1
|
Morgan KA, Rudd SE, Noor A, Donnelly PS. Theranostic Nuclear Medicine with Gallium-68, Lutetium-177, Copper-64/67, Actinium-225, and Lead-212/203 Radionuclides. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12004-12035. [PMID: 37796539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular changes in malignant tissue can lead to an increase in the expression levels of various proteins or receptors that can be used to target the disease. In oncology, diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy of tumors is possible by attaching an appropriate radionuclide to molecules that selectively bind to these target proteins. The term "theranostics" describes the use of a diagnostic tool to predict the efficacy of a therapeutic option. Molecules radiolabeled with γ-emitting or β+-emitting radionuclides can be used for diagnostic imaging using single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography. Radionuclide therapy of disease sites is possible with either α-, β-, or Auger-emitting radionuclides that induce irreversible damage to DNA. This Focus Review centers on the chemistry of theranostic approaches using metal radionuclides for imaging and therapy. The use of tracers that contain β+-emitting gallium-68 and β-emitting lutetium-177 will be discussed in the context of agents in clinical use for the diagnostic imaging and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer. A particular emphasis is then placed on the chemistry involved in the development of theranostic approaches that use copper-64 for imaging and copper-67 for therapy with functionalized sarcophagine cage amine ligands. Targeted therapy with radionuclides that emit α particles has potential to be of particular use in late-stage disease where there are limited options, and the role of actinium-225 and lead-212 in this area is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the challenges that impede further adoption of radiotheranostic concepts while highlighting exciting opportunities and prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong H, Zha Z, Zhao R, Luo Y, Jin W, Li L, Wang R, Yan L, Wang H, Ploessl K, Qiao J, Zhu L, Kung HF. [ 68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-FAPI Derivatives with Improved Radiolabeling and Specific Tumor Uptake. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2159-2169. [PMID: 36942924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is selectively expressed in tumors and highly important for maintaining the microenvironment in malignant tumors. Radioisotope-labeled FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) were proven to be useful for diagnosis and radionuclide therapy of cancer and are under active clinical investigations. Ga-HBED complex displays a higher in vivo stability constant (log KGaL: 38.5), compared to that of Ga-DOTA (log KGaL: 21.3). Such advantage in stability constant suggests that it may be useful for development of alternative FAPI imaging agents. In this study, previously reported [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-02 and -04 were converted to the corresponding [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-FAPI-02 and -04 derivatives ([68Ga]Ga-4, [68Ga]Ga-5, [68Ga]Ga-6, and [68Ga]Ga-7). It was found that substituting the DOTA chelating group with HBED-CC led to several unique and desirable tumor-targeting properties: (1) robust, fast, and high yield labeling─readily adaptable to a kit formulation; (2) high stabilities in vitro; (3) excellent FAP binding affinities (IC50 ranging between 4 and 7 nM) and improved cell uptake and retention (in HT1080 (FAP+) cells); and (4) excellent selective in vivo tumor uptake in nude mice bearing U87MG tumor. It appeared that Ga(III) chelation with HBED-CC improved the in vivo kinetics favoring higher tumor uptake and retention compared to the corresponding Ga-DOTA complex. Out of the four tested ligands the new [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-FAPI dimer, [68Ga]Ga-6, displayed the best tumor localization properties, and further studies are warranted to demonstrate that it is an alternative FAP imaging agent for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Velikyan I, Bossart M, Haack T, Laitinen I, Estrada S, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Wagner M, Eriksson O. Imaging of the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Using a Novel Radiolabeled Peptide Rationally Designed Based on Endogenous GIP and Synthetic Exendin-4 Sequences. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010061. [PMID: 36678558 PMCID: PMC9864903 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging and radiotherapy targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) could potentially benefit the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), complementing clinically established radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate a GIPR-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with receptor-specific binding, fast blood clearance, and low liver background uptake. The peptide DOTA-bioconjugate, C803-GIP, was developed based on the sequence of the endogenous GIP(1-30) and synthetic exendin-4 peptides with selective amino acid mutations to combine their specificity for the GIPR and in vivo stability, respectively. The 68Ga-labeled bioconjugate was evaluated in vitro in terms of binding affinity, specificity, and internalization in HEK293 cells transfected with the human GIPR, GLP1, or GCG receptors and in sections of human insulinoma and NENs. In vivo binding specificity, biodistribution, and tissue background were investigated in mice bearing huGIPR-HEK293 xenografts and in a pig. Ex vivo organ distribution, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry were studied in normal rats. [68Ga]Ga-C803-GIP was stable and demonstrated a high affinity to the huGIPR-HEK293 cells. Binding specificity was demonstrated in vitro in frozen sections of NENs and huGIPR-HEK293 cells. No specific uptake was observed in the negative controls of huGLP1R and huGCGR cells. A novel rationally designed PET radioligand, [68Ga]Ga-C803-GIP, demonstrated promising binding characteristics and specificity towards the GIPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
- PET Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (M.B.); Tel.: +46-(0)70-4834137 (I.V.)
| | - Martin Bossart
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (M.B.); Tel.: +46-(0)70-4834137 (I.V.)
| | - Torsten Haack
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Estrada
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michael Wagner
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Automated GMP Production and Preclinical Evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [ 68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122695. [PMID: 36559188 PMCID: PMC9783202 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
[68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA are two novel radiotracers suitable for functional PET liver imaging. Due to their specific liver uptake and biliary excretion, the tracers may be applied for segmental liver function quantification, gall tree imaging and the differential diagnosis of liver nodules. The purpose of this study was to investigate problems that occurred initially during the development of the GMP compliant synthesis procedure and to evaluate the tracers in a preclinical model. After low radiolabeling yields were attributed to precursor instability at high temperatures, an optimized radiolabeling procedure was established. Quality controls were in accordance with Ph. Eur. requirements and gave compliant results, although the method for the determination of the 68Ga colloid is partially inhibited due to the presence of a radioactive by-product. The determination of logP revealed [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA (ethoxy bearing) to be more lipophilic than [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA (methoxy bearing). Accordingly, biodistribution studies in an in ovo model showed a higher liver uptake for [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA. In dynamic in ovo PET imaging, rapid tracer accumulation in the liver was observed. Similarly, the activity in the intestines rose steadily within the first hour p.i., indicating biliary excretion. As [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA can be prepared according to GMP guidelines, transition into the early clinical phase is now possible.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lepareur N. Cold Kit Labeling: The Future of 68Ga Radiopharmaceuticals? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:812050. [PMID: 35223907 PMCID: PMC8869247 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.812050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, gallium-68 (68Ga) has gained a formidable interest for PET molecular imaging of various conditions, from cancer to infection, through cardiac pathologies or neuropathies. It has gained routine use, with successful radiopharmaceuticals such as somatostatin analogs ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC and [68Ga]GaDOTATATE) for neuroendocrine tumors, and PSMA ligands for prostate cancer. It represents a major clinical impact, particularly in the context of theranostics, coupled with their 177Lu-labeled counterparts. Beside those, a bunch of new 68Ga-labeled molecules are in the preclinical and clinical pipelines, with some of them showing great promise for patient care. Increasing clinical demand and regulatory issues have led to the development of automated procedures for the production of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. However, the widespread use of these radiopharmaceuticals may rely on simple and efficient radiolabeling methods, undemanding in terms of equipment and infrastructure. To make them technically and economically accessible to the medical community and its patients, it appears mandatory to develop a procedure similar to the well-established kit-based 99mTc chemistry. Already available commercial kits for the production of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals have demonstrated the feasibility of using such an approach, thus paving the way for more kit-based 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals to be developed. This article discusses the development of 68Ga cold kit radiopharmacy, including technical issues, and regulatory aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lepareur
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inrae, Inserm, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qian R, Jing B, Jiang D, Gai Y, Zhu Z, Huang X, Gao Y, Lan X, An R. Multi-antitumor therapy and synchronous imaging monitoring based on exosome. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2668-2681. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
7
|
Guo R, Meng X, Wang F, Yu J, Xie Q, Zhao W, Zhu L, Kung HF, Yang Z, Li N. 68Ga-P15-041, A Novel Bone Imaging Agent for Diagnosis of Bone Metastases. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766851. [PMID: 34900716 PMCID: PMC8654731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives 68Ga-P15-041 (68Ga-HBED-CC-BP) is a novel bone-seeking PET radiotracer, which can be readily prepared by using a simple kit formulation and an in-house 68Ga/68Ge generator. The aim of this study is to assess the potential human application of 68Ga-P15-041 for clinical PET/CT imaging and to compare its efficacy to detect bone metastases of different cancers with 99mTc-MDP whole-body bone scintigraphy (WBBS). Methods Initial kinetic study using Patlak analysis and parametric maps were performed in five histopathologically proven cancer patients (three males, two females) using 68Ga-P15-041 PET/CT scan only. Another group of 51 histopathologically proven cancer patients (22 males, 29 females) underwent both 99mTc-MDP WBBS and 68Ga-P15-041 PET/CT scans within a week, sequentially. Using either pathology examination or follow-up CT or MRI scans as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the two methods in identifying bone metastases were compared (p <0.05, statistically significant). Results Fifty-one patients were imaged, and 174 bone metastatic sites were identified. 68Ga-P15-041 PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP WBBS detected 162 and 81 metastases, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 68Ga-P15-041 PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP WBBS were 93.1% vs 81.8%, 89.8% vs 90.7%, 77.5% vs 69.2%, 97.2% vs 93.4% and 90.7% vs 88.4%, respectively. Our results showed that the mean of SUVmax was significantly higher in metastases than that in benign lesions, 15.1 ± 6.9 vs. 5.6 ± 1.3 (P <0.001). Using SUVmax = 7.6 as the cut-off value by PET/CT, it was possible to predict the occurrence of metastases (AUC = 0.976; P <0.001; 95% CI: 0.946–0.999). However, it was impossible to distinguish osteoblastic bone metastases from osteolytic bone lesions. Parametric maps based on Patlak analysis provided excellent images and highly valuable quantitative information. Conclusions 68Ga-P15-041 PET/CT, offering a rapid bone scan and high contrast images in minutes, is superior to the current method of choice in detecting bone metastases. It is reasonable to suggest that 68Ga-P15-041 PET/CT could become a valuable routine nuclear medicine procedure in providing excellent images for detecting bone metastases in cancer patients. 68Ga-P15-041 could become a valuable addition expanding the collection of 68Ga-based routine nuclear medicine procedures where 18F fluoride is not currently available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education, Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baudhuin H, Van Bockstal PJ, De Beer T, Vaneycken I, Bridoux J, Raes G, Caveliers V, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Xavier C. Lyophilization of NOTA-sdAbs: First step towards a cold diagnostic kit for 68Ga-labeling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:194-204. [PMID: 34186190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilization is commonly used in the production of pharmaceutical compounds to increase the stability of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) by removing solvents. This study investigates the possibility to lyophilize an anti-HER2 and an anti-MMR single-domain antibody fragment (sdAb)-based precursor as a first step in the development of a diagnostic kit for PET imaging. METHODS NOTA-sdAb precursors have been lyophilized with the following formulation: 100 µg NOTA-sdAb in 0.1 M NaOAc (NaOAc), 5% (w/v%) mannitol-sucrose mix at a 2:1 ratio and 0.1 mg/mL polysorbate 80. During development of the formulation and drying cycle, factors such as cake appearance, glass transition temperature and residual moisture were analyzed to ensure qualitative and stable lyophilized samples. Stability studies of lyophilized precursor were conducted up to 18 months after storage at 2-8 °C by evaluating the precursor integrity, aggregation, functionality and 68Ga-labeling efficiency. A comparative biodistribution study (lyophilized vs non-lyophilized precursor) was conducted in wild type mice (n = 3) and in tumor bearing mice (n = 6). RESULTS The lyophilized NOTA-anti-HER2 precursor shows consistent stability data in vitro for up to 12 months at 2-8 °C in three separate batches, with results indicating stability even for up to T18m. No aggregation, degradation or activity loss was observed. Radiochemical purity after 68Ga-labeling is consistent over a period of 12 months (RCP ≥ 95% at T12m). In vivo biodistribution analyses show a typical [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-HER2 sdAb distribution profile and a comparable tumor uptake for the lyophilized compound vs non-lyophilized (5.5% vs 5.7 %IA/g, respectively). In vitro results of lyophilized NOTA-anti-MMR precursor indicates stability for up to 18 months, while in vivo data show a comparable tumor uptake (2.5% vs 2.8 %IA/g, respectively) and no significant difference in kidney retention (49.4% vs 47.5 %IA/g, respectively). CONCLUSION A formulation and specific freeze-drying cycle were successfully developed to lyophilize NOTA-sdAb precursors for long-term storage at 2-8 °C. In vivo data show no negative impact of the lyophilization process on the in vivo behavior or functionality of the lyophilized precursor. These results highlight the potential to develop a kit for the preparation of 68Ga-sdAb-based radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Baudhuin
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pieter-Jan Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ilse Vaneycken
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jessica Bridoux
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Catarina Xavier
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farn SS, Chang KW, Lin WC, Yu HM, Lin KL, Tseng YC, Chang Y, Yu CS, Lin WJ. Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Preliminary in vivo Evaluation of [ 68Ga] IPCAT-NOTA as an Imaging Agent for Dopamine Transporter. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2577-2591. [PMID: 34168430 PMCID: PMC8216701 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s288600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Novel radiotracer development for imaging dopamine transporters is a subject of interest because although [99mTc]TRODAT-1, [123I]β-CIT, and [123I]FP-CIT are commercially available; 99Mo/99mTc generator is in short supply and 123I production is highly dependent on compact cyclotron. Therefore, we designed a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer based on a tropane derivative through C-2 modification to conjugate NOTA for chelating 68Ga, a radioisotope derived from a 68Ge/68Ga generator. Methods IPCAT-NOTA 22 was synthesized and labeled with [68Ga]GaCl4− at room temperature. Biological studies on serum stability, LogP, and in vitro autoradiography (binding assay and competitive assay) were performed. Furthermore, ex vivo autoradiography, biodistribution, and dynamic PET imaging studies were performed in Sprague Dawley rats. Results [68Ga]IPCAT-NOTA 24 obtained had a radiochemical yield of ≥90% and a specific activity of 4.25 MBq/nmol. [68Ga]IPCAT-NOTA 24 of 85% radiochemical purity (RCP%) was stable at 37°C for up to 60 minutes in serum with a lipophilicity of 0.88. The specific binding ratio (SBR%) reached 15.8 ± 6.7 at 60 minutes, and the 85% specific uptake could be blocked through co-injection at 100- and 1000-fold of the cold precursor in in vitro binding studies. Tissue regional distribution studies in rats with [68Ga]IPCAT-NOTA 24 showed striatal uptake (0.02% at 5 minutes and 0.007% at 60 minutes) with SBR% of 6%, 25%, and 62% at 5–15, 30–40, and 60–70 minutes, respectively, in NanoPET studies. The RCP% of [68Ga]IPCAT-NOTA 24 at 30 minutes in vivo remained 67.65%. Conclusion Data described here provide new information on the design of PET probe of conjugate/pendent approach for DAT imaging. Another chelator or another direct method of intracranial injection must be used to prove the relation between [68Ga]IPCAT-NOTA 24 uptake and transporter localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Shiow Farn
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Wei Chang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chi Lin
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Man Yu
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Liang Lin
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Tseng
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wuu-Jyh Lin
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leonte RA, Chilug LE, Șerban R, Mustăciosu C, Raicu A, Manda G, Niculae D. Preparation and Preliminary Evaluation of Neurotensin Radiolabelled with 68Ga and 177Lu as Potential Theranostic Agent for Colon Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040506. [PMID: 33917046 PMCID: PMC8067721 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotensin is a tridecapeptide involved in the proliferation of colon cancer, the overexpression of neurotensin receptors occurring at an early stage development of many tumours. Targeting neurotensin receptors by using the same biological active molecule is an effective approach for both imaging quantification and treatment. The present work aimed to demonstrate the ability of radiolabelled neurotensin to specifically target colon cancer cells, and substantiate its usefulness in targeted imaging and radiotherapy, depending on the emission of the coupled radioisotope. Syntheses of 68Ga–DOTA–NT and 177Lu–DOTA–NT were developed to obtain a level of quality suitable for preclinical use with consistent high synthesis yields. Radiochemical purity meets the pharmaceutical requirements, and it is maintained 4 h for 68Ga–DOTA–NT and 48 h for 177Lu–DOTA–NT. Extensive in vitro studies were conducted to assess the uptake and retention of 68Ga–DOTA–NT, the amount of non-specific binding of neurotensin and the effect of 177Lu–DOTA–NT on HT–29 cells. In vivo biodistribution of 68Ga–DOTA–NT revealed significant uptake at the tumour site, along with fast clearance evidenced by decreasing activity in kidneys and blood after 60 min p.i. 177Lu–DOTA–NT exhibited similar uptake in the tumour, but also a significant uptake at 14 days p.i. in the bone marrow was reported. These results successfully demonstrated the potential of neurotensin to deliver imaging/therapeutic 68Ga/177Lu radioisotopes pair, but also the need for further evaluation of the possible radiotoxicity effects on the liver, kidneys or bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radu Anton Leonte
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Centre, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (R.A.L.); (R.Ș.); (C.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Livia Elena Chilug
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Centre, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (R.A.L.); (R.Ș.); (C.M.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.E.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Radu Șerban
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Centre, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (R.A.L.); (R.Ș.); (C.M.); (A.R.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mustăciosu
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Centre, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (R.A.L.); (R.Ș.); (C.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alina Raicu
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Centre, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (R.A.L.); (R.Ș.); (C.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Gina Manda
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dana Niculae
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Centre, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Măgurele, 077125 Ilfov, Romania; (R.A.L.); (R.Ș.); (C.M.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (L.E.C.); (D.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Noor A, Van Zuylekom JK, Rudd SE, Roselt PD, Haskali MB, Yan E, Wheatcroft M, Hicks RJ, Cullinane C, Donnelly PS. Imaging Somatostatin Positive Tumors with Tyr 3-Octreotate/Octreotide Conjugated to Desferrioxamine B Squaramide Radiolabeled with either Zirconium-89 or Gallium-68. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1192-1203. [PMID: 33788556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled derivatives of Tyr3-octreotide and Tyr3-octreotate, synthetic analogues of the peptide hormone somatostatin, can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of somatostatin receptor expression in neuroendocrine tumors. In this work, a squaramide ester derivative of desferrioxamine B (H3DFOSq) was used attach either Tyr3-octreotide or Tyr3-octreotate to the metal binding ligand to give H3DFOSq-TIDE and H3DFOSq-TATE. These new peptide-H3DFOSq conjugates form stable complexes with either of the positron-emitting radionuclides gallium-68 (t1/2 = 68 min) or zirconium-89 (t1/2 = 3.3 days). The new complexes were evaluated in an AR42J xenograft model that has endogenous expression of SSTR2. All four agents displayed good tumor uptake and produced high-quality PET images. For both radionuclides, the complexes formed with H3DFOSq-TATE performed better, with higher tumor uptake and retention than the complexes formed with H3DFOSq-TIDE. The versatile ligands presented here can be radiolabeled with either gallium-68 or zirconium-89 at room temperature. The long radioactive half-life of zirconium-89 makes distribution of pre-synthesized tracers produced to certified standards feasible and could increase the number of clinical centers that can perform diagnostic PET imaging of neuroendocrine tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter D Roselt
- Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Eddie Yan
- Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited, Suite 401, 55 Flemington Road, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Michael Wheatcroft
- Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited, Suite 401, 55 Flemington Road, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong H, Ploessl K, Zha Z, Wang H, Guo R, Xie Q, Zhu H, Yang Z, Zhu L, Kung HF. Development and validation of a kit formulation of [ 68Ga]Ga-P15-041 as a bone imaging agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 169:109485. [PMID: 33360838 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the commonly performed studies in nuclear medicine are bone scans with [99mTc]Tc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) for detecting various bone lesions, including cancer metastasis. The recent emergence of commercially available 68Ge/68Ga radionuclide generators makes it possible to provide 68Ga-labelled bisphosphonates as positron emission tomography (PET) tracers for bone imaging. Preliminary human studies suggested that [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-BP ([68Ga]Ga-P15-041) in conjunction with PET/computed tomography (CT) showed accumulation in known bone lesions, fast clearance from blood and soft tissue, and an ability to provide high contrast images. A simple and efficient lyophilized P15-041 kit formulation for the rapid production of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 with excellent radiochemical purity (RCP) under ambient temperature without the need for purification is described. It is demonstrated that clinical doses of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 can be prepared manually within minutes with an excellent purity (> 90%) and readily meet the dose release criteria. When [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 was evaluated in a patient with cancer, the imaging agent clearly showed accumulations in multiple lesions. In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-P15-041, prepared by a lyophilized kit, might be an excellent bone imaging agent for widespread clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Antuganov D, Nadporojskii M, Sysoev D, Shatik S, Kondratenko Y. Alkanolammonium Protic Ionic Liquids for Low Temperature
68
Ga‐Radiolabeling of DOTA‐Functionalized Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Antuganov
- PET Centre Granov Russian Research Center Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies 197758 Leningradskaya str. 70, Pesochny, St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Mikhail Nadporojskii
- PET Centre Granov Russian Research Center Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies 197758 Leningradskaya str. 70, Pesochny, St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Dmitry Sysoev
- PET Centre Granov Russian Research Center Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies 197758 Leningradskaya str. 70, Pesochny, St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Sergey Shatik
- PET Centre Granov Russian Research Center Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology & Surgical Technologies 197758 Leningradskaya str. 70, Pesochny, St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yulia Kondratenko
- Laboratory of organosilicon compounds and materials Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry RAS 199034 nab. Makarova, 2 Saint-Petersburg Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
68Ga-Labelled Carbon Nanoparticles for Ventilation PET/CT Imaging: Physical Properties Study and Comparison with Technegas®. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 23:62-69. [PMID: 32886302 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles has been proposed for lung ventilation PET/CT imaging. However, no study has assessed the physical properties of 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles. The aim of this study therefore was to evaluate the shape and size of 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles, and to determine the composition of the aerosol, as opposed to 99mTc-labelled carbon nanoparticles aerosol. PROCEDURES 99mTc- and 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles, stable gallium carbon nanoparticles, 0.9 % NaCl and 0.1 N HCl-based carbon nanoparticles were produced using an unmodified Technegas® generator, following the usual technique used for clinical Technegas® production. The shape and size of particles were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after decay of the radioactive samples. The composition of the 68Zn- and 99Tc-labelled carbon nanoparticles aerosols was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis after decay of the 68Ga- and 99mTc-labelled carbon nanoparticles, respectively. RESULTS On TEM, all samples showed similar shape with hexagonally structured primary particles, agglomerated in clusters. The mean diameters of primary stable gallium carbon nanoparticles, 99Tc- and 68Zn-labelled carbon nanoparticles were 22.4 ± 10 nm, 20.9 ± 7.2 nm and 19.8 ± 11.7 nm, respectively. CONCLUSION Using Technegas® generator in the usual clinical way, 99mTc- and 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles demonstrated similar shape and diameters in the same size range size. These results support the use of 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles for the assessment of regional lung ventilation function with PET imaging.
Collapse
|
15
|
Noor A, Van Zuylekom JK, Rudd SE, Waldeck K, Roselt PD, Haskali MB, Wheatcroft MP, Yan E, Hicks RJ, Cullinane C, Donnelly PS. Bivalent Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Conjugated to Desferrioxamine B Squaramide Labeled with Zirconium-89 or Gallium-68 for Diagnostic Imaging of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9258-9270. [PMID: 32786229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a carboxypeptidase that is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is an excellent candidate for targeted diagnostic imaging and therapy. Lysine-ureido-glutamate inhibitors of PSMA radiolabeled with positron-emitting radionuclides can be used for diagnostic imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). A squaramide ester derivative of desferrioxamine B (H3DFOSq) was used to prepare four new agents with either one or two lysine-ureido-glutamate pharmacophores. The H3DFOSq ligand can be used to form stable complexes with either of the positron-emitting radionuclides gallium-68 (t1/2 = 68 min) or zirconium-89 (t1/2 = 3.3 days). The complexes were evaluated in PSMA-positive xenograft mouse models. Bivalent inhibitors, where two pharmacophores are tethered to a single DFOSq ligand, have better tumor uptake than their monovalent analogues. The ligands presented here, which can be labeled with either gallium-68 or zirconium-89, have the potential to increase the number of clinical sites that can perform diagnostic PET imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly Waldeck
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peter D Roselt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Michael P Wheatcroft
- Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited, Suite 401, 55 Flemington Road, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Eddie Yan
- Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited, Suite 401, 55 Flemington Road, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Petrik M, Umlaufova E, Raclavsky V, Palyzova A, Havlicek V, Pfister J, Mair C, Novy Z, Popper M, Hajduch M, Decristoforo C. 68Ga-labelled desferrioxamine-B for bacterial infection imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:372-382. [PMID: 32734456 PMCID: PMC7835195 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose With the increase of especially hospital-acquired infections, timely and accurate diagnosis of bacterial infections is crucial for effective patient care. Molecular imaging has the potential for specific and sensitive detection of infections. Siderophores are iron-specific chelators recognized by specific bacterial transporters, representing one of few fundamental differences between bacterial and mammalian cells. Replacing iron by gallium-68 without loss of bioactivity is possible allowing molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we report on the preclinical evaluation of the clinically used siderophore, desferrioxamine-B (Desferal®, DFO-B), radiolabelled with 68Ga for imaging of bacterial infections. Methods In vitro characterization of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B included partition coefficient, protein binding and stability determination. Specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B was tested in vitro in different microbial cultures. In vivo biodistribution was studied in healthy mice and dosimetric estimation for human setting performed. PET/CT imaging was carried out in animal infection models, representing the most common pathogens. Results DFO-B was labelled with 68Ga with high radiochemical purity and displayed hydrophilic properties, low protein binding and high stability in human serum and PBS. The high in vitro uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B in selected strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae could be blocked with an excess of iron-DFO-B. [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B showed rapid renal excretion and minimal retention in blood and other organs in healthy mice. Estimated human absorbed dose was 0.02 mSv/MBq. PET/CT images of animal infection models displayed high and specific accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B in both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus infections with excellent image contrast. No uptake was found in sterile inflammation, heat-inactivated P. aeruginosa or S. aureus and Escherichia coli lacking DFO-B transporters. Conclusion DFO-B can be easily radiolabelled with 68Ga and displayed suitable in vitro characteristics and excellent pharmacokinetics in mice. The high and specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, proving the potential of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B for specific imaging of bacterial infections. As DFO-B is used in clinic for many years and the estimated radiation dose is lower than for other 68Ga-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, we believe that [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B has a great potential for clinical translation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-020-04948-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Umlaufova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Raclavsky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Palyzova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Havlicek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 5, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Mair
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 5, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zbynek Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Popper
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 5, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Petrik M, Pfister J, Misslinger M, Decristoforo C, Haas H. Siderophore-Based Molecular Imaging of Fungal and Bacterial Infections-Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E73. [PMID: 32485852 PMCID: PMC7345832 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections such as aspergillosis are life-threatening diseases mainly affecting immuno-compromised patients. The diagnosis of fungal infections is difficult, lacking specificity and sensitivity. This review covers findings on the preclinical use of siderophores for the molecular imaging of infections. Siderophores are low molecular mass chelators produced by bacteria and fungi to scavenge the essential metal iron. Replacing iron in siderophores by radionuclides such as gallium-68 allowed the targeted imaging of infection by positron emission tomography (PET). The proof of principle was the imaging of pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection using [68Ga]Ga-triacetylfusarinine C. Recently, this approach was expanded to imaging of bacterial infections, i.e., with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the conjugation of siderophores and fluorescent dyes enabled the generation of hybrid imaging compounds, allowing the combination of PET and optical imaging. Nevertheless, the high potential of these imaging probes still awaits translation into clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Matthias Misslinger
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Antunes IF, Franssen GM, Zijlma R, Laverman P, Boersma HH, Elsinga PH. New sensitive method for HEPES quantification in 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:12. [PMID: 32410136 PMCID: PMC7225218 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of a GMP-certified 68Ga-generator spurred the application of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals. Several radiosynthesis of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals are more efficient and robust when performed with 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl] ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, which is considered as an impurity in the quality control (QC) procedure. Thus, prior to clinical use, QC must be conducted to ensure that HEPES does not exceed the maximum dose of 200 μg/V Injected as described in European Pharmacopoeia (Ph Eur) for edotreotide. However, when applying the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method described in the Ph Eur to quantify the HEPES amount present in the 68Ga-octreotide or in the remaining 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals that were tested, no amount was detectable after 4 min of iodine incubation. Here we tested our modified TLC method and validate a new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to quantify HEPES in 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals and compare it to the TLC-method described in Ph Eur. In addition, samples collected from various institutes were tested to evaluate whether the synthesis of different 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals or the use of different synthesis methods could affect the amounts of HEPES. RESULTS HEPES could not be detected by the TLC method described in the Ph Eur within 4 min incubation in an iodine-saturated chamber. As for our modified TLC method, only after 2 h, spots were only visible > 1 mg/mL. The HPLC method had a limit-of-quantification (LOQ) of 3 μg/mL and a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 1 μg/mL. From the three 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals tested, only in the [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Exendin samples exceeding amounts of HEPES were found and its concentration in the [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Exendin was significantly higher, when compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. CONCLUSION The TLC method described in Ph Eur and our modified TLC method may not be sufficiently sensitive and thus unsuitable to use for QC release. The new HPLC method was sensitive, quantitative, reproducible and suitable for QC release. With this method, we were able to determine that some 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals may exceed the HEPES limit of 200 μg/ V Injected. This new analytical system would allow correcting for the maximum injected dose in order not to exceed this amount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R Zijlma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Laverman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Doot RK, Young AJ, Daube-Witherspoon ME, Alexoff D, Labban KJ, Lee H, Wu Z, Zha Z, Choi SR, Ploessl KH, Schubert EK, Lee H, Zhu L, Reddin JS, Karp JS, Kung H, Pryma DA. Biodistribution, dosimetry, and temporal signal-to-noise ratio analyses of normal and cancer uptake of [ 68Ga]Ga-P15-041, a gallium-68 labeled bisphosphonate, from first-in-human studies. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 86-87:1-8. [PMID: 32361089 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 ([68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-BP) is a novel bone-seeking PET radiotracer that can be generator-produced. We undertook a Phase 0/I clinical trial to assess its potential for imaging bone metastases in prostate cancer including assessment of radiotracer biodistribution and dosimetry. METHODS Subjects with prostate cancer and known or suspected osseous metastatic disease were enrolled into one of two arms: dosimetry or dynamic. Dosimetry was performed with 6 whole body PET acquisitions and urine collection spanning 3 h; normal organ dosimetry was calculated using OLINDA/EXM. Dynamic imaging included a 60 min acquisition over a site of known or suspected disease followed by two whole body scans. Bootstrapping and subsampling of the acquired list-mode data were conducted to recommend image acquisition parameters for future clinical trials. RESULTS Up to 233 MBq (6.3 mCi) of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 was injected into 12 enrolled volunteers, 8 in dosimetry and 4 in dynamic cohorts. Radiotracer accumulated in known bone lesions and cleared rapidly from blood and soft tissue. The highest individual organ dose was 0.135 mSv/MBq in the urinary bladder wall. The average effective dose was 0.0173 ± 0.0036 mSv/MBq. An average injected activity of 166.5 MBq (4.5 mCi) resulted in absorbed dose estimates of 22.5 mSv to the urinary bladder wall, 8.2 mSv to the kidneys, and an effective dose of 2.9 mSv. Lesion signal to noise ratios on images generated from subsampled data were significantly higher for injected activities above 74 MBq (2 mCi) and were also significantly higher for imaging at 90 min than at 180 min post-injection. CONCLUSIONS Dosimetry estimates are acceptable and [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 uptake characteristics in patients with confirmed bone metastases support its continued development. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Use of [68Ga]Ga-P15-041 would not require cyclotron infrastructure for manufacturing and distribution, allowing for improved patient access to a promising PET bone imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Doot
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Anthony J Young
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | | | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Kyle J Labban
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Hwan Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Zehui Wu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Seok R Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Karl H Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Erin K Schubert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhu
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Janet S Reddin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Joel S Karp
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Hank Kung
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zha Z, Wu Z, Choi SR, Ploessl K, Smith M, Alexoff D, Zhu L, Kung HF. A New [ 68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-Bisphosphonate as a Bone Imaging Agent. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1674-1684. [PMID: 32251600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 68Ga-labeled bisphosphonates to target bone metastasis could be a valuable tool in cancer diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic treatment. A 68Ga labeled ligand, N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED-CC) containing one bisphosphonate group (HBED-CC-BP, 1) was prepared and evaluated. The new ligand, 1, reacted rapidly to form [68Ga]Ga-1, via complexing with [68Ga]GaCl3 eluted from a commercially available 68Ge/68Ga generator (in a sodium acetate buffer at pH 4, reaching >95% labeling yield at room temperature in 5 min). The resulting [68Ga]Ga-1 showed excellent stability in vitro and in vivo. [68Ga]Ga-1 displayed high binding affinity to hydroxyapatite and good uptake in the tibia and femur bone of normal mice. Biodistribution and MicroPET imaging studies of [68Ga]Ga-1 in normal mice and rats showed excellent bone uptake and retention comparable to that of Na[18F]F. The results suggested that [68Ga]Ga-1 might be suitable as a bone imaging agent in humans and it could be useful as a convenient alternative to the current bone imaging PET agent, Na[18F]F, without the need of a near-by cyclotron. Also, an automated synthesis module was developed to produce clinical doses of [68Ga]Ga-1 in a consistent and reproducible manner. Currently, the investigation new drug application (IND) for [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-BP, [68Ga]Ga-1, has received FDA approval, and it is currently under clinical trial (IND #129870).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zha
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zehui Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
(Radio)Theranostic Patient Management in Oncology Exemplified by Neuroendocrine Neoplasms, Prostate Cancer, and Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030039. [PMID: 32151049 PMCID: PMC7151671 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nuclear medicine in the management of oncological patients has expanded during last two decades. The number of radiopharmaceuticals contributing to the realization of theranostics/radiotheranostics in the context of personalized medicine is increasing. This review is focused on the examples of targeted (radio)pharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), prostate cancer, and breast cancer. These examples strongly demonstrate the tendency of nuclear medicine development towards personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
22
|
Antuganov D, Timofeev V, Timofeeva K, Antuganova Y, Kondratenko YA. Evaluation of Protic Ionic Liquids Based on Triethanolammonium and Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylammonium Salts as Buffers for
68
Ga‐Radiolabelling of PSMA‐HBED‐CC. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Antuganov
- PET CentreRussian scientific center of radiology and surgical technologies named after A. M. Granov 197758 Leningradskaya str. 70, Pesochny St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vasilii Timofeev
- PET CentreNational Almazov Medical Research Centre 197341 2 Akkuratova street St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ksenija Timofeeva
- PET CentreNational Almazov Medical Research Centre 197341 2 Akkuratova street St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yulija Antuganova
- PET CentreNational Almazov Medical Research Centre 197341 2 Akkuratova street St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yulia A. Kondratenko
- Laboratory of organosilicon compounds and materialsGrebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry RAS 199034 nab. Makarova, 2 Saint-Petersburg Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cusnir R, Cakebread A, Cooper MS, Young JD, Blower PJ, Ma MT. The effects of trace metal impurities on Ga-68-radiolabelling with a tris(3-hydroxy-1,6-dimethylpyridin-4-one) (THP) chelator. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37214-37221. [PMID: 35542301 PMCID: PMC9075519 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07723e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GMP-grade 68Ge/68Ga generators provide access to positron-emitting 68Ga, enabling preparation of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers and PET imaging at sites that do not have access to cyclotron-produced radionuclides. Radiotracers based on tris(3-hydroxy-1,6-dimethylpyridin-4-one) (THP) chelators enable simple one-step preparations of 68Ga PET radiopharmaceuticals from pre-fabricated kits without pre-processing of generator eluate or post-purification. However, trace metal impurities eluted along with 68Ga could compete for THP and reduce radiochemical yields (RCY). We have quantified trace metal impurities in 68Ga eluate from an Eckert & Ziegler (E&Z) generator using ICP-MS. The metals Al, Fe, natGa, Pb, Ti and natZn were present in generator eluate in significantly higher concentrations than in the starting eluent solution. Concentrations of Fe and natGa in eluate were in the range of 0.01-0.1 μM, Al, Zn and Pb in the range of 0.1-1 μM, and Ti in the range of 0.9-1.5 μM. To assess the ability of THP to chelate 68Ga in the presence of such metal ions, radiolabelling reactions were undertaken in which selected metal ions were added to make them equimolar with THP, or higher. Al3+, Fe3+, natGa3+ and Ti4+ reduced RCY at concentrations equimolar with THP and higher, but at lower concentrations they did not affect RCY. Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ had no effect on RCY (even under conditions in which each metal ion was present in 100-fold molar excess over THP). The multi-sample ICP-MS analysis reported here is (to date) the most comprehensive and robust quantification of metal impurities in the widely used E&Z 68Ga generator. 68Ga from an E&Z generator enables near-quantitative radiolabelling of THP at chelator concentrations as low as 5 μM (lower than other common gallium chelators) without pre-processing. The combination of Al3+, Fe3+, natGa3+ and Ti4+ in unprocessed 68Ga eluate is likely to decrease RCY of 68Ga radiolabelling if a lower amount of THP chelator is used, and future kit design should take this into account. To increase specific activities by using even lower THP concentrations, purification of 68Ga from trace metal ions will likely be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Cusnir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Andrew Cakebread
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, King's College London Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Margaret S Cooper
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Jennifer D Young
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Metal-Based Complexes as Pharmaceuticals for Molecular Imaging of the Liver. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030137. [PMID: 31527492 PMCID: PMC6789861 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the use of metal complexes as contrast agents (CA) and radiopharmaceuticals for the anatomical and functional imaging of the liver. The main focus was on two established imaging modalities: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine, the latter including scintigraphy and positron emission tomography (PET). The review provides an overview on approved pharmaceuticals like Gd-based CA and 99mTc-based radiometal complexes, and also on novel agents such as 68Ga-based PET tracers. Metal complexes are presented by their imaging modality, with subsections focusing on their structure and mode of action. Uptake mechanisms, metabolism, and specificity are presented, in context with advantages and limitations of the diagnostic application and taking into account the respective imaging technique.
Collapse
|
25
|
Imberti C, Chen YL, Foley CA, Ma MT, Paterson BM, Wang Y, Young JD, Hider RC, Blower PJ. Tuning the properties of tris(hydroxypyridinone) ligands: efficient 68Ga chelators for PET imaging. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4299-4313. [PMID: 30860215 PMCID: PMC6469224 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04454f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prototype tris(1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one) chelator for gallium-68, THPMe, has shown great promise for rapid and efficient kit-based 68Ga labelling of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Peptide derivatives of THPMe have been used to image expression of their target receptors in vivo in preclinical and clinical studies. Herein we describe new synthetic routes to the THP platform including replacing the 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one N1-CH3 group of THPMe with O (tris(6-methyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one, THPO) and N1-H (tris(6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one), THPH) groups. The effect of these structural modifications on lipophilicity, gallium binding and metal ion selectivity was investigated. THPH was able to bind 68Ga in extremely mild conditions (5 min, room temperature, pH 6, 1 μM ligand concentration) and, notably, in vivo, when administered to a mouse previously injected with 68Ga acetate. The 67Ga radiolabelled complex was stable in serum for more than 7 days. [68Ga(THPH)] displayed a log P value of -2.40 ± 0.02, less negative than the log P = -3.33 ± 0.02 measured for [68Ga(THPMe)], potentially due to an increase in intramolecular hydrogen bonding attributable to the N1-H pyridinone units. Spectrophotometric determination of the Ga3+/Fe3+ complex formation constants for both THPMe and THPH revealed their preference for binding Ga3+ over Fe3+, which enabled selective labelling with 68Ga3+ in the presence of a large excess of Fe3+ in both cases. Compared to THPMe, THPH showed significantly reduced affinity for Fe3+, increased affinity for Ga3+ and improved radiolabelling efficiency. THPO was inferior to both THPH and THPMe in terms of labelling efficiency, but its benzylated precursor Bn-THPO (tris(6-methyl-3-benzyloxypyran-4-one)) provides a potential platform for the synthesis of a library of THP compounds with tunable chemical properties and metal preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Sciences
, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
,
London
, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Calum A. Foley
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
- University of Melbourne
, School of Chemistry
,
Melbourne
, VIC 3010
, Australia
| | - Yifu Wang
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Jennifer D. Young
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Robert C. Hider
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Sciences
, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
,
London
, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Complexation of gallium(III) nitrate with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid). Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Greiser J, Kühnel C, Görls H, Weigand W, Freesmeyer M. N,1,4-Tri(4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-DAZA: efficient one-pot synthesis and labelling with 68Ga for PET liver imaging in ovo. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9000-9007. [PMID: 29923561 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the isolation of a new type of 1,4-diazepan-6-amine (DAZA)-based ligand. Condensation of aldehydes with DAZA gives a novel class of 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in nearly quantitative yields. Subsequent reductive cleavage of these bicyclic aminal species with sodium borohydride selectively leads to N,1,4-tri(4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4-diazepan-6-amines (alkoxy = Me: TMeOHB-DAZA; alkoxy = Et: TEtOHB-DAZA) via a unique reductive alkylation reaction in which a substituent is added to the DAZA moiety without the presence of an alkylating agent. Mass spectrometry studies of the intermediates suggest that the mechanism involves insertion of in situ released carbonyl species into an aminal bond to form hemiaminal intermediates, and subsequent reduction. TMeOHB-DAZA and TEtOHB-DAZA are hexadentate ligands suitable for effectively coordinating Ga(iii) ions. Chelation of the radionuclide 68Ga was achieved within 5 min at 100 °C. In vitro stability studies in PBS and human serum confirmed the kinetic inertness of the tracers as no 68Ga demetallation was observed over a period of 4 h. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging after in ovo administration to incubated ostrich eggs showed a high uptake in the liver, namely 27% (60 min post injection), and subsequent biliary excretion. These results suggest that [68Ga]Ga-TMeOHB-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TEtOHB-DAZA have excellent potential as hepatobiliary PET/CT imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Greiser
- University Hospital Jena, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Morris O, Fairclough M, Grigg J, Prenant C, McMahon A. A review of approaches to 18
F radiolabelling affinity peptides and proteins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 62:4-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - M. Fairclough
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | | | - C. Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - A. McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guleria M, Kumar C, Das T, Amirdhanayagam J, Sharma R, Sarma HD, Dash A. Studies towards elucidating the potential of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis( p-carboxy-methyleneoxyphenyl)porphyrin as a theranostic agent for applications in PET and PDT. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:657-666. [PMID: 30108956 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins, owing to their inherent tendency to accumulate in tumorous lesions, are considered suitable for developing agents for theranostic applications involving tumor diagnosis and targeted tumor therapy. The aim of the present work is to study the potential of a porphyrin derivative namely, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(p-carboxymethyleneoxyphenyl)porphyrin (SPTA) as a theranostic agent for applications in positron emission tomography (PET) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). SPTA was synthesized in-house following a three-step reaction process and characterized by using spectroscopic techniques, viz. UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by mass spectrometry. SPTA was labeled with 68Ga, a generator produced PET radioisotope, and the radiolabeled product was characterized by HPLC. The 68Ga-SPTA complex was prepared with a radiochemical purity of >95% under optimized conditions. The diagnostic potential of 68Ga-SPTA was evaluated by cell uptake studies in two different tumor cell lines (HT1080 and A549) which revealed the affinity of 68Ga-SPTA towards the cancer cells. Biodistribution studies carried out in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors exhibited the accumulation of the radiotracer in the tumor. The therapeutic potential of SPTA was evaluated by determining its photo-cytotoxicity employing the MTT assay in HT1080 and A549 cell lines using three different light doses, which indicated the significant cytotoxicity of SPTA in the presence of light. The present study indicates the possible potential of SPTA in radionuclide imaging as well as in photodynamic therapy (PDT) thus confirming the promising theranostic nature of this porphyrin derivative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Guleria
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai - 400085 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 2559 0613
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai - 400085 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 2559 0613
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai - 400085 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 2559 0613.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar , Mumbai - 400094 , India
| | - Jeyachitra Amirdhanayagam
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai - 400085 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 2559 0613
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai - 400085 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 2559 0613
| | - Haladhar D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai - 400085 , India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay , Mumbai - 400085 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 22 2559 0613.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar , Mumbai - 400094 , India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A Comparative 68Ga-Citrate and 68Ga-Chloride PET/CT Imaging of Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in the Rat Tibia. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:9892604. [PMID: 29681785 PMCID: PMC5845485 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9892604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There may be some differences in the in vivo behavior of 68Ga-chloride and 68Ga-citrate leading to different accumulation profiles. This study compared 68Ga-citrate and 68Ga-chloride PET/CT imaging under standardized experimental models. Methods. Diffuse Staphylococcus aureus tibial osteomyelitis and uncomplicated bone healing rat models were used (n = 32). Two weeks after surgery, PET/CT imaging was performed on consecutive days using 68Ga-citrate or 68Ga-chloride, and tissue accumulation was confirmed by ex vivo analysis. In addition, peripheral quantitative computed tomography and conventional radiography were performed. Osteomyelitis was verified by microbiological analysis and specimens were also processed for histomorphometry. Results. In PET/CT imaging, the SUVmax of 68Ga-chloride and 68Ga-citrate in the osteomyelitic tibias (3.6 ± 1.4 and 4.7 ± 1.5, resp.) were significantly higher (P = 0.0019 and P = 0.0020, resp.) than in the uncomplicated bone healing (2.7 ± 0.44 and 2.5 ± 0.49, resp.). In osteomyelitic tibias, the SUVmax of 68Ga-citrate was significantly higher than the uptake of 68Ga-chloride (P = 0.0017). In animals with uncomplicated bone healing, no difference in the SUVmax of 68Ga-chloride or 68Ga-citrate was seen in the operated tibias. Conclusions. This study further corroborates the use of 68Ga-citrate for PET imaging of osteomyelitis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Prospective of 68Ga Radionuclide Contribution to the Development of Imaging Agents for Infection and Inflammation. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018. [PMID: 29531507 PMCID: PMC5817300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9713691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the utilization of 68Ga for the development of imaging agents has increased considerably with the leading position in the oncology. The imaging of infection and inflammation is lagging despite strong unmet medical needs. This review presents the potential routes for the development of 68Ga-based agents for the imaging and quantification of infection and inflammation in various diseases and connection of the diagnosis to the treatment for the individualized patient management.
Collapse
|
32
|
McInnes LE, Rudd SE, Donnelly PS. Copper, gallium and zirconium positron emission tomography imaging agents: The importance of metal ion speciation. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
33
|
Yang CT, Ghosh KK, Padmanabhan P, Langer O, Liu J, Halldin C, Gulyás BZ. PET probes for imaging pancreatic islet cells. Clin Transl Imaging 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-017-0251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
34
|
Farkas E, Nagel J, Waldron BP, Parker D, Tóth I, Brücher E, Rösch F, Baranyai Z. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Structural Properties of Gallium(III) and Some Divalent Metal Complexes Formed with the New DATA m and DATA 5m Ligands. Chemistry 2017; 23:10358-10371. [PMID: 28504822 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of 68 Ge/68 Ga generators has made the positron-emitting 68 Ga isotope widely accessible and raised interest in new chelate complexes of Ga3+ . The hexadentate 1,4-di(acetate)-6-methyl[amino(methyl)acetate]perhydro-1,4-diazepane (DATAm ) ligand and its bifunctional analogue, 1,4-di(acetate)-6-pentanoic acid[amino(methyl)acetate]perhydro-1,4-diazepane (DATA5m ), rapidly form complexes with 68 Ga in high radiochemical yield. The stability constants of DATAm and DATA5m complexes formed with Ga3+ , Zn2+ , Cu2+ , Mn2+ and Ca2+ have been determined by using pH potentiometry, spectrophotometry (Cu2+ ) and 1 H and 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy (Ga3+ ). The stability constants of Ga(DATAm ) and Ga(DATA5m ) complexes are slightly higher than those of Ga(AAZTA). The species distribution calculations indicated the predominance of Ga(L)OH mixed-hydroxo complexes at physiological pH. The 1 H and 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy studies provided information about the coordinated functional groups of ligands and on the kinetics of exchange between the Ga(L) and Ga(L)OH complexes. The transmetalation reactions between the Ga(L) complexes and Cu2+ citrate (6<pH<8.5) occur through both spontaneous and OH- -assisted dissociation of the Ga(L)OH species. At pH 7.4 and 25 °C, the half-lives of the dissociation of Ga(DATAm ), Ga(DATA5m ) and Ga(AAZTA) were 11, 44 and 24 h, respectively. Similar half-lives have been obtained for the ligand-exchange reactions between the Ga(L)OH complexes and transferrin. The equilibrium and kinetic data indicate that the Ga(DATA5m ) complex is a good 68 Ga-based radiodiagnostic candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edit Farkas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Johannes Nagel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bradley P Waldron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ernő Brücher
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,Present address: Bracco Imaging-CRB/Trieste, Area Science Park. Ed. Q, SS 14, km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sentkowska A, Kilian K, Kopeć M, Pyrzyńska K, Cheda Ł. Ga(III) complex with morin for kidney cancer cell labelling. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Kilian
- Heavy Ion Laboratory; University of Warsaw; 5a Pasteur Str 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Kopeć
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; 1 Pasteur Str 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krystyna Pyrzyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; 1 Pasteur Str 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Cheda
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre; University of Warsaw; 101 Żwirki i Wigury Str 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Radhakrishnan ER, Kamaleshwaran K, Shinto A, Dash A. Clinical 68Ga-PET: Is radiosynthesis module an absolute necessity? Nucl Med Biol 2017; 46:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
37
|
Trencsényi G, Dénes N, Nagy G, Kis A, Vida A, Farkas F, Szabó JP, Kovács T, Berényi E, Garai I, Bai P, Hunyadi J, Kertész I. Comparative preclinical evaluation of 68Ga-NODAGA and 68Ga-HBED-CC conjugated procainamide in melanoma imaging. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:54-64. [PMID: 28273651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. The early detection of primary melanoma tumors and metastases using non-invasive PET imaging determines the outcome of this disease. Previous studies have shown that benzamide derivatives (e.g. procainamide) conjugated with PET radionuclides specifically bind to melanin pigment of melanoma tumors. 68Ga chelating agents can have high influence on physiological properties of 68Ga labeled bioactive molecules, as was experienced during the application of HBED-CC on PSMA ligand. The aim of this study was to assess this concept in the case of the melanin specific procaindamide (PCA) and to compare the melanin specificity of 68Ga-labeled PCA using HBED-CC and NODAGA chelators under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Procainamide (PCA) was conjugated with HBED-CC and NODAGA chelators and was labeled with Ga-68. The melanin specificity of 68Ga-HBED-CC-PCA and 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA was investigated in vitro and in vivo using amelanotic (MELUR and A375) and melanin containing (B16-F10) melanoma cell lines. Tumor-bearing mice were prepared by subcutaneous injection of B16-F10, MELUR and A375 melanoma cells into C57BL/6 and SCID mice. 21±2days after tumor cell inoculation and 90min after intravenous injection of the 68Ga-labelledlabeled radiopharmacons whole body PET/MRI scans were performed. 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA and 68Ga-HBED-CC-PCA were produced with excellent radiochemical purity (98%). In vitro experiments demonstrated that after 30 and 90min incubation time 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA uptake of B16-F10 cells was significantly (p≤0.01) higher than the 68Ga-HBED-CC-conjugated PCA accumulation in the same cell line. Furthermore, significant difference (p≤0.01 and 0.05) was found between the uptake of melanin negative and positive cell lines using 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA and 68Ga-HBED-CC-PCA. In vivo PET/MRI studies using tumor models revealed significantly (p≤0.01) higher 68Ga-NODAGA-PCA uptake (SUVmean: 0.46±0.05, SUVmax: 1.96±0.25,T/M ratio: 40.7±4.23) in B16-F10 tumors in contrast to 68Ga-HBED-CC-PCA where the SUVmean, SUVmax and T/M ratio were 0.13±0.01, 0.56±0.11 and 11.43±1.24, respectively. Melanin specific PCA conjugated with NODAGA chelator showed higher specific binding properties than conjugated with HBED-CC. The chemical properties of the bifunctional chelators used for 68Ga-labeling of PCA determine the biological behaviour of the probes. Due to the high specificity and sensitivity 68Ga-labeled PCA molecules are promising radiotracers in melanoma imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Scanomed LTD, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Noémi Dénes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Adrienn Kis
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemisty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Flóra Farkas
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P Szabó
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemisty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ervin Berényi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemisty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Hunyadi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kertész
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Price TW, Gallo J, Kubíček V, Böhmová Z, Prior TJ, Greenman J, Hermann P, Stasiuk GJ. Amino acid based gallium-68 chelators capable of radiolabeling at neutral pH. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16973-16982. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we show a flexible synthesis for bifunctional chelators based on amino acids that rapidly complex 68Ga under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Price
- School of Life Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Juan Gallo
- Advanced (magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory
- 4715-330 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Böhmová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Chemistry
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Life Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Graeme J. Stasiuk
- School of Life Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nock BA, Kaloudi A, Nagel J, Sinnes JP, Roesch F, Maina T. Novel bifunctional DATA chelator for quick access to site-directed PET 68Ga-radiotracers: preclinical proof-of-principle with [Tyr3]octreotide. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14584-14590. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of 68Ga-DATA-TOC vs. 68Ga-DOTA-TOC in sst2-positive cells and tumor-bearing mice revealed the suitability of DATA for easy access to 68Ga-labeled vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy
- INRASTES
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- GR-15310 Athens
- Greece
| | | | - Johannes Nagel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
- D-55126 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Sinnes
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
- D-55126 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
- D-55126 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy
- INRASTES
- NCSR “Demokritos”
- GR-15310 Athens
- Greece
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Evaluation of a Flexible NOTA-RGD Kit Solution Using Gallium-68 from Different 68Ge/68Ga-Generators: Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution in Nonhuman Primates and Demonstration of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Imaging in Humans. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 19:469-482. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-1014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
41
|
Nielsen KM, Kyneb MH, Alstrup AKO, Jensen JJ, Bender D, Schønheyder HC, Afzelius P, Nielsen OL, Jensen SB. (68)Ga-labeled phage-display selected peptides as tracers for positron emission tomography imaging of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated infections: Selection, radiolabelling and preliminary biological evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:593-605. [PMID: 27474962 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of skin and deep-sited infections, often associated with the formation of biofilms. Early diagnosis and initiated therapy is essential to prevent disease progression and to reduce complications that can be serious. Imaging techniques are helpful combining anatomical with functional data in order to describe and characterize site, extent and activity of the disease. The purpose of the study was to identify and (68)Ga-label peptides with affinity for S. aureus biofilm and evaluate their potential as bacteria-specific positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. METHODS Phage-displayed dodecapeptides were selected using an in vitro grown S. aureus biofilm as target. One cyclic (A8) and two linear (A9, A11) dodecapeptides were custom synthesized with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) conjugated via a lysine linker (K), and for A11 also a glycine-serine-glycine spacer (GSG). The (68)Ga-labeling of A8-K-DOTA, A9-K-DOTA, and A11-GSGK-DOTA were optimized and in vitro bacterial binding was evaluated for (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA and (68)Ga-A11-GSGK-DOTA. Stability of (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA was studied in vitro in human serum, while the in vivo plasma stability was analyzed in mice and pigs. Additionally, the whole-body distribution kinetics of (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA was measured in vivo by PET imaging of pigs and ex vivo in excised mice tissues. RESULTS The (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA and (68)Ga-A11-GSGK-DOTA remained stable in product formulation, whereas (68)Ga-A8-K-DOTA was unstable. The S. aureus binding of (68)Ga-A11-GSGK-DOTA and (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA was observed in vitro, though blocking of the binding was not possible by excess of cold peptide. The (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA was degraded slowly in vitro, while the combined in vivo evaluation in pigs and mice showed a rapid blood clearance and renal excretion of the (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA. CONCLUSION The preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies of the phage-display S. aureus biofilm-selected (68)Ga-A9-K-DOTA showed desirable features for a novel bacteria-specific imaging agent, despite of relative fast blood degradation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Nielsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Majbritt H Kyneb
- Section for Medical Biotechnology, Danish Technological Institute, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob J Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Section for Medical Biotechnology, Danish Technological Institute, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik C Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pia Afzelius
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Section of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Ole L Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svend B Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Velikyan I, Rosenström U, Bulenga TN, Eriksson O, Antoni G. Feasibility of Multiple Examinations Using (68)Ga-Labelled Collagelin Analogues: Organ Distribution in Rat for Extrapolation to Human Organ and Whole-Body Radiation Dosimetry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9020031. [PMID: 27275825 PMCID: PMC4932549 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Fibrosis is involved in many chronic diseases. It affects the functionality of vital organs, such as liver, lung, heart and kidney. Two novel imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of fibrosis have previously pre-clinically demonstrated promising target binding and organ distribution characteristics. However, the relevant disease monitoring in the clinical setup would require multiple repetitive examinations per year. Thus, it is of paramount importance to investigate the absorbed doses and total effective doses and thus, the potential maximum number of examinations per year. Methods: Two cyclic peptide (c[CPGRVMHGLHLGDDEGPC]) analogues coupled via an ethylene glycol linker (EG2) to either 2-(4,7-bis(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7-triazonan-1-yl)acetic acid (NO2A-Col) or 4-(4,7-bis(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononan-1-yl)-5-(tert-butoxy)-5-oxopentanoic acid (NODAGA-Col) were labelled with 68Ga. The resulting agents, [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col, were administered in the tail vein of male and female Sprague–Dawley rats (N = 24). An ex vivo organ distribution study was performed at the 5-, 10-, 20-, 40-, 60- and 120-min time points. The resulting data were extrapolated for the estimation of human organ and total body absorbed and total effective doses using Organ Level Internal Dose Assessment Code software (OLINDA/EXM 1.1) assuming a similar organ distribution pattern between the species. Time-integrated radioactivity in each organ was calculated by trapezoidal integration followed by a single-exponential fit to the data points extrapolated to infinity. The resulting values were used for the residence time calculation. Results: Ex vivo organ distribution data revealed fast blood clearance and washout from most of the organs. Although the highest organ absorbed dose was found for kidneys (0.1 mGy/MBq), this organ was not the dose-limiting one and would allow for the administration of over 1460 MBq per year for both [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col. The total effective dose was the limiting parameter with 0.0155/0.0156 (female/male) mSv/MBq and 0.0164/0.0158 (female/male) mSv/MBq, respectively, for [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col. This corresponded to the total amount of radioactivity that could be administered per year of 643 and 621 MBq before reaching the annual limit of 10 mSv. Thus, up to six examinations would be possible. The residence time and organ absorbed doses in liver and spleen were higher for [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Col as compared to [68Ga]Ga-NO2A-Col. Conclusion: The limiting parameter for the administered dose was the total effective dose that would allow for at least six examinations per year that might be sufficient for adequate disease monitoring in longitudinal studies and a routine clinical setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Rosenström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Thomas N Bulenga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A gallium(III) Schiff base-curcumin complex that binds to amyloid-β plaques. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:274-279. [PMID: 26988571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-68 is a positron-emitting isotope that can be used in positron-emission tomography imaging agents. Alzheimer's disease is associated with the formation of plaques in the brain primarily comprised of aggregates of a 42 amino acid protein called amyloid-β. With the goal of synthesising charge neutral, low molecular weight, lipophilic gallium complexes with the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to Aβ plaques we have used an ancillary tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligand and the β-diketone curcumin as a bidentate ligand to give a six-coordinate Ga3+ complex. The tetradentate Schiff base ligand adopts the cis-β configuration with deprotonated curcumin acting as a bidentate ligand. The complex binds to amyloid-β plaques in human brain tissue and it is possible that extension of this chemistry to positron-emitting gallium-68 could provide useful imaging agents for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
44
|
Vágner A, D'Alessandria C, Gambino G, Schwaiger M, Aime S, Maiocchi A, Tóth I, Baranyai Z, Tei L. A rigidified AAZTA-like ligand as efficient chelator for68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Vágner
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; H-4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. Hungary
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich Germany
| | - Giuseppe Gambino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT); Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale T. Michel 11 I-15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich Germany
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 I-10126 Torino Italy
| | - Alessandro Maiocchi
- Centro Ricerche Bracco, Bracco Imaging Spa; Via Ribes 5 I-10010 Colleretto Giacosa Italy
| | - Imre Tóth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; H-4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; H-4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. Hungary
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich Germany
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DiSIT); Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”; Viale T. Michel 11 I-15121 Alessandria Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alam IS, Arrowsmith RL, Cortezon-Tamarit F, Twyman F, Kociok-Köhn G, Botchway SW, Dilworth JR, Carroll L, Aboagye EO, Pascu SI. Microwave gallium-68 radiochemistry for kinetically stable bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes: structural investigations and cellular uptake under hypoxia. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:144-55. [PMID: 26583314 PMCID: PMC4758186 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the microwave synthesis of several bis(thiosemicarbazones) and the rapid gallium-68 incorporation to give the corresponding metal complexes. These proved kinetically stable under 'cold' and 'hot' biological assays and were investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and radioactive cell retention studies under normoxia and hypoxia. (68)Ga complex retention was found to be 34% higher in hypoxic cells than in normoxic cells over 30 min, further increasing to 53% at 120 min. Our data suggests that this class of gallium complexes show hypoxia selectivity suitable for imaging in living cells and in vivo tests by microPET in nude athymic mice showed that they are excreted within 1 h of their administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israt S Alam
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | - Rory L Arrowsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Frazer Twyman
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | | | - Stanley W Botchway
- Oxford Brookes University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, The Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Laurence Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pfister J, Summer D, Rangger C, Petrik M, von Guggenberg E, Minazzi P, Giovenzana GB, Aloj L, Decristoforo C. Influence of a novel, versatile bifunctional chelator on theranostic properties of a minigastrin analogue. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:74. [PMID: 26669693 PMCID: PMC4679714 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 6-[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-diazepane (AAZTA ) is a promising chelator with potential advantages over 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) for radiopharmaceutical applications. Its mesocyclic structure enables fast radiolabelling under mild conditions with trivalent metals including not only 68Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) but also 177Lu and 111In for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and radionuclide therapy. Here, we describe the evaluation of a bifunctional AAZTA derivative conjugated to a model minigastrin derivative as a potential theranostic agent. Methods An AAZTA derivative with an aliphatic C9 chain as linker was coupled to a minigastrin, namely [AAZTA0, D-Glu1, desGlu2–6]-minigastrin (AAZTA-MG), and labelled with 68Ga, 177Lu and 111In. The characterisation in vitro included stability studies in different media and determination of logD (octanol/PBS). Affinity determination (IC50) and cell uptake studies were performed in A431-CCK2R cells expressing the human CCK2 receptor. μPET/CT and ex vivo biodistribution studies were performed in CCK2 tumour xenograft-bearing nude mice and normal mice. Results AAZTA-MG showed high radiochemical yields for 68Ga (>95 %), 177Lu (>98 %) and 111In (>98 %). The logD value of −3.7 for both [68Ga]- and [177Lu]-AAZTA-MG indicates a highly hydrophilic character. Stability tests showed overall high stability in solution with some degradation in human plasma for [68Ga]- and transchelation towards DTPA for and [177Lu]-AAZTA-MG. An IC50 value of 10.0 nM was determined, which indicates a high affinity for the CCK2 receptor. Specific cell uptake after 60 min was >7.5 % for [68Ga]-AAZTA-MG and >9.5 % for [177Lu]-AAZTA-MG, comparable to other DOTA-MG-analogues. μPET/CT studies in CCK2 receptor tumour xenografted mice not only revealed high selective accumulation in A431-CCK2R positive tumours of 68Ga-labelled AAZTA-MG (1.5 % ID/g in 1 h post injection) but also higher blood levels as corresponding DOTA-analogues. The 111In-labelled peptide had a tumour uptake of 1.7 % ID/g. Biodistribution in normal mice with the [177Lu]-AAZTA-MG showed a considerable uptake in intestine (7.3 % ID/g) and liver (1.5 % ID/g). Conclusion Overall, AAZTA showed interesting properties as bifunctional chelator for peptides providing mild radiolabelling conditions for both 68Ga and trivalent metals having advantages over the currently used chelator DOTA. Studies are ongoing to further investigate in vivo targeting properties and stability issues and the influence of spacer length on biodistribution of AAZTA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-015-0154-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Pfister
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabeth von Guggenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- CAGE Chemicals srl, Novara, Italy.,DSF, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Aloj
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tsebrikova GS, Baulin VE, Kalashnikova IP, Ragulin VV, Zavel’skii VO, Maruk AY, Lunev AS, Klement’eva OE, Kodina GE, Tsivadze AY. Cyclen-containing phosphonic acids as components of osteotropic 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215090091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
48
|
Máté G, Šimeček J, Pniok M, Kertész I, Notni J, Wester HJ, Galuska L, Hermann P. The influence of the combination of carboxylate and phosphinate pendant arms in 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-based chelators on their 68Ga labelling properties. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26197305 PMCID: PMC6331800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to compare the coordination properties of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) derivatives bearing varying numbers of phosphinic/carboxylic acid pendant groups towards 68Ga, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-7-acetic-1,4-bis(methylenephosphinic) acid (NOPA) and 1,4,7- triazacyclononane-4,7-diacetic-1-[methylene(2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic] acid (NO2AP) were synthesized using Mannich reactions with trivalent or pentavalent forms of H-phosphinic acids as phosphorus components. Stepwise protonation constants logK1-3 12.06, 3.90 and 1.95, and stability constants with GaIII and CuII, logKGaL 24.01 and logKCuL 16.66, were potentiometrically determined for NOPA. Both ligands were labelled with 68Ga and compared with NOTA (tacn-N,N',N″-triacetic acid) and NOPO, a TRAP-type [tacn-N,N',N″- tris(methylenephosphinic acid)] chelator. At pH 3, NOPO and NOPA showed higher labelling efficiency (binding with lower ligand excess) at both room temperature and 95 °C, compared to NO2AP and NOTA. Labelling efficiency at pH = 0-3 correlated with a number of phosphinic acid pendants: NOPO >> NOPA > NO2AP >> NOTA; however, it was more apparent at 95 °C than at room temperature. By contrast, NOTA was found to be labelled more efficiently at pH > 4 compared to the ligands with phosphinic acids. Overall, replacement of a single phosphinate donor with a carboxylate does not challenge 68Ga labelling of TRAP-type chelators. However, the presence of carboxylates facilitates labelling at neutral or weakly acidic pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Máté
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Jakub Šimeček
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Miroslav Pniok
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - István Kertész
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Johannes Notni
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Radiochemie, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (J.N.); (H.-J.W.)
| | - László Galuska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; E-Mails: (G.M.); (I.K.); (L.G.)
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-263; Fax: +420-221-951-253
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Velikyan I. 68Ga-Based radiopharmaceuticals: production and application relationship. Molecules 2015; 20:12913-43. [PMID: 26193247 PMCID: PMC6332429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of 68Ga to the promotion and expansion of clinical research and routine positron emission tomography (PET) for earlier better diagnostics and individualized medicine is considerable. The potential applications of 68Ga-comprising imaging agents include targeted, pre-targeted and non-targeted imaging. This review discusses the key aspects of the production of 68Ga and 68Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals in the light of the impact of regulatory requirements and endpoint pre-clinical and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Section of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
- PET Center, Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden .
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pandey U, Mukherjee A, Jindal A, Gamre N, Korde A, Ram R, Sarma HD, Dash A. Preparation and evaluation of a single vial AMBA kit for 68Ga labeling with potential for imaging of GRP receptor-positive cancers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|