1
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Hlaváčková K, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. Cytoskeleton as a roadmap navigating rhizobia to establish symbiotic root nodulation in legumes. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108263. [PMID: 37775072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Legumes enter into symbiotic associations with soil nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, culminating in the creation of new organs, root nodules. This complex process relies on chemical and physical interaction between legumes and rhizobia, including early signalling events informing the host legume plant of a potentially beneficial microbe and triggering the nodulation program. The great significance of this plant-microbe interaction rests upon conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen not accessible to plants into a biologically active form of ammonia available to plants. The plant cytoskeleton consists in a highly dynamic network and undergoes rapid remodelling upon sensing various developmental and environmental cues, including response to attachment, internalization, and accommodation of rhizobia in plant root and nodule cells. This dynamic nature is governed by cytoskeleton-associated proteins that modulate cytoskeletal behaviour depending on signal perception and transduction. Precisely localized cytoskeletal rearrangements are therefore essential for the uptake of rhizobia, their targeted delivery, and establishing beneficial root nodule symbiosis. This review summarizes current knowledge about rhizobia-dependent rearrangements and functions of the cytoskeleton in legume roots and nodules. General patterns and nodule type-, nodule stage-, and species-specific aspects of actin filaments and microtubules remodelling are discussed. Moreover, emerging evidence is provided about fine-tuning the root nodulation process through cytoskeleton-associated proteins. We also consider future perspectives on dynamic localization studies of the cytoskeleton during early symbiosis utilizing state of the art molecular and advanced microscopy approaches. Based on acquired detailed knowledge of the mutualistic interactions with microbes, these approaches could contribute to broader biotechnological crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hlaváčková
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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2
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Wang N, Zhang C, Wei X, Yan T, Zhou W, Zhang J, Kang H, Yuan Z, Chen X. Harnessing the power of optical microscopy for visualization and analysis of histopathological images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5451-5465. [PMID: 37854561 PMCID: PMC10581782 DOI: 10.1364/boe.501893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Histopathology is the foundation and gold standard for identifying diseases, and precise quantification of histopathological images can provide the pathologist with objective clues to make a more convincing diagnosis. Optical microscopy (OM), an important branch of optical imaging technology that provides high-resolution images of tissue cytology and structural morphology, has been used in the diagnosis of histopathology and evolved into a new disciplinary direction of optical microscopic histopathology (OMH). There are a number of ex-vivo studies providing applicability of different OMH approaches, and a transfer of these techniques toward in vivo diagnosis is currently in progress. Furthermore, combined with advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, OMH allows for improved diagnostic reliability and convenience due to the complementarity of retrieval information. In this review, we cover recent advances in OMH, including the exploration of new techniques in OMH as well as their applications, and look ahead to new challenges in OMH. These typical application examples well demonstrate the application potential and clinical value of OMH techniques in histopathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Tianyu Yan
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Huan Kang
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Inovation Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510555, China
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3
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Hortholary T, Carrion C, Chouzenoux E, Pesquet JC, Lefort C. Multiplex-multiphoton microscopy and computational strategy for biomedical imaging. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1553-1562. [PMID: 33491837 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the benefit of a novel laser strategy in multiphoton microscopy (MPM). The cheap, simple, and turn-key supercontinuum laser system with its spectral shaping module, constitutes an ideal approach for the one-shot microscopic imaging of many fluorophores without modification of the excitation parameters: central wavelength, spectral bandwidth, and average power. The polyvalence of the resulting multiplex-multiphoton microscopy (M-MPM) device is illustrated by images of many biomedical models from several origins (biological, medical, or vegetal), generated while keeping constant the spectral parameters of excitation. The resolution of the M-MPM device is quantified by a procedure of point-spread-function (PSF) assessment led by an original, robust, and reliable computational approach FIGARO. The estimated values for the PSF width for our M-MPM system are shown to be comparable to standard values found in optical microscopy. The simplification of the excitation system constitutes a significant instrumental progress in biomedical MPM, paving the way to the imaging of many fluorophores with a single shot of excitation without any modification of the lighting device. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: A new solution of multiplex-multiphoton microscopy device is shown, resting on a supercontinuum laser. The one-shot excitation device has imaged biomedical and vegetal models. Our original computational strategy measures usual microscopy resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hortholary
- CNRS UMR 7252, XLIM Research Institute, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.,ENS Cachan, Cachan, France
| | - Claire Carrion
- BISCEm, Microscopy core Facility Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Chouzenoux
- Center for Visual Computing, CentraleSupélec, INRIA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pesquet
- Center for Visual Computing, CentraleSupélec, INRIA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Lefort
- CNRS UMR 7252, XLIM Research Institute, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
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4
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Tichá M, Illésová P, Hrbáčková M, Basheer J, Novák D, Hlaváčková K, Šamajová O, Niehaus K, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. Tissue culture, genetic transformation, interaction with beneficial microbes, and modern bio-imaging techniques in alfalfa research. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1265-1280. [PMID: 32942912 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1814689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current research needs to be more focused on agronomical plants to effectively utilize the knowledge obtained from model plant species. Efforts to improve legumes have long employed common breeding tools. Recently, biotechnological approaches facilitated the development of improved legumes with new traits, allowing them to withstand climatic changes and biotic stress. Owing to its multiple uses and profits, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has become a prominent forage crop worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive research summary of tissue culture-based genetic transformation methods, which could be exploited for the development of transgenic alfalfa with agronomically desirable traits. Moreover, advanced bio-imaging approaches, including cutting-edge microscopy and phenotyping, are outlined here. Finally, characterization and the employment of beneficial microbes should help to produce biotechnologically improved and sustainable alfalfa cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tichá
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Illésová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Hrbáčková
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jasim Basheer
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Novák
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hlaváčková
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology - CeBiTec, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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5
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Volz P, Brodwolf R, Zoschke C, Haag R, Schäfer-Korting M, Alexiev U. White-Light Supercontinuum Laser-Based Multiple Wavelength Excitation for TCSPC-FLIM of Cutaneous Nanocarrier Uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2017-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We report here on a custom-built time-correlated single photon-counting (TCSPC)-based fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) setup with a continuously tunable white-light supercontinuum laser combined with acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTF) as an excitation source for simultaneous excitation of multiple spectrally separated fluorophores. We characterized the wavelength dependence of the white-light supercontinuum laser pulse properties and demonstrated the performance of the FLIM setup, aiming to show the experimental setup in depth together with a biomedical application. We herein summarize the physical-technical parameters as well as our approach to map the skin uptake of nanocarriers using FLIM with a resolution compared to spectroscopy. As an example, we focus on the penetration study of indocarbocyanine-labeled dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers (CMS-ICC) into reconstructed human epidermis. Unique fluorescence lifetime signatures of indocarbocyanine-labeled nanocarriers indicate nanocarrier-tissue interactions within reconstructed human epidermis, bringing FLIM close to spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Volz
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute – Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Kantstr. 55 , 14513 Teltow , Germany
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology) , Freie Universität Berlin , Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute – Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Kantstr. 55 , 14513 Teltow , Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute – Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Kantstr. 55 , 14513 Teltow , Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology) , Freie Universität Berlin , Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Institute of Experimental Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute – Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht , Kantstr. 55 , 14513 Teltow , Germany
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6
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Wegner KA, Keikhosravi A, Eliceiri KW, Vezina CM. Fluorescence of Picrosirius Red Multiplexed With Immunohistochemistry for the Quantitative Assessment of Collagen in Tissue Sections. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:479-490. [PMID: 28692327 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417718541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The low cost and simplicity of picrosirius red (PSR) staining have driven its popularity for collagen detection in tissue sections. We extended the versatility of this method by using fluorescent imaging to detect the PSR signal and applying automated quantification tools. We also developed the first PSR protocol that is fully compatible with multiplex immunostaining, making it possible to test whether collagen structure differs across immunohistochemically labeled regions of the tissue landscape. We compared our imaging method with two gold standards in collagen imaging, linear polarized light microscopy and second harmonic generation imaging, and found that it is at least as sensitive and robust to changes in sample orientation. As proof of principle, we used a genetic approach to overexpress beta catenin in a patchy subset of mouse prostate epithelial cells distinguished only by immunolabeling. We showed that collagen fiber length is significantly greater near beta catenin overexpressing cells than near control cells. Our fluorescent PSR imaging method is sensitive, reproducible, and offers a new way to guide region of interest selection for quantifying collagen in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Wegner
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW).,George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW, CMV, KWE)
| | - Adib Keikhosravi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (AK, KWE), Madison, Wisconsin.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin (KWE).,Comprehensive Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KWE).,George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW, CMV, KWE)
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences (CMV), Madison, Wisconsin.,George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (KAW, CMV, KWE)
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7
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Pathrose BP, Nampoori V, Radhakrishnan P, Mujeeb A. Solvent effect on the femtosecond laser induced two-photon emission from Rhodamine 6G. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Chen H, Chen SP, Jiang ZF, Yin K, Hou J. All-fiberized synchronously pumped 1120 nm picosecond Raman laser with flexible output dynamics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:24088-24096. [PMID: 26368500 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A largely simplified and highly efficient all-fiber-based synchronously pumping scheme is proposed. The synchronization between pump light and the cavity round-trip can be achieved by adjusting the repetition rate of pumping light without the requirement of altering the cavity length. Based on this scheme, we achieved generating narrow linewidth highly efficient 1120 nm pulse directly from an all-fiber Raman cavity. By pump repetition rate detuning and pump duration adjustment, the duration of the 1120 nm pulse can be widely tuned from 18 ps to ~1 ns, and the repetition rate can be adjusted from 12.41 MHz to 99.28 MHz by harmonic pumping. Up to 4.3 W high power operation is verified based on this scheme. Owing to the compact all-fiber configuration, the conversion efficiency of the 1066 nm pump light to the 1120 nm Stokes light exceeds 80% and the overall conversion efficiency (976 nm-1066 nm-1120 nm) is as high as 53.7%. The nonlinear output dynamics of the Raman laser are comprehensively explored. Two distinct operation regimes are investigated and characterized.
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9
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Murtagh M, Lin J, Mildren RP, Spence DJ. Ti:sapphire-pumped diamond Raman laser with sub-100-fs pulse duration. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:2975-8. [PMID: 24978251 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a synchronously pumped femtosecond diamond Raman laser operating at 895 nm with a 33% slope efficiency. Pumped using a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser at 800 nm with a duration of 170 fs, the bandwidth of the Stokes output is broadened and chirped to enable subsequent pulse compression to 95 fs using a prism pair. Modeling results indicate that self-phase modulation drives the broadening of the Stokes spectrum in this highly transient laser. Our results demonstrate the potential for Raman conversion to extend the wavelength coverage and pulse shorten Ti:sapphire lasers.
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10
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Confocal microscopy on the Internet. Methods Mol Biol 2014. [PMID: 24052347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-847-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In a few short years, the Internet (in terms of the World Wide Web) has become a powerful informational resource for the original scientific literature pertaining to biological investigations using the laser scanning confocal microscope. However, there still remains an obvious void in the development of educational Web sites targeted at beginning students and novices in the field. Furthermore, many of the commercial aftermarket manufacturers (for example, those offering live-cell imaging chambers) have Web sites that are not adequately represented in published compilations, and are therefore somewhat difficult to locate. In order to address this issue, several educational sites dedicated to optical microscopy and digital imaging that are being constructed and hosted at The Florida State University are currently turning their attention to the increasing application of confocal microscopy in the biological and materials sciences. The primary focus of this effort is to create new sections on the existing sites that address the important educational issues in confocal microscopy, as well as creating indices of links to both the confocal scientific literature and the Web sites of manufacturers who supply useful accessories.
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He B, Wu JP, Kirk TB, Carrino JA, Xiang C, Xu J. High-resolution measurements of the multilayer ultra-structure of articular cartilage and their translational potential. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:205. [PMID: 24946278 PMCID: PMC4061724 DOI: 10.1186/ar4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current musculoskeletal imaging techniques usually target the macro-morphology of
articular cartilage or use histological analysis. These techniques are able to reveal
advanced osteoarthritic changes in articular cartilage but fail to give detailed
information to distinguish early osteoarthritis from healthy cartilage, and this
necessitates high-resolution imaging techniques measuring cells and the extracellular
matrix within the multilayer structure of articular cartilage. This review provides a
comprehensive exploration of the cellular components and extracellular matrix of
articular cartilage as well as high-resolution imaging techniques, including magnetic
resonance image, electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, second
harmonic generation microscopy, and laser scanning confocal arthroscopy, in the
measurement of multilayer ultra-structures of articular cartilage. This review also
provides an overview for micro-structural analysis of the main components of normal
or osteoarthritic cartilage and discusses the potential and challenges associated
with developing non-invasive high-resolution imaging techniques for both research and
clinical diagnosis of early to late osteoarthritis.
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12
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Roth PW, Burns D, Kemp AJ. Power scaling of a directly diode-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:20629-20634. [PMID: 23037110 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.020629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in the output power of a directly GaN diode-laser-pumped Ti:Al2O3 laser are achieved by using double-sided pumping. In continuous wave operation, an output power of 159 mW is reported. A tuning range of over 125 nm with output powers in excess of 100 mW is achieved. Pulses of 111 fs duration and an average power of 101 mW are demonstrated by mode locking the laser with a saturable Bragg reflector. Pumping with GaN diode lasers at wavelengths around 450 nm induces an additional parasitic crystal loss of about 1% per resonator roundtrip that is not observed at the conventional green pump wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Roth
- Institute of Photonics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, Scotland, UK.
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13
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Aviles-Espinosa R, Filippidis G, Hamilton C, Malcolm G, Weingarten KJ, Südmeyer T, Barbarin Y, Keller U, Santos SI, Artigas D, Loza-Alvarez P. Compact ultrafast semiconductor disk laser: targeting GFP based nonlinear applications in living organisms. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:739-47. [PMID: 21483599 PMCID: PMC3072117 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a portable ultrafast Semiconductor Disk Laser (SDL) (or vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser-VECSELs), to be used for nonlinear microscopy. The SDL is modelocked using a quantum-dot semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), delivering an average output power of 287 mW, with 1.5 ps pulses at 500 MHz and a central wavelength of 965 nm. Specifically, despite the fact of having long pulses and high repetition rates, we demonstrate the potential of this laser for Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) imaging of in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in a set of neuronal processes and cell bodies. Efficient TPEF imaging is achieved due to the fact that this wavelength matches the peak of the two-photon action cross section of this widely used fluorescent marker. The SDL extended versatility is shown by presenting Second Harmonic Generation images of pharynx, uterus, body wall muscles and its potential to be used to excite other different commercial dyes. Importantly this non-expensive, turn-key, compact laser system could be used as a platform to develop portable nonlinear bio-imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aviles-Espinosa
- ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Mediterranean Technology Park, Av. Canal Olimpic s/n, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - George Filippidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Craig Hamilton
- M Squared Lasers Ltd, 1 Technology Terrace, Todd Campus, West of Scotland Science Park Maryhill Road Glasgow G20 0XA, Scotland, UK
- Solus Technologies Limited, 1 Technology Terrace, Todd Campus, West of Scotland Science Park, Maryhill Road, Glasgow G20 0XA, Scotland, UK
| | - Graeme Malcolm
- M Squared Lasers Ltd, 1 Technology Terrace, Todd Campus, West of Scotland Science Park Maryhill Road Glasgow G20 0XA, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Thomas Südmeyer
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yohan Barbarin
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Keller
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susana I.C.O Santos
- ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Mediterranean Technology Park, Av. Canal Olimpic s/n, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - David Artigas
- ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Mediterranean Technology Park, Av. Canal Olimpic s/n, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Department of signal theory and communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO - The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Mediterranean Technology Park, Av. Canal Olimpic s/n, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
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14
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Sharafutdinova G, Holdsworth J, van Helden D. Improved field scanner incorporating parabolic optics. Part 2: Experimental verification and potential for volume scanning. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:5517-27. [PMID: 20935697 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.005517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the experimental performance of an afocal scan engine employing two off-axis parabolic reflectors and it was found not to introduce astigmatism when compared to a freely propagated beam. The performance of the new afocal engine is very similar to an ideal single-mirror scan engine in terms of spot size and beam spot profile (or point spread function) and has an improved flatness of field over other two-dimensional laser scan engines. The parabolic scan engine is contrasted with a comparable spherical mirror arrangement and found to produce superior performance at the intermediate image plane when focused through a scan lens. Further modeling and experimentation point toward volume scanning applications. The significant performance improvement provided by this design, now verified experimentally, will result in superior image quality for fast scanning confocal and two-photon microscopy in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galiya Sharafutdinova
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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15
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Granados E, Spence DJ. Pulse compression in synchronously pumped mode locked Raman lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:20422-20427. [PMID: 20940934 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We explain a pulse compression mechanism reported in picosecond Raman lasers pumped by continuous trains of mode-locked pulses. Our theoretical model is based on transient Raman scattering equations, and shows good agreement with the experimental results. The model reveals that the compression effect is produced by a combination of group velocity walk-off and strong pump pulse depletion. We predict the possibilities and the limitations of this technique for constructing highly efficient, low cost, ultrafast Raman lasers in the visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Granados
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics & Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
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Robinson I, Ochsenkühn MA, Campbell CJ, Giraud G, Hossack WJ, Arlt J, Crain J. Intracellular imaging of host-pathogen interactions using combined CARS and two-photon fluorescence microscopies. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:138-46. [PMID: 19670191 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200910054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular imaging is a key tool in the investigation of host-pathogen interactions. Advances in this area are particularly sought to understand the effect of viral infection processes on the host cell and its metabolic functions including those cases where host cell lipid metabolism is modulated as a result of infection. We demonstrate the use of combined coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and two-photon fluorescence microscopies to image fibroblast cells infected by cytomegalovirus. CARS is used to image the host cell membrane, lipid droplets and morphology of the nucleus. Cell nuclei are found to expand during infection, approximately doubling in area. Some cells also show accumulations of lipid droplets at the nuclear periphery. Using a genetically modified virus strain expressing the green fluorescent protein also enables two-photon imaging of the same cells to reveal the location, nature and extent of viral protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Robinson
- Collaborative Optical Spectroscopy, Micromanipulation and Imaging Centre COSMIC, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK.
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Granados E, Pask HM, Esposito E, McConnell G, Spence DJ. Multi-wavelength, all-solid-state, continuous wave mode locked picosecond Raman laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:5289-5294. [PMID: 20389541 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.005289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the operation of a cascaded continuous wave (CW) mode-locked Raman oscillator. The output pulses were compressed from 28 ps at 532 nm down to 6.5 ps at 559 nm (first Stokes) and 5.5 ps at 589 nm (second Stokes). The maximum output was 2.5 W at 559 nm and 1.4 W at 589 nm with slope efficiencies up to 52%. This technique allows simple and efficient generation of short-pulse radiation to the cascaded Stokes wavelengths, extending the mode-locked operation of Raman lasers to a wider range of visible wavelengths between 500 - 650 nm based on standard inexpensive picosecond Nd:YAG oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Granados
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Engineering, Macquarie University, 2109 New South Wales, Australia.
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Spence DJ, Granados E, Mildren RP. Mode-locked picosecond diamond Raman laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:556-558. [PMID: 20160816 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a mode-locked diamond Raman laser synchronously pumped by a mode-locked laser running at 532 nm and pulse duration 26 ps. The diamond laser generated up to 2.2 W of average power with output pulses of duration 21 ps at a yellow wavelength of 573 nm. The output pulse duration varied notably with small changes in cavity length and decreased to a minimum of 9 ps. The power and pulse duration behavior as a function of cavity length is explained well by a model that includes phonon dephasing and group velocity dispersion of the pump and Stokes fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Spence
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Granados E, Pask HM, Spence DJ. Synchronously pumped continuous-wave mode-locked yellow Raman laser at 559 nm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:569-574. [PMID: 19158869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the operation of a continuous-wave (CW) picosecond yellow laser operating at 559 nm. A solid-state Raman laser using a KGW crystal was synchronously pumped by an 80 MHz laser operating at 532 nm. The output pulses were compressed from 10 ps at 532 nm down to 3.2 ps at 559 nm, strongly depending on the cavity length detuning. Slope efficiencies up to 42% were observed when the system was optimized for maximum output power. This technique can be extended to a range of visible wavelengths between 550-600 nm by using different Raman materials, and by cascaded conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Granados
- MQ Photonics, Department of Physics, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Sakadzić S, Demirbas U, Mempel TR, Moore A, Ruvinskaya S, Boas DA, Sennaroglu A, Kaertner FX, Fujimoto JG. Multi-photon microscopy with a low-cost and highly efficient Cr:LiCAF laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:20848-63. [PMID: 19065223 PMCID: PMC2689708 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.020848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) is a powerful tool for biomedical imaging, enabling molecular contrast and integrated structural and functional imaging on the cellular and subcellular level. However, the cost and complexity of femtosecond laser sources that are required in MPM are significant hurdles to widespread adoption of this important imaging modality. In this work, we describe femtosecond diode pumped Cr:LiCAF laser technology as a low cost alternative to femtosecond Ti:Sapphire lasers for MPM. Using single mode pump diodes which cost only $150 each, a diode pumped Cr:LiCAF laser generates approximately 70-fs duration, 1.8-nJ pulses at approximately 800 nm wavelengths, with a repetition rate of 100 MHz and average output power of 180 mW. Representative examples of MPM imaging in neuroscience, immunology, endocrinology and cancer research using Cr:LiCAF laser technology are presented. These studies demonstrate the potential of this laser source for use in a broad range of MPM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sava Sakadzić
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinuola A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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McConnell G. Optimizing laser source operation for confocal and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CYTOMETRY 2008; Chapter 2:Unit2.13. [PMID: 18770839 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0213s38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) are methods both widely used by life-sciences researchers for imaging fluorescently labeled live cells and fixed tissue specimens. Key to the success of both CLSM and MPLSM is the application of a suitable laser source, namely one that provides sufficient average or peak power at the correct wavelength to excite fluorescence. High stability of the laser source output is required for three-dimensional imaging, time-lapse studies of live cells, and quantitative studies and inter-experiment comparisons. The laser technology associated with the design of such lasers is mature, yet is unfortunately rather complex. This complexity can be off-putting for the life-sciences researcher who needs to optimize the system for the best possible images, but this apprehension can be overcome by understanding the function of the system components. This unit summarizes the optimization of the most commonly used laser sources for CLSM and MPLSM, including power and wavelength tuning and methods for cleaning optical components.
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McConnell G. Nonlinear optical microscopy at wavelengths exceeding 1.4 microm using a synchronously pumped femtosecond-pulsed optical parametric oscillator. Phys Med Biol 2007; 52:717-24. [PMID: 17228116 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/3/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A singly resonant femtosecond-pulsed synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) is reported that provides a wavelength-tunable alternative to the Cr:forsterite source for nonlinear microscopy applications. Periodically poled lithium niobate within an external resonator was synchronously pumped by a commercial fs-pulsed Nd:YLF laser source to provide fs-pulsed continuously tunable radiation from 1.45 to 1.63 microm. Third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy and three-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (3PLSM) of a range of samples were subsequently performed using this long-wavelength SPOPO source. The ability to tune the excitation wavelength delivered to the sample significantly improved the efficiency of both the 3PLSM and THG imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McConnell
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, UK.
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Diaspro A, Bianchini P, Vicidomini G, Faretta M, Ramoino P, Usai C. Multi-photon excitation microscopy. Biomed Eng Online 2006; 5:36. [PMID: 16756664 PMCID: PMC1550243 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-5-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-photon excitation (MPE) microscopy plays a growing role among microscopical techniques utilized for studying biological matter. In conjunction with confocal microscopy it can be considered the imaging workhorse of life science laboratories. Its roots can be found in a fundamental work written by Maria Goeppert Mayer more than 70 years ago. Nowadays, 2PE and MPE microscopes are expected to increase their impact in areas such biotechnology, neurobiology, embryology, tissue engineering, materials science where imaging can be coupled to the possibility of using the microscopes in an active way, too. As well, 2PE implementations in noninvasive optical bioscopy or laser-based treatments point out to the relevance in clinical applications. Here we report about some basic aspects related to the phenomenon, implications in three-dimensional imaging microscopy, practical aspects related to design and realization of MPE microscopes, and we only give a list of potential applications and variations on the theme in order to offer a starting point for advancing new applications and developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diaspro
- LAMBS-MicroScoBio Research Center, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IFOM The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- CNR- National Research Council, Institute of Biophysics, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- LAMBS-MicroScoBio Research Center, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vicidomini
- LAMBS-MicroScoBio Research Center, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Mario Faretta
- IFOM-IEO Consortium for Oncogenomics European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ramoino
- DIPTERIS – Department for the Study of the Territory and its Resources, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- CNR- National Research Council, Institute of Biophysics, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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