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Horodincu L, Solcan C. Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2095. [PMID: 37443893 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine-immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune-pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560-480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body's internal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Horodincu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
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Embryonic Development of Avian Pineal Secretory Activity-A Lesson from the Goose Pineal Organs in Superfusion Culture. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216329. [PMID: 34770737 PMCID: PMC8588208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic ontogeny of pineal secretory activity in birds has been investigated almost exclusively in chickens. This study aimed to characterize this process in domestic geese. The pineal organs of embryos aged 18–28 days were incubated in superfusion culture under different light conditions for 4–5 days and treated with norepinephrine (NE). Melatonin (MLT) was measured by radioimmunoassay and other indoles by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Additionally, pineal organs were collected from embryos at 14–28 days of age and used to measure catecholamines by HPLC with electrochemical detection. MLT secretion increased with embryo age, most intensively between the 22nd and 24th days of life. The daily changes in MLT secretion under the 12 L:12D cycle occurred on the first day of culture, starting from an embryonic age of 24 days. MLT secretion was controlled by the light-dark cycle in all age groups studied. However, exposure to light during the scotophase did not alter the secretion of MLT. The endogenous oscillator expressed its activity in regulating MLT secretion in the pineal organs of embryos aged 24 days and older but could not generate a rhythm after one cycle. The rhythm of 5-hydroxytryptophan release during the first day of culture was found in the pineal organs of all embryos, while the rhythmic release of N-acetylserotonin and 5-methoxyindole acetic acid started at the age of 24 days. The proportion of released indoles changed with embryo age. NE caused a decrease in MLT secretion and provoked an increase in serotonin release. Incubation of the pineal organs induced the development of MLT secretory machinery and its diurnal rhythmicity. The pineal content of catecholamines increased prominently at the end of embryonic development.
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Yuan X, Lan G, Li L, He H, Wang J, Hu S. Differential gene expression profiling of the goose pineal gland. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:200-208. [PMID: 31830828 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1698014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study was conducted to obtain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying broodiness in a commercial breed, Tianfu geese, as little is known about the role of the pineal gland in this period. The aim was to identify genes which are differentially expressed in the pineal gland between the laying and broodiness periods by performing a transcriptome screen.2. After sequencing cDNA derived from the pineal gland and annotation of the results, a sequencing depth of 14.82 and 18.17 million mapped tags was obtained during the laying and broodiness periods, respectively, and a total of 120 differentially expressed genes were identified. Of these, 32 genes showing up-regulated expression and 88 genes showing down-regulated expression were identified in broodiness period vs. laying period libraries.3. Gene ontology (GO) analyses showed that these genes were related to the visual process, phototransduction, and lipoprotein metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses showed that phototransduction and tryptophan metabolism pathways exhibited the largest enrichment factors. The reliability of the RNA sequence data was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of five genes, and the results were mostly consistent with those from the high-throughput RNA sequencing.4. The goose transcriptome and the identification of differentially expressed genes provided comprehensive gene expression information that enables a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the broodiness period of geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yuan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R.China.,Animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, Chengdu Agriculture College, Wenjiang, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - G Lan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - L Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - H He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - J Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R.China
| | - S Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R.China
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Petrusewicz-Kosińska M, Przybylska-Gornowicz B, Ziółkowska N, Martyniuk K, Lewczuk B. Developmental morphology of the turkey pineal organ. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. Micron 2019; 122:8-20. [PMID: 31026727 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the turkey pineal organ, in contrast to that of the chicken, is characterized by a follicular structure throughout the entire period of post-hatching life. Despite the preservation of the follicular organization, the histological structure of the pineal follicles in turkeys changes prominently with age. The present research was performed to investigate the cellular composition and organization of the follicle wall as well as the ultrastructure of parenchymal cells in the turkey pineal organ during the period of post-hatching development. Pineal organs were collected from female turkeys at 2 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 10 weeks, 20 weeks, 30 weeks, 40 weeks, and 56 weeks post-hatching. The organs were prepared for immunocytochemical studies using antibodies against N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and for ultrastructural examination. The results showed that regardless of age, the pineal follicle was formed by ASMT-immunopositive cells, among which rudimentary photoreceptor and secretory pinealocytes were identified. The second component of the follicle wall consisted of GFAP-immunopositive cells, as represented by ependymal-like and astrocyte-like cells. Rudimentary photoreceptor pinealocytes and ependymal-like cells formed the inner part of the follicle wall, while secretory pinealocytes and astrocyte-like cells created the outer part. Three forms of the pineal follicle structure characteristic of young (two days to ten weeks), young adult (20-30 weeks) and adult (40-56 weeks) turkeys were distinguished. These forms primarily differed in the relative dimensions of the inner and outer parts of the follicle wall. Ultrastructural studies showed prominent changes in the organization of rudimentary receptor pinealocytes during the investigated period of life. These cells developed until the age of 20 weeks, at which time they appeared as strongly elongated cells with a stratified, highly regular distribution of organelles. In adult turkeys, rudimentary receptor pinealocytes showed pronounced regressive changes; however, we never observed their transformation into cells of the secretory type. Secretory pinealocytes increased in number and size during the post-hatching period, which was especially pronounced after 20 weeks of age. The most prominent changes in the supporting cells included the intensification of GFAP-immunoreactivity due to the accumulation of filaments in the cytoplasm and the development of astrocyte-like cells. The increase in the number of secretory pinealocytes and astrocyte-like supporting cells resulted in the formation of two distinct parts of the follicle wall in the pineal organs of young adult and adult turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Petrusewicz-Kosińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Barbara Przybylska-Gornowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Natalia Ziółkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Kamila Martyniuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Bogdan Lewczuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Liao ML, Peng WH, Kan D, Chien CL. Distribution patterns of the zebrafish neuronal intermediate filaments inaa and inab. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:202-214. [PMID: 30387501 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the neuronal intermediate filament (IF) α-internexin may plays a role in the formation of the neuronal cytoskeleton during mammalian development. From a phylogenetic viewpoint, zebrafish express inaa and inab as homologs of mammalian α-internexin. However, the distribution patterns of the inaa and inab proteins throughout zebrafish development have not been well-characterized. We generated antibodies specific for zebrafish inaa and inab and analyzed the distribution of these two proteins in developing zebrafish. Inaa was identified in the major subdivisions of embryonic and larval brains as early as 1 day postfertilization (dpf), including the telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum, and inab was also detected in the same regions from 3 dpf to the adult stage. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that inaa was distinctively expressed in the photoreceptor-like cells of the pineal gland, where inab was sparsely detected. Besides, the expression of inaa in male adult fish was found to be stable under different photoperiod conditions. Thus, we suggest that inaa is one of useful markers for studies of zebrafish cone photoreceptors not only in the retina but also in the pineal gland. In conclusion, we report that the distribution patterns of inaa and inab are phylogenetically conserved in the telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum. Moreover, inaa and inab had different expression patterns in the pineal gland and retina during zebrafish development. Both inaa and inab are neuronal IFs and their functional roles may be different in various aspects of zebrafish neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lin Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hau Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine for International Student, College of Medicine, I-Shou University (Yanchao Campus), Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Daphne Kan
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chien
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Early- and Late-Light Embryonic Stimulation Modulates Similarly Chicks’ Ability to Filter out Distractors. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kalisinska E, Bosiacka-Baranowska I, Lanocha N, Kosik-Bogacka D, Krolaczyk K, Wilk A, Kavetska K, Budis H, Gutowska I, Chlubek D. Fluoride concentrations in the pineal gland, brain and bone of goosander (Mergus merganser) and its prey in Odra River estuary in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2014; 36:1063-77. [PMID: 24744187 PMCID: PMC4213386 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate fluoride concentrations in bone, brain and pineal gland of goosander Mergus merganser wintering in the Odra estuary (Poland) as well as in fish originating from its digestive tract. The fluoride concentrations were determined with potentiometric method. Medians of concentrations in goosander had the highest and the lowest values in pineal gland and brain (>760 and <190 mg/kg, respectively). Fluoride concentration in the pineal gland was significantly greater than in the bone and the brain of the duck. In fish, the fluoride concentration ranged from 37 to 640 mg/kg and significant correlation was revealed between the fluoride concentration and fish weight and length. Based on own results and data of other authors, a daily fluoride intake by the goosander in the Odra estuary was estimated at 15 mg. So high fluoride concentrations like in the duck have not been found in mammal brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Kalisinska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Bosiacka-Baranowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Lanocha
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krolaczyk
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Parasites, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Doktora Judyma 10, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kavetska
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Parasites, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Doktora Judyma 10, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Halina Budis
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Singh NS, Dixit AS. Morphology and ultrastructural studies of pineal organ of the tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Micron 2014; 58:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Przybylska-Gornowicz B, Lewçzuk B, Prusik M, Kalicki M, Ziółkowska N. Morphological studies of the pineal gland in the common gull (Larus canus) reveal uncommon features of pinealocytes. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:673-85. [PMID: 22262668 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The avian pineal is a directly photosensory organ taking part in the organization of the circadian and seasonal rhythms. It plays an important role in regulation of many behavior and physiological phenomena including migration. The aim of the study was to investigate morphology of the pineal organ in the common gull (Larus canus). The light and electron microscopic studies were performed on the pineals of juvenile birds living in natural conditions of the Baltic Sea coast, which have been untreatably injured during strong storms in autumn and qualified for euthanasia. The investigated pineals consisted of a wide, triangular, superficially localized distal part and a narrow, elongated proximal part, attached via the choroid plexus to the intercommissural region of the diencephalon. The accessory pineal tissue was localized caudally to the choroid plexus. Based on the histological criteria, the organ was classified as the solid-follicular type. Two types of cells of fotoreceptory line were distinguished: rudimentary-receptor pinealocytes and secretory pinealocytes. Both types of cells were characterized by unusual features, which have been not previously described in avian pinealocytes: the presence of paracrystalline structures in the basal processes and their endings, the storage of glycogen in the form of large accumulations and the arrangement of mitochondria in clusters. Further studies on other species of wild water birds dwelling in condition of cold seas are necessary to explain if the described features of pinealocytes are specific for genus Larus, family Laridae or a larger group of water birds living in similar environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Przybylska-Gornowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Laurà R, Magnoli D, Zichichi R, Guerrera MC, De Carlos F, Suárez AÁ, Abbate F, Ciriaco E, Vega JA, Germanà A. The photoreceptive cells of the pineal gland in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:359-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jia L, Wang Z, Chen Y. Distribution and Cytoarchitecture of Sympathetic Neurons Innervating the Pineal Gland in Chick: A CTB-HRP Study. Anat Histol Embryol 2009; 38:76-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frank CL, Czirok SJ, Vincze C, Rácz G, Szél A, Vígh B. Autonomic nerves terminating on microvessels in the pineal organs of various submammalian vertebrates. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2005; 56:35-41. [PMID: 15813212 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.56.2005.1-2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In earlier works we have found that in the mammalian pineal organ, a part of autonomic nerves--generally thought to mediate light information from the retina--form vasomotor endings on smooth muscle cells of vessels. We supposed that they serve the vascular support for circadian and circannual periodic changes in the metabolic activity of the pineal tissue. In the present work, we investigated whether peripheral nerves present in the photoreceptive pineal organs of submammalians form similar terminals on microvessels. In the cyclostome, fish, amphibian, reptile and bird species investigated, autonomic nerves accompany vessels entering the arachnoidal capsule and interfollicular meningeal septa of the pineal organ. The autonomic nerves do not enter the pineal tissue proper but remain in the perivasal meningeal septa isolated by basal lamina. They are composed of unmyelinated and myelinated fibers and form terminals around arterioles, veins and capillaries. The terminals contain synaptic and granular vesicles. Comparing various vertebrates, more perivasal terminals were found in reptiles and birds than in the cyclostome, fish and amphibian pineal organs. Earlier, autonomic nerves of the pineal organs were predominantly investigated in connection with the innervation of pineal tissue. The perivasal terminals found in various submammalians show that a part of the pineal autonomic fibers are vasomotoric in nature, but the vasosensor function of some fibers cannot be excluded. We suppose that the vasomotor regulation of the pineal microvessels in the photosensory submamalian pineal--like in mammals--may serve the vascular support for circadian and circannual periodic changes in the metabolic activity of the pineal tissue. The higher number of perivasal terminals in reptiles and birds may correspond to the higher metabolic activity of the tissues in more differentiated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Frank
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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