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Lee IT, Yang CC, Yang CM. Harnessing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists to induce Heme Oxygenase-1: a promising approach for pulmonary inflammatory disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:125. [PMID: 38360670 PMCID: PMC10868008 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ has been extensively shown to attenuate inflammatory responses in conditions such as asthma, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as demonstrated in animal studies. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects remain largely unknown. The upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to confer protective effects, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ is highly expressed not only in adipose tissues but also in various other tissues, including the pulmonary system. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are highly selective agonists for PPARγ and are used as antihyperglycemic medications. These observations suggest that PPARγ agonists could modulate metabolism and inflammation. Several studies have indicated that PPARγ agonists may serve as potential therapeutic candidates in inflammation-related diseases by upregulating HO-1, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. In the respiratory system, exposure to external insults triggers the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the upregulation of HO-1 protects tissues and cells from external insults, indicating that the induction of HO-1 by PPARγ agonists could exert protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and attenuating the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying TZD-induced HO-1 expression are not well understood. This review aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PPARγ agonists induce the expression of HO-1 and explore how they protect against inflammatory and oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, 333008, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan.
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Hou L, Yang X, Liu C, Guo J, Shi Y, Sun T, Feng X, Zhou J, Liu J. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Metabolites Carbon Monoxide and Biliverdin, but Not Iron, Exert Antiviral Activity against Porcine Circovirus Type 3. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0506022. [PMID: 37140466 PMCID: PMC10269822 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05060-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered pathogen that causes porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-like clinical signs, multisystemic inflammation, and reproductive failure. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-inducible enzyme, exerts protective functions by converting heme into carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron. However, the effects of HO-1 and its metabolites on PCV3 replication remain unknown. In this study, experiments involving specific inhibitors, lentivirus transduction, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection revealed that active PCV3 infection reduced HO-1 expression and that the expression of HO-1 negatively regulated virus replication in cultured cells, depending on its enzymatic activity. Subsequently, the effects of the HO-1 metabolites (CO, BV, and iron) on PCV3 infection were investigated. The CO inducers (cobalt protoporphyrin IX [CoPP] or tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium [II] dimer [CORM-2]) mediate PCV3 inhibition by generating CO, and this inhibition is reversed by hemoglobin (Hb; a CO scavenger). The inhibition of PCV3 replication by BV depended on BV-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, as N-acetyl-l-cysteine affected PCV3 replication while reducing ROS production. The reduction product of BV, bilirubin (BR), specifically promoted nitric oxide (NO) generation and further activated the cyclic GMP/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) pathway to attenuate PCV3 infection. Both the iron provided by FeCl3 and the iron chelated by deferoxamine (DFO) with CoPP treatment failed to affect PCV3 replication. Our data demonstrate that the HO-1-CO-cGMP/PKG, HO-1-BV-ROS, and HO-1-BV-BR-NO-cGMP/PKG pathways contribute crucially to the inhibition of PCV3 replication. These results provide important insights regarding preventing and controlling PCV3 infection. IMPORTANCE The regulation of host protein expression by virus infection is the key to facilitating self-replication. As an important emerging pathogen of swine, clarification of the interaction between PCV3 infection and the host enables us to understand the viral life cycle and pathogenesis better. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron have been demonstrated to involve a wealth of viral replications. Here, we, for the first time, demonstrated that HO-1 expression decreases in PCV3-infected cells and negatively regulates PCV3 replication and that the HO-1 metabolic products CO and BV inhibit PCV3 replication by the CO- or BV/BR/NO-dependent cGMP/PKG pathway or BV-mediated ROS reduction, but the iron (the third metabolic product) does not. Specifically, PCV3 infection maintains normal proliferation by downregulating HO-1 expression. These findings clarify the mechanism by which HO-1 modulates PCV3 replication in cells and provide important targets for preventing and controlling PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changzhe Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Saunders RM, Biddle M, Amrani Y, Brightling CE. Stressed out - The role of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:97-119. [PMID: 35472411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) surrounding the airways is dysfunctional in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting; increased contraction, increased mass, increased inflammatory mediator release and decreased corticosteroid responsiveness. Due to this dysfunction, ASM is a key contributor to symptoms in patients that remain symptomatic despite optimal provision of currently available treatments. There is a significant body of research investigating the effects of oxidative stress/ROS on ASM behaviour, falling into the following categories; cigarette smoke and associated compounds, air pollutants, aero-allergens, asthma and COPD relevant mediators, and the anti-oxidant Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. However, despite a number of recent reviews addressing the role of oxidative stress/ROS in asthma and COPD, the potential contribution of oxidative stress/ROS-related ASM dysfunction to asthma and COPD pathophysiology has not been comprehensively reviewed. We provide a thorough review of studies that have used primary airway, bronchial or tracheal smooth muscle cells to investigate the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and consider how they could contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. We summarise the current state of play with regards to clinical trials/development of agents targeting oxidative stress and associated limitations, and the adverse effects of oxidative stress on the efficacy of current therapies, with reference to ASM related studies where appropriate. We also identify limitations in the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Saunders
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Michael Biddle
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yassine Amrani
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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5,8-Dihydroxy-4 , 7-dimethoxyflavone Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 through EGFR/PKCα/PI3K/Akt/Sp1-Dependent Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1372958. [PMID: 35281466 PMCID: PMC8916851 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1372958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we found that 5,8-dihydroxy-4
,7-dimethoxyflavone (DDF) upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) pathway in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). However, the alternative processes by which DDF induces the upregulation of HO-1 expression are unknown. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and protein kinase C (PKC)α may initiate specificity protein (Sp)1 activity, which has been reported to induce expression of antioxidant molecules. Thus, we explored whether these components are engaged in DDF-induced HO-1 upregulation in HCFs. Western blotting, promoter-reporter analyses, and real-time polymerase chain reactions were adopted to measure HO-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expressions in HCFs. Respective small interfering (si)RNAs and pharmacological inhibitors were employed to investigate the signaling components engaged in DDF-induced HO-1 upregulation. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to detect the binding interaction of Sp1 and antioxidant response elements (ARE) on the promoter of HO-1. An adhesion assay of THP-1 monocyte was undertaken to examine the functional effect of HO-1 on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced VCAM-1 expression. DDF stimulated the EGFR/PKCα/PI3K/Akt pathway leading to activation of Sp1 in HCFs. The roles of these protein kinases in HO-1 induction were ensured by transfection with their respective siRNAs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the interaction between Sp1 and the binding site of proximal ARE on the HO-1 promoter, which was abolished by glutathione, AG1478, Gö6976, LY294002, or mithramycin A. HO-1 expression enhanced by DDF abolished the monocyte adherence to HCFs and VCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α. Pretreatment with an inhibitor of HO-1: zinc protoporphyrin IX reversed these inhibitory effects of HO-1. We concluded that DDF-induced HO-1 expression was mediated via an EGFR/PKCα/PI3K/Akt-dependent Sp1 pathway and attenuated the responses of inflammation in HCFs.
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Metschl S, Bruder L, Paloschi V, Jakob K, Reutersberg B, Reeps C, Maegdefessel L, Gee M, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J. Changes in endocan and dermatan sulfate are associated with biomechanical properties of abdominal aortic wall during aneurysm expansion and rupture. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1513-1523. [PMID: 35170008 DOI: 10.1055/a-1772-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The study aimed to assess the potential of proteoglycans (PG) and collagens as serological biomarkers in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechano-biological interactions and signaling pathways. METHODS Tissue and serum samples from patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA, n=29), elective AAA (eAAA, n=78), and healthy individuals (n=8) were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), mechanical properties were assessed by tensile tests. Regulatory pathways were determined by membrane-based sandwich immunoassay. RESULTS In AAA samples, collagen type I and III (Col1, Col3), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and dermatan sulfate (DS) were significantly increased compared to controls (3.0-, 3.2-, 1.3-, and 53-fold; p<0.01). Col1 and endocan were also elevated in the serum of AAA patients (3.6- and 6.0-fold; p<0.01), while DS was significantly decreased (2.5-fold; p<0.01). Histological scoring showed increased total PGs and focal accumulation in rAAA compared to eAAA. Tissue β-stiffness was higher in rAAA compared to eAAA (2.0-fold, p=0.02). Serum Col1 correlated with maximum tensile force and failure tension (r=0.448 and 0.333; p<0.01 and =0.02), tissue endocan correlated with α-stiffness (r=0.340; p<0.01). Signaling pathways in AAA were associated with ECM synthesis and VSMC proliferation. In particular, Src family kinases, PDGF- and EGF-related proteins seem to be involved. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a structural association between collagen and PGs and their response to changes in mechanical loads in AAA. Particularly Col1 and endocan reflect the mechano-biological conditions of the aortic wall also in the patient's serum and might serve for AAA risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Metschl
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Vascular and Endovascular surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Katharina Jakob
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Reeps
- Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät an der TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Michael Gee
- Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Experimental Vascular Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Ginsenosides Isolated from the Fruit of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Regulation of HO-1 Expression through EGFR Signaling Has Anti-Inflammatory and Osteogenic Induction Effects in HPDL Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072092. [PMID: 33917440 PMCID: PMC8038702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a set of chronic inflammatory diseases caused by the accumulation of Gram-negative bacteria on teeth, resulting in gingivitis, pocket formation, alveolar bone loss, tissue destruction, and tooth loss. In this study, the contents of ginsenosides isolated from Panax ginseng fruit extract were quantitatively analyzed, and the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in human periodontal ligament cells. The major ginsenosides, Re, Ra8, and Rf, present in ginseng fruit were simultaneously analyzed by a validated method using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector; Re, Ra8, and Rf content per 1 g of P. ginseng fruit extract was 1.01 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.01, and 0.55 ± 0.04 mg, respectively. Ginsenosides-Re, -Ra8, and -Rf inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of important cytokines in periodontitis by inducing the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), promoting osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament cells, suppressing alveolar bone loss, and promoting the expression of osteoblast-specific genes, such as alp, opn, and runx2. An inhibitory effect of these ginsenosides on periodontitis and alveolar bone loss was observed via the regulation of HO-1 and subsequent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Silencing EGFR with EGFR siRNA confirmed that the effect of ginsenosides on HO-1 is mediated by EGFR. In conclusion, this study evaluated the contents of ginsenosides-Re, -Ra8, and -Rf isolated from P. ginseng fruit extract. Therefore, these results provide important basic data for future P. ginseng fruit component studies and suggest that ginsenosides Re, Ra8, and Rf have potential as future treatment options for periodontitis.
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Yang CC, Yang CM. Chinese Herbs and Repurposing Old Drugs as Therapeutic Agents in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:657-687. [PMID: 33707963 PMCID: PMC7940992 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s293135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pro-inflammatory factors and proteins have been characterized that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, induced by oxidative stress, cytokines, bacterial toxins, and viruses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as secondary messengers and are products of normal cellular metabolism. Under physiological conditions, ROS protect cells against oxidative stress through the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, which is important for proliferation, viability, cell activation, and organ function. However, overproduction of ROS is most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. NADPH oxidase activation and ROS overproduction could further induce numerous inflammatory target proteins that are potentially mediated via Nox/ROS-related transcription factors triggered by various intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, oxidative stress is considered important in pulmonary inflammatory processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that redox signals can induce pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Thus, therapeutic strategies directly targeting oxidative stress may be effective for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may be beneficial to these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that traditional Chinese medicines, statins, and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor agonists could modulate inflammation-related signaling processes and may be beneficial for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In particular, several herbal medicines have attracted attention for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacological effects of these drugs to dissect how they induce host defense mechanisms against oxidative injury to combat pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death can be protected via the induction of HO-1 by these drugs. The main objective of this review is to focus on Chinese herbs and old drugs to develop anti-inflammatory drugs able to induce HO-1 expression for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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Juszczak M, Kluska M, Wysokiński D, Woźniak K. DNA damage and antioxidant properties of CORM-2 in normal and cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12200. [PMID: 32699258 PMCID: PMC7376213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the effect of tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2) and its CO-depleted molecule (iCORM-2) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. We determined cell viability, DNA damage and DNA repair kinetics. We also studied the effect of both compounds on DNA oxidative damage, free radical level and HO-1 gene expression. We showed that at low concentrations both CORM-2 and iCORM-2 stimulate PBMCs viability. After 24-h incubation, CORM-2 and iCORM-2, at the concentration of 100 µM, reduce the viability of both PBMCs and HL-60 cells. We also demonstrated that CORM-2 and iCORM-2, in the 0.01–100 µM concentration range, cause DNA damage such as strand breaks and alkaline labile sites. DNA damage was repaired efficiently only in HL-60 cells. CORM-2 significantly reduces oxidative stress induced by 1 mM H2O2 in normal and cancer cells. On the contrary, iCORM-2 in HL-60 cells increases the level of free radicals in the presence of 1 and 5 mM H2O2. We also revealed that both CORM-2 and iCORM-2 induce HO-1 gene expression. However, CORM-2 induces this gene to a greater extent than iCORM-2, especially in HL-60 cells at 100 µM. Finally, we showed that CORM-2 and iCORM-2 reduce H2O2-induced DNA oxidative damage. Furthermore, CORM-2 proved to be a compound with stronger antioxidant properties than iCORM-2. Our results suggest that both active CORM-2 and inactive iCORM-2 exert biological effects such as cyto- and genotoxicity, antioxidant properties and the ability to induce the HO-1 gene. The released CO as well as iCORM-2 can be responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Juszczak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kluska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniel Wysokiński
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Induction of HO-1 by Mevastatin Mediated via a Nox/ROS-Dependent c-Src/PDGFRα/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE Cascade Suppresses TNF-α-Induced Lung Inflammation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010226. [PMID: 31952230 PMCID: PMC7019964 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mevastatin (MVS), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme, a reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects potentially via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, the mechanisms underlying MVS-induced HO-1 expression remain largely unknown in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs). Methods: HO-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression were determined using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and promoter reporter analyses. The signaling components were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors or specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)s. Interaction between Nrf2 and the antioxidant response element (ARE) binding site for the HO-1 promoter was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results: Upregulation of HO-1 by MVS attenuated the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated ICAM-1 expression associated with THP-1 adhesion to HPAEpiCs. These inhibitory effects of HO-1 were reversed by tin protoporphyrin (SnPP)IX or by transfection with HO-1 siRNA. MVS-induced HO-1 expression was mediated via NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Activation of Nox2/ROS further stimulated the phosphorylation of p47phox, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (c-Src), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDFGR)α, protein kinase B (Akt), and Nrf2, which were inhibited by siRNAs. Pretreatment with pharmacological inhibitors, including diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), apocynin (APO), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), PP1, AG1296, or LY294002, reduced the MVS-activated Nrf2 nuclear-translocation binding to the ARE on the HO-1 promoter. Conclusions: MVS-induced HO-1 is, at least in part, mediated through a p47phox/Nox2/ROS-dependent activation of c-Src/PDGFRα/PI3K/Akt-regulated Nrf2/ARE axis and suppresses the TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses in HPAEpiCs.
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VEGFR2 activation mediates the pro-angiogenic activity of BMP4. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:521-533. [PMID: 31363885 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) regulates multiple biological processes, including vascular development and angiogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in mediating the angiogenic activity of BMP4. BMP4 induces a rapid relocation and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 on the endothelial cell membrane. These effects occur in the absence of a direct interaction of BMP4 and/or BMP receptors with VEGFR2. At variance, BMP4, by interacting with the BMPRI-II hetero-complex, induces c-Src phosphorylation which, in turn, activates VEGFR2, leading to an angiogenic response. Accordingly, the BMPR inhibitor dorsomorphin prevents c-Src activation and specific inhibition of c-Src significantly reduces downstream VEGFR2 phosphorylation and the angiogenic activity exerted by BMP4 in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Together, our data indicate that the pro-angiogenic activity exerted by BMP4 in endothelial cells is mediated by a BMPR-mediated intracellular transactivation of VEGFR2 via c-Src.
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Wysokiński D, Lewandowska P, Zątak D, Juszczak M, Kluska M, Lizińska D, Rudolf B, Woźniak K. Photoactive CO-releasing complexes containing iron - genotoxicity and ability in HO-1 gene induction in HL-60 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:544-551. [PMID: 31367337 PMCID: PMC6621133 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on the biological properties of two photoactive CO-releasing molecules containing iron, i.e. (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(η1-N-maleimidato) (complex A) and (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(η1-N-succinimidato) (complex B). We studied their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and the ability of inducing the HO-1 gene in HL-60 cells. We also investigated the kinetics of DNA damage repair induced by complexes A and B. We demonstrated that complex B was not toxic to HL-60 cells in high doses (above 100 μM). The ability to induce DNA damage was higher for complex A. Importantly, there was no difference in irradiated and non-irradiated cells for both complexes. DNA damage induced by complex B was repaired efficiently, while the repair of DNA damage induced by complex A was disturbed. Complex B had a minor effect on HO-1 gene expression (less than 2-fold induction), while complex A had induced HO-1 gene expression to a great extent (over 17-fold for 10 μM) - similarly in irradiated and non-irradiated HL-60 cells. The results of our research indicate that the ability of both complexes to damage DNA and to upregulate HO-1 gene expression is not related to the release of CO. Further research is needed to test whether these compounds can be considered as potential CO carriers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wysokiński
- Department of Molecular Genetics , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , 90-236 , Lodz , Poland .
| | - Patrycja Lewandowska
- Department of Molecular Genetics , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , 90-236 , Lodz , Poland .
| | - Daria Zątak
- Department of Molecular Genetics , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , 90-236 , Lodz , Poland .
| | - Michał Juszczak
- Department of Molecular Genetics , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , 90-236 , Lodz , Poland .
| | - Magdalena Kluska
- Department of Molecular Genetics , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , 90-236 , Lodz , Poland .
| | - Daria Lizińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , 91-403 Lodz , Poland
| | - Bogna Rudolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , University of Lodz , 91-403 Lodz , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , 90-236 , Lodz , Poland .
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Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Cho RL, Yang CM. Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecule-2-Upregulated ROS-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Axis Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Airway Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133157. [PMID: 31261663 PMCID: PMC6651427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is mediated through nicotinamaide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which could provide cytoprotection against inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM)-2-induced HO-1 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) remain unknown. Here, we found that pretreatment with CORM-2 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression and leukocyte count through the up-regulation of HO-1 in mice, which was revealed by immunohistochemistrical staining, Western blot, real-time PCR, and cell count. The inhibitory effects of HO-1 by CORM-2 were reversed by transfection with HO-1 siRNA. Next, Western blot, real-time PCR, and promoter activity assay were performed to examine the HO-1 induction in HTSMCs. We found that CORM-2 induced HO-1 expression via the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)α and proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2), which was mediated through Nox-derived ROS generation using pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs). CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through Nox-(1, 2, 4) or p47phox, which was confirmed by transfection with their own siRNAs. The Nox-derived ROS signals promoted the activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Subsequently, c-Fos and c-Jun-activator protein-1 (AP-1) subunits-were up-regulated by activated ERK1/2, which turned on transcription of the HO-1 gene by regulating the HO-1 promoter. These results suggested that in HTSMCs, CORM-2 activates PKCα/Pyk2-dependent Nox/ROS/ERK1/2/AP-1, leading to HO-1 up-regulation, which suppresses the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
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13
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CO-Releasing Molecule-2 Induces Nrf2/ARE-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression Suppressing TNF-α-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040436. [PMID: 30934992 PMCID: PMC6517967 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM)-2 may be mediated through the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases [Nox] and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which could provide cytoprotection against various cellular injuries. However, the detailed mechanisms of CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) remain largely unknown. Therefore, we dissected the mechanisms underlying CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. We found that the administration of mice with CORM-2 attenuated the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and leukocyte count as revealed by immunohistochemical staining, western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and cell count. Furthermore, TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression associated with monocyte adhesion to HPAEpiCs was attenuated by infection with adenovirus (adv)-HO-1 or incubation with CORM-2. These inhibitory effects of HO-1 were reversed by pretreatment with hemoglobin (Hb). Moreover, CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated via the phosphorylation of p47phox, c-Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Akt, and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which were inhibited by their pharmacological inhibitors, including diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) or apocynin (APO), ROS [N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)], PP1, AG1478, PI3K (LY294002), or Akt (SH-5), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). CORM-2-enhanced Nrf2 expression, and anti-oxidant response element (ARE) promoter activity was also inhibited by these pharmacological inhibitors. The interaction between Nrf2 and AREs was confirmed with a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. These findings suggest that CORM-2 increases the formation of the Nrf2 and AREs complex and binds with ARE-binding sites via Src, EGFR, and PI3K/Akt, which further induces HO-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. Thus, the HO-1/CO system might suppress TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses and exert a potential therapeutic strategy in pulmonary diseases.
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14
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Fão L, Mota SI, Rego AC. c-Src regulates Nrf2 activity through PKCδ after oxidant stimulus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:686-698. [PMID: 30685263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 is the main transcription factor involved in expression of cell defense enzymes, which is altered in several oxidant-related disorders. Cytosolic Nrf2 activation is modulated through phosphorylation by PKCδ, an enzyme controlled by Src tyrosine kinases. Of relevance, Src family members are involved in numerous cellular processes and regulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study we analysed the activation of cell survival-related signaling proteins, c-Src and Nrf2, and the influence of c-Src kinase on Nrf2 regulation after exposure to H2O2. Acute exposure of HT22 mouse hippocampal neural cells to H2O2 increased c-Src and Nrf2 phosphorylation/activation at Tyr416 and Ser40, respectively. Nrf2 phosphorylation at Ser40, its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were dependent on c-Src kinase activation. Moreover, modulation of Nrf2 activity by c-Src occurred through PKCδ phosphorylation at Tyr311. We demonstrate, for the first time, c-Src-mediated regulation of Nrf2 transcriptional activity, via PKCδ activation, following an acute H2O2 stimulus. This work supports that the c-Src/PKCδ/Nrf2 pathway may constitute a novel signaling pathway stimulated by H2O2 and a potential target for the treatment of diseases involving redox deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Fão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Mota
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rego
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Cho R, Yang C, Tseng H, Hsiao L, Lin C, Yang C. Haem oxygenase-1 up-regulation by rosiglitazone via ROS-dependent Nrf2-antioxidant response elements axis or PPARγ attenuates LPS-mediated lung inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3928-3946. [PMID: 30088830 PMCID: PMC6151343 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced by thiazolidinediones including rosiglitazone and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression remain largely unknown in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HO-1 expression was determined by real time-PCR, Western blotting and promoter reporter analyses. Signalling pathways were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors or specific siRNAs. Interactions between nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) and antioxidant response elements (ARE) binding site of the HO-1 promoter were investigated with chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. KEY RESULTS Up-regulation of HO-1 in HPAEpiCs or in mice by rosiglitazone blunted ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to HPAEpiCs challenged with LPS. Rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression was significantly attenuated by NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitors (apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium) or ROS scavenger (N-acetyl cysteine). The involvement of NOX activity and ROS generation in rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression was confirmed by transfection with p47phox or NOX2 siRNA. Moreover, pretreatment with the inhibitors of c-Src (c-Srci II), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) (PF431396), Akt (Akti VIII) or PPARγ (GW9662) and transfection with siRNA of c-Src, Pyk2, Akt or PPARγ abolished the rosiglitazone-induced HO-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. Subsequently, Nrf2 was activated by phosphorylation of c-Src, Pyk2 and Akt, which turned on transcription of HO-1 gene by binding to AREs binding site and enhancing ARE promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Rosiglitazone induces HO-1 expression via either NOX/ROS/c-Src/Pyk2/Akt-dependent Nrf2 activation or PPARγ in HPAEpiCs and suppresses LPS-mediated inflammatory responses, suggesting that PPARγ agonists may be useful for protection against pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou‐Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao‐YuanTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Ching Tseng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Li‐Der Hsiao
- Department of AnestheticsChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Chung Lin
- Department of AnestheticsChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
| | - Chuen‐Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
- Department of AnestheticsChang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung UniversityTao‐YuanTaiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human EcologyChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTao‐YuanTaiwan
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16
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Chen Q, Tao J, Li G, Zheng D, Tan Y, Li R, Tian L, Li Z, Cheng H, Xie X. Astaxanthin ameliorates experimental diabetes-induced renal oxidative stress and fibronectin by upregulating connexin43 in glomerular mesangial cells and diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 840:33-43. [PMID: 30268666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the major cause of renal fibrosis in the progression of DN. Connexin43 (Cx43) exerts an anti-fibrosis effect on diabetic kidneys. The current study aimed to investigate whether astaxanthin (AST) could ameliorate the pathological progression of DN by upregulating Cx43 and activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling, which is a pivotal anti-oxidative stress system, to strengthen the cellular anti-oxidative capacity and diminish fibronectin (FN) accumulation in HG-induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). Our hypothesis was verified in GMCs and the kidneys from db/db mice by western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter assay and reactive oxygen related detection kits. Results showed that AST simultaneously upregulated the Cx43 protein level and promoted the Nrf2/ARE signaling activity in the kidney of db/db mice and HG-treated GMCs. However, Cx43 depletion abrogated the Nrf2/ARE signaling activation induced by AST. AST reduced the interaction between c-Src and Nrf2 in the nuclei of GMCs cultured with HG, thereby enhancing the Nrf2 accumulation in the nuclei of GMCs. Our data suggested that AST promoted the Nrf2/ARE signaling by upregulating the Cx43 protein level to prevent renal fibrosis triggered by HG in GMCs and db/db mice. c-Src acted as a mediator in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; School of Life Science, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; School of Life Science, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Dongxiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruibo Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhanghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haotian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228.
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17
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Lin CY, Tzeng HE, Li TM, Chen HT, Lee Y, Yang YC, Wang SW, Yang WH, Tang CH. WISP-3 inhibition of miR-452 promotes VEGF-A expression in chondrosarcoma cells and induces endothelial progenitor cells angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39571-39581. [PMID: 28465477 PMCID: PMC5503633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most prevalent general primary tumor of bone following osteosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma development may be linked to angiogenesis, which is principally elicited by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). VEGF-A level has been recognized as a prognostic marker in angiogenesis. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-3 (WISP)-3/CCN6 belongs to the CCN family and is involved in regulating several cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Nevertheless, the effect of WISP-3 on VEGF-A production and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma remains largely unknown. This current study shows that WISP-3 promoted VEGF-A production and induced angiogenesis of human endothelial progenitor cells. Moreover, WISP-3-enhanced VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis involved the c-Src and p38 signaling pathways, while miR-452 expression was negatively affected by WISP-3 via the c-Src and p38 pathways. Our results illustrate the clinical significance of WISP-3, VEGF-A and miR-452 in human chondrosarcoma patients. WISP-3 may illustrate a novel therapeutic target in the metastasis and angiogenesis of chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Lin CC, Chiang YC, Cho RL, Lin WN, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Up-regulation of PYK2/PKCα-dependent haem oxygenase-1 by CO-releasing molecule-2 attenuates TNF-α-induced lung inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:456-468. [PMID: 29139546 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) could provide cytoprotection against various inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2)-induced HO-1 expression against TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CORM-2-induced HO-1 protein and mRNA expression, and signalling pathways were determined by Western blot and real-time PCR, coupled with respective pharmacological inhibitors or transfection with siRNAs. The effect of CORM-2 on TNF-α-induced increase in leukocyte counts in BAL fluid and VCAM-1 expression in lung was determined by cell counting and Western blot analysis. KEY RESULTS CORM-2 attenuated the TNF-α-induced pulmonary haematoma, VCAM-1 expression and increase in leukocytes through an up-regulation of HO-1 in mice; this effect of CORM-2 was reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX. Furthermore, CORM-2 increased HO-1 protein and mRNA expression as well as the phosphorylation of PYK2, PKCα and ERK1/2 (p44/p42 MAPK) in HPAEpiCs; these effects were attenuated by their respective pharmacological inhibitors or transfection with siRNAs. Inhibition of PKCα by Gö6976 or Gö6983 attenuated CORM-2-induced stimulation of PKCα and ERK1/2 phosphorylation but had no effect on PYK2 phosphorylation. Moreover, inhibition of PYK2 by PF431396 reduced the phosphorylation of all three protein kinases. Finally, PYK2/PKCα/ERK1/2-mediated stimulation of activator protein 1 was shown to play a key role in CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression via an up-regulation of c-Fos mRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CORM-2 activates a PYK2/PKCα/ERK1/2/AP-1 pathway leading to HO-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. This HO-1/CO system might have potential as a therapeutic target in pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chiang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Anaesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Centre for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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19
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Lin CC, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Chen SY, Yang CM. Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction by Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecule-3 Suppresses Interleukin-1β-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:387. [PMID: 29209167 PMCID: PMC5701945 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and brain damage are initiated by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to tissue injury, cellular death and inflammation. In cellular anti-oxidant systems, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an oxidative-sensor protein induced by ROS generation or carbon monoxide (CO) release. CO releasing molecules (CORMs), including CORM-3, exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of CORM-3-induced HO-1 expression and protection against interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammatory responses have not been fully elucidated in rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1). To study the regulation of CORM-3-induced HO-1 expression, signaling pathways, promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression were assessed following treatment with pharmacological inhibitors and gene-specific siRNA knockdown. We found that CORM-3 mediated HO-1 induction via transcritional and translational processes. Furthermore, CORM-3-induced HO-1 expression was mediated by phosphorylation of several protein kinases, such as c-Src, Pyk2, protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which were inhibited by respective pharmacological inhibitors or by gene-specific knockdown with siRNA transfections. Next, we found that CORM-3 sequentially activated the c-Src/Pyk2/PKCα/p42/p44 MAPK pathway, thereby up-regulating mRNA for the activator protein (AP)-1 components c-Jun and c-Fos; these effects were attenuated by an AP-1 inhibitor (Tanshinone IIA; TSIIA) and other relevant inhibitors. Moreover, CORM-3-induced upregulation of HO-1 attenuated the IL-1β-induced cell migration and matrix metallopeptidase-9 mRNA expression in RBA-1 cells. These effects were reversed by an matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2/9 inhibitor or by transfection with HO-1 siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Ryter SW, Ma KC, Choi AMK. Carbon monoxide in lung cell physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C211-C227. [PMID: 29118026 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gas that has gained recognition as a biological signal transduction effector with properties similar, but not identical, to that of nitric oxide (NO). CO, which binds primarily to heme iron, may activate the hemoprotein guanylate cyclase, although with lower potency than NO. Furthermore, CO can modulate the activities of several cellular signaling molecules such as p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, Akt, NF-κB, and others. Emerging studies suggest that mitochondria, the energy-generating organelle of cells, represent a key target of CO action in eukaryotes. Dose-dependent modulation of mitochondrial function by CO can result in alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, release of proapoptotic and proinflammatory mediators, as well as the inhibition of respiration at high concentration. CO, through modulation of signaling pathways, can impact key biological processes including autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cellular proliferation, inflammation, and innate immune responses. Inhaled CO is widely known as an inhalation hazard due to its rapid complexation with hemoglobin, resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues and hypoxemia. Despite systemic and cellular toxicity at high concentrations, CO has demonstrated cyto- and tissue-protective effects at low concentration in animal models of organ injury and disease. These include models of acute lung injury (e.g., hyperoxia, hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, mechanical ventilation, bleomycin) and sepsis. The success of CO as a candidate therapeutic in preclinical models suggests potential clinical application in inflammatory and proliferative disorders, which is currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York
| | - Kevin C Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York.,New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York
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21
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Jung YH, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Lee SJ, Han HJ. EphB2 signaling-mediated Sirt3 expression reduces MSC senescence by maintaining mitochondrial ROS homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:368-380. [PMID: 28687409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) homeostasis is a key factor inducing UCB-MSC senescence. Accordingly, preventing mtROS accumulation will help in suppressing the UCB-MSC senescence. In this study, we observed that the expressions of EphrinB2 and EphB2 were inversely regulated by UCB-MSC passage-dependent manner. EphB2 signaling induced mitochondrial translocation of Sirt3. The knockdown of SIRT3 inhibited the effect of EphB2 signaling in UCB-MSCs. Subsequently, EphrinB2-Fc induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 via c-Src phosphorylation dependent manner, and Sirt3 expression was regulated by Nrf-2. Among Sirt3 target genes, EphB2 signaling increased MnSOD and reduced the mtROS level in UCB-MSCs. Furthermore, the deacetylase effect of Sirt3 enhanced the MnSOD activity by deacetylation at the lysine 68 residue and therapeutic effect of UCB-MSCs on skin-wound healing was increased by EphB2 activation. In conclusion, the EphB2 can serve as a novel target for the optimizing the therapeutic use of UCB-MSCs in wound repair by MnSOD-mediated mtROS scavenging through EphB2/c-Src signaling pathway and Nrf-2-dependent Sirt3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Lin CC, Yang CC, Chen YW, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Arachidonic Acid Induces ARE/Nrf2-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Transcription in Rat Brain Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3328-3343. [PMID: 28497199 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a major product of phospholipid hydrolysis catalyzed by phospholipase A2 during neurodegenerative diseases. AA exerts as a second messenger to regulate various signaling components which may be involved in different pathophysiological processes. Astrocytes are the main types of CNS resident cells which maintain and support the physiological function of brain. AA has been shown to induce ROS generation through activation of NADPH oxidases (Noxs) which may play a key role in the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying AA-induced HO-1 expression in rat brain astrocytes (RBA-1). We found that AA induced HO-1 protein and mRNA expression and promoter activity in RBA-1, which was mediated through the synthesis of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin D2-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) receptors. This note was confirmed by transfection with PPARγ small interfering RNAs (siRNA) which attenuated the AA-mediated responses. AA-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through Nox/ROS generation, which was inhibited by Nox inhibitors (diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin) and ROS scavengers (N-acetyl cysteine). Moreover, AA-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through phosphorylation of Src, Pyk2, platelet-derived growth factor, PI3K/Akt, and ERK1/2 which were inhibited by the pharmacological inhibitors including PP1, PF431396, AG1296, LY294002, and U0126 or by transfection with respective siRNAs. AA-enhanced Nrf2 expression and HO-1 promoter activity was inhibited by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA or by these pharmacological inhibitors. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that Nrf2 and PPARγ were associated with the proximal antioxidant response element (ARE)-binding site on HO-1 promoter, suggesting that Nrf2/PPARγ are key transcription factors modulating HO-1 expression. AA-induced ARE promoter activity was also reduced by these pharmacological inhibitors. These findings suggested that AA increases formation of Nrf2 and PPARγ complex and binding with ARE1 binding site through Src, Pyk2, PI3K/Akt, and ERK1/2, which further induced HO-1 expression in RBA-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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23
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Li J, Zhou J, Ye Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhang N, Wang X. Increased Heme Oxygenase-1 and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2 in the Placenta Have a Cooperative Action on Preeclampsia. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2016; 81:543-551. [PMID: 27764834 DOI: 10.1159/000451025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress is an important factor in preeclampsia (PE). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) are protective proteins that are involved in combating oxidative stress in the body. Nrf2 is also an essential upstream transcription factor regulating HO-1. This study was aimed at exploring the physiological roles of HO-1 and Nrf2 in PE. METHODS Serum and placenta were collected from 30 patients who presented with severe PE and 30 healthy pregnant females. HO-1 and Nrf2 levels in placenta were measured. Following stimulation of the HTR-8/SVneo cell line with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2 activator, nuclear Nrf2 protein and HO-1 mRNA levels were determined. RESULTS Compared with the healthy pregnancy group, HO-1 protein and mRNA levels were increased in placental samples obtained from the severe PE group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Similar increases were also observed for Nrf2 protein levels (p < 0.01). Nuclear Nrf2 protein and HO-1 mRNA levels were both increased in the HTR-8/SVneo cell line following stimulation with tBHQ (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with severe PE may be protected against oxidative injury following an elevation in HO-1 and Nrf2 levels. Nrf2 is likely to have a synergistic effect on HO-1 in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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24
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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25
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Law ME, Ferreira RB, Davis BJ, Higgins PJ, Kim JS, Castellano RK, Chen S, Luesch H, Law BK. CUB domain-containing protein 1 and the epidermal growth factor receptor cooperate to induce cell detachment. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:80. [PMID: 27495374 PMCID: PMC4974783 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While localized malignancies often respond to available therapies, most disseminated cancers are refractory. Novel approaches, therefore, are needed for the treatment of metastatic disease. CUB domain-containing protein1 (CDCP1) plays an important role in metastasis and drug resistance; the mechanism however, is poorly understood. Methods Breast cancer cell lines were engineered to stably express EGFR, CDCP1 or phosphorylation site mutants of CDCP1. These cell lines were used for immunoblot analysis or affinity purification followed by immunoblot analysis to assess protein phosphorylation and/or protein complex formation with CDCP1. Kinase activity was evaluated using phosphorylation site-specific antibodies and immunoblot analysis in in vitro kinase assays. Protein band excision and mass spectrometry was utilized to further identify proteins complexed with CDCP1 or ΔCDCP1, which is a mimetic of the cleaved form of CDCP1. Cell detachment was assessed using cell counting. Results This paper reports that CDCP1 forms ternary protein complexes with Src and EGFR, facilitating Src activation and Src-dependent EGFR transactivation. Importantly, we have discovered that a class of compounds termed Disulfide bond Disrupting Agents (DDAs) blocks CDCP1/EGFR/Src ternary complex formation and downstream signaling. CDCP1 and EGFR cooperate to induce detachment of breast cancer cells from the substratum and to disrupt adherens junctions. Analysis of CDCP1-containing complexes using proteomics techniques reveals that CDCP1 associates with several proteins involved in cell adhesion, including adherens junction and desmosomal cadherins, and cytoskeletal elements. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that CDCP1 may facilitate loss of adhesion by promoting activation of EGFR and Src at sites of cell-cell and cell-substratum contact. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0741-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Acad. Res. Bldg., Room R5-210, 1200 Newell Drive, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Bradley J Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Acad. Res. Bldg., Room R5-210, 1200 Newell Drive, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Brian K Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Acad. Res. Bldg., Room R5-210, 1200 Newell Drive, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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26
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Chen H, Zeng Q, Yao C, Cai Z, Wei T, Huang Z, Su J. Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors suppress Nav1.1 expression in cultured rat spiral ganglion neurons. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2016; 202:185-93. [PMID: 26790420 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-016-1066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases regulate neuronal voltage-gated Na(+) channels, which generate action potentials. The mechanisms of action, however, remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the effects of Src family kinases on Nav1.1 mRNA and protein expression in spiral ganglion neurons. Immunofluorescence staining techniques detected Nav1.1 expression in the spiral ganglion neurons. Additionally, quantitative PCR and western blot techniques were used to analyze Nav1.1 mRNA and protein expression, respectively, in spiral ganglion neurons following exposure to Src family kinase inhibitors PP2 (1 and 10 μM) and SU6656 (0.1 and 1 μM) for different lengths of time (6 and 24 h). In the spiral ganglion neurons, Nav1.1 protein expression was detected in the somas and axons. The Src family kinase inhibitors PP2 and SU6665 significantly decreased Nav1.1 mRNA and protein expression (p < 0.05), respectively, in the spiral ganglion neurons, and changes in expression were not dependent on time or dose (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingjiao Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingjia Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiping Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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27
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Chien PTY, Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Induction of HO-1 by carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 attenuates thrombin-induced COX-2 expression and hypertrophy in primary human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:349-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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