement: Directionality of effects and correlated change. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Skhirtladze
- Dimitri Uznadze Institute of Psychology Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- UNIBS University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA
- School of Education University of Texas Austin USA
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10
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Sofija E, Harris N, Phung D, Sav A, Sebar B. Does Flourishing Reduce Engagement in Unhealthy and Risky Lifestyle Behaviours in Emerging Adults? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9472. [PMID: 33348792 PMCID: PMC7766773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is a transitional life stage with increased probability of risky and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours that are known to have strong links with premature mortality and morbidity. Wellbeing, as a positive subjective experience, is identified as a factor that encourages self-care and may steer individuals away from risky lifestyle behaviours. Investigating wellbeing-behaviour links in the emerging adult population may increase understanding of the factors that lead to, and ways to prevent, engagement in risky behaviours. This study examines the association between flourishing, that is, the experience of both high hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, and a broad range of risky and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among emerging adults in Australia. A cross-sectional survey of 1155 emerging adults aged 18-25 years measured wellbeing, socio-demographics, and six groups of lifestyle behaviours surrounding substance use, physical activity, diet, sex, sun protection, and driving. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that flourishing was negatively associated with more dangerous types of risk behaviours, such as driving under the influence of drugs, and positively associated with self-care behaviours, such as healthier dietary behaviour and sun protection. If enabling emerging adults to flourish can contribute to reduced engagement in risky/unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, then promoting it is an important goal for health promotion efforts not only because flourishing is desirable in its own right, but also to bring about sustainable change in behaviour. Further research is needed to inform the designs of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesta Sofija
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Neil Harris
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Dung Phung
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Adem Sav
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane 4059, Australia;
| | - Bernadette Sebar
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Australia; (N.H.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
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Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Macalli M, Bouteloup V, Tzourio C, Galéra C. Health Risk Behaviors and Self-Esteem Among College Students: Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:142-159. [PMID: 32072455 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their impact on premature mortality and long-term disabilities, a better understanding of health risk behavior (HRB) determinants among college students is crucial in order to build the most appropriate prevention tools. Although self-esteem appears to be a relevant candidate, a clear picture summarizing its multiple links with HRB is lacking to guide clinicians and researchers. This study aims to provide a systematic review of the associations between health risk behavior and self-esteem among college students. METHODS This search was performed in several databases on 02/02/17. Study eligibility criteria were original articles in peer-reviewed journals, in English; observational quantitative studies; among college students; and investigated the association between self-esteem and HRB. The PRISMA statements were complied with. RESULTS One hundred fifteen articles were included: 46 on substance use, 35 on sexual behavior, 11 on nutritional habits, 27 on physical activity, and 5 on other HRB. Most studies reported an association between higher self-esteem and healthier behavior. For alcohol consumption and number of sexual partners, both negative and positive associations have been reported. Directionality was investigated in a few studies suggesting potential bidirectional effects. CONCLUSIONS This review points out the need for consensus for the definition of self-esteem and HRB. There was high heterogeneity in (1) the measurement of self-esteem either in the concept measured (global vs. domain) or in the way to implement validated tools; and (2) the definition of HRB. Self-esteem seems to be a relevant target to intervene on HRB, especially alcohol abuse and physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number: PROSPERO (ID = CRD42017056599).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arsandaux
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Macalli
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Bouteloup
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team HEALTHY, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
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Michikyan M. Linking online self‐presentation to identity coherence, identity confusion, and social anxiety in emerging adulthood. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 38:543-565. [DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minas Michikyan
- Department of Psychology California State University Los Angeles California USA
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13
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Washburn-Busk M, Vennum A, McAllister P, Busk P. Navigating "Breakup Remorse": Implications for Disrupting the On-Again/Off-Again Cycles in Young Adult Dating Relationships. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2020; 46:413-430. [PMID: 32157708 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While the research is clear on the risks for distress associated with on-again, off-again romantic relationships (i.e., cyclical relationships), little is known about the change mechanisms experienced by partners in cyclical relationships or how helping professionals can assist young adults stably continue or end these relationships. Young adults (N = 21) in different stages of cyclical relationships (renewed, ended, or contemplating renewal) attended focus groups and articulated specific mechanisms that influenced their ability to make distress-reducing decisions. Main themes for professionals working with partners in cyclical relationships centered on promoting "decision-making resilience," which included addressing issues around identity development, communication, power/control dynamics, and intentionality. These results inform assessments and interventions to bolster resilience and reduce distress for cyclical couples.
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14
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Grob R, Schlesinger M, Wise M, Pandhi N. Stumbling Into Adulthood: Learning From Depression While Growing Up. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:1392-1408. [PMID: 32364433 PMCID: PMC8061165 DOI: 10.1177/1049732320914579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression manifests in distinct ways across the life course. Recent research emphasizes how depression impedes development during emerging adulthood. However, our study-based on 40 interviews with emerging adults from multiple regions in the United States, analyzed following grounded theory-suggests a more complex narrative. Increasing experience with cycles of depression can also catalyze (a) mature perspectives and coping mechanisms that protect against depression's lowest lows; (b) deeper self-knowledge and direction, which in turn promoted a coherent personal identity; and (c) emergence of a life purpose, which fostered attainment of adult roles, skill development, greater life satisfaction, and enriched identity. Our synthesis reveals how depression during emerging adulthood can function at once as toxin, potential antidote, and nutritional supplement fostering healthy development. Our central finding that young adults adapt to rather than recover from depression can also enrich resilience theory, and inform both social discourse and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Grob
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Meg Wise
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nancy Pandhi
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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15
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Meca A, Paulson JF, Webb TN, Kelley ML, Rodil JC. Examination of the Relationship between Parenting Identity and Internalizing Problems: A Preliminary Examination of Gender and Parental Status Differences. IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2020.1737070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Meca
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - James F. Paulson
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Taylor N. Webb
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle L. Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Julia C. Rodil
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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16
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Kalkbrenner MT, Sink CA, Schwitzer A, Richards T. Understanding Mental Health Scale: Development, Validation, and Implications for College Counselors. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan Schwitzer
- Department of Counseling and Human ServicesOld Dominion University
| | - Traci Richards
- Department of Counseling and Human ServicesOld Dominion University
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17
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Cresswell L, Cage E. 'Who Am I?': An Exploratory Study of the Relationships Between Identity, Acculturation and Mental Health in Autistic Adolescents. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:2901-2912. [PMID: 31004247 PMCID: PMC6606666 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autistic adolescents are at increased risk of mental health difficulties. One potential factor contributing to this is identity development, although this hypothesis has been little explored. These adolescents also have to consider how autism forms their identity, a process called acculturation. This exploratory study examined the relationships between identity, acculturation and mental health in autistic adolescents. Twenty-four participants completed measures investigating identity, acculturation and mental health. Findings suggested mental health was not related to personal identity. Mental health scores did not differ between acculturation groups, however those aligned to non-autistic culture tended to generate more positive self-statements than those aligned to neither culture. These findings suggest autistic adolescents should be encouraged to explore autistic culture and supported in constructing their identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Cresswell
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Eilidh Cage
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Lindekilde N, Lübeck M, Lasgaard M. Identity formation and evaluation in adolescence and emerging adulthood: How is it associated with depressive symptoms and loneliness? Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2018; 6:91-97. [PMID: 33520756 PMCID: PMC7703840 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2018-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Developing a personal identity is a challenging task throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood. In 2006, Luyckx and colleagues developed an identity model differentiating identity formation into exploration and commitment dimensions. Previous studies have documented associations between the identity dimensions and different aspects of mental health. Objective: Based on Luyckx and colleagues five-dimensional identity model, the present study investigated associations between identity dimensions and intra- and interpersonal aspects of mental health. Method: In total, 524 high school students (65 % female; mean age = 18.27; SD = 1.15) participated in a cross-sectional study measuring five identity dimensions and intra- and interpersonal aspects of mental health (depressive symptoms and loneliness). Correlation coefficients were calculated and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Results: Only two of the five identity dimensions: Identification with Commitment and Ruminative Exploration, were significantly associated with depression. None of the five identity dimensions were associated with loneliness. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the identity dimensions are not specifically associated with feelings of loneliness but that Identification with Commitment and Ruminative Exploration may be key components in the development of depressive symptoms. Future studies exploring the associations of identity dimensions and multiple intra- and interpersonal aspects of mental health are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Lindekilde
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marlene Lübeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Lasgaard
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, Denmark.,DEFACTUM - Public Health & Health Services Research, Central Denmark Region, Olof Palmes Allé 15, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Grotevant HD, Lo AYH, Fiorenzo L, Dunbar ND. Adoptive identity and adjustment from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A person-centered approach. Dev Psychol 2018; 53:2195-2204. [PMID: 29094980 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adopted persons face special challenges in the development of identity, as aspects of their histories may be unknown, making it difficult to construct a coherent narrative linking past, present, and future. Extensive literature on adjustment outcomes for adopted persons indicates an elevated risk for adjustment problems. In this study, a low-risk sample of adopted youth is involved to examine, longitudinally, connections between adoptive identity and adjustment. Participants included 145 adopted youth who participated in Waves 2 (W2: adolescence: mean age = 15.7) and 3 (W3: emerging adulthood: mean age = 25.0) of a longitudinal study with a nationwide sample. Children were placed with same-race adoptive families (over 95% White) as infants through domestic private adoption agencies in the U.S. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were assessed by the Youth Self Report (W2) and the Adult Self Report (W3). Adoptive identity was assessed by ratings of 6 dimensions coded from interviews which, using cluster analysis, revealed 4 adoptive identity subgroups: unexamined, limited, unsettled, and integrated. Factorial ANCOVA examined mean differences in W3 internalizing problems across identity clusters while controlling for W2 internalizing. The main effect for adoptive identity cluster was significant: F(3, 840.72) = 3.724, p = .011. Adopted adolescents in the unsettled group had significantly higher levels of internalizing problems in emerging adulthood than persons in the unexamined and limited categories. A similar ANCOVA for W3 externalizing behavior was not significant. Identity profiles high in negative affect may be at particular risk of increased levels of internalizing problems. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold D Grotevant
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Albert Y H Lo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Lisa Fiorenzo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Nora D Dunbar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University
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20
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Kim B, Patterson P, White K. Developmental considerations of young people with cancer transitioning to adulthood. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018. [PMID: 29542833 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The literature concerning the impact of having cancer during adolescence and emerging adulthood has been widely discussed in relation to the unique nature of psychosocial challenges. The current study presents these findings within the context of developmental literature to further our understanding on how their developmental transitioning can be affected by having cancer. Specifically, two developmental milestones considered to be the pre-requisites for acquiring an adult status were focused on: forming identity and establishing independence. Several traditions of developmental literature were incorporated, including the psychosocial, sociological and psychoanalytical perspectives. The study discusses challenges to these developmental processes and suggests measures to foster young people's normative development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kim
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P Patterson
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Research & Youth Cancer Services, Research, Evaluation, and Social Policy Unit, CanTeen Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K White
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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The relationship between identity processes and well-being in various life domains. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Kim B, White K. How can health professionals enhance interpersonal communication with adolescents and young adults to improve health care outcomes?: systematic literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2017.1330696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, CNRU, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate White
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, CNRU, Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Cordeiro PMG, Paixão MP, Lens W, Lacante M, Luyckx K. Parenting Styles, Identity Development, and Adjustment in Career Transitions. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0894845316672742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drawing from self-determination theory, this study examines how does perceived parenting and psychological needs relate to identity development and psychosocial adjustment in Portuguese 12th-grade students ( N = 462) who prepare the transition to higher education or to the job market. Path model results revealed two distinct pathways: a “growth-oriented pathway” from need-supporting parenting to integrated career exploration, commitment-making and well-being via need satisfaction and a “vulnerability” pathway from need-thwarting parenting to both diminished well-being and ill-being through need frustration. Findings suggest that perceived parental support is a protective factor, and parental thwarting a risk factor for career decision-making, but this relation is mediated by the adolescents’ subjective feelings of psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Altogether, they suggest the need to customize interventions with adolescents to address “bright” and “dark” trajectories of identity development and establish a supportive counseling climate that facilitates the exploration of different aspects of self-environment in career transition periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Paula Paixão
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Willy Lens
- School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Deceased Author
| | - Marlies Lacante
- School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Mastrotheodoros S, Motti-Stefanidi F. Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS): A test of longitudinal measurement invariance in Greek adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1241175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Mastrotheodoros
- Department of Psychology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Research Center Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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25
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Harper GW, Serrano PA, Bruce D, Bauermeister JA. The Internet's Multiple Roles in Facilitating the Sexual Orientation Identity Development of Gay and Bisexual Male Adolescents. Am J Mens Health 2016; 10:359-76. [PMID: 25585861 PMCID: PMC4824670 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314566227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One emerging avenue for the exploration of adolescents' sexual orientation identity development is the Internet, since it allows for varying degrees of anonymity and exploration. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the role of the Internet in facilitating the sexual orientation identity development process of gay and bisexual male adolescents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with an ethnically diverse sample of 63 gay/bisexual male adolescents (ages 15-23). Participants reported using a range of Internet applications as they explored and came to accept their sexual orientation identity, with the intended purpose and degree of anonymity desired determining which applications were used. Youth reported that the Internet provided a range of functions with regard to the exploration and acceptance of their sexual orientation identity, including (1) increasing self-awareness of sexual orientation identity, (2) learning about gay/bisexual community life, (3) communicating with other gay/bisexual people, (4) meeting other gay/bisexual people, (5) finding comfort and acceptance with sexual orientation, and (6) facilitating the coming out process. Future research and practice may explore the Internet as a platform for promoting the healthy development of gay and bisexual male adolescents by providing a developmentally and culturally appropriate venue for the exploration and subsequent commitment to an integrated sexual orientation identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Harper
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pedro A Serrano
- John H. Stroger, Jr., Hospital of Cook County/Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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The Health Needs of Young Women: Applying a Feminist Philosophical Lens to Nursing Science and Practice. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2016; 39:108-18. [PMID: 27149225 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing development of nursing science requires attention to the philosophical and theoretical bases upon which the science is built. A feminist theoretical perspective offers a useful lens for understanding the needs of both nurses and their clients. Adolescent and young adult women are an underserved and understudied population for whom nursing care can be especially beneficial. Considering the needs of this population from a philosophical perspective, through a feminist lens, is one effective means of developing nursing science approaches that contribute to and ultimately improve care for adolescent and young adult women.
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27
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Morsunbul U, Crocetti E, Cok F, Meeus W. Identity statuses and psychosocial functioning in Turkish youth: A person-centered approach. J Adolesc 2016; 47:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Waterman AS. What Does It Mean to Engage in Identity Exploration and to Hold Identity Commitments? A Methodological Critique of Multidimensional Measures for the Study of Identity Processes. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2015.1089403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Skhirtladze N, Javakhishvili N, Schwartz SJ, Beyers W, Luyckx K. Identity processes and statuses in post-Soviet Georgia: Exploration processes operate differently. J Adolesc 2015; 47:197-209. [PMID: 26346125 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identity formation is one of the main developmental tasks of emerging adulthood. Based on quantitative data on a five-dimensional model of identity formation, we concluded that the identity formation process has some different features in the Republic of Georgia than it does in many Western countries. Results obtained from young Georgian adults (N = 295, 82.6% female) yielded four exploration processes instead of three, which is in line with the recent Swiss findings. A key difference between Georgia and the Western contexts, however, is that exploration in breadth is highly correlated with ruminative exploration. Cluster analysis, which produced six identity clusters, also supported this pattern. Achievement, the most adjusted cluster in Western contexts, was relatively low on exploration in breadth. We discuss ways in which the Georgian transition from Soviet communism to a more globalized society may contribute to limited opportunities for identity exploration and may add some tension to the identity development process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seth J Schwartz
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Schwartz SJ, Hardy SA, Zamboanga BL, Meca A, Waterman AS, Picariello S, Luyckx K, Crocetti E, Kim SY, Brittian AS, Roberts SE, Whitbourne SK, Ritchie RA, Brown EJ, Forthun LF. Identity in young adulthood: Links with mental health and risky behavior. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 36:39-52. [PMID: 34334855 PMCID: PMC8319849 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to contribute to our understanding of young adult identity development by deriving latent profiles from intrapersonal and interpersonal indices of identity synthesis and confusion. A sample of 9737 college-attending young adults completed measures of identity, mental health, and health risk behaviors. Four latent profiles emerged: Synthesized (high synthesis, low confusion), Diffused (moderate synthesis, high confusion), Elevated (high synthesis and confusion), and Moderate (moderate synthesis and confusion). The Synthesized profile was associated with the highest well-being and the lowest levels of internalizing, externalizing, and health risks. The Diffused and Elevated profiles were both associated with low well-being and with high internalizing, externalizing, and risky behaviors - with the Elevated profile highest on all of the negative outcomes. The Moderate profile scored intermediately on well-being, internalizing, externalizing, and health risks. These results are discussed in terms of the role of identity within a successful transition to adulthood.
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31
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Schwartz SJ, Kim SY, Whitbourne SK, Zamboanga BL, Weisskirch RS, Forthun LF, Vazsonyi AT, Beyers W, Luyckx K. Converging identities: dimensions of acculturation and personal identity status among immigrant college students. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 19:155-65. [PMID: 23148900 PMCID: PMC7884054 DOI: 10.1037/a0030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to ascertain the extent to which dimensions of acculturation would differ across personal identity statuses in a sample of 2,411 first- and second-generation, immigrant, college-attending emerging adults. Participants from 30 colleges and universities around the United States completed measures of personal identity processes, as well as of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications. Cluster-analytic procedures were used to classify participants into personal identity statuses based on the personal identity processes. Results indicated that, across ethnic groups, individuals in the achieved and searching moratorium statuses reported the greatest endorsement of heritage and American cultural practices, values, and identifications; and individuals in the carefree diffusion status reported the lowest endorsement of all the cultural variables under study. These results are discussed in terms of the convergence between personal identity and cultural identity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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32
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Castillo LG, Schwartz SJ. Introduction to the special issue on college student mental health. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:291-7. [PMID: 23381839 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article provides an introduction to the special issue on college student mental health. It gives an overview of the establishment of the Multi-Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC) collaborative by a group of national experts on culture and identity. Information about the procedures used to collect a nationally represented sample of college students are provided. METHOD Data were collected from 30 university sites across the United States. The sample comprised 10,573 undergraduate college students, of which 73% were women, 63% White, 9% African American/Black, 14% Latino/Hispanic, 13% Asian American, and 1% Other. RESULTS The special issue comprises a compilation of 8 studies that used the dataset specifically created to examine the issues of emerging adults, culture, and identity. CONCLUSIONS Student mental health problems are a growing concern on college campuses. Studies covered in this special issue have implications for policy development regarding college alcohol use and traumatic victimization, include attention to underrepresented minority and immigrant groups on college campuses, and focus on positive as well as pathological aspects of the college experience.
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