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Aliya S, Farani MR, Kim E, Kim S, Gupta VK, Kumar K, Huh YS. Therapeutic targeting of the tumor microenvironments with cannabinoids and their analogs: Update on clinical trials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:115862. [PMID: 37146933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major global public health concern that affects both industrialized and developing nations. Current cancer chemotherapeutic options are limited by side effects, but plant-derived alternatives and their derivatives offer the possibilities of enhanced treatment response and reduced side effects. A plethora of recently published articles have focused on treatments based on cannabinoids and cannabinoid analogs and reported that they positively affect healthy cell growth and reverse cancer-related abnormalities by targeting aberrant tumor microenvironments (TMEs), lowering tumorigenesis, preventing metastasis, and/or boosting the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Furthermore, TME modulating systems are receiving much interest in the cancer immunotherapy field because it has been shown that TMEs have significant impacts on tumor progression, angiogenesis, invasion, migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, metastasis and development of drug resistance. Here, we have reviewed the effective role of cannabinoids, their analogs and cannabinoid nano formulations on the cellular components of TME (endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblast and immune cells) and how efficiently it retards the progression of carcinogenesis is discussed. The article summarizes the existing research on the molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids regulation of the TME and finally highlights the human studies on cannabinoids' active interventional clinical trials. The conclusion outlines the need for future research involving clinical trials of cannabinoids to demonstrate their efficacy and activity as a treatment/prevention for various types of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Aliya
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Suheon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Davidson CT, Miller E, Muir M, Dawson JC, Lee M, Aitken S, Serrels A, Webster SP, Homer NZM, Andrew R, Brunton VG, Hadoke PWF, Walker BR. 11β-HSD1 inhibition does not affect murine tumour angiogenesis but may exert a selective effect on tumour growth by modulating inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0255709. [PMID: 36940215 PMCID: PMC10027213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids inhibit angiogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid-activating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) reduces tissue-specific glucocorticoid action and promotes angiogenesis in murine models of myocardial infarction. Angiogenesis is important in the growth of some solid tumours. This study used murine models of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to test the hypothesis that 11β-HSD1 inhibition promotes angiogenesis and subsequent tumour growth. SCC or PDAC cells were injected into female FVB/N or C57BL6/J mice fed either standard diet, or diet containing the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor UE2316. SCC tumours grew more rapidly in UE2316-treated mice, reaching a larger (P<0.01) final volume (0.158 ± 0.037 cm3) than in control mice (0.051 ± 0.007 cm3). However, PDAC tumour growth was unaffected. Immunofluorescent analysis of SCC tumours did not show differences in vessel density (CD31/alpha-smooth muscle actin) or cell proliferation (Ki67) after 11β-HSD1 inhibition, and immunohistochemistry of SCC tumours did not show changes in inflammatory cell (CD3- or F4/80-positive) infiltration. In culture, the growth/viability (assessed by live cell imaging) of SCC cells was not affected by UE2316 or corticosterone. Second Harmonic Generation microscopy showed that UE2316 reduced Type I collagen (P<0.001), whilst RNA-sequencing revealed that multiple factors involved in the innate immune/inflammatory response were reduced in UE2316-treated SCC tumours. 11β-HSD1 inhibition increases SCC tumour growth, likely via suppression of inflammatory/immune cell signalling and extracellular matrix deposition, but does not promote tumour angiogenesis or growth of all solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callam T. Davidson
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Miller
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Serrels
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Scott P. Webster
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Z. M. Homer
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Mass Spectrometry Core, Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Andrew
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick W. F. Hadoke
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R. Walker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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The basement membrane-related gene signature is associated with immunity and predicts survival accurately in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04549-2. [PMID: 36575345 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Expression defects and turnover of basement membrane (BM) proteins are key pathogenic factors in cancer. It is still uncertain how the expression of BM-related genes (BMGs) in HCC relates to prognosis. METHODS All of the HCC cohort's RNA-seq and clinical information came from TCGA datasets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm was utilized to filter down the candidate genes and construct the prognostic model. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were run to examine if the risk score may serve as a standalone prognostic indicator. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was utilized to analyze examine immune cell infiltration and pathway activity. RESULTS Five genes and their risk coefficients were eventually identified and patients with HCC were classified as either high or low risk based on the median of risk scores. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found a significant correlation between risk score and OS (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that BMGs signature had good prediction ability for HCC patients in age, gender, T stage, and AJCC stage (all p < 0.05). According to the ssGSEA, the high-risk subgroup showed higher levels of immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathways were more engaged in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS Our research systematically built a prognostic model using risk score based on BMGs signature in HCC patients. The immune feature analysis of the BMGs signature indicated a potential regulation between tumor immunity and BM in HCC.
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Yang L, Li J, Zang G, Song S, Sun Z, Li X, Li Y, Xie Z, Zhang G, Gui N, Zhu S, Chen T, Cai Y, Zhao Y. Pin1/YAP pathway mediates matrix stiffness-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition driving cervical cancer metastasis via a non-Hippo mechanism. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10375. [PMID: 36684109 PMCID: PMC9842039 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer metastasis is an important cause of death in cervical cancer. Previous studies have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumors promotes its invasive and metastatic capacity. Alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mechanical signaling are closely associated with cancer cell metastasis. However, it is unclear how matrix stiffness as an independent cue triggers EMT and promotes cervical cancer metastasis. Using collagen-coated polyacrylamide hydrogel models and animal models, we investigated the effect of matrix stiffness on EMT and metastasis in cervical cancer. Our data showed that high matrix stiffness promotes EMT and migration of cervical cancer hela cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we found that matrix stiffness regulates yes-associated protein (YAP) activity via PPIase non-mitotic a-interaction 1 (Pin1) with a non-Hippo mechanism. These data indicate that matrix stiffness of the tumor microenvironment positively regulates EMT in cervical cancer through the Pin1/YAP pathway, and this study deepens our understanding of cervical cancer biomechanics and may provide new ideas for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Jingwen Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Sijie Song
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Xinyue Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Yuanzhu Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Zhenhong Xie
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Ni Gui
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Shu Zhu
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Tingting Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Yikui Cai
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
| | - Yinping Zhao
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell BiologyLab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityYuzhong District, ChongqingChina
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He X, Lee B, Jiang Y. Extracellular matrix in cancer progression and therapy. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:125-139. [PMID: 37724245 PMCID: PMC10471113 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The tumor ecosystem with heterogeneous cellular compositions and the tumor microenvironment has increasingly become the focus of cancer research in recent years. The extracellular matrix (ECM), the major component of the tumor microenvironment, and its interactions with the tumor cells and stromal cells have also enjoyed tremendously increased attention. Like the other components of the tumor microenvironment, the ECM in solid tumors differs significantly from that in normal organs and tissues. We review recent studies of the complex roles the tumor ECM plays in cancer progression, from tumor initiation, growth to angiogenesis and invasion. We highlight that the biomolecular, biophysical, and mechanochemical interactions between the ECM and cells not only regulate the steps of cancer progression, but also affect the efficacy of systemic cancer treatment. We further discuss the strategies to target and modify the tumor ECM to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu He
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Byoungkoo Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Harmon KA, Roman S, Lancaster HD, Chowhury S, Cull E, Goodwin RL, Arce S, Fanning S. Structural and Ultrastructural Analysis of the Multiple Myeloma Cell Niche and a Patient-Specific Model of Plasma Cell Dysfunction. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:254-264. [PMID: 34881690 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly, incurable malignancy in which antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) become neoplastic. Previous studies have shown that the PC niche plays a role cancer progression. Bone marrow (BM) cores from MM and a premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) patients were analyzed with confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The BM aspirates from these patients were used to generate 3D PC cultures. These in vitro cultures were then assayed for the molecular, cellular, and ultrastructural hallmarks of dysfunctional PC at days 1 and 5. In vivo, evidence of PC endoplasmic reticulum stress was found in both MM and MGUS BM; however, evidence of PC autophagy was found only in MM BM. Analysis of in vitro cultures found that MM PC can survive and maintain a differentiated phenotype over an unprecedented 5 days, had higher levels of paraprotein production when compared to MGUS-derived cultures, and showed evidence of PC autophagy as well. Increased fibronectin deposition around PC associated with disease severity and autophagy dysregulation was also observed. 3D cultures constructed from BM aspirates from MGUS and MM patients allow for long-term culture of functional PC while maintaining their distinct morphological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harrison D Lancaster
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Saeeda Chowhury
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cull
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Richard L Goodwin
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Sergio Arce
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Suzanne Fanning
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
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Saitoh T, Oda T. DNA Damage Response in Multiple Myeloma: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:504. [PMID: 33525741 PMCID: PMC7865954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy characterized by genomic instability. MM cells present various forms of genetic instability, including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and base-pair alterations, as well as changes in chromosome number. The tumor microenvironment and an abnormal DNA repair function affect genetic instability in this disease. In addition, states of the tumor microenvironment itself, such as inflammation and hypoxia, influence the DNA damage response, which includes DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle checkpoints, and apoptotic pathways. Unrepaired DNA damage in tumor cells has been shown to exacerbate genomic instability and aberrant features that enable MM progression and drug resistance. This review provides an overview of the DNA repair pathways, with a special focus on their function in MM, and discusses the role of the tumor microenvironment in governing DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan;
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Zhou R, Liu D, Zhu J, Zhang T. Common gene signatures and key pathways in hypopharyngeal and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22434. [PMID: 33080677 PMCID: PMC7571924 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypopharyngeal and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are the most common double primary tumors with poor prognosis. Intensive work has been made to illuminate the etiology, but the common carcinogenic mechanism remains unclear. Thus, we conducted the study to seek to find the common gene signatures and key functional pathways associated with oncogenesis and treatment in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) and ESCC by bioinformatic analysis. METHODS Three independent datasets (GSE2379, GSE20347, and GSE75241) were screened out from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R online platform. Subsequently, the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis of DEGs were conducted using database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID). Meanwhile, the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) constructed by search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) was visualized using Cytoscape. Afterwards, the most key module and hub genes were extracted from the PPI network using the Molecular Complex Detection plugin. Moreover, the gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) was applied to verify the expression differences and conduct the survival analyses of hub genes. Finally, the interaction network of miRNAs and hub genes constructed by encyclopedia of RNA interactomes (ENCORI) was visualized using Cytoscape. RESULTS A total of 43 DEGs were identified, comprising 25 upregulated genes and 18 downregulated genes, which were mainly involved in the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, collagen metabolic, epidermis development, cell adhesion, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Subsequently, 12 hub genes were obtained and survival analysis demonstrated SERPINE1 and SPP1 were closely related to poor prognosis of patients with HSCC and ESCC. Finally, hsa-miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-29a-3p, and hsa-miR-29b-3p were confirmed as the top 3 interactive miRNAs that target the most hub genes according to the interaction network of miRNAs and hub genes. CONCLUSION The common gene signatures and functional pathways identified in the study may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of HSCC and ESCC, and provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denghua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Immune Cell Infiltration and Identifying Genes of Prognostic Value in the Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment by Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5019746. [PMID: 32775427 PMCID: PMC7399742 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5019746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is one of the most common histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Type 1 and type 2 PRCC are reported to be clinically and biologically distinct. However, little is known about immune infiltration and the expression patterns of immune-related genes in these two histologic subtypes, thereby limiting the development of immunotherapy for PRCC. Thus, we analyzed the expression of 22 immune cells in type 1 and type 2 PRCC tissues by combining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database with the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Subsequently, we extracted a list of differentially expressed genes associated with the immune microenvironment. Multichip mRNA microarray data sets for PRCC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to further validate our findings. We found that the immune scores and stromal scores were associated with overall survival in patients with type 2 PRCC rather than type 1 PRCC. Tumor-infiltrating M1 and M2 macrophages could predict the clinical outcome by reflecting the host's immune capacity against type 2 PRCC. Furthermore, CCL19/CCR7, CXCL12/CXCR4, and CCL20/CCR6 were shown to be potential new targets for tumor gene therapy in type 2 PRCC. Our findings provide valuable resources for improving immunotherapy for PRCC.
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Wang S, Ma F, Feng Y, Liu T, He S. Role of exosomal miR‑21 in the tumor microenvironment and osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and progression (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1055-1063. [PMID: 32319566 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor affecting both adolescents and children. Early detection is critical for the effective treatment of the disease. Derived from cancer cells, miR‑21 contained within exosomes in the tumor microenvironment may act on both cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In human serum and plasm, the level of exosomal miR‑21 between osteosarcoma patients and healthy controls differs, supporting the role of miR‑21 as a biomarker for osteosarcoma. The involvement of a number of miR‑21 target genes in tumor progression suggests that miR‑21 may significantly affect the plasticity of cancer cells, leading to tumor progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune escape in osteosarcoma. Understanding the biogenesis and functions of exosomal miR‑21 is of great value for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, including osteosarcoma. The present review discusses the role of miR‑21 in the tumor microenvironment, and in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, with an aim to summarize the functions of this miRNA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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Lähnemann D, Köster J, Szczurek E, McCarthy DJ, Hicks SC, Robinson MD, Vallejos CA, Campbell KR, Beerenwinkel N, Mahfouz A, Pinello L, Skums P, Stamatakis A, Attolini CSO, Aparicio S, Baaijens J, Balvert M, Barbanson BD, Cappuccio A, Corleone G, Dutilh BE, Florescu M, Guryev V, Holmer R, Jahn K, Lobo TJ, Keizer EM, Khatri I, Kielbasa SM, Korbel JO, Kozlov AM, Kuo TH, Lelieveldt BP, Mandoiu II, Marioni JC, Marschall T, Mölder F, Niknejad A, Rączkowska A, Reinders M, Ridder JD, Saliba AE, Somarakis A, Stegle O, Theis FJ, Yang H, Zelikovsky A, McHardy AC, Raphael BJ, Shah SP, Schönhuth A. Eleven grand challenges in single-cell data science. Genome Biol 2020; 21:31. [PMID: 32033589 PMCID: PMC7007675 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-1926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent boom in microfluidics and combinatorial indexing strategies, combined with low sequencing costs, has empowered single-cell sequencing technology. Thousands-or even millions-of cells analyzed in a single experiment amount to a data revolution in single-cell biology and pose unique data science problems. Here, we outline eleven challenges that will be central to bringing this emerging field of single-cell data science forward. For each challenge, we highlight motivating research questions, review prior work, and formulate open problems. This compendium is for established researchers, newcomers, and students alike, highlighting interesting and rewarding problems for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lähnemann
- Algorithms for Reproducible Bioinformatics, Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Computational Biology of Infection Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Köster
- Algorithms for Reproducible Bioinformatics, Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ewa Szczurek
- Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Davis J. McCarthy
- Bioinformatics and Cellular Genomics, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of BioSciences–School of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mark D. Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Catalina A. Vallejos
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, UK
| | - Kieran R. Campbell
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- Data Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Pinello
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Pavel Skums
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Alexandros Stamatakis
- Computational Molecular Evolution Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jasmijn Baaijens
- Life Sciences and Health, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Balvert
- Life Sciences and Health, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Buys de Barbanson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Quantitative biology, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Cappuccio
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Corleone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, The Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Florescu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Quantitative biology, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Holmer
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Jahn
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thamar Jessurun Lobo
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma M. Keizer
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Indu Khatri
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Szymon M. Kielbasa
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan O. Korbel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexey M. Kozlov
- Computational Molecular Evolution Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tzu-Hao Kuo
- Computational Biology of Infection Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boudewijn P.F. Lelieveldt
- PRB lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ion I. Mandoiu
- Computer Science & Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - John C. Marioni
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tobias Marschall
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Felix Mölder
- Algorithms for Reproducible Bioinformatics, Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amir Niknejad
- Computation molecular design, Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Mathematics Department, Mount Saint Vincent, New York, USA
| | - Alicja Rączkowska
- Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marcel Reinders
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Ridder
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonios Somarakis
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center–DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Huan Yang
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research–LACDR–Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Zelikovsky
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
- The Laboratory of Bioinformatics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alice C. McHardy
- Computational Biology of Infection Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Sohrab P. Shah
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Schönhuth
- Life Sciences and Health, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Dong Y, Zheng Q, Wang Z, Lin X, You Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Hu C, Xie X, Chen J, Gao D, Zhao Y, Wu W, Liu Y, Ren Z, Chen R, Cui J. Higher matrix stiffness as an independent initiator triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition and facilitates HCC metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:112. [PMID: 31703598 PMCID: PMC6839087 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased liver stiffness exerts a detrimental role in driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) malignancy and progression, and indicates a high risk of unfavorable outcomes. However, it remains largely unknown how liver matrix stiffness as an independent cue triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and facilitates HCC metastasis. Methods Buffalo rat HCC models with different liver stiffness backgrounds and an in vitro Col I-coated cell culture system with tunable stiffness were used in the study to explore the effects of matrix stiffness on EMT occurrence and its underlying molecular mechanism. Clinical significance of liver stiffness and key molecules required for stiffness-induced EMT were validated in HCC cohorts with different liver stiffness. Results HCC xenografts grown in higher stiffness liver exhibited worse malignant phenotypes and higher lung metastasis rate, suggesting that higher liver stiffness promotes HCC invasion and metastasis. Cell tests in vitro showed that higher matrix stiffness was able to strikingly strengthen malignant phenotypes and independently induce EMT occurrence in HCC cells, and three signaling pathways converging on Snail expression participated in stiffness-mediated effect on EMT including integrin-mediated S100A11 membrane translocation, eIF4E phosphorylation, and TGF β1 autocrine. Additionally, the key molecules required for stiffness-induced EMT were highly expressed in tumor tissues of HCC patients with higher liver stiffness and correlated with poor tumor differentiation and higher recurrence. Conclusions Higher matrix stiffness as an initiator triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells independently, and three signaling pathways converging on Snail expression contribute to this pathological process. This work highlights a significant role of biomechanical signal in triggering EMT and facilitating HCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongdan Zheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiahui Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang You
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Mitra S, Tiwari K, Podicheti R, Pandhiri T, Rusch DB, Bonetto A, Zhang C, Mitra AK. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Matrisome Alteration as a Key Feature of Ovarian Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101513. [PMID: 31600962 PMCID: PMC6826756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. There is a lack of comprehensive investigation of disease initiation and progression, including gene expression changes during early metastatic colonization. METHODS RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was done with matched primary tumors and fallopian tubes (n = 8 pairs) as well as matched metastatic and primary tumors (n = 11 pairs) from ovarian cancer patients. Since these are end point analyses, it was combined with RNA-seq using high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells seeded on an organotypic three-dimensional (3D) culture model of the omentum, mimicking early metastasis. This comprehensive approach revealed key changes in gene expression occurring in ovarian cancer initiation and metastasis, including early metastatic colonization. RESULTS 2987 genes were significantly deregulated in primary tumors compared to fallopian tubes, 845 genes were differentially expressed in metastasis compared to primary tumors and 304 genes were common to both. An assessment of patient metastasis and 3D omental culture model of early metastatic colonization revealed 144 common genes that were altered during early colonization and remain deregulated even in the fully developed metastasis. Deregulation of the matrisome was a key process in early and late metastasis. CONCLUSION These findings will help in understanding the key pathways involved in ovarian cancer progression and eventually targeting those pathways for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumegha Mitra
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kartikeya Tiwari
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Ram Podicheti
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Taruni Pandhiri
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Douglas B Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Anirban K Mitra
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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14
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Exploring the extracellular matrix in health and disease using proteomics. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:417-432. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of hundreds of proteins that constitutes the scaffold of multicellular organisms. In addition to providing architectural and mechanical support to the surrounding cells, it conveys biochemical signals that regulate cellular processes including proliferation and survival, fate determination, and cell migration. Defects in ECM protein assembly, decreased ECM protein production or, on the contrary, excessive ECM accumulation, have been linked to many pathologies including cardiovascular and skeletal diseases, cancers, and fibrosis. The ECM thus represents a potential reservoir of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, our understanding of the global protein composition of the ECM and how it changes during pathological processes has remained limited until recently.
In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the latest methodological advances in sample preparation and mass spectrometry-based proteomics that have permitted the profiling of the ECM of now dozens of normal and diseased tissues, including tumors and fibrotic lesions.
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15
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Fang S, Dai Y, Mei Y, Yang M, Hu L, Yang H, Guan X, Li J. Clinical significance and biological role of cancer-derived Type I collagen in lung and esophageal cancers. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:277-288. [PMID: 30604926 PMCID: PMC6360244 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix (ECM) is remodeled during carcinogenesis. An abundant constituent of ECM is collagen. Type I collagen is secreted by fibroblasts, is important for tumor growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and may also be secreted by cancer cells. However, the role and function of cancer-derived Type I collagen in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry and Western blot to detect Type I collagen expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, respectively. We assessed the migration and adhesion capability of these cells in vivo by inhibiting Type I collagen in tumors. Relevant data were extracted from a large cohort study of The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze messenger RNA levels. Protein expression of Type I collagen was further determined in tumor tissues of patients using tissue microarray. RESULTS Cancer cell lines secreted Type I collagen. The molecular weight of cancer-derived Type I collagen was different from that secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts. Expression levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 (subtypes of Type I collagen) messenger RNA in NSCLC and ESCC tumors were higher than in normal tissues, but were not associated with tumor node metastasis stages. Low expression of Type I collagen was significantly associated with poor overall survival and cancer cell differentiation. CONCLUSION NSCLC and ESCC cells could produce Type I collagen endogenously, revealing the potential functions of Type I collagen in cancer development. Cancer-derived Type I collagen was associated with overall survival and cancer cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yongdong Dai
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xininyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Caron JM, Han X, Contois L, Vary CPH, Brooks PC. The HU177 Collagen Epitope Controls Melanoma Cell Migration and Experimental Metastasis by a CDK5/YAP-Dependent Mechanism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2356-2368. [PMID: 30118657 PMCID: PMC6180252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stromal components not only help form the structure of neoplasms such as melanomas, but they also functionally contribute to their malignant phenotype. Thus, uncovering signaling pathways that integrate the behavior of both tumor and stromal cells may provide unique opportunities for the development of more effective strategies to control tumor progression. In this regard, extracellular matrix-mediated signaling plays a role in coordinating the behavior of both tumor and stromal cells. Here, evidence is provided that targeting a cryptic region of the extracellular matrix protein collagen (HU177 epitope) inhibits melanoma tumor growth and metastasis and reduces angiogenesis and the accumulation of α-SMA-expressing stromal cell in these tumors. The current study suggests that the ability of the HU177 epitope to control melanoma cell migration and metastasis depends on the transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP). Melanoma cell interactions with the HU177 epitope promoted nuclear accumulation of YAP by a cyclin-dependent kinase-5-associated mechanism. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which the anti-HU177 antibody inhibits metastasis, and uncovers an unknown signaling pathway by which the HU177 epitope selectively reprograms melanoma cells by regulating nuclear localization of YAP. This study helps to define a potential new therapeutic strategy to control melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that might be used alone or in combination with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Caron
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - XiangHua Han
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Liangru Contois
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.
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17
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Kolenda T, Przybyła W, Kapałczyńska M, Teresiak A, Zajączkowska M, Bliźniak R, Lamperska KM. Tumor microenvironment - Unknown niche with powerful therapeutic potential. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018; 23:143-153. [PMID: 29760589 PMCID: PMC5948324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are in a group of cancers that are the most resistant to treatment. The survival rate of HNSCC patients has been still very low since last 20 years. The existence of relationship between oncogenic and surrounding cells is probably the reason for a poor response to treatment. Fibroblasts are an important element of tumor stroma which increases tumor cells ability to proliferate. Another highly resistance, tumorigenic and metastatic cell population in tumor microenvironment are cancer initiating cells (CICs). The population of cancer initiating cells can be found regardless of differentiation status of cancer and they seem to be crucial for HNSCC development. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge about HNSCC biological and physiological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Przybyła
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Research, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Kapałczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Zajączkowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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18
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Patel H, Nilendu P, Jahagirdar D, Pal JK, Sharma NK. Modulating secreted components of tumor microenvironment: A masterstroke in tumor therapeutics. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:3-12. [PMID: 29219656 PMCID: PMC5790373 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1394538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment in which cancer resides plays an important role in regulating cancer survival, progression, malignancy and drug resistance. Tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of heterogeneous number and types of cellular and non-cellular components that vary in relation to tumor phenotype and genotype. In recent, non-cellular secreted components of microenvironmental heterogeneity have been suggested to contain various growth factors, cytokines, RNA, DNA, metabolites, structural matrix and matricellular proteins. These non-cellular components have been indicated to orchestrate numerous ways to support cancer survival and progression by providing metabolites, energy, growth signals, evading immune surveillance, drug resistance environment, metastatic and angiogenesis cues. Thus, switching action from pro-cancer to anti-cancer activities of these secreted components of TME has been considered as a new avenue in cancer therapeutics and drug resistance. In this report, we summarize the recent pre-clinical and clinical evidences to emphasize the importance of non-cellular components of TME in achieving precision therapeutics and biomarker study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Patel
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pritish Nilendu
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devashree Jahagirdar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayanta K. Pal
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Caron JM, Ames JJ, Contois L, Liebes L, Friesel R, Muggia F, Vary CPH, Oxburgh L, Brooks PC. Inhibition of Ovarian Tumor Growth by Targeting the HU177 Cryptic Collagen Epitope. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 186:1649-61. [PMID: 27216148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that stromal cells play critical roles in tumor growth. Uncovering new mechanisms that control stromal cell behavior and their accumulation within tumors may lead to development of more effective treatments. We provide evidence that the HU177 cryptic collagen epitope is selectively generated within human ovarian carcinomas and this collagen epitope plays a role in SKOV-3 ovarian tumor growth in vivo. The ability of the HU177 epitope to regulate SKOV-3 tumor growth depends in part on its ability to modulate stromal cell behavior because targeting this epitope inhibited angiogenesis and, surprisingly, the accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin-expressing stromal cells. Integrin α10β1 can serve as a receptor for the HU177 epitope in α-smooth muscle actin-expressing stromal cells and subsequently regulates Erk-dependent migration. These findings are consistent with a mechanism by which the generation of the HU177 collagen epitope provides a previously unrecognized α10β1 ligand that selectively governs angiogenesis and the accumulation of stromal cells, which in turn secrete protumorigenic factors that contribute to ovarian tumor growth. Our findings provide a new mechanistic understanding into the roles by which the HU177 epitope regulates ovarian tumor growth and provide new insight into the clinical results from a phase 1 human clinical study of the monoclonal antibody D93/TRC093 in patients with advanced malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Caron
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Jacquelyn J Ames
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Liangru Contois
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Leonard Liebes
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Robert Friesel
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Franco Muggia
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York, New York
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine.
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20
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, heterogeneous, and dominant component of solid tumors. Cancer imaging strategies of a subset of characteristics of the TME are under active development, and currently used modalities and novel approaches are summarized in this article. Understanding the dynamic and evolving functions of the TME is critical to accurately inform imaging and clinical care of cancer. Novel insights into distinct roles of the TME in cancer progression urge careful interpretation of imaging data and impel the development of novel modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Guo Z, Zhang T, Fang K, Dou J, Zhou N, Ma X, Gu N. The effects of macroporosity and stiffness of poly[(methyl vinyl ether)-alt-(maleic acid)] cross-linked egg white simulations of an aged extracellular matrix on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of macroporosity and stiffness of P(MVE-alt-MA) cross-linked EW simulations of an aged ECM on the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Tianzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Kun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Jun Dou
- Medical School
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Naizhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Xiaoe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
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Zheng QD, You Y, Cui JF. Extracellular matrix stiffness: An important regulatory factor in tumor invasion and metastasis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4778-4784. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i30.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that biochemical factors of tumor microenvironment like stromal cells, immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines contribute to the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the roles of physical factors, especially matrix rigidity or elasticity resulting from abundant matrix protein deposition and cross-linking, remain largely unexplored. Lately, with the establishment of a series of cell culturing platforms mirroring matrix stiffness, a giant leap has been witnessed in the research into mechanisms of matrix stiffness-mediated effects on tumor invasion and metastasis. This article reviews the impact of matrix stiffness on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), motility, integrin, invasion and metastasis genes, and stemness in tumors, to illustrate that matrix stiffness is also an important factor in the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Mlyniec A, Tomaszewski K, Spiesz E, Uhl T. Molecular-based nonlinear viscoelastic chemomechanical model incorporating thermal denaturation kinetics of collagen fibrous biomaterials. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Kawano Y, Moschetta M, Manier S, Glavey S, Görgün GT, Roccaro AM, Anderson KC, Ghobrial IM. Targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma. Immunol Rev 2015; 263:160-72. [PMID: 25510276 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Despite the significant advances in treatment, MM is still a fatal malignancy. This is mainly due to the supportive role of the BM microenvironment in differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and drug resistance of the malignant plasma cells. The BM microenvironment is composed of a cellular compartment (stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells) and a non-cellular compartment. In this review, we discuss the interaction between the malignant plasma cell and the BM microenvironment and the strategy to target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Lee IJ, Lee EJ, Park H, Kim W, Ha SJ, Shin YK, Seong J. Altered Biological Potential and Radioresponse of Murine Tumors in Different Microenvironments. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:727-37. [PMID: 26323643 PMCID: PMC4843754 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to evaluate the biological features of murine hepatocarcinoma according to different tumor microenvironmental models and to determine the change in molecular and immunologic responses after radiation. Materials and Methods Tumor models were established in the liver (orthotopic) and thigh (heterotopic) of male C3H/HeN mice. Tumor growth and lung metastasis were assessed in these models. To evaluate the radiation effect, the tumors were irradiated with 10 Gy. Factors associated with tumor microenvironment including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), CD31, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated. Tumor-infiltrating regulatory immune cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were also analyzed. Results A higher number of lung metastases were observed in the orthotopic tumor model than in the heterotopic tumor model. VEGF, CD31, COX-2, and TGF-β1 expression was more prominent in the orthotopic tumor model than in the heterotopic tumor model. Expression of the angiogenic factor VEGF and key regulatory molecules (TGF-β1 and COX-2) decreased following radiation in the orthotopic tumor model, while the serum IL-6 level increased after radiation. In the orthotopic tumor model, the number of both Tregs and MDSCs in the tumor burden decreased after radiation. Conclusion The orthotopic tumor model showed higher metastatic potential and more aggressive molecular features than the heterotopic tumor model. These findings suggest that the orthotopic tumor mouse model may be more reflective of the tumor microenvironment and suitable for use in the translational research of radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Kim
- Department of Radiation Treatment Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Keun Shin
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei Institute for Cancer Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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DENG XINCHAO, ZHANG PING, LIANG TINGTING, DENG SUYE, CHEN XIAOJIE, ZHU LIN. Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:449-54. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ryu YK, Lee MH, Lee J, Lee JW, Jang SJ, Kang JH, Moon EY. γ-Irradiated cancer cells promote tumor growth by activation of Toll-like receptor 1-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:711-721. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0114-055r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
RT is commonly used to treat malignant tumors. However, tumor regrowth is a major limitation to RT as an antitumor treatment. In the present study, we investigated the tumor-promoting effects of high-dose (or ablative) RT treatments on tumor-bearing mice. We focused on the role of macrophages that interact with IR-CCs in the TME, which cause tumor regrowth. We observed that CT26(H-2d) tumor growth was enhanced by i.v. injection of IR-CT26 cells compared with NR control CT26 cells. The levels of iNOS gene expression and NO production from RAW264.7 macrophages (H-2d) in response to the interaction with IR-CT26 cells were higher than with NR-CT26 cells. When CT26 tumor-bearing mice were treated i.v. with L-NMMA, a NOS inhibitor, the reduction in in vivo tumor growth was higher in the IR-CT26-injected group compared with the NR-CT26-injected control group. In vivo CT26 tumor growth was decreased after transplanting PEM extracted from L-NMMA-treated, tumor-bearing mice. Although iNOS activity was reduced by inhibiting TLR1 expression with TLR1-siRNA, it was enhanced by TLR1 overexpression. Transcriptional activation and protein expression levels of iNOS were also decreased in the presence of TLR1-siRNA but increased as a result of TLR1 overexpression. These results demonstrate that postradiotherapeutic tumor regrowth may be caused by interaction of IR-CCs with macrophages that induce TLR1-mediated iNOS expression and NO production. Our data suggest that iNOS in macrophages could be a useful target to regulate postradiotherapeutic responses in hosts and subsequently limit tumor regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kyoung Ryu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Kang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University , Seoul , Korea
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Emerging roles of focal adhesion kinase in cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:690690. [PMID: 25918719 PMCID: PMC4396139 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that enables activation by growth factor receptors or integrins in various types of human cancers. The kinase-dependent and kinase-independent scaffolding functions of FAK modulate the authentic signaling and fundamental functions not only in cancer cells but also in tumor microenvironment to facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. The overexpression and activation of FAK are usually investigated in primary or metastatic cancers and correlated with the poor clinical outcome, highlighting FAK as a potential prognostic marker and anticancer target. Small molecule inhibitors targeting FAK kinase activity or FAK-scaffolding functions impair cancer development in preclinical or clinical trials. In this review, we give an overview for FAK signaling in cancer cells as well as tumor microenvironment that provides new strategies for the invention of cancer development and malignancy.
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29
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Kerppers II, de Lima CJ, Fernandes AB, Villaverde AB. Effect of light-emitting diode (ʎ 627 nm and 945 nm ʎ) treatment on first intention healing: immunohistochemical analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:397-401. [PMID: 25367711 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen I is not only responsible for maintaining the integrity of most tissues due to its mechanical properties, but also for its active participation in the functionality of tissues because of its interaction with cells present in the extracellular matrix. The synthesis of collagen begins with tissue injury and remains until the end of the healing process. The use of non-coherent light for healing processes is still understudied. This procedure stands out as a biostimulation method for tissue repair, which increases local circulation, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis. This study sought to quantify collagen I in the healing process after the treatment of wounds with the light-emitting diode (LED) treatment. The histologic analysis with tissue samples stained with picrosirius red showed a statistical difference between the positive controls, LED 627 and LED 945 nm groups; the group treated with LED 627 nm showed a predominance of mature collagen. The immunohistochemical analysis showed a statistically significant high concentration of collagen I in the LED 945 nm group. The irradiation of wounds with the higher wavelength (945 nm) used in the study produced the best activity of collagen I formation in experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Ilvan Kerppers
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste-UNICENTRO Rua Vicente Machado, 3459, CEP: 85035-180, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil,
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Naba A, Clauser KR, Whittaker CA, Carr SA, Tanabe KK, Hynes RO. Extracellular matrix signatures of human primary metastatic colon cancers and their metastases to liver. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:518. [PMID: 25037231 PMCID: PMC4223627 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Despite the fact that tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms controlling colorectal carcinogenesis have been identified, novel prognostic and diagnostic tools as well as novel therapeutic strategies are still needed to monitor and target colon cancer progression. We and others have previously shown, using mouse models, that the extracellular matrix (ECM), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, is an important contributor to tumor progression. In order to identify candidate biomarkers, we sought to define ECM signatures of metastatic colorectal cancers and their metastases to the liver. METHODS We have used enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) from human patient samples and proteomics to define the ECM composition of primary colon carcinomas and their metastases to liver in comparison with normal colon and liver samples. RESULTS We show that robust signatures of ECM proteins characteristic of each tissue, normal and malignant, can be defined using relatively small samples from small numbers of patients. Comparisons with gene expression data from larger cohorts of patients confirm the association of subsets of the proteins identified by proteomic analysis with tumor progression and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The ECM protein signatures of metastatic primary colon carcinomas and metastases to liver defined in this study, offer promise for development of diagnostic and prognostic signatures of metastatic potential of colon tumors. The ECM proteins defined here represent candidate serological or tissue biomarkers and potential targets for imaging of occult metastases and residual or recurrent tumors and conceivably for therapies. Furthermore, the methods described here can be applied to other tumor types and can be used to investigate other questions such as the role of ECM in resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Naba
- David H, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Abstract
Of the deaths attributed to cancer, 90% are due to metastasis, and treatments that prevent or cure metastasis remain elusive. Emerging data indicate that hypoxia and the extracellular matrix (ECM) might have crucial roles in metastasis. During tumour evolution, changes in the composition and the overall content of the ECM reflect both its biophysical and biological properties and these strongly influence tumour and stromal cell properties, such as proliferation and motility. Originally thought of as independent contributors to metastatic spread, recent studies have established a direct link between hypoxia and the composition and the organization of the ECM, which suggests a new model in which multiple microenvironmental signals might converge to synergistically influence metastatic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele M Gilkes
- 1] Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. [2] Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- 1] Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. [2] Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. [3] Departments of Pediatrics, Oncology, Medicine, Radiation Oncology and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- 1] Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. [2] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. [3] Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Inflammatory and microenvironmental factors involved in breast cancer progression. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1419-31. [PMID: 24222504 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary reason for the high mortality rate of breast cancer is metastasis, which can result in a poor survival rate. The tumor environment is important for promotion and invasion of cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is associated with breast cancer. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of the inflammatory and microenvironment in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The present review summarizes some of the markers for inflammation and breast cancer invasion, which may aid in the design of an appropriate therapy for metastatic breast cancer. The following four inflammatory markers are discussed in this review: (1) Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs); (2) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); (3) Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P); (4) C-reactive protein (CRP). TAMs are commonly found in breast cancer patients, and high infiltration is positively correlated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. MMPs are well-known for their roles in the degradation of ECM components when cancer cells invade and migrate. MMPs are also associated with inflammation through recruitment of a variety of stromal cells such as fibroblasts and leukocytes. S1P is an inflammatory lipid and is involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration. Recent studies indicate that S1P participates in breast cancer invasion in various ways. CRP is used clinically to indicate the outcome of cancer patients as well as acute inflammatory status. This review summarizes the current understanding on the role of S1P in CRP expression which promotes the breast epithelial cell invasion, suggesting a specific mechanism linking inflammation and breast cancer. The present review might be useful for understanding the relationship between inflammation and breast cancer for the development of pharmacological interventions that may control the primary molecules involved in the breast cancer microenvironment.
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Chen KC, Chen CY, Lin CR, Lin CJ, Yang TY, Chen TH, Wu LC, Wu CC. Luteolin attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung cancer cells by interfering in the PI3K/Akt-NF-κB-Snail pathway. Life Sci 2013; 93:924-33. [PMID: 24140887 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Luteolin is a natural flavonoid that possesses a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer abilities. Whether luteolin regulates the transformation ability of lung cancer cells remains unclear. The current study aims to uncover the effects and underlying mechanisms of luteolin in regulation of and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung cancer cells. MAIN METHODS The lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were used in this experiment; the cells were pretreated with luteolin followed by administration with TGF-β1. The expression levels of various cadherin and related upstream regulatory modules were examined. KEY FINDINGS Pretreatment of luteolin prevented the morphological change and downregulation of E-cadherin of A549 cells induced by TGF-β1. In addition, the activation of PI3K-Akt-IκBa-NF-κB-Snail pathway which leads to the decline of E-cadherin induced by TGF-β1 was also attenuated under the pretreatment of luteolin. SIGNIFICANCE We provide the mechanisms about how luteolin attenuated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 lung cancer cells induced by TGF-β1. This finding will strengthen the anti-cancer effects of flavonoid compounds via the regulation of migration/invasion and EMT ability of various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chieh Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Tiganescu A, Tahrani AA, Morgan SA, Otranto M, Desmoulière A, Abrahams L, Hassan-Smith Z, Walker EA, Rabbitt EH, Cooper MS, Amrein K, Lavery GG, Stewart PM. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase blockade prevents age-induced skin structure and function defects. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3051-60. [PMID: 23722901 DOI: 10.1172/jci64162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) excess adversely affects skin integrity, inducing thinning and impaired wound healing. Aged skin, particularly that which has been photo-exposed, shares a similar phenotype. Previously, we demonstrated age-induced expression of the GC-activating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Here, we determined 11β-HSD1 levels in human skin biopsies from young and older volunteers and examined the aged 11β-HSD1 KO mouse skin phenotype. 11β-HSD1 activity was elevated in aged human and mouse skin and in PE compared with donor-matched photo-protected human biopsies. Age-induced dermal atrophy with deranged collagen structural organization was prevented in 11β-HSD1 KO mice, which also exhibited increased collagen density. We found that treatment of HDFs with physiological concentrations of cortisol inhibited rate-limiting steps in collagen biosynthesis and processing. Furthermore, topical 11β-HSD1 inhibitor treatment accelerated healing of full-thickness mouse dorsal wounds, with improved healing also observed in aged 11β-HSD1 KO mice. These findings suggest that elevated 11β-HSD1 activity in aging skin leads to increased local GC generation, which may account for adverse changes occurring in the elderly, and 11β-HSD1 inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of age-associated impairments in dermal integrity and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tiganescu
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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35
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Insight into the degradation of type-I collagen fibrils by MMP-8. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:1815-25. [PMID: 23399546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have shed light on the mechanism of collagen degradation in solution, the precise mechanism of collagenolysis in the native fibrillar state remains unclear. To gain insight into the mechanism of fibrillar degradation, we calculated the conformational free-energy landscape for unfolding regions of the α2 chain of type-I collagen within the context of the microfibril. Our data suggest that, relatively, imino-rich sequences maintain the canonical triple-helical structure at body temperature. By contrast, the unique MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) cleavage site adopts conformations where the α2 chain is dissociated from the rest of the fibril--behavior that is similar to what was observed in unfolding simulations of isolated collagen-like model peptides in solution. However, the dissociated cleavage site does not fit within the catalytic site of MMP-8, a representative fibrillar collagenase. Additional free-energy simulations suggest that the presence of the catalytic domain leads to a reorientation of the α2 chain such that it adopts a pose that is complementary to the enzyme's active site. These observations argue that, in the fibrillar state, there is a synergy between the normal thermal fluctuations of the substrate when the enzyme is absent and the fluctuations of the substrate when the enzyme is present. More precisely, our findings suggest that thermal fluctuations serve as the driving force for a degradative process that requires both an unfolded cleavage site and the presence of the enzyme.
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Targeting collagen strands by photo-triggered triple-helix hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:14767-72. [PMID: 22927373 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209721109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen remodeling is an integral part of tissue development, maintenance, and regeneration, but excessive remodeling is associated with various pathologic conditions. The ability to target collagens undergoing remodeling could lead to new diagnostics and therapeutics as well as applications in regenerative medicine; however, such collagens are often degraded and denatured, making them difficult to target with conventional approaches. Here, we present caged collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) that can be photo-triggered to fold into triple helix and bind to collagens denatured by heat or by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) digestion. Peptide-binding assays indicate that the binding is primarily driven by stereo-selective triple-helical hybridization between monomeric CMPs of high triple-helical propensity and denatured collagen strands. Photo-triggered hybridization allows specific staining of collagen chains in protein gels as well as photo-patterning of collagen and gelatin substrates. In vivo experiments demonstrate that systemically delivered CMPs can bind to collagens in bones, as well as prominently in articular cartilages and tumors characterized by high MMP activity. We further show that CMP-based probes can detect abnormal bone growth activity in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. This is an entirely new way to target the microenvironment of abnormal tissues and could lead to new opportunities for management of numerous pathologic conditions associated with collagen remodeling and high MMP activity.
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Bao B, Thakur A, Li Y, Ahmad A, Azmi AS, Banerjee S, Kong D, Ali S, Lum LG, Sarkar FH. The immunological contribution of NF-κB within the tumor microenvironment: a potential protective role of zinc as an anti-tumor agent. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1825:160-72. [PMID: 22155217 PMCID: PMC3811120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over decades, cancer treatment has been mainly focused on targeting cancer cells and not much attention to host tumor microenvironment. Recent advances suggest that the tumor microenvironment requires in-depth investigation for understanding the interactions between tumor cell biology and immunobiology in order to optimize therapeutic approaches. Tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and tumor associated reactive fibroblasts, infiltrating non-cancer cells, secreted soluble factors or molecules, and non-cellular support materials. Tumor associated host immune cells such as Th(1), Th(2), Th17, regulatory cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are major components of the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence suggests that these tumor associated immune cells may play important roles in cancer development and progression. However, the exact functions of these cells in the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. In the tumor microenvironment, NF-κB plays an important role in cancer development and progression because this is a major transcription factor which regulates immune functions within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will focus our discussion on the immunological contribution of NF-κB in tumor associated host immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss the potential protective role of zinc, a well-known immune response mediator, in the regulation of these immune cells and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment especially because zinc could be useful for conditioning the tumor microenvironment toward innovative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Archana Thakur
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sanjeev Banerjee
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lawrence G. Lum
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fazlul H. Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Naba A, Clauser KR, Hoersch S, Liu H, Carr SA, Hynes RO. The matrisome: in silico definition and in vivo characterization by proteomics of normal and tumor extracellular matrices. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.014647. [PMID: 22159717 PMCID: PMC3322572 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex meshwork of cross-linked proteins providing both biophysical and biochemical cues that are important regulators of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration. We present here a proteomic strategy developed to characterize the in vivo ECM composition of normal tissues and tumors using enrichment of protein extracts for ECM components and subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry. In parallel, we have developed a bioinformatic approach to predict the in silico "matrisome" defined as the ensemble of ECM proteins and associated factors. We report the characterization of the extracellular matrices of murine lung and colon, each comprising more than 100 ECM proteins and each presenting a characteristic signature. Moreover, using human tumor xenografts in mice, we show that both tumor cells and stromal cells contribute to the production of the tumor matrix and that tumors of differing metastatic potential differ in both the tumor- and the stroma-derived ECM components. The strategy we describe and illustrate here can be broadly applied and, to facilitate application of these methods by others, we provide resources including laboratory protocols, inventories of ECM domains and proteins, and instructions for bioinformatically deriving the human and mouse matrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Naba
- From the ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Karl R. Clauser
- §Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Sebastian Hoersch
- ¶Swanson Biotechnology Center, Bioinformatics and Computing Facility, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- ‖Bioinformatics Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hui Liu
- From the ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven A. Carr
- §Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Richard O. Hynes
- From the ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Cage TA, Louie JD, Liu SR, Alvarez-Buylla A, Gupta N, Hyer J. Distinct patterns of human medulloblastoma dissemination in the developing chick embryo nervous system. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:371-80. [PMID: 22322278 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in children. Aggressive tumors that disseminate along the leptomeninges carry extremely poor prognoses. Mechanisms that predict dissemination are poorly understood. Our objective was to develop a reliable and reproducible model to study MB dissemination. We have created a chicken-human xenograft to study features of MB with leptomeningeal dissemination. Human MB cell lines (D283, Daoy), primary human MB cells (SF8113), and primary genetic mouse model (Math1cre:SmoM2 flox/flox) MB cells were either transfected to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) or were labeled with a membrane permeable green fluorescent probe. Cells were then injected as aggregates or implanted as pellets into the developing chicken brain immediately after neural tube closure at embryonic day 2 (E2). Most embryos were harvested three days after implantation (E5) though some were harvested up to E15. The developing brain was analyzed via whole mount fluorescent imaging and tissue section immunohistochemistry. Human and mouse MBs survived in the developing chicken central nervous system (CNS). They exhibited distinct patterns of incorporation and dissemination into the CNS that were consistent with observed phenotypes of the corresponding human patient or mouse host. Specifically, metastatic D283 cells disseminated along the leptomeninges whereas Daoy, primary mouse MB, and primary human MB cells did not. This work supports an avian-human xenograft as a successful model to study patterns of MB dissemination. Our model provides a basis for manipulating cell signaling mechanisms to understand critical targets involved in MB dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tene A Cage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
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40
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Sakai K, Kurokawa T, Furui Y, Kuronuma Y, Sekiguchi M, Ando J, Inagaki Y, Tang W, Nakata M, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y. Invasion of carcinoma cells into reconstituted type I collagen gels: visual real-time analysis by time-lapse microscopy. Biosci Trends 2011; 5:10-6. [PMID: 21422595 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2011.v5.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stromal-epithelial interactions play a critical role in promoting tumorigenesis and invasion. To obtain detailed information on cancer cell behaviors on the stroma and kinetics of cell migration, which cannot be observed by conventionally-used Boyden chamber assays, this study was aimed at analyzing the cell invasion process in vitro using time-lapse microscopic observation. Serum-free conditions and reconstituted type I collagen gels which provided a basal membrane-stroma-like microenvironment were used to first establish a basal condition. Time-lapse microscopic observation for 30 h of cell invasion into the collagen gel revealed kinetic parameters and individualistic behavior of cancer cells. Of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 cells and colon cancer LS180 or HT29 cells examined, MDA-MB-231 cells most rapidly disappeared from the collagen gel surface under basal conditions. Estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells disappeared at a rate approximately two times slower than that of MDA-MB-231 cells under serum- and phenol red-free conditions. By the addition of 10 nM β-estradiol to the basal medium, MCF-7 cell invasion was facilitated to a rate similar to that of MDA-MB-231 cells. Microscopic analyses of collagen gel-sections demonstrated that most of the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells remained within 60 μm from the gel top under basal conditions, which is consistent with the observation obtained using Boyden chambers that no cells could cross the collagen I gel barrier unless 1% fetal calf serum was added to basal conditions. In summary, this study demonstrated future applicability of this method to understand the initial phase of cancer cell invasion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakai
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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41
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Delikatny EJ, Chawla S, Leung DJ, Poptani H. MR-visible lipids and the tumor microenvironment. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:592-611. [PMID: 21538631 PMCID: PMC3640643 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MR-visible lipids or mobile lipids are defined as lipids that are observable using proton MRS in cells and tissues. These MR-visible lipids are composed of triglycerides and cholesterol esters that accumulate in neutral lipid droplets, where their MR visibility is conferred as a result of the increased molecular motion available in this unique physical environment. This review discusses the factors that lead to the biogenesis of MR-visible lipids in cancer cells and in other cell types, such as immune cells and fibroblasts. We focus on the accumulations of mobile lipids that are inducible in cultured cells by a number of stresses, including culture conditions, and in response to activating stimuli or apoptotic cell death induced by anticancer drugs. This is compared with animal tumor models, where increases in mobile lipids are observed in response to chemo- and radiotherapy, and to human tumors, where mobile lipids are observed predominantly in high-grade brain tumors and in regions of necrosis. Conducive conditions for mobile lipid formation in the tumor microenvironment are discussed, including low pH, oxygen availability and the presence of inflammatory cells. It is concluded that MR-visible lipids appear in cancer cells and human tumors as a stress response. Mobile lipids stored as neutral lipid droplets may play a role in the detoxification of the cell or act as an alternative energy source, especially in cancer cells, which often grow in ischemic/hypoxic environments. The role of MR-visible lipids in cancer diagnosis and the assessment of the treatment response in both animal models of cancer and human brain tumors is also discussed. Although technical limitations exist in the accurate detection of intratumoral mobile lipids, early increases in mobile lipids after therapeutic interventions may be useful as a potential biomarker for the assessment of treatment response in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E James Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Grippo PJ, Venkatasubramanian PN, Knop RH, Heiferman DM, Iordanescu G, Melstrom LG, Adrian K, Barron MR, Bentrem DJ, Wyrwicz AM. Visualization of mouse pancreas architecture using MR microscopy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:610-8. [PMID: 21683673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic diseases, which include diabetes, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, are often difficult to detect and/or stage, contributing to a reduced quality of life and lifespan for patients. Thus, there is need for a technology that can visualize tissue changes in the pancreas, improve understanding of disease progression, and facilitate earlier detection in the human population. Because of low spatial resolution, current clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low field strength has yet to fully visualize the exocrine, endocrine, vascular, and stromal components of the pancreas. We used high field strength magnetic resonance microscopy (μMRI) to image mouse pancreas ex vivo without contrast agents at high spatial resolution. We analyzed the resulting high-resolution images using volume rendering to resolve components in the pancreas, including acini, islets, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix. Locations and dimensions of pancreatic components as seen in three-dimensional μMRI were compared with histological images, and good correspondence was found. Future longitudinal studies could expand on the use of in vivo μMRI in mouse models of pancreatic diseases. Capturing three-dimensional structural changes through μMRI could help to identify early cellular and tissue changes associated with pancreatic disease, serving as a mode of improved detection in the clinic for endocrine and exocrine pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Grippo
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Oh JJ, Taschereau EO, Koegel AK, Ginther CL, Rotow JK, Isfahani KZ, Slamon DJ. RBM5/H37 tumor suppressor, located at the lung cancer hot spot 3p21.3, alters expression of genes involved in metastasis. Lung Cancer 2010; 70:253-62. [PMID: 20338664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The RBM5/H37 gene is located at the most 'sought-after' tumor suppressor locus in lung cancer, 3p21.3. This region of most frequent chromosomal deletion found at the earliest stage in lung cancer development houses 19 genes, many of which may act together as a 'tumor suppressor group', representing one of the most promising opportunities for development of new diagnostics/prognostics and therapeutics for lung cancer as well as for many other types of cancers. For the past decade, we have demonstrated tumor suppressor function of RBM5 in vitro and in vivo involving cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as loss of RBM5 mRNA and protein expression in primary lung tumors. Here we report our latest data suggesting that RBM5 may regulate inhibition of metastasis in lung cancer. We performed cDNA microarray to identify global gene expression changes caused by RBM5 gene knockdown. In order to identify "consensus" pathways consistently deregulated by RBM5 loss irrespective of genetic background, the experiments were repeated in three different lung cancer cell lines of varying RBM5 expression levels, a normal lung epithelial cell line, and a normal breast epithelial cell line. Both Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and individual gene analysis identified consistent, statistically significant gene expression changes common to all five cell pairs examined. Genes involved in the functions of cell adhesion, migration and motility, known to be important in the metastatic process, were upregulated with RBM5-knockdown. These genes include Rac1, β-catenin, collagen, laminin and the overall gene set of the gene ontology group "proteinaceous extracellular matrix". Among these, we have focused on Rac1 and β-catenin which play essential roles in cell movement downstream of Wnt signaling. We have confirmed increased protein expression of β-catenin and increased protein activation of Rac1 with RBM5-knockdown. In addition, we found that RBM5 protein expression loss in primary lung tumors is correlated with increased lymph node metastasis in a small number of lung cancer patients. These data are corroborated by an independent report showing RBM5 as part of a 17-gene signature of metastasis in primary solid tumors. Taken together, the accumulated evidence suggests that RBM5 expression loss may increase the metastatic potential of tumors. Further study is warranted to evaluate the potential clinical utility of RBM5 in lung cancer diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana J Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Rapoport N, Kennedy AM, Shea JE, Scaife CL, Nam KH. Ultrasonic nanotherapy of pancreatic cancer: lessons from ultrasound imaging. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:22-31. [PMID: 19899813 PMCID: PMC2815246 DOI: 10.1021/mp900128x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the United States, with a median survival time of only 3-6 months for forty percent of patients. Current treatments are ineffective, and new PDA therapies are urgently needed. In this context, ultrasound-mediated chemotherapy by polymeric micelles and/or nanoemulsion/microbubble encapsulated drugs may offer an innovative approach to PDA treatment. PDA xenografts were orthotopically grown in the pancreas tails of nu/nu mice by surgical insertion of red fluorescence protein (RFP)-transfected MiaPaCa-2 cells. Tumor growth was controlled by fluorescence imaging. Occasional sonographic measurements correlated well with the formal tumor tracking by red fluorescence. Tumor accumulation of paclitaxel-loaded nanoemulsion droplets and droplet-to-bubble transition under therapeutic ultrasound was monitored by diagnostic ultrasound imaging. MiaPaCa-2 tumors manifested resistance to treatment by gemcitabine (GEM). This drug is the gold standard for PDA therapy. The GEM-resistant tumors proved sensitive to paclitaxel. Among six experimental groups studied, the strongest therapeutic effect was exerted by the following drug formulation: GEM + nanodroplet-encapsulated paclitaxel (nbGEN) combined with tumor-directed 1-MHz ultrasound that was applied for 30 s four to five hours after the systemic drug injection. Ultrasound-mediated PDA therapy by either micellar or nanoemulsion encapsulated paclitaxel resulted in substantial suppression of metastases and ascites, suggesting ultrasound-enhanced killing of invasive cancerous cells. However, tumors relapsed after the completion of therapy, indicating survival of some tumor cells. The recurrent tumors manifested development of paclitaxel resistance. Ultrasound imaging suggested nonuniform distribution of nanodroplets in the tumor volume due to irregular vascularization, which may result in the development of zones with subtherapeutic drug concentration. This is implicated as a possible cause of the resistance development, which may be pertinent to various modes of tumor nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Rapoport
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, and Departments of Clinical Radiology and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Mueller J, Gaertner FC, Blechert B, Janssen KP, Essler M. Targeting of Tumor Blood Vessels: A Phage-Displayed Tumor-Homing Peptide Specifically Binds to Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Processed Collagen IV and Blocks Angiogenesis In vivo. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1078-85. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Klingbeil P, Marhaba R, Jung T, Kirmse R, Ludwig T, Zöller M. CD44 variant isoforms promote metastasis formation by a tumor cell-matrix cross-talk that supports adhesion and apoptosis resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:168-79. [PMID: 19208744 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD44 designates a large family of proteins with a considerable structural and functional diversity, which are generated from one gene by alternative splicing. As such, the overexpression of CD44 variant isoform (CD44v) has been causally related to the metastatic spread of cancer cells. To study the underlying mechanism, stable knockdown clones with deletion of exon v7 containing CD44 isoforms (CD44v(kd)) of the highly metastatic rat adenocarcinoma line BSp73ASML (ASML(wt)) were established. ASML-CD44v(kd) clones hardly form lung metastases after intrafootpad application and the metastatic load in lymph nodes is significantly reduced. Rescuing, albeit at a reduced level, CD44v expression in ASML-CD44v(kd) cells (ASML-CD44v(rsc)) restores the metastatic potential. The following major differences in ASML(wt), ASML-CD44v(kd), and ASML-CD44v(rsc) clones were observed: (a) ASML(wt) cells produce and assemble a matrix in a CD44v-dependent manner, which supports integrin-mediated adhesion and favors survival. This feature is lost in the ASML-CD44v(kd) cells. (b) CD44v cross-linking initiates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation in ASML(wt) cells. Accordingly, apoptosis resistance is strikingly reduced in ASML-CD44v(kd) cells. The capacity to generate an adhesive matrix but not apoptosis resistance is restored in ASML-CD44v(rsc) cells. These data argue for a 2-fold effect of CD44v on metastasis formation: CD44v-mediated matrix formation is crucial for the settlement and growth at a secondary site, whereas apoptosis resistance supports the efficacy of metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Klingbeil
- Department of Tumor Progression and Immune Defense, University Hospital of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Howell C, Diesner MO, Grunze M, Koelsch P. Probing the extracellular matrix with sum-frequency-generation spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:13819-13821. [PMID: 19053661 DOI: 10.1021/la8027463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fixed fibronectin-coated gold surfaces with and without adherent embryonic fibroblasts were probed via vibrational sum-frequency-generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The SFG spectra were compared to infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) data in the CH stretching region. Noticeable differences were observed in the IRRAS spectra of the samples, whereas SFG spectra of the same samples were largely similar. These results suggest that cells with their overall random distribution of CH groups do not contribute to the SFG spectra, resulting in similar spectral features related to the fibronectin coating regardless of whether cells are adhered to it. Furthermore, SFG spectra of cells adhered directly on gold were found to have features similar to those of cells adhered on fibronectin-covered gold. Additional experiments with living cells treated in vitro with the high-powered lasers used in these experiments did not result in any visible radiation damage to the cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using SFG spectroscopy as an experimental tool to characterize the extracellular matrix (ECM) layer adjacent to a gold substrate beneath a layer of cells and also suggest that this technique could be operated to examine the ECM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Howell
- Applied Physical Chemistry and Biophysical Chemistry, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 263, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Itano N, Zhuo L, Kimata K. Impact of the hyaluronan-rich tumor microenvironment on cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1720-5. [PMID: 18564137 PMCID: PMC11159524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan acts as a microenvironmental stimulus that can influence the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. During cancer progression, hyaluronan assembles an extracellular matrix that is favorable for both the motility and proliferation of cancer cells and the recruitment of inflammatory and bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. The varied roles of this polysaccharide are regulated via multiple mechanisms involving biosynthesis, degradation, binding with other extracellular molecules, and activation of signaling pathways. Recent animal studies have provided evidence that aberrant biosynthesis of hyaluronan accelerates tumor growth through a diverse repertoire of host-tumor interactions, such as stromal cell recruitment, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and inflammation. Hyaluronan in the tumor microenvironment thus significantly impacts cancer initiation and progression via stroma-cancer cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Itano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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