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Polverino G, Russo F, D’Andrea F. Bioactive Dressing: A New Algorithm in Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2488. [PMID: 38731023 PMCID: PMC11084389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound management presents a significant global challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of wound care products and clinical expertise in selecting dressings. Bioactive dressings (BD) represent a diverse category of dressings, capable of influencing wound healing through various mechanisms. These dressings, including honey, hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginates, and polymers enriched with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chitin, and chitosan derivatives, create a conducive environment for healing, promoting moisture balance, pH regulation, oxygen permeability, and fluid management. Interactive dressings further enhance targeted action by serving as substrates for bioactive agents. The continuous evolution of BDs, with new products introduced annually, underscores the need for updated knowledge in wound care. To facilitate dressing selection, a practical algorithm considers wound exudate, infection probability, and bleeding, guiding clinicians through the process. This algorithm aims to optimize wound care by ensuring the appropriate selection of BDs tailored to individual patient needs, ultimately improving outcomes in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Polverino
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-32-7449-3917 (G.P.); +39-33-3834-1531 (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Russo
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-32-7449-3917 (G.P.); +39-33-3834-1531 (F.R.)
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Belvedere R, Novizio N, Palazzo M, Pessolano E, Petrella A. The pro-healing effects of heparan sulfate and growth factors are enhanced by the heparinase enzyme: New association for skin wound healing treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176138. [PMID: 37923158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment strategies for skin wound repair are the focus of numerous studies. New pharmacological approaches appear necessary to guarantee a correct and healthy tissue regeneration. For these reasons, we purposed to investigate the effects of the combination between heparan sulfate and growth factors further adding the heparinase enzyme. Interestingly, for the first time, we have found that this whole association retains a marked pro-healing activity when topically administered to the wound. In detail, this combination significantly enhances the motility and activation of the main cell populations involved in tissue regeneration (keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells), compared with single agents administered without heparinase. Notably, using an experimental C57BL/6 mouse model of skin wounding, we observed that the topical treatment of skin lesions with heparan sulfate + growth factors + heparinase promotes the highest closure of wounds compared to each substance mixed with the other ones in all the possible combinations. Eosin/hematoxylin staining of skin biopsies revealed that treatment with the whole combination allows the formation of a well-structured matrix with numerous new vessels. Confocal analyses for vimentin, FAP1α, CK10 and CD31 have highlighted the presence of activated fibroblasts, differentiated keratinocytes and endothelial cells at the closed region of wounds. Our results encourage defining this combined treatment as a new and appealing therapy expedient in skin wound healing, as it is able to activate cell components and promote a dynamic lesions closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Karamikamkar S, Yalcintas EP, Haghniaz R, de Barros NR, Mecwan M, Nasiri R, Davoodi E, Nasrollahi F, Erdem A, Kang H, Lee J, Zhu Y, Ahadian S, Jucaud V, Maleki H, Dokmeci MR, Kim H, Khademhosseini A. Aerogel-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: From Fabrication Methods to Disease-Targeting Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204681. [PMID: 37217831 PMCID: PMC10427407 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aerogel-based biomaterials are increasingly being considered for biomedical applications due to their unique properties such as high porosity, hierarchical porous network, and large specific pore surface area. Depending on the pore size of the aerogel, biological effects such as cell adhesion, fluid absorption, oxygen permeability, and metabolite exchange can be altered. Based on the diverse potential of aerogels in biomedical applications, this paper provides a comprehensive review of fabrication processes including sol-gel, aging, drying, and self-assembly along with the materials that can be used to form aerogels. In addition to the technology utilizing aerogel itself, it also provides insight into the applicability of aerogel based on additive manufacturing technology. To this end, how microfluidic-based technologies and 3D printing can be combined with aerogel-based materials for biomedical applications is discussed. Furthermore, previously reported examples of aerogels for regenerative medicine and biomedical applications are thoroughly reviewed. A wide range of applications with aerogels including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics are demonstrated. Finally, the prospects for aerogel-based biomedical applications are presented. The understanding of the fabrication, modification, and applicability of aerogels through this study is expected to shed light on the biomedical utilization of aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | | | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKocaeli UniversityUmuttepe CampusKocaeli41001Turkey
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 650939CologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine CologneCMMC Research CenterRobert‐Koch‐Str. 2150931CologneGermany
| | | | - Han‐Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- College of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
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Mottola S, Viscusi G, Iannone G, Belvedere R, Petrella A, De Marco I, Gorrasi G. Supercritical Impregnation of Mesoglycan and Lactoferrin on Polyurethane Electrospun Fibers for Wound Healing Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119269. [PMID: 37298221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrous membranes of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were fabricated through a uni-axial electrospinning process. Fibers were then separately charged with two pharmacological agents, mesoglycan (MSG) and lactoferrin (LF), by supercritical CO2 impregnation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis proved the formation of a micrometric structure with a homogeneous distribution of mesoglycan and lactoferrin. Besides, the degree of retention is calculated in four liquid media with different pHs. At the same time, angle contact analysis proved the formation of a hydrophobic membrane loaded with MSG and a hydrophilic LF-loaded one. The impregnation kinetics demonstrated a maximum loaded amount equal to 0.18 ± 0.20% and 0.07 ± 0.05% for MSG and LT, respectively. In vitro tests were performed using a Franz diffusion cell to simulate the contact with the human skin. The release of MSG reaches a plateau after about 28 h while LF release leveled off after 15 h. The in vitro compatibility of electrospun membranes has been evaluated on HaCaT and BJ cell lines, as human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, respectively. The reported data proved the potential application of fabricated membranes for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mottola
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Viscusi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iannone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gorrasi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Diana R, Gentile FS, Concilio S, Petrella A, Belvedere R, Schibeci M, Arciello A, Di Costanzo L, Panunzi B. A DR/NIR Hybrid Polymeric Tool for Functional Bio-Coatings: Theoretical Study, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040883. [PMID: 36850168 PMCID: PMC9967255 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among modern biomaterials, hybrid tools containing an organic component and a metal cation are recognized as added value, and, for many advanced biomedical applications, synthetic polymers are used as thin protective/functional coatings for medical or prosthetic devices and implants. These materials require specific non-degradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative properties to address safety aspects concerning their use in medicine. Moreover, bioimaging monitoring of the biomedical device and/or implant through biological tissues is a desirable ability. This article reports a novel hybrid metallopolymer obtained by grafting zinc-coordinated fragments to an organic polymeric matrix. This hybrid polymer, owing to its relevant emission in the deep red to near-infrared (DR/NIR) region, is monitorable; therefore, it represents a potential material for biomedical coating. Furthermore, it shows good biocompatibility and adhesion properties and excellent stability in slightly acidic/basic water solutions. Finally, in contact with the superficial layers of human skin, it shows antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Diana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Simona Concilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Bionam Research Center for Biomaterials, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | | | | | - Martina Schibeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wauquier F, Boutin-Wittrant L, Bouvret E, Le Faouder J, Roux V, Macian N, Pickering G, Wittrant Y. Benefits of Circulating Human Metabolites from Fish Cartilage Hydrolysate on Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts, an Ex Vivo Clinical Investigation for Skin Health Applications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235027. [PMID: 36501057 PMCID: PMC9737122 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its significant exposure to stressful environmental factors, the skin undergoes a high remodeling rate over time, which alters not only its appearance but also its functionality. This alteration of the skin, namely photoaging, is characterized by dryness and a loss of elasticity that mainly originates from the dysregulation of dermal fibroblast activities. In order to overcome such tissue outcome, cosmetic products have evolved toward nutricosmetics, thus promoting beauty from within. Among bio-actives of interest, bio-peptides deriving from plant or animal sources may exert various biological activities beyond their nutritional value. However, studies remain mostly descriptive and the mode of action at the cellular level in clinic remains a concern. In a recent clinical trial, it was showed that supplementation with a fish cartilage hydrolysate (FCH) improved signs of chronological and photoaging-induced skin changes in healthy women. Here, using an original ex vivo clinical approach adapted to nutricosmetic purpose, we further demonstrated that this fish cartilage hydrolysate was absorbed and that the circulating metabolites produced in humans following FCH intake stimulate human dermal fibroblast growth, promote specific hyaluronan production, up-regulate elastin synthesis and inhibit MMP-1 and 3 expression along with the enhancement of TGF-β release. Altogether, these data provide clues on the mechanisms likely contributing to the beneficial impact of FCH on human skin functionality by supporting hydration, elasticity and limiting the expression of catabolic factors involved in photoaging onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Wauquier
- Clinic’n’Cell SAS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, CEDEX 1, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Line Boutin-Wittrant
- Clinic’n’Cell SAS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, CEDEX 1, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Roux
- CIC INSERM 1405, Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Macian
- CIC INSERM 1405, Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- CIC INSERM 1405, Plateforme d’Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRAE, UNH, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR1019 of Human Nutrition, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)682297271
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Supercritical CO2-assisted Impregnation/Deposition of Polymeric Materials With Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Biomedical Applications: A Review (2015-2021). J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu N, Chen Y, Guo D, Deng Y, Guo W, Liu X, Wang Y, Lu H, Liu A, Zhu J, Li F. Rhein promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes by targeting oestrogen receptors for skin ulcer treatment. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:209. [PMID: 35932049 PMCID: PMC9354312 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sheng-ji Hua-yu (SJHY) formula is a quite effective Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) in the treatment of delayed diabetic wounds. Previous research has shown that the SJHY formula has significant anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of rhein, a compound extracted from SJHY formula, in keratinocytes and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods Microscale thermophoresis (MST) technology was used to confirm that rhein binds directly to oestrogen receptors (ERs). Rhein was then used to treat keratinocytes in vitro. Cell cycle and proliferation analysis, Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blot were conducted. Results Rhein increased the proportion of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and promoted keratinocyte proliferation. ICI 182,780, an ER inhibitor, was also used to treat keratinocytes. The expression of c-myc mRNA and protein induced by rhein was antagonized by ICI 182,780, indicating that this induction is ER dependent. Intervention with ICI 182,780 had no effect on the upregulation of FosB and JunD, indicating that activator protein 1 (AP-1) members (FosB and JunD) are involved in rhein-induced c-myc mRNA and protein expression but does not require the ER. Conclusion The present study found that rhein stimulates keratinocyte proliferation by activating the oestrogen signalling pathway via the oestrogen receptor, which induces the expression of c-myc in collaboration with FosB and JunD, thereby accelerating the process of re-epithelialization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03691-1.
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Belvedere R, Novizio N, Morello S, Petrella A. The combination of mesoglycan and VEGF promotes skin wound repair by enhancing the activation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts and their cross-talk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11041. [PMID: 35773320 PMCID: PMC9247059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing requires accurate therapeutic topical managements to accelerate tissue regeneration. Here, for the first time, we found that the association mesoglycan/VEGF has a strong pro-healing activity. In detail, this combination induces angiogenesis in human endothelial cells promoting in turn fibroblasts recruitment. These ones acquire a notable ability to invade the matrigel coating and to secrete an active form of metalloproteinase 2 in presence of endothelial cells treated with mesoglycan/VEGF. Next, by creating intrascapular lesions on the back of C57Bl6 mice, we observed that the topical treatments with the mesoglycan/VEGF promotes the closure of wounds more than the single substances beside the control represented by a saline solution. As revealed by eosin/hematoxylin staining of mice skin biopsies, treatment with the combination mesoglycan/VEGF allows the formation of a well-structured matrix with a significant number of new vessels. Immunofluorescence analyses have revealed the presence of endothelial cells at the closed region of wounds, as evaluated by CD31, VE-cadherin and fibronectin staining and of activated fibroblasts assessed by vimentin, col1A and FAP1α. These results encourage defining the association mesoglycan/VEGF to activate endothelial and fibroblast cell components in skin wound healing promoting the creation of new vessels and the deposition of granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics to Explore the Action Mechanism of the Pharmaceutical-Grade Triticum vulgare Extract in Speeding Up Keratinocyte Healing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031108. [PMID: 35164377 PMCID: PMC8839156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts have shown beneficial properties in terms of skin repair, promoting wound healing through a plethora of mechanisms. In particular, the poly-/oligosaccharidic aqueous extract of Triticum vulgare (TVE), as well as TVE-based products, shows interesting biological assets, hastening wound repair. Indeed, TVE acts in the treatment of tissue regeneration mainly on decubitus and venous leg ulcers. Moreover, on scratched monolayers, TVE prompts HaCat cell migration, correctly modulating the expression of metalloproteases toward a physiological matrix remodeling. Here, using the same HaCat-based in vitro scratch model, the TVE effect has been investigated thanks to an LFQ proteomic analysis of HaCat secretomes and immunoblotting. Indeed, the unbiased TVE effect on secreted proteins has not yet been fully understood, and it could be helpful to obtain a comprehensive picture of its bio-pharmacological profile. It has emerged that TVE treatment induces significant up-regulation of several proteins in the secretome (153 to be exact) whereas only a few were down-regulated (72 to be exact). Interestingly, many of the up-regulated proteins are implicated in promoting wound-healing-related processes, such as modulating cell-cell interaction and communication, cell proliferation and differentiation, and prompting cell adhesion and migration.
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Min P. Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptome Data Integration Reveals Dysfunctional Cell Types and Aberrantly Expressed Genes in Hypertrophic Scar. Front Genet 2022; 12:806740. [PMID: 35047019 PMCID: PMC8762316 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.806740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a common skin disorder characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. However, it is still unclear how the cellular composition, cell-cell communications, and crucial transcriptionally regulatory network were changed in HS. In the present study, we found that FB-1, which was identified a major type of fibroblast and had the characteristics of myofibroblast, was significantly expanded in HS by integrative analysis of the single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Moreover, the proportion of KC-2, which might be a differentiated type of keratinocyte (KC), was reduced in HS. To decipher the intercellular signaling, we conducted the cell-cell communication analysis between the cell types, and found the autocrine signaling of HB-1 through COL1A1/2-CD44 and CD99-CD99 and the intercellular contacts between FB-1/FB-5 and KC-2 through COL1A1/COL1A2/COL6A1/COL6A2-SDC4. Almost all the ligands and receptors involved in the autocrine signaling of HB-1 were upregulated in HS by both scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. In contrast, the receptor of KC-2, SDC4, which could bind to multiple ligands, was downregulated in HS, suggesting that the reduced proportion of KC-2 and apoptotic phenotype of KC-2 might be associated with the downregulation of SDC4. Furthermore, we also investigated the transcriptionally regulatory network involved in HS formation. The integrative analysis of the scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data identified CREB3L1 and TWIST2 as the critical TFs involved in the myofibroblast of HS. In summary, the integrative analysis of the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data greatly improved our understanding of the biological characteristics during the HS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunuo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Min
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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The Pyrazolyl-Urea Gege3 Inhibits the Activity of ANXA1 in the Angiogenesis Induced by the Pancreatic Cancer Derived EVs. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121758. [PMID: 34944403 PMCID: PMC8699007 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrazolyl-urea Gege3 molecule has shown interesting antiangiogenic effects in the tumor contest. Here, we have studied the role of this compound as interfering with endothelial cells activation in response to the paracrine effects of annexin A1 (ANXA1), known to be involved in promoting tumor progression. ANXA1 has been analyzed in the extracellular environment once secreted through microvesicles (EVs) by pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. Particularly, Gege3 has been able to notably prevent the effects of Ac2-26, the ANXA1 mimetic peptide, and of PC-derived EVs on endothelial cells motility, angiogenesis, and calcium release. Furthermore, this compound also inhibited the translocation of ANXA1 to the plasma membrane, otherwise induced by the same ANXA1-dependent extracellular stimuli. Moreover, these effects have been mediated by the indirect inhibition of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), which generally promotes the phosphorylation of ANXA1 on serine 27. Indeed, by the subtraction of intracellular calcium levels, the pathway triggered by PKCα underwent a strong inhibition leading to the following impediment to the ANXA1 localization at the plasma membrane, as revealed by confocal and cytofluorimetry analysis. Thus, Gege3 appeared an attractive molecule able to prevent the paracrine effects of PC cells deriving ANXA1 in the tumor microenvironment.
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Morretta E, Belvedere R, Petrella A, Spallarossa A, Rapetti F, Bruno O, Brullo C, Monti MC. Novel insights on the molecular mechanism of action of the anti-angiogenic pyrazolyl-urea GeGe-3 by functional proteomics. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105168. [PMID: 34284173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 5-pyrazolyl-ureas have mostly been known for their attractive poly-pharmacological outline and, in particular, ethyl 1-(2-hydroxypentyl)-5-(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ureido)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (named GeGe-3) has emerged as a capable anti-angiogenic compound. This paper examines its interactome by functional proteomics using a label-free mass spectrometry based platform, coupling Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability and targeted Limited Proteolysis-Multiple Reaction Monitoring. Calreticulin has been recognized as the GeGe-3 principal target and this evidence has been supported by immunoblotting and in silico molecular docking. Furthermore, cell studies have shown that GeGe-3 lowers cell calcium mobilization, cytoskeleton organization and focal adhesion kinase expression, thus linking its biological potential to calreticulin binding and, ultimately, shedding light on the reasonable action mechanism of this molecule as an anti-angiogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Federica Rapetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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14
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Belvedere R, Morretta E, Pessolano E, Novizio N, Tosco A, Porta A, Whiteford J, Perretti M, Filippelli A, Monti MC, Petrella A. Mesoglycan exerts its fibrinolytic effect through the activation of annexin A2. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4926-4943. [PMID: 33284486 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoglycan is a drug based on a mixture of glycosaminoglycans mainly used for the treatment of blood vessel diseases acting as antithrombotic and profibrinolytic drugs. Besides the numerous clinical studies, there is no information about its function on the fibrinolytic cascade. Here, we have elucidated the mechanism of action by which mesoglycan induces the activation of plasmin from endothelial cells. Surprisingly, by a proteomic analysis, we found that, following mesoglycan treatment, these cells show a notable amount of annexin A2 (ANXA2) at the plasma membrane. This protein has been widely associated with fibrinolysis and appears able to move to the membrane when phosphorylated. In our model, this translocation has proven to enhance cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the interaction of mesoglycan with syndecan 4 (SDC4), a coreceptor belonging to the class of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, represents the upstream event of the ANXA2 behavior. Indeed, the activation of SDC4 triggers the motility of endothelial cells culminating in angiogenesis. Interestingly, mesoglycan can induce the release of plasmin in endothelial cell supernatants only in the presence of ANXA2. This evaluation suggests that mesoglycan triggers the formation of a chain mechanism starting from the activation of SDC4, and the related cascade of events, including src complex and PKCα activation, promoting the phosphorylation of ANXA2 and its translocation to plasma membrane. This indicates a connection among mesoglycan, SDC4-(PKCα-src), and ANXA2 which, in turn, links the tissue plasminogen activator bringing it closer to plasminogen. This latter is so cleaved to release the plasmin and degrade fibrin sleeves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - James Whiteford
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
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15
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Pessolano E, Belvedere R, Novizio N, Filippelli A, Perretti M, Whiteford J, Petrella A. Mesoglycan connects Syndecan-4 and VEGFR2 through Annexin A1 and formyl peptide receptors to promote angiogenesis in vitro. FEBS J 2021; 288:6428-6446. [PMID: 34058069 PMCID: PMC9290969 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesoglycan is a mixture of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with fibrinolytic effects and the potential to enhance skin wound repair. Here, we have used endothelial cells isolated from wild‐type (WT) and Syndecan‐4 null (Sdc4‐/‐) C57BL/6 mice to demonstrate that mesoglycan promotes cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis acting on the co‐receptor Syndecan‐4 (SDC4). This latter is known to participate in the formation and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We characterized EVs released by HUVECs and assessed their effect on angiogenesis. Particularly, we focused on Annexin A1 (ANXA1) containing EVs, since they may contribute to tube formation via interactions with Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). In our model, the bond ANXA1‐FPRs stimulates the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A) that interacts with vascular endothelial receptor‐2 (VEGFR2) and activates the pathway enhancing cell motility in an autocrine manner, as shown by wound healing/invasion assays, and the induction of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Thus, we have shown for the first time that mesoglycan exerts its pro‐angiogenic effects in the healing process triggering the activation of the three interconnected molecular axis: mesoglycan‐SDC4, EVs‐ANXA1‐FPRs, and VEGF‐A‐VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | | | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - James Whiteford
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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16
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Belvedere R, Pessolano E, Novizio N, Tosco A, Eletto D, Porta A, Filippelli A, Petrella F, Petrella A. The promising pro-healing role of the association of mesoglycan and lactoferrin on skin lesions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105886. [PMID: 34022411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound repair represents an important topic for the therapeutic challenges. Many molecules are commonly used as active principles of topical devices to induce the correct tissue regeneration. Among these molecules, mesoglycan, a mixture of glycosaminoglycans, and the lactoferrin have recently aroused interest. Here, for the first time, we used mesoglycan/lactoferrin to treat the cell populations mainly involved in wound healing. We showed that human keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells migrate and invade more rapidly when treated with the association. Moreover, we found that mesoglycan/lactoferrin, are able to trigger the differentiation process of keratinocytes, the switch of the fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype for the endothelial cells which, in this way, start to form the capillary-like structures. Additionally, we proved that the well known antimicrobial behavior of lactoferrin encourages the inhibition of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation by the whole association, providing an appealing feature for this formulation. Finally, by the in vivo analysis, we showed that the mesoglycan/lactoferrin favors the closure of skin wounds performed on the mice back. Beside the decrease of the lesion diameters, by a confocal analysis of mice biopsies we found that the use of the association strongly promote cell activation underlying the correct tissue regeneration. These results encourage to further investigation aiming the development of a new topical patch that includes this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Daniela Eletto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Francesco Petrella
- Primary Care - Wound Care Service, Health Local Agency Naples 3 South, Via Libertà 42, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
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17
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Yuan T, Qian H, Yu X, Meng J, Lai CT, Jiang H, Zhao JN, Bao NR. Proteomic analysis reveals rotator cuff injury caused by oxidative stress. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622320987057. [PMID: 33796243 PMCID: PMC7975570 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320987057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Rotator cuff tendinopathy is common and is related to pain and dysfunction.
However, the pathological mechanism of rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
is unclear. Objective: to investigate the pathological mechanism of rotator
cuff injury and shoulder pain, and screen out the marker proteins related to
rotator cuff injury by proteomics. Methods: Subacromial synovium specimens were collected from patients undergoing
shoulder arthroscopic surgery. The experimental group were patients with
rotator cuff repair surgery, and the control group were patients with
habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint. Pathological examination was
performed, and then followed by non-labeled quantitative proteomic
detection. Finally, from analysis of the biological information of the
samples, specific proteins related to rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
were deduced by functional analysis of differential proteins. Results: All the patients in experimental groups were representative. A large number
of adipocytes and inflammatory cells were found in the pathological sections
of the experimental group; the proteomics analysis screen identified 80
proteins with significant differences, and the analysis of protein function
revealed that S100A11 (p = 0.011), PLIN4
(p = 0.017), HYOU1 (p = 0.002) and
CLIC1 (p = 0.007) were closely related to oxidative stress
and chronic inflammation. Conclusion: Rotator cuff injury is closely related to oxidative stress and chronic
inflammatory response, and the results suggest that the expression of
S100A11, PLIN4, HYOU1 and CLIC1 in the synovium of rotator cuff injury
provides a new marker for the study of its pathological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Teng Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ni-Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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18
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Heparan sulfate binds the extracellular Annexin A1 and blocks its effects on pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Franco P, Pessolano E, Belvedere R, Petrella A, De Marco I. Supercritical impregnation of mesoglycan into calcium alginate aerogel for wound healing. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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Belvedere R, Pessolano E, Porta A, Tosco A, Parente L, Petrella F, Perretti M, Petrella A. Mesoglycan induces the secretion of microvesicles by keratinocytes able to activate human fibroblasts and endothelial cells: A novel mechanism in skin wound healing. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 869:172894. [PMID: 31883916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesoglycan is a fibrinolytic compound but recently promising pro-healing effects in skin wound repair have been reported. Previously, we have showed that mesoglycan activates human keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells and induces the secretion of microvesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, from keratinocytes. These EVs may contribute to wound healing since they further activate cells generating an autocrine loop with a positive feedback. In this work, EVs isolated from keratinocytes, treated with mesoglycan, have been tested on human fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The in vitro investigation has been carried out through Wound-Healing/invasion assays to analyze cell motility and assess the differentiation process. Then, the formation of capillary-like structures by human endothelial cells has been performed to evaluate in vitro angiogenesis. We found that EVs secreted from keratinocytes treated with mesoglycan promote fibroblasts and endothelial cells migration and invasion. Furthermore, these receiving cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Additionally, the angiogenesis appears strongly enhanced in presence of this kind of EVs. In conclusion, we show that EVs deriving from keratinocytes trigger a paracrine positive feedback able to further amplify the effects of mesoglycan. This mechanism adds up to the autocrine loop previously reported and culminates with the activation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Particularly, this activation is amplified by the action of growth factors as FGF-2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-2) for the fibroblasts and by VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) for the endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Amalia Porta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Tosco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Luca Parente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Francesco Petrella
- Primary Care, Wound Care Service, Health Local Agency Naples 3 South, Via Libertà 42, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Franco P, Belvedere R, Pessolano E, Liparoti S, Pantani R, Petrella A, De Marco I. PCL/Mesoglycan Devices Obtained by Supercritical Foaming and Impregnation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120631. [PMID: 31779148 PMCID: PMC6956126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a one-shot process for the simultaneous foaming of polycaprolactone (PCL) and impregnation of mesoglycan (MSG) into the porous structure was successfully attempted. Supercritical carbon dioxide plays the role of the foaming agent with respect to PCL and of the solvent with respect to MSG. The main objective is to produce an innovative topical device for application on skin lesions, promoting prolonged pro-resolving effects. The obtained device offers a protective barrier to ensure a favorable and sterilized environment for the wound healing process. The impregnation kinetics revealed that a pressure of 17 MPa, a temperature of 35 °C, and a time of impregnation of 24 h assured a proper foaming of PCL in addition to the impregnation of the maximum amount of MSG; i.e., 0.22 mgMSG/mgPCL. After a preliminary study conducted on PCL granules used as brought, the MSG impregnation was performed at the optimized process conditions also on a PCL film, produced by compression molding, with the final goal of producing medical patches. Comparing the dissolution profiles in phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) of pure MSG and MSG impregnated on foamed PCL, it was demonstrated that the release of MSG was significantly prolonged up to 70 times. Next, we performed functional assays of in vitro wound healing, cell invasion, and angiogenesis to evaluate the biological effects of the PCL-derived MSG. Interestingly, we found the ability of this composite system to promote the activation of human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, as the main actors of tissue regeneration, confirming what we previously showed for the MSG alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Franco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (P.F.); (S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (R.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Emanuela Pessolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (R.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Sara Liparoti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (P.F.); (S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (P.F.); (S.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (R.B.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (I.D.M.); Tel.: +39-089-969762 (A.P.); +39-089-964066 (I.D.M.)
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (P.F.); (S.L.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (I.D.M.); Tel.: +39-089-969762 (A.P.); +39-089-964066 (I.D.M.)
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Annexin A1 Contained in Extracellular Vesicles Promotes the Activation of Keratinocytes by Mesoglycan Effects: An Autocrine Loop Through FPRs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070753. [PMID: 31331117 PMCID: PMC6679056 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that mesoglycan, a fibrinolytic compound, may be a promising pro-healing drug for skin wound repair. We showed that mesoglycan induces migration, invasion, early differentiation, and translocation to the membrane of keratinocytes, as well as the secretion of annexin A1 (ANXA1), further involved in keratinocytes activation. These events are triggered by the syndecan-4 (SDC4)/PKCα pathway. SDC4 also participates to the formation and secretion of microvesicles (EVs) which may contribute to wound healing. EVs were isolated from HaCaT cells, as human immortalized keratinocytes, and then characterised by Western blotting, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Dynamic Light Scattering. Their autocrine effects were investigated by Wound-Healing/invasion assays and confocal microscopy to analyse cell motility and differentiation, respectively. Here, we found that the mesoglycan increased the release of EVs which amplify its same effects. ANXA1 contained in the microvesicles is able to promote keratinocytes motility and differentiation by acting on Formyl Peptide Receptors (FPRs). Thus, the extracellular form of ANXA1 may be considered as a link to intensify the effects of mesoglycan. In this study, for the first time, we have identified an interesting autocrine loop ANXA1/EVs/FPRs in human keratinocytes, induced by mesoglycan.
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