1
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Kelderman CAA, Maclean RC, Hungnes IN, Davey PRWJ, Salimova E, de Veer M, Patel N, Ma MT, Paterson BM. Technetium Nitrido Complexes of Tetradentate Thiosemicarbazones: Kit-Based Radiolabeling, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20791-20805. [PMID: 37855107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Bis(thiosemicarbazone) and pyridylhydrazone-thiosemicarbazone chelators have demonstrated utility in nuclear medicine. In particular, the 64Cu2+ complexes have been extensively developed for hypoxia imaging and molecular imaging of peptide and protein markers of disease. However, the chemistry and application of bis(thiosemicarbazone) and pyridylhydrazone-thiosemicarbazone chelators in combination with 99mTc, the most widely used radionuclide in nuclear medicine, is underexplored. Herein, a series of bis(thiosemicarbazone) and pyridylhydrazone-thiosemicarbazone chelators were radiolabeled with nitrido-technetium-99m in an optimized one-pot synthesis from [99mTc]TcO4-. Optimization of the radiochemical syntheses allowed for production of the complexes in >90% radiochemical conversion with apparent molar activities of 3.3-5 GBq/μmol. Competition experiments demonstrated the excellent stability of the complexes. The nitrido-technetium-99 complexes were synthesized, and the chemical identities were investigated using mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Complexation of nitrido-rhenium(V) was achieved with the N4-dialkylated bis(thiosemicarbazones). Planar imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies of the five 99mTc complexes were conducted on healthy BALB/c mice to determine in vivo behavior. The lipophilic nature of the complexes resulted in uptake of 1.6-5.7% ID g-1 in the brain at 2 min postinjection and retention of 0.4-1.7% ID g-1 at 15 min postinjection. The stability of the complexes and the biodistribution data demonstrate that these chelators are ideal platforms for future production of radiopharmaceutical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel C Maclean
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ingebjørg N Hungnes
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R W J Davey
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Salimova
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Natasha Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Morgan KA, de Veer M, Miles LA, Kelderman CAA, McLean CA, Masters CL, Barnham KJ, White JM, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS. Pre-targeting amyloid-β with antibodies for potential molecular imaging of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2243-2246. [PMID: 36723107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of developing the concept of pretargeted click chemistry for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease two antibodies specific for amyloid-β were modified to incorporate trans-cyclooctene functional groups. Two bis(thiosemicarbazone) compounds with pendant 1,2,4,5-tetrazine functional groups were prepared and radiolabelled with positron emitting copper-64. The new copper-64 complexes rapidly react with the trans-cyclooctene functionalized antibodies in a bioorthogonal click reaction and cross the blood-brain barrier in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Luke A Miles
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Catriona A McLean
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Brett M Paterson
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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3
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Reddiar SB, de Veer M, Paterson BM, Sepehrizadeh T, Wai DCC, Csoti A, Panyi G, Nicolazzo JA, Norton RS. A Biodistribution Study of the Radiolabeled Kv1.3-Blocking Peptide DOTA-HsTX1[R14A] Demonstrates Brain Uptake in a Mouse Model of Neuroinflammation. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:255-266. [PMID: 36331024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 regulates the pro-inflammatory function of microglia and is highly expressed in the post-mortem brains of individuals with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. HsTX1[R14A] is a selective and potent peptide inhibitor of the Kv1.3 channel (IC50 ∼ 45 pM) that has been shown to decrease cytokine levels in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model of inflammation. Central nervous system exposure to HsTX1[R14A] was previously detected in this mouse model using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, but this technique does not report on the spatial distribution of the peptide in the different brain regions or peripheral organs. Herein, the in vivo distribution of a [64Cu]Cu-labeled DOTA conjugate of HsTX1[R14A] was observed for up to 48 h by positron emission tomography (PET) in mice. After subcutaneous administration to untreated C57BL/6J mice, considerable uptake of the radiolabeled peptide was observed in the kidney, but it was undetectable in the brain. Biodistribution of a [68Ga]Ga-DOTA conjugate of HsTX1[R14A] was then investigated in the LPS-induced mouse model of neuroinflammation to assess the effects of inflammation on uptake of the peptide in the brain. A control peptide with very weak Kv1.3 binding, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HsTX1[R14A,Y21A,K23A] (IC50 ∼ 6 μM), was also tested. Significantly increased uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HsTX1[R14A] was observed in the brains of LPS-treated mice compared to mice treated with control peptide, implying that the enhanced uptake was due to increased Kv1.3 expression rather than simply increased blood-brain barrier disruption. PET imaging also showed accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HsTX1[R14A] in inflamed joints and decreased clearance from the kidneys in LPS-treated mice. These biodistribution data highlight the potential of HsTX1[R14A] as a therapeutic for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases mediated by overexpression of Kv1.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevini Babu Reddiar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Brett M Paterson
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tara Sepehrizadeh
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dorothy C C Wai
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Agota Csoti
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4010, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4010, Hungary
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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4
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Kelderman CAA, Davey PRWJ, Ma MT, de Veer M, Salimova E, Donnelly PS, Paterson BM. Hexadentate technetium-99m bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes: synthesis, characterisation and biodistribution. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14064-14078. [PMID: 35822662 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of non-oxido/non-nitrido bis(thiosemicarbazonato)technetium(V) complexes featuring a series of alkyl and ether substituents is presented. The bis(thiosemicarbazones) were radiolabelled with technetium-99m using an optimised one-pot synthesis from [99mTc][TcO4]-. Mass spectrometry and computational chemistry data suggested a distorted trigonal prismatic coordination environment for the bis(thiosemicarbazonato)technetium(V) complexes by way of a bis(thiosemicarbazone)technetium(V)-oxido intermediate complex. The lipophilicities of the complexes were estimated using distribution ratios and three of the new complexes were investigated in mice using kinetic planar imaging and ex vivo biodistribution experiments and were compared to [99mTc][TcO4]-. Modification of the technetium complexes with various lipophilic functional groups altered the biodistributions of the complexes in mice despite evidence suggesting limited stability of the complexes to biologically relevant conditions. The most hydrophilic complex had higher uptake in the kidneys compared to the most lipophilic, which had higher liver uptake, suggesting modification of the excretion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Salimova
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. .,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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5
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Crouch SA, Davey PR, Forsyth CM, Batten SR, Paterson BM. A silver(I) coordination polymer with bridging bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands and unsupported argentophilic interactions. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2092845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Crouch
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Craig M. Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart R. Batten
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Koller AJ, Saini S, Chaple IF, Joaqui-Joaqui MA, Paterson BM, Ma MT, Blower PJ, Pierre VC, Robinson JR, Lapi SE, Boros E. A General Design Strategy Enabling the Synthesis of Hydrolysis-Resistant, Water-Stable Titanium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201211. [PMID: 35263017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite its prevalence in the environment, the chemistry of the Ti4+ ion has long been relegated to organic solutions or hydrolyzed TiO2 polymorphs. A knowledge gap in stabilizing molecular Ti4+ species in aqueous environments has prevented the use of this ion for various applications such as radioimaging, design of water-compatible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and aqueous-phase catalysis applications. Herein, we show a thorough thermodynamic screening of bidentate chelators with Ti4+ in aqueous solution, as well as computational and structural analyses of key compounds. In addition, the hexadentate analogues of catechol (benzene-1,2-diol) and deferiprone (3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4(1H)-pyridone), TREN-CAM and THPMe respectively, were assessed for chelation of the 45 Ti isotope (t1/2 =3.08 h, β+ =85 %, Eβ+ =439 keV) towards positron emission tomography (PET) imaging applications. Both were found to have excellent capacity for kit-formulation, and [45 Ti]Ti-TREN-CAM was found to have remarkable stability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus J Koller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 25294, USA
| | - Ivis F Chaple
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 25294, USA
| | | | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michelle T Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 25294, USA
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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7
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Koller AJ, Saini S, Chaple IF, Joaqui‐Joaqui MA, Paterson BM, Ma MT, Blower PJ, Pierre VC, Robinson JR, Lapi SE, Boros E. A General Design Strategy Enabling the Synthesis of Hydrolysis‐Resistant, Water‐Stable Titanium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angus J. Koller
- Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Radiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 25294 USA
| | - Ivis F. Chaple
- Department of Radiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 25294 USA
| | | | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London St. Thomas Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London St. Thomas Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London St. Thomas Hospital London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Valérie C. Pierre
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | | | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 25294 USA
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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8
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Davey PRWJ, Forsyth CM, Paterson BM. Crystallographic and Computational Characterisation of the Potential PET Tracer 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐tri(methylenephosphonato)gallium(III). ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig M. Forsyth
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- Current address: Centre for Advanced Imaging University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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9
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Paterson BM, White JM, Donnelly PS. An icosanuclear silver(I) cluster supported by bis(thiosemicarbazonato) ligands†. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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11
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Lange JL, Davey PRWJ, Ma MT, White JM, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Blower PJ, Paterson BM. An octadentate bis(semicarbazone) macrocycle: a potential chelator for lead and bismuth radiopharmaceuticals. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14962-14974. [PMID: 33079111 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A variant of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) bearing two semicarbazone pendant groups has been prepared. The octadentate ligand forms complexes with Bi3+ and Pb2+. X-ray crystallography showed that the neutral ligand provides an eight-coordinate environment for both metal ions and intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions have influenced the coordination environments of both complexes in the solid state. NMR spectroscopy revealed a fluxional environment for both complexes. The ligand was radiolabeled with the α-emitting radioactive isotope 213Bi3+, which is used in systemic targeted radiotherapy. The resulting complex was stable in serum for at least 90 min (two decay half-lives). The Pb2+ complex has reasonably fast kinetics of formation (t1/2 = 20 min) at 25 °C and pH 7.4. The Bi3+ and Pb2+ complexes show kinetic stability in 1.2 M HCl (half-lives of 214 min and 47 min, respectively). This is the first description of a macrocycle bearing semicarbazone pendant groups and its utility in coordinating main group metals, specifically those with radiotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn L Lange
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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12
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Cui J, Ju Y, Houston ZH, Glass JJ, Fletcher NL, Alcantara S, Dai Q, Howard CB, Mahler SM, Wheatley AK, De Rose R, Brannon PT, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS, Thurecht KJ, Caruso F, Kent SJ. Modulating Targeting of Poly(ethylene glycol) Particles to Tumor Cells Using Bispecific Antibodies. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801607. [PMID: 30868751 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-fouling or "stealth" particles composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) display a striking ability to evade phagocytic cell uptake. However, functionalizing them for specific targeting is challenging. To address this challenge, stealth PEG particles prepared by a mesoporous silica templating method are functionalized with bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) to obtain PEG-BsAb particles via a one-step binding strategy for cell and tumor targeting. The dual specificity of the BsAbs-one arm binds to the PEG particles while the other targets a cell antigen (epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)-is exploited to modulate the number of targeting ligands per particle. Increasing the BsAb incubation concentration increases the amount of BsAb tethered to the PEG particles and enhances targeting and internalization into breast cancer cells overexpressing EGFR. The degree of BsAb functionalization does not significantly reduce the stealth properties of the PEG particles ex vivo, as assessed by their interactions with primary human blood granulocytes and monocytes. Although increasing the BsAb amount on PEG particles does not lead to the expected improvement in tumor accumulation in vivo, BsAb functionalization facilitates tumor cell uptake of PEG particles. This work highlights strategies to balance evading nonspecific clearance pathways, while improving tumor targeting and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Yi Ju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Zachary H. Houston
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Centre for Advanced Imaging The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Joshua J. Glass
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Nicholas L. Fletcher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Centre for Advanced Imaging The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Sheilajen Alcantara
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Qiong Dai
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Centre for Advanced Imaging The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Robert De Rose
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University 381 Royal Parade Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Paul T. Brannon
- Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Centre for Advanced Imaging The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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13
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Imberti C, Chen YL, Foley CA, Ma MT, Paterson BM, Wang Y, Young JD, Hider RC, Blower PJ. Tuning the properties of tris(hydroxypyridinone) ligands: efficient 68Ga chelators for PET imaging. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4299-4313. [PMID: 30860215 PMCID: PMC6469224 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04454f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prototype tris(1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one) chelator for gallium-68, THPMe, has shown great promise for rapid and efficient kit-based 68Ga labelling of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Peptide derivatives of THPMe have been used to image expression of their target receptors in vivo in preclinical and clinical studies. Herein we describe new synthetic routes to the THP platform including replacing the 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one N1-CH3 group of THPMe with O (tris(6-methyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one, THPO) and N1-H (tris(6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one), THPH) groups. The effect of these structural modifications on lipophilicity, gallium binding and metal ion selectivity was investigated. THPH was able to bind 68Ga in extremely mild conditions (5 min, room temperature, pH 6, 1 μM ligand concentration) and, notably, in vivo, when administered to a mouse previously injected with 68Ga acetate. The 67Ga radiolabelled complex was stable in serum for more than 7 days. [68Ga(THPH)] displayed a log P value of -2.40 ± 0.02, less negative than the log P = -3.33 ± 0.02 measured for [68Ga(THPMe)], potentially due to an increase in intramolecular hydrogen bonding attributable to the N1-H pyridinone units. Spectrophotometric determination of the Ga3+/Fe3+ complex formation constants for both THPMe and THPH revealed their preference for binding Ga3+ over Fe3+, which enabled selective labelling with 68Ga3+ in the presence of a large excess of Fe3+ in both cases. Compared to THPMe, THPH showed significantly reduced affinity for Fe3+, increased affinity for Ga3+ and improved radiolabelling efficiency. THPO was inferior to both THPH and THPMe in terms of labelling efficiency, but its benzylated precursor Bn-THPO (tris(6-methyl-3-benzyloxypyran-4-one)) provides a potential platform for the synthesis of a library of THP compounds with tunable chemical properties and metal preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Yu-Lin Chen
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Sciences
, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
,
London
, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Calum A. Foley
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
- University of Melbourne
, School of Chemistry
,
Melbourne
, VIC 3010
, Australia
| | - Yifu Wang
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Jennifer D. Young
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
| | - Robert C. Hider
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Sciences
, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
,
London
, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King's College London
, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences
, St Thomas’ Hospital
,
London SE1 7EH
, UK
.
;
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14
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Paterson BM, Cullinane C, Crouch PJ, White AR, Barnham KJ, Roselt PD, Noonan W, Binns D, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. Modification of Biodistribution and Brain Uptake of Copper Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Complexes by the Incorporation of Amine and Polyamine Functional Groups. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4540-4552. [PMID: 30869878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new bis(thiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) complexes featuring polyamine substituents via selective transamination reactions is presented. Polyamines of different lengths, with different ionizable substituent groups, were used to modify and adjust the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of the copper complexes. The new analogues were radiolabeled with copper-64 and their lipophilicities estimated using distribution coefficients. The cell uptake of the new polyamine complexes was investigated with preliminary in vitro biological studies using a neuroblastoma cancer cell line. The in vivo biodistribution of three of the new analogues was investigated in vivo in mice using positron-emission tomography imaging, and one of the new complexes was compared to [64Cu]Cu(atsm) in an A431 squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model. Modification of the copper complexes with various amine-containing functional groups alters the biodistribution of the complexes in mice. One complex, with a pendent ( N, N-dimethylamino)ethane functional group, displayed tumor uptake similar to that of [64Cu]Cu(atsm) but higher brain uptake, suggesting that this compound has the potential to be of use in the diagnostic brain imaging of tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory , The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | | | | | | | - Peter D Roselt
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory , The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Wayne Noonan
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory , The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - David Binns
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory , The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- The Centre for Molecular Imaging and Translational Research Laboratory , The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
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15
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Hicks RJ, Jackson P, Kong G, Ware RE, Hofman MS, Pattison DA, Akhurst TA, Drummond E, Roselt P, Callahan J, Price R, Jeffery CM, Hong E, Noonan W, Herschtal A, Hicks LJ, Hedt A, Harris M, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS. 64Cu-SARTATE PET Imaging of Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors Demonstrates High Tumor Uptake and Retention, Potentially Allowing Prospective Dosimetry for Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:777-785. [PMID: 30442752 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.217745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging of somatostatin receptor expression is an established technique for staging of neuroendocrine neoplasia and determining the suitability of patients for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. PET/CT using 68Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs is superior to earlier agents, but the rapid physical decay of the radionuclide poses logistic and regulatory challenges. 64Cu has attractive physical characteristics for imaging and provides a diagnostic partner for the therapeutic radionuclide 67Cu. Based on promising preclinical studies, we have performed a first-time-in-humans trial of 64Cu-MeCOSar-Tyr3-octreotate (64Cu-SARTATE) to assess its safety and ability to localize disease at early and late imaging time-points. Methods: In a prospective trial, 10 patients with known neuroendocrine neoplasia and positive for uptake on 68Ga-DOTA-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) PET/CT underwent serial PET/CT imaging at 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h after injection of 64Cu-SARTATE. Adverse reactions were recorded, and laboratory testing was performed during infusion and at 1 and 7 d after imaging. Images were analyzed for lesion and normal-organ uptake and clearance to assess lesion contrast and perform dosimetry estimates. Results: 64Cu-SARTATE was well tolerated during infusion and throughout the study, with 3 patients experiencing mild infusion-related events. High lesion uptake and retention were observed at all imaging time-points. There was progressive hepatic clearance over time, providing the highest lesion-to-liver contrast at 24 h. Image quality remained high at this time. Comparison of 64Cu-SARTATE PET/CT obtained at 4 h to 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT obtained at 1 h indicated comparable or superior lesion detection in all patients, especially in the liver. As expected, the highest early physiologic organ uptake was in the kidneys, liver, and spleen. Conclusion: 64Cu-SARTATE is safe and has excellent imaging characteristics. High late-retention in tumor and clearance from the liver suggest suitability for diagnostic studies and for prospective dosimetry for 67Cu-SARTATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and the half-life of 64Cu would also facilitate good-manufacturing-practice production and distribution to sites without access to 68Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney J Hicks
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Price Jackson
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grace Kong
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert E Ware
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Pattison
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy A Akhurst
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Drummond
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Roselt
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Callahan
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger Price
- Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Charmaine M Jeffery
- Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Washington, Australia
| | - Emily Hong
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne Noonan
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Herschtal
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren J Hicks
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amos Hedt
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eveleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Harris
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eveleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Tsionou MI, Knapp CE, Foley CA, Munteanu CR, Cakebread A, Imberti C, Eykyn TR, Young JD, Paterson BM, Blower PJ, Ma MT. Comparison of macrocyclic and acyclic chelators for gallium-68 radiolabelling. RSC Adv 2017; 7:49586-49599. [PMID: 29308192 PMCID: PMC5708347 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallium-68 (68Ga) is a positron-emitting isotope used for clinical PET imaging of peptide receptor expression. 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals used in molecular PET imaging consist of disease-targeting biomolecules tethered to chelators that complex 68Ga3+. Ideally, the chelator will rapidly, quantitatively and stably coordinate 68Ga3+ at room temperature, near neutral pH and low chelator concentration, allowing for simple routine radiopharmaceutical formulation. Identification of chelators that fulfil these requirements will facilitate development of kit-based 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. Herein the reaction of a range of widely used macrocyclic and acyclic chelators with 68Ga3+ is reported. Radiochemical yields have been measured under conditions of varying chelator concentrations, pH (3.5 and 6.5) and temperature (25 and 90 °C). These chelators are: 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane macrocycles substituted with phosphonic (NOTP) and phosphinic (TRAP) groups at the amine, bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediaminediacetic acid (HBED), a tris(hydroxypyridinone) containing three 1,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one groups (THP) and the hexadentate tris(hydroxamate) siderophore desferrioxamine-B (DFO). Competition studies have also been undertaken to assess relative complexation efficiencies of each chelator for 68Ga3+ under different pH and temperature conditions. Performing radiolabelling reactions at pH 6.5, 25 °C and 5-50 μM chelator concentration resulted in near quantitative radiochemical yields for all chelators, except DOTA. Radiochemical yields either decreased or were not substantially improved when the reactions were undertaken at lower pH or at higher temperature, except in the case of DOTA. THP and DFO were the most effective 68Ga3+ chelators at near-neutral pH and 25 °C, rapidly providing near-quantitative radiochemical yields at very low chelator concentrations. NOTP and HBED were only slightly less effective under these conditions. In competition studies with all other chelators, THP demonstrated highest reactivity for 68Ga3+ complexation under all conditions. These data point to THP possessing ideal properties for rapid, one-step kit-based syntheses of 68Ga-biomolecules for molecular PET imaging. LC-MS and 1H, 13C{1H} and 71Ga NMR studies of HBED complexes of Ga3+ showed that under the analytical conditions employed in this study, multiple HBED-bound Ga complexes exist. X-ray diffraction data indicated that crystals isolated from these solutions contained octahedral [Ga(HBED)(H2O)], with HBED coordinated in a pentadentate N2O3 mode, with only one phenolic group coordinated to Ga3+, and the remaining coordination site occupied by a water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iris Tsionou
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Caroline E Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Calum A Foley
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Catherine R Munteanu
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Andrew Cakebread
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin Wilkin's Building, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Jennifer D Young
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Michelle T Ma
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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17
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Paterson BM, White KF, White JM, Abrahams BF, Donnelly PS. Frontispiz: Guest-induced Assembly of Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Zinc(II) Coordination Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201782961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Keith F. White
- School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | | | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
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18
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Paterson BM, White KF, White JM, Abrahams BF, Donnelly PS. Frontispiece: Guest-induced Assembly of Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Zinc(II) Coordination Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201782961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Keith F. White
- School of Chemistry; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | | | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic Australia
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19
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Paterson BM, White KF, White JM, Abrahams BF, Donnelly PS. Guest‐induced Assembly of Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Zinc(II) Coordination Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Keith F. White
- School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
| | | | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
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20
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Paterson BM, White KF, White JM, Abrahams BF, Donnelly PS. Guest-induced Assembly of Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Zinc(II) Coordination Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8370-8374. [PMID: 28332748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A ZnII complex of the dianionic tetradentate ligand formed by deprotonation of glyoxal-bis(4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) (H2 gtsp) is a [3+3] trinuclear triangular prism. Recrystallization of this complex in the presence of either CO2 , CS2 , or CH3 CN leads to the formation of [4+4] open-ended charge-neutral tetranuclear coordination nanotubes, approximately 2 nm in length and with internal dimensions large enough to accommodate linear guest molecules, which serve to template their formation. Upon removal of the templating molecules the nanotubes demonstrated reversible sorption of CO2 with an isosteric enthalpy of sorption of 28 kJ mol-1 at low loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Keith F White
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Brendan F Abrahams
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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21
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Ziegler M, Alt K, Paterson BM, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Donnelly PS, Hagemeyer CE, Peter K. Highly Sensitive Detection of Minimal Cardiac Ischemia using Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Activated Platelets. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38161. [PMID: 27909290 PMCID: PMC5133579 DOI: 10.1038/srep38161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliable method for the diagnosis of minimal cardiac ischemia would meet a strong demand for the sensitive diagnosis of coronary artery disease in cardiac stress testing and risk stratification in patients with chest pain but unremarkable ECGs and biomarkers. We hypothesized that platelets accumulate early on in ischemic myocardium and a newly developed technology of non-invasive molecular PET imaging of activated platelets can thus detect minimal degrees of myocardial ischemia. To induce different degrees of minimal cardiac ischemia, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated for 10, 20 or 60 min. Mice were injected with a newly generated scFvanti-GPIIb/IIIa-64CuMeCOSar radiotracer, composed of a single-chain antibody that only binds to activated integrin GPIIb/IIIa (αIIbβIII) and thus to activated platelets, and a sarcophagine cage MeCOSar complexing the long half-life PET tracer copper-64. A single PET/CT scan was performed. Evans Blue/TTC staining to detect necrosis as well as classical serological biomarkers like Troponin I and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) were negative, whereas PET imaging of activated platelets was able to detect small degrees of ischemia. Taken together, molecular PET imaging of activated platelets represents a unique and highly sensitive method to detect minimal cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Vascular Biotechnology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Vascular Biology &Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Vascular Biology &Atherosclerosis, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christoph E Hagemeyer
- Vascular Biotechnology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Paterson BM, Donnelly PS. Macrocyclic Bifunctional Chelators and Conjugation Strategies for Copper-64 Radiopharmaceuticals. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Paterson BM, Buncic G, McInnes LE, Roselt P, Cullinane C, Binns DS, Jeffery CM, Price RI, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. Bifunctional (64)Cu-labelled macrobicyclic cage amine isothiocyanates for immuno-positron emission tomography. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4901-9. [PMID: 25351329 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New macrobicyclic cage amine or "sarcophagine" (sar) bifunctional chelators have been synthesised that form copper complexes of exceptional in vivo stability and incorporate isothiocyanate (-NCS) functional groups for conjugation to an antibody. The chelators were synthesised from the methyl-capped complex [Mg(II)(CH3)(NH2)sar](2+). Coordination of Mg(II) within the cavity of the cage amine ligand protects the secondary amine atoms from reacting with the -NCS functional groups. Two different [Mg(II)(NCS-sar)](2+) derivatives were conjugated to the HER2/neu-targeting antibody trastuzumab and the progress of the reaction monitored by electrospray mass spectrometry. The Mg(II) ion was removed from the immunoconjugates under mild conditions (0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 6). Labelling of the (CH3)(p-NCS-Ph)sar-trastuzumab conjugate with (64)Cu(II), a radioisotope suitable for positron emission tomography (PET), was fast (∼5 min) and easily performed at room temperature with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Biodistribution and PET imaging studies in vivo showed that (64)Cu-labelled (CH3)(p-NCS-Ph)sar-trastuzumab maintained high stability under physiological conditions with high and selective uptake in a HER2-positive cancer cell line. The stability of the copper complex and the 12.7 h half-life of the radioisotope allows clear visualisation of tumours out to 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Gourni E, Del Pozzo L, Kheirallah E, Smerling C, Waser B, Reubi JC, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS, Meyer PT, Maecke HR. Copper-64 Labeled Macrobicyclic Sarcophagine Coupled to a GRP Receptor Antagonist Shows Great Promise for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2781-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500671j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gourni
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69121, Germany
| | - Luigi Del Pozzo
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Emilie Kheirallah
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Waser
- Department
of Pathology, University Hospital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Reubi
- Department
of Pathology, University Hospital Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of
Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of
Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Philipp T. Meyer
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Maecke
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
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25
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Alt K, Paterson BM, Westein E, Rudd SE, Poniger SS, Jagdale S, Ardipradja K, Connell TU, Krippner GY, Nair AKN, Wang X, Tochon-Danguy HJ, Donnelly PS, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE. A versatile approach for the site-specific modification of recombinant antibodies using a combination of enzyme-mediated bioconjugation and click chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7515-9. [PMID: 25962581 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A unique two-step modular system for site-specific antibody modification and conjugation is reported. The first step of this approach uses enzymatic bioconjugation with the transpeptidase Sortase A for incorporation of strained cyclooctyne functional groups. The second step of this modular approach involves the azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction. The versatility of the two-step approach has been exemplified by the selective incorporation of fluorescent dyes and a positron-emitting copper-64 radiotracer for fluorescence and positron-emission tomography imaging of activated platelets, platelet aggregates, and thrombi, respectively. This flexible and versatile approach could be readily adapted to incorporate a large array of tailor-made functional groups using reliable click chemistry whilst preserving the activity of the antibody or other sensitive biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Alt
- Vascular Biotechnology, Baker IDI, Melbourne (Australia).
| | - Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry/Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne (Australia)
| | - Erik Westein
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI, Melbourne (Australia)
| | - Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry/Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne (Australia)
| | - Stan S Poniger
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne (Australia)
| | - Shweta Jagdale
- Vascular Biotechnology, Baker IDI, Melbourne (Australia)
| | | | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Chemistry/Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne (Australia)
| | - Guy Y Krippner
- Vascular Biotechnology, Baker IDI, Melbourne (Australia)
| | - Ashish K N Nair
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI, Melbourne (Australia)
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI, Melbourne (Australia)
| | | | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry/Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne (Australia).
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI, Melbourne (Australia)
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Alt K, Paterson BM, Westein E, Rudd SE, Poniger SS, Jagdale S, Ardipradja K, Connell TU, Krippner GY, Nair AKN, Wang X, Tochon-Danguy HJ, Donnelly PS, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE. A Versatile Approach for the Site-Specific Modification of Recombinant Antibodies Using a Combination of Enzyme-Mediated Bioconjugation and Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ma MT, Meszaros LK, Paterson BM, Berry DJ, Cooper MS, Ma Y, Hider RC, Blower PJ. Tripodal tris(hydroxypyridinone) ligands for immunoconjugate PET imaging with (89)Zr(4+): comparison with desferrioxamine-B. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:4884-900. [PMID: 25351250 PMCID: PMC4357251 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02978j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to its long half-life (78 h) and decay properties (77% electron capture, 23% β(+), Emax = 897 keV, Eav = 397 keV, Eγ = 909 keV, Iγ = 100%) (89)Zr is an appealing radionuclide for immunoPET imaging with whole IgG antibodies. Derivatives of the siderophore desferrioxamine-B (H3DFO) are the most widely used bifunctional chelators for coordination of (89)Zr(4+) because the radiolabeling of the resulting immunoconjugates is rapid under mild conditions. (89)Zr-DFO complexes are reportedly stable in vitro but there is evidence that (89)Zr(4+) is released in vivo, and subsequently taken up by the skeleton. We have evaluated a novel tripodal tris(hydroxypyridinone) chelator, H3CP256 and its bifunctional maleimide derivative, H3YM103, for coordination of Zr(4+) and compared the NMR spectra, and the (89)Zr(4+) radiolabeling, antibody conjugation, serum stability and in vivo distribution of radiolabelled immunoconjugates with those of H3DFO and its analogues. H3CP256 coordinates (89)Zr(4+) at carrier-free concentrations forming [(89)Zr(CP256)](+). Both H3DFO and H3CP256 were efficiently radiolabelled using [(89)Zr(C2O4)4](4-) at ambient temperature in quantitative yield at pH 6-7 at millimolar concentrations of chelator. Competition experiments demonstrate that (89)Zr(4+) dissociates from [(89)Zr(DFO)](+) in the presence of one equivalent of H3CP256 (relative to H3DFO) at pH 6-7, resulting largely in [(89)Zr(CP256)](+). To assess the stability of H3DFO and H3YM103 immunoconjugates radiolabelled with (89)Zr, maleimide derivatives of the chelators were conjugated to the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab via reduced cysteine side chains. Both immunoconjugates were labelled with (89)Zr(4+) in >98% yield at high specific activities and the labeled immunoconjugates were stable in serum with respect to dissociation of the radiometal. In vivo studies in mice indicate that (89)Zr(4+) dissociates from YM103-trastuzumab with significant amounts of activity becoming associated with bones and joints (25.88 ± 0.58% ID g(-1) 7 days post-injection). In contrast, <8% ID g(-1) of (89)Zr activity becomes associated with bone in animals administered (89)Zr-DFO-trastuzumab over the course of 7 days. The tris(hydroxypyridinone) chelator, H3CP256, coordinates (89)Zr(4+) rapidly under mild conditions, but the (89)Zr-labelled immunoconjugate, (89)Zr-YM103-trastuzumab was observed to release appreciable amounts of (89)Zr(4+)in vivo, demonstrating inferior stability when compared with (89)Zr-DFO-trastuzumab. The significantly lower in vivo stability is likely to be a result of lower kinetic stability of the Zr(4+) tris(hydroxypyridinone complex) relative to that of DFO and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Ma
- King's College London , Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , 4th Floor Lambeth Wing , St Thomas’ Hospital , London SE1 7EH , UK .
| | - Levente K. Meszaros
- King's College London , Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , 4th Floor Lambeth Wing , St Thomas’ Hospital , London SE1 7EH , UK .
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - David J. Berry
- King's College London , Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , 4th Floor Lambeth Wing , St Thomas’ Hospital , London SE1 7EH , UK .
| | - Maggie S. Cooper
- King's College London , Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , 4th Floor Lambeth Wing , St Thomas’ Hospital , London SE1 7EH , UK .
| | - Yongmin Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , 310053 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert C. Hider
- King's College London , Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Franklin Wilkins Building , Stamford St , London SE1 9NH , UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King's College London , Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering , 4th Floor Lambeth Wing , St Thomas’ Hospital , London SE1 7EH , UK .
- King's College London , Division of Chemistry , Britannia House , 7 Trinity St , London SE1 1DB , UK
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Dearling JLJ, Paterson BM, Akurathi V, Betanzos-Lara S, Treves ST, Voss SD, White JM, Huston JS, Smith SV, Donnelly PS, Packard AB. The ionic charge of copper-64 complexes conjugated to an engineered antibody affects biodistribution. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:707-17. [PMID: 25719414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomolecules as imaging probes requires radiolabeling methods that do not significantly influence their biodistribution. Sarcophagine (Sar) chelators form extremely stable complexes with copper and are therefore a promising option for labeling proteins with (64)Cu. However, initial studies using the first-generation sarcophagine bifunctional chelator SarAr to label the engineered antibody fragment ch14.18-ΔCH2 (MW 120 kDa) with (64)Cu showed high tracer retention in the kidneys, presumably because the high local positive charge on the Cu(II)-SarAr moiety resulted in increased binding of the labeled protein to the negatively charged basal cells of the glomerulus. To test this hypothesis, ch14.18-ΔCH2 was conjugated with a series of Sar derivatives of decreasing positive charge and three commonly used macrocyclic polyaza polycarboxylate (PAC) bifunctional chelators (BFC). The immunoconjugates were labeled with (64)Cu and injected into mice, and PET/CT images were obtained at 24 and 48 h postinjection (p.i.). At 48 h p.i., ex vivo biodistribution was assessed. In addition, to demonstrate the potential of metastasis detection using (64)Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2, a preclinical imaging study of intrahepatic neuroblastoma tumors was performed. Reducing the positive charge on the Sar chelators decreased kidney uptake of Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2 by more than 6-fold, from >45 to <6% ID/g, whereas the uptake in most other tissues, including liver, was relatively unchanged. However, despite this dramatic decrease, the renal uptake of the PAC BFCs was generally lower than that of the Sar derivatives, as was the liver uptake. Uptake of (64)Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2 in neuroblastoma hepatic metastases was detected using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brett M Paterson
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Soledad Betanzos-Lara
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - S Ted Treves
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Stephan D Voss
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan M White
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Suzanne V Smith
- #Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alan B Packard
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Abstract
The control and eventual eradication of bovine tuberculosis (TB) poses major challenges in New Zealand, given the variety of wildlife species susceptible to TB, many of which are capable of onwards transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Here we discuss the role of feral ferrets (Mustela furo), focussing on potential transmission or risk pathways that have implications for management of TB. Firstly inter-specific transmission to ferrets. Ferrets scavenge potentially infected wildlife, including other ferrets, thus prevalence of TB can be amplified through ferrets feeding on tuberculous carcasses, particularly brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Secondly intra-specific transmission between ferrets. The rate of ferret-ferret transmission depends on population density, and in some places ferret densities exceed the estimated threshold for disease persistence. TB can therefore potentially be maintained independently of other sources of infection. Thirdly transmission from ferrets to other wildlife. These include the main wildlife maintenance host, brushtail possums, that will occasionally scavenge potentially tuberculous ferret carcasses. Fourthly transmission from ferrets to livestock. This is considered to occur occasionally, but the actual rate of transmission has never been measured. Fifthly geographical spread. M. bovis-infected ferrets can travel large distances and cause new outbreaks of TB at locations previously free of TB, which may have caused an expansion of TB-endemic areas.Ferrets play a complex role in the TB cycle in New Zealand; they are capable of contracting, amplifying and transmitting M. bovis infection, sometimes resulting in ferret populations with a high prevalence of TB. However, ferret population densities are usually too low to sustain infection independently, and transmission to other wildlife or livestock appears a rarer event than with possums. Nevertheless, management of ferrets remains a key part of the National Pest Management Strategy for TB. Control is prudent where M. bovis-infected ferret populations exist in high numbers, to reduce the onward transmission risk of any self-sustained infection to livestock. When ferret numbers are well below the theoretical disease maintenance threshold, ferret control is still sometimes warranted because of the animals’ ability to acquire infection when young and, through dispersal, transport it outside TB-endemic areas. Ferrets can also be used as disease sentinels for TB, especially in areas where alternative sentinel species are rare or expensive to survey, and when sampling of possums is not cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Byrom
- a Wildlife Ecology and Management Team , Landcare Research , Lincoln , New Zealand
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Cui J, De Rose R, Alt K, Alcantara S, Paterson BM, Liang K, Hu M, Richardson JJ, Yan Y, Jeffery CM, Price RI, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE, Donnelly PS, Kent SJ, Caruso F. Engineering poly(ethylene glycol) particles for improved biodistribution. ACS Nano 2015; 9:1571-1580. [PMID: 25712853 DOI: 10.1021/nn5061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the engineering of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel particles using a mesoporous silica (MS) templating method via tuning the PEG molecular weight, particle size, and the presence or absence of the template and investigate the cell association and biodistribution of these particles. An ex vivo assay based on human whole blood that is more sensitive and relevant than traditional cell-line based assays for predicting in vivo circulation behavior is introduced. The association of MS@PEG particles (template present) with granulocytes and monocytes is higher compared with PEG particles (template absent). Increasing the PEG molecular weight (from 10 to 40 kDa) or decreasing the PEG particle size (from 1400 to 150 nm) reduces phagocytic blood cell association of the PEG particles. Mice biodistribution studies show that the PEG particles exhibit extended circulation times (>12 h) compared with the MS@PEG particles and that the retention of smaller PEG particles (150 nm) in blood, when compared with larger PEG particles (>400 nm), is increased at least 4-fold at 12 h after injection. Our findings highlight the influence of unique aspects of polymer hydrogel particles on biological interactions. The reported PEG hydrogel particles represent a new class of polymer carriers with potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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31
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Djoko KY, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS, McEwan AG. Antimicrobial effects of copper(II) bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes provide new insight into their biochemical mode of action. Metallomics 2014; 6:854-63. [PMID: 24435165 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00348e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The copper(II) complexes of bis-thiosemicarbazones (Cu(btsc)) such as Cu(atsm) and Cu(gtsm) are neutral, lipophilic compounds that show promise as therapeutics for the treatment of certain neurological diseases and cancers. Although the effects of these compounds have been described at the cellular level, there is almost no information about their biochemical mode of action. In this work, we showed that Cu(atsm) and Cu(gtsm) displayed antimicrobial activities against the human obligate pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae that were more than 100 times more potent than Cu(NO3)2 salt alone. Treatment with Cu(btsc) also produced phenotypes that were consistent with copper poisoning, but the levels of intracellular copper were undetectable by ICP MS. We observed that Cu(btsc) interacted with proteins in the cell membrane. Systematic measurements of O2 uptake further demonstrated that treatment with both Cu(atsm) and Cu(gtsm) led to dose-dependent inhibition of respiratory electron transfer processes via succinate and NADH dehydrogenases. These dehydrogenases were not inhibited by a non-btsc source of Cu(II). The results led us to conclude that the biochemical mechanism of Cu(btsc) action is likely more complex than the present, simplistic model of copper release into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrera Y Djoko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, University of Queensland, Bdg 76 Cooper Road, St Lucia, QLD 4127, Australia.
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32
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Noor A, Huff GS, Kumar SV, Lewis JEM, Paterson BM, Schieber C, Donnelly PS, Brooks HJL, Gordon KC, Moratti SC, Crowley JD. [Re(CO)3]+ Complexes of exo-Functionalized Tridentate “Click” Macrocycles: Synthesis, Stability, Photophysical Properties, Bioconjugation, and Antibacterial Activity. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500664v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brett M. Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Christine Schieber
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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33
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Alt K, Paterson BM, Ardipradja K, Schieber C, Buncic G, Lim B, Poniger SS, Jakoby B, Wang X, O'Keefe GJ, Tochon-Danguy HJ, Scott AM, Ackermann U, Peter K, Donnelly PS, Hagemeyer CE. Single-chain antibody conjugated to a cage amine chelator and labeled with positron-emitting copper-64 for diagnostic imaging of activated platelets. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2855-63. [PMID: 24999533 DOI: 10.1021/mp500209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of activated platelets using an activation specific anti-GPIIb/IIIa integrin single-chain antibody (scFvanti-LIBS) conjugated to a positron emitting copper-64 complex of a cage amine sarcophagine chelator (MeCOSar) is reported. This tracer was compared in vitro to a (64)Cu(II) complex of the scFv conjugated to another commonly used macrocycle, DOTA. The scFvanti-LIBS-MeCOSar conjugate was radiolabeled with (64)Cu(II) rapidly under mild conditions and with higher specific activity than scFvanti-LIBS-DOTA. The utility of scFvanti-LIBS-MeCOSar as a diagnostic agent was assessed in vivo in a mouse model of acute thrombosis. The uptake of scFvanti-LIBS-(64)CuMeCOSar in the injured vessel was significantly higher than the noninjured vessel. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to show accumulation of scFvanti-LIBS-(64)CuMeCOSar with high and specific uptake in the injured vessel. ScFvanti-LIBS-(64)CuMeCOSar is an excellent tool for highly sensitive in vivo detection of activated platelets in PET and has the potential to be used for early diagnosis of acute thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Alt
- Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory, Baker IDI , Melbourne, Australia
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34
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Paterson BM, Alt K, Jeffery CM, Price RI, Jagdale S, Rigby S, Williams CC, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE, Donnelly PS. Enzyme-mediated site-specific bioconjugation of metal complexes to proteins: sortase-mediated coupling of copper-64 to a single-chain antibody. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6115-9. [PMID: 24777818 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme-mediated site-specific bioconjugation of a radioactive metal complex to a single-chain antibody using the transpeptidase sortase A is reported. Cage amine sarcophagine ligands that were designed to function as substrates for the sortase A mediated bioconjugation to antibodies were synthesized and enzymatically conjugated to a single-chain variable fragment. The antibody fragment scFv(anti-LIBS) targets ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS) on the glycoprotein receptor GPIIb/IIIa, which is present on activated platelets. The immunoconjugates were radiolabeled with the positron-emitting isotope (64)Cu. The new radiolabeled conjugates were shown to bind selectively to activated platelets. The diagnostic potential of the most promising conjugate was demonstrated in an in vivo model of carotid artery thrombosis using positron emission tomography. This approach gives homogeneous products through site-specific enzyme-mediated conjugation and should be broadly applicable to other metal complexes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic (Australia)
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35
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Paterson BM, Alt K, Jeffery CM, Price RI, Jagdale S, Rigby S, Williams CC, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE, Donnelly PS. Enzyme-Mediated Site-Specific Bioconjugation of Metal Complexes to Proteins: Sortase-Mediated Coupling of Copper-64 to a Single-Chain Antibody. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Bica L, Liddell JR, Donnelly PS, Duncan C, Caragounis A, Volitakis I, Paterson BM, Cappai R, Grubman A, Camakaris J, Crouch PJ, White AR. Neuroprotective copper bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes promote neurite elongation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90070. [PMID: 24587210 PMCID: PMC3938583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal biometal homeostasis is a central feature of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and motor neuron disease. Recent studies have shown that metal complexing compounds behaving as ionophores such as clioquinol and PBT2 have robust therapeutic activity in animal models of neurodegenerative disease; however, the mechanism of neuroprotective action remains unclear. These neuroprotective or neurogenerative processes may be related to the delivery or redistribution of biometals, such as copper and zinc, by metal ionophores. To investigate this further, we examined the effect of the bis(thiosemicarbazonato)-copper complex, Cu(II)(gtsm) on neuritogenesis and neurite elongation (neurogenerative outcomes) in PC12 neuronal-related cultures. We found that Cu(II)(gtsm) induced robust neurite elongation in PC12 cells when delivered at concentrations of 25 or 50 nM overnight. Analogous effects were observed with an alternative copper bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complex, Cu(II)(atsm), but at a higher concentration. Induction of neurite elongation by Cu(II)(gtsm) was restricted to neurites within the length range of 75-99 µm with a 2.3-fold increase in numbers of neurites in this length range with 50 nM Cu(II)(gtsm) treatment. The mechanism of neurogenerative action was investigated and revealed that Cu(II)(gtsm) inhibited cellular phosphatase activity. Treatment of cultures with 5 nM FK506 (calcineurin phosphatase inhibitor) resulted in analogous elongation of neurites compared to 50 nM Cu(II)(gtsm), suggesting a potential link between Cu(II)(gtsm)-mediated phosphatase inhibition and neurogenerative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bica
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R. Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul S. Donnelly
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aphrodite Caragounis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Volitakis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett M. Paterson
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Camakaris
- Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony R. White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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37
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Paterson BM, Roselt P, Denoyer D, Cullinane C, Binns D, Noonan W, Jeffery CM, Price RI, White JM, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. PET imaging of tumours with a 64Cu labeled macrobicyclic cage amine ligand tethered to Tyr3-octreotate. Dalton Trans 2013; 43:1386-96. [PMID: 24202174 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52647j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of copper radioisotopes in cancer diagnosis and radionuclide therapy is possible using chelators that are capable of binding Cu(II) with sufficient stability in vivo to provide high tumour-to-background contrast. Here we report the design and synthesis of a new bifunctional chelator, 5-(8-methyl-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaaza-bicyclo[6.6.6]icosan-1-ylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid (MeCOSar), that forms copper complexes of exceptional stability by virtue of a cage amine (sarcophagine) ligand and a new conjugate referred to as SarTATE, obtained by the conjugation of MeCOSar to the tumour-targeting peptide Tyr(3)-octreotate. Radiolabeling of SarTATE with (64)Cu(II), a radioisotope suitable for positron emission tomography (PET), was fast (~20 min), easily performed at room temperature and consistently resulted in high radiochemical purity (>99%). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of (64)CuSarTATE demonstrated its high selectivity for tumour cells expressing somatostatin receptor 2 (sstr2). Biodistribution and PET imaging comparisons were made between (64)CuSarTATE and (64)Cu-labeled DOTA-Tyr(3)-octreotate ((64)CuDOTATATE). Both radiopharmaceuticals showed excellent uptake in sstr2-positive tumours at 2 h post-injection. While tumour uptake of (64)CuDOTATATE decreased significantly at 24 h, (64)CuSarTATE activity was retained, improving contrast at later time points. (64)CuSarTATE accumulated less than (64)CuDOTATATE in the non-target organs, liver and lungs. The uptake of (64)CuSarTATE in the kidneys was high at 2 h but showed significant clearance by 24 h. The new chemistry and pre-clinical evaluation presented here demonstrates that MeCOSar is a promising bifunctional chelator for Tyr(3)-octreotate that could be applied to a combined imaging and therapeutic regimen using a combination of (64)Cu- and (67)CuSarTATE complexes, owing to improved tumour-to-non-target organ ratios compared to (64)CuDOTATATE at longer time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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38
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Hickey JL, Lim S, Hayne DJ, Paterson BM, White JM, Villemagne VL, Roselt P, Binns D, Cullinane C, Jeffery CM, Price RI, Barnham KJ, Donnelly PS. Diagnostic imaging agents for Alzheimer's disease: copper radiopharmaceuticals that target Aβ plaques. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16120-32. [PMID: 24070589 DOI: 10.1021/ja4057807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of amyloid-β plaques in the brain and the major constituent of these plaques is aggregated amyloid-β peptide. New thiosemicarbazone-pyridylhydrazine based ligands that incorporate functional groups designed to bind amyloid-β plaques have been synthesized. The new ligands form stable four coordinate complexes with a positron-emitting radioactive isotope of copper, (64)Cu. Two of the new Cu(II) complexes include a functionalized styrylpyridine group and these complexes bind to amyloid-β plaques in samples of post-mortem human brain tissue. Strategies to increase brain uptake by functional group manipulation have led to a (64)Cu complex that effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier in wild-type mice. The new complexes described in this manuscript provide insight into strategies to deliver metal complexes to amyloid-β plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Hickey
- School of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, §Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, □Department of Pharmacology, and ∥Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville , Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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McAllum EJ, Lim NKH, Hickey JL, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS, Li QX, Liddell JR, Barnham KJ, White AR, Crouch PJ. Therapeutic effects of CuII(atsm) in the SOD1-G37R mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013; 14:586-90. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2013.824000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cater MA, Pearson HB, Wolyniec K, Klaver P, Bilandzic M, Paterson BM, Bush AI, Humbert PO, La Fontaine S, Donnelly PS, Haupt Y. Increasing intracellular bioavailable copper selectively targets prostate cancer cells. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1621-31. [PMID: 23656859 DOI: 10.1021/cb400198p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of two bis(thiosemicarbazonato) copper complexes, glyoxalbis[N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato]Cu(II) [Cu(II)(gtsm)] and diacetylbis[N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato]Cu(II) [Cu(II)(atsm)], for the treatment of prostate cancer was assessed in cell culture and animal models. Distinctively, copper dissociates intracellularly from Cu(II)(gtsm) but is retained by Cu(II)(atsm). We further demonstrated that intracellular H2gtsm [reduced Cu(II)(gtsm)] continues to redistribute copper into a bioavailable (exchangeable) pool. Both Cu(II)(gtsm) and Cu(II)(atsm) selectively kill transformed (hyperplastic and carcinoma) prostate cell lines but, importantly, do not affect the viability of primary prostate epithelial cells. Increasing extracellular copper concentrations enhanced the therapeutic capacity of both Cu(II)(gtsm) and Cu(II)(atsm), and their ligands (H2gtsm and H2atsm) were toxic only toward cancerous prostate cells when combined with copper. Treatment of the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model with Cu(II)(gtsm) (2.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced prostate cancer burden (∼70%) and severity (grade), while treatment with Cu(II)(atsm) (30 mg/kg) was ineffective at the given dose. However, Cu(II)(gtsm) caused mild kidney toxicity in the mice, associated primarily with interstitial nephritis and luminal distention. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Cu(II)(gtsm) inhibits proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity, a feature further established as being common to copper-ionophores that increase intracellular bioavailable copper. We have demonstrated that increasing intracellular bioavailable copper can selectively kill cancerous prostate cells in vitro and in vivo and have revealed the potential for bis(thiosemicarbazone) copper complexes to be developed as therapeutics for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Cater
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Kamil Wolyniec
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Paul Klaver
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Prince Henry’s Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | | | | | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Sharon La Fontaine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | | | - Ygal Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Kelly CP, Green PHR, Murray JA, Dimarino A, Colatrella A, Leffler DA, Alexander T, Arsenescu R, Leon F, Jiang JG, Arterburn LA, Paterson BM, Fedorak RN. Commentary: larazotide acetate - an exciting new development for coeliac patients? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:496-7. [PMID: 23336684 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Kelly
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Duncan C, Bica L, Crouch PJ, Caragounis A, Lidgerwood GE, Parker SJ, Meyerowitz J, Volitakis I, Liddell JR, Raghupathi R, Paterson BM, Duffield MD, Cappai R, Donnelly PS, Grubman A, Camakaris J, Keating DJ, White AR. Copper modulates the large dense core vesicle secretory pathway in PC12 cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:700-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kelly CP, Green PHR, Murray JA, Dimarino A, Colatrella A, Leffler DA, Alexander T, Arsenescu R, Leon F, Jiang JG, Arterburn LA, Paterson BM, Fedorak RN. Larazotide acetate in patients with coeliac disease undergoing a gluten challenge: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:252-62. [PMID: 23163616 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coeliac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, is managed by a gluten-free diet (GFD), which is difficult for many patients. Larazotide acetate is a first-in-class oral peptide that prevents tight junction opening, and may reduce gluten uptake and associated sequelae. AIM To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of larazotide acetate during gluten challenge. METHODS This exploratory, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study included 184 patients maintaining a GFD before and during the study. After a GFD run-in, patients were randomised to larazotide acetate (1, 4, or 8 mg three times daily) or placebo and received 2.7 grams of gluten daily for 6 weeks. Outcomes included an experimental biomarker of intestinal permeability, the lactulose-to-mannitol (LAMA) ratio and clinical symptoms assessed by Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and anti-transglutaminase antibody levels. RESULTS No significant differences in LAMA ratios were observed between larazotide acetate and placebo groups. Larazotide acetate 1-mg limited gluten-induced symptoms measured by GSRS (P = 0.002 vs. placebo). Mean ratio of anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA levels over baseline was 19.0 in the placebo group compared with 5.78 (P = 0.010), 3.88 (P = 0.005) and 7.72 (P = 0.025) in the larazotide acetate 1-, 4-, and 8-mg groups, respectively. Adverse event rates were similar between larazotide acetate and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Larazotide acetate reduced gluten-induced immune reactivity and symptoms in patients with coeliac disease undergoing gluten challenge and was generally well tolerated; however, no significant difference in LAMA ratios between larazotide acetate and placebo was observed. Results and design of this exploratory study can inform the design of future studies of pharmacological interventions in patients with coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Kelly
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Leffler DA, Kelly CP, Abdallah HZ, Colatrella AM, Harris LA, Leon F, Arterburn LA, Paterson BM, Lan ZH, Murray JA. A randomized, double-blind study of larazotide acetate to prevent the activation of celiac disease during gluten challenge. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:1554-62. [PMID: 22825365 PMCID: PMC3463856 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In patients with celiac disease, enteropathy is caused by the entry of gluten peptides into the lamina propria of the intestine, in which their immunogenicity is potentiated by tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and T-helper type 1-mediated immune responses are triggered. Tight junction disassembly and paracellular permeability are believed to have an important role in the transport of gluten peptides to the lamina propria. Larazotide acetate is a tight-junction regulator peptide that, in vitro, prevents the opening of intestinal epithelial tight junctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of larazotide acetate in protecting against gluten-induced intestinal permeability and gastrointestinal symptom severity in patients with celiac disease. METHODS In this dose-ranging, placebo-controlled study, 86 patients with celiac disease controlled through diet were randomly assigned to larazotide acetate (0.25, 1, 4, or 8 mg) or placebo three times per day with or without gluten challenge (2.4 g/day) for 14 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the urinary lactulose/mannitol (LAMA) fractional excretion ratio. Secondary endpoints included gastrointestinal symptom severity, quality-of-life measures, and antibodies to tTG. RESULTS LAMA measurements were highly variable in the outpatient setting. The increase in LAMA ratio associated with the gluten challenge was not statistically significantly greater than the increase in the gluten-free control. Among patients receiving the gluten challenge, the difference in the LAMA ratios for the larazotide acetate and placebo groups was not statistically significant. However, larazotide acetate appeared to limit gluten-induced worsening of gastrointestinal symptom severity as measured by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale at some lower doses but not at the higher dose. Symptoms worsened significantly in the gluten challenge-placebo arm compared with the placebo-placebo arm, suggesting that 2.4 g of gluten per day is sufficient to induce reproducible gluten toxicity. Larazotide acetate was generally well tolerated. No serious adverse events were observed. The most common adverse events were headache and urinary tract infection. CONCLUSIONS LAMA variability in the outpatient setting precluded accurate assessment of the effect of larazotide acetate on intestinal permeability. However, some lower doses of larazotide acetate appeared to prevent the increase in gastrointestinal symptom severity induced by gluten challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Leffler
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. E-mail:
| | - C P Kelly
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Z Abdallah
- Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Present address: Bay Area Houston Gastroenterology, Webster, Texas, USA
| | - A M Colatrella
- Pittsburgh Gastroenterology Associates, Pittsburgh, Pennslyvania, USA
| | - L A Harris
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - F Leon
- Alba Therapeutics Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Present address: Centocor Research and Development, Chesterbrook, Pennslyvania, USA
| | - L A Arterburn
- Alba Therapeutics Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Present address: International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - B M Paterson
- Alba Therapeutics Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Present address: The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Z H Lan
- Alba Therapeutics Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, New York, USA
| | - J A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Parker SJ, Meyerowitz J, James JL, Liddell JR, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Kanninen KM, Lim S, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS, Crouch PJ, White AR. Inhibition of TDP-43 accumulation by bis(thiosemicarbazonato)-copper complexes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42277. [PMID: 22879928 PMCID: PMC3411774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal, motor neuron disease with no effective long-term treatment options. Recently, TDP-43 has been identified as a key protein in the pathogenesis of some cases of ALS. Although the role of TDP-43 in motor neuron degeneration is not yet known, TDP-43 has been shown to accumulate in RNA stress granules (SGs) in cell models and in spinal cord tissue from ALS patients. The SG association may be an early pathological change to TDP-43 metabolism and as such a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Accumulation of TDP-43 in SGs induced by inhibition of mitochondrial activity can be inhibited by modulation of cellular kinase activity. We have also found that treatment of cells and animal models of neurodegeneration, including an ALS model, with bioavailable bis(thiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) complexes (Cu(II)(btsc)s) can modulate kinase activity and induce neuroprotective effects. In this study we examined the effect of diacetylbis(-methylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) (Cu(II)(atsm)) and glyoxalbis(-methylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) (Cu(II)(gtsm)) on TDP-43-positive SGs induced in SH-SY5Y cells in culture. We found that the Cu(II)(btsc)s blocked formation of TDP-43-and human antigen R (HuR)-positive SGs induced by paraquat. The Cu(II)(btsc)s protected neurons from paraquat-mediated cell death. These effects were associated with inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Co-treatment of cultures with either Cu(II)(atsm) or an ERK inhibitor, PD98059 both prevented ERK activation and blocked formation of TDP-43-and HuR-positive SGs. Cu(II)(atsm) treatment or ERK inhibition also prevented abnormal ubiquitin accumulation in paraquat-treated cells suggesting a link between prolonged ERK activation and abnormal ubiquitin metabolism in paraquat stress and inhibition by Cu. Moreover, Cu(II)(atsm) reduced accumulation of C-terminal (219-414) TDP-43 in transfected SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrate that Cu(II)(btsc) complexes could potentially be developed as a neuroprotective agent to modulate neuronal kinase function and inhibit TDP-43 aggregation. Further studies in TDP-43 animal models are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Parker
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Price KA, Crouch PJ, Volitakis I, Paterson BM, Lim S, Donnelly PS, White AR. Mechanisms controlling the cellular accumulation of copper bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:9594-605. [PMID: 21882803 DOI: 10.1021/ic201334q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) bis(thiosemicarbazonato) metal complexes [Cu(II)(btsc)s] have unique tumor-imaging and treatment properties and more recently have revealed potent neuroprotective actions in animal and cell models of neurodegeneration. However, despite the continued development of Cu(II)(btsc)s as potential therapeutics or diagnostic agents, little is known of the mechanisms involved in cell uptake, subcellular trafficking, and efflux of this family of compounds. Because of their high lipophilicity, it has been assumed that cellular accumulation is through passive diffusion, although this has not been analyzed in detail. The role of efflux pathways in cell homeostasis of the complexes is also largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the cellular accumulation of the Cu(II)(btsc) complexes Cu(II)(gtsm) and Cu(II)(atsm) in human neuronal (M17) and glial (U87MG) cell lines under a range of conditions. Collectively, the data strongly suggested that Cu(II)(gtsm) and Cu(II)(atsm) may be taken into these cells by combined passive and facilitated (protein-carrier-mediated) mechanisms. This was supported by strong temperature-dependent changes to the uptake of the complexes and the influence of the cell surface protein on Cu accumulation. We found no evidence to support a role for copper-transporter 1 in accumulation of the compounds. Importantly, our findings also demonstrated that Cu from both Cu(II)(gtsm) and Cu(II)(atsm) was rapidly effluxed from the cells through active mechanisms. Whether this was in the form of released ionic Cu or as an intact metal complex is not known. However, this finding highlighted the difficulty of trying to determine the uptake mechanism of metal complexes when efflux is occurring concomitantly. These findings are the first detailed exploration of the cellular accumulation mechanisms of Cu(II)(btsc)s. The study delineates strategies to investigate the uptake and efflux mechanisms of metal complexes in cells, while highlighting specific difficulties and challenges that need to be considered before drawing definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ann Price
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Paterson BM, Donnelly PS. Copper complexes of bis(thiosemicarbazones): from chemotherapeutics to diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3005-18. [PMID: 21409228 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecules known as bis(thiosemicarbazones) derived from 1,2-diones can act as tetradentate ligands for Cu(II), forming stable, neutral complexes. As a family, these complexes possess fascinating biological activity. This critical review presents an historical perspective of their progression from potential chemotherapeutics through to more recent applications in nuclear medicine. Methods of synthesis are presented followed by studies focusing on their potential application as anti-cancer agents and more recent investigations into their potential as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. The Cu(II) complexes are of sufficient stability to be used to coordinate copper radioisotopes for application in diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Detailed understanding of the coordination chemistry has allowed careful manipulation of the metal based properties to engineer specific biological activities. Perhaps the most promising complex radiolabelled with copper radioisotopes to date is Cu(II)(atsm), which has progressed to clinical trials in humans (162 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
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Price KA, Crouch PJ, Lim S, Paterson BM, Liddell JR, Donnelly PS, White AR. Subcellular localization of a fluorescent derivative of CuII(atsm) offers insight into the neuroprotective action of CuII(atsm). Metallomics 2011; 3:1280-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fodero-Tavoletti MT, Villemagne VL, Paterson BM, White AR, Li QX, Camakaris J, O'Keefe G, Cappai R, Barnham KJ, Donnelly PS. Bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Cu-64 complexes for positron emission tomography imaging of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 20:49-55. [PMID: 20164590 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A bis (thiosemicarbazonato) complex radiolabeled with positron emitting Cu-64 can be used for a new and alternative method for the non-invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using positron emission tomography (PET). Most imaging agents being investigated for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease target amyloid-beta plaque burden but our new approach highlights altered copper homeostasis. This approach has the potential to offer complementary information to other diagnostic procedures that elucidate plaque burden.
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Paterson BM, Karas JA, Scanlon DB, White JM, Donnelly PS. Versatile new bis(thiosemicarbazone) bifunctional chelators: synthesis, conjugation to bombesin(7-14)-NH(2), and copper-64 radiolabeling. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:1884-93. [PMID: 20055473 DOI: 10.1021/ic902204e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New bifunctional derivatives of diacetyl-bis(4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (H(2)atsm) have been prepared by a selective transamination reaction of a new dissymmetric bis(thiosemicarbazone) precursor H(2)L(1). The new derivatives contain an aliphatic carboxylic acid (H(2)L(2) and H(2)L(3)), t-butyl carbamate (H(2)L(4)), or ammonium ion (H(2)L(5)) functional group. The new ligands and copper(II) complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and microanalysis. The complex Cu(II)(L(4)) was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and shows the metal center to be in an N(2)S(2) distorted square planar coordination geometry. Electrochemical measurements show that the copper(II) complexes undergo a reversible reduction attributable to a Cu(II)/Cu(I) process. The ligands and the copper(II) complexes featuring a carboxylic acid functional group have been conjugated to the tumor targeting peptide bombesin(7-14)-NH(2). The bifunctional peptide conjugates were radiolabeled with copper-64 in the interest of developing new positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. The conjugates were radiolabeled with copper-64 rapidly in high radiochemical purity (>95%) at room temperature under mild conditions and were stable in a cysteine and histidine challenge study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Paterson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
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