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Kim A, Kelly PF, Turner MA, Reynolds JC. A direct analysis method using sheath flow probe electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (sfPESI-MS) to detect drug residues from fingerprint forensic gel lifts. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38589994 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Latent fingerprints at crime scenes are frequently recovered using forensic gel-lifters, which can help to preserve the crime scene and to enhance visualisation of traces such as blood or paint. In addition to providing fingerprint ridge detail, additional chemical information can also be recovered from gel lifts that may prove pertinent to an investigation. However, while DNA and metal ions have been shown to be able to be detected in gel-lifted fingerprints, the determination of other types of chemical information such as the presence of drugs in gel-lifted prints has not been previously shown. This study demonstrates the application of an ambient ionisation method, sheath flow probe electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (sfPESI-MS), to the direct analysis of gel-lifted fingerprints. A model drug compound (zolpidem) is successfully detected from gel-lifted prints from three different surface types: glass, metal, and paper. The surface activity-based separation associated with probe electrospray approaches is shown to resolve zolpidem ions from background phthalate species, significantly enhancing the response obtained from the gel-lifter. A depletion series experiment shows that the drug residue can be detected with up to 100% efficiency after eight consecutive contacts; however, detection efficiency drops to 20% after 30 contacts. The developed approach has potential application to analysis of historical gel-lifters to obtain additional chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Kim
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paul F Kelly
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Matthew A Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Kim A, Kelly PF, Turner MA, Reynolds JC. Development of a rapid, in-situ analysis method using sheath-flow probe electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry for the direct identification of cocaine metabolites in dried blood spots. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9422. [PMID: 36278930 PMCID: PMC9788050 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Small amounts of biofluid samples are frequently found at crime scenes; however, existing gold standard methods such as LC-MS frequently require destructive extraction of the sample before a time-consuming analysis which puts strain on forensic analysis providers and can preclude further sample analysis. This study presents the application of sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (sfPESI-MS) to the direct analysis of drug metabolites in dried blood spots (DBS) as a high throughput, minimally destructive alternative. METHODS A rapid direct analysis method using a sfPESI ionisation source coupled to an Orbitrap Exactive mass spectrometer was applied to detect cocaine metabolites (benzoylecgonine, BZE, cocaethylene, CE, and ecgonine methyl ester, EME) from DBS. An optimisation study exploring the use of different chemical modifiers (formic acid and sodium acetate) in the sfPESI probe extraction solvent was conducted to enhance the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sfPESI-MS method. RESULTS Optimisation of the extraction solvent significantly enhanced the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sfPESI-MS method. A quantitative response over a five-point calibration range 0.5 to 10 μg/ml was obtained for BZE (R2 = 0.9979) and CE (R2 = 0.9948). Limits of detection (LOD) of 1.31, 0.29 and 0.15 μg/ml were achieved for EME, BZE and CE, respectively, from 48 h aged DBSs with % RSD (relative standard deviation) across the calibration range ranging between 19%-28% for [BZE + H]+ , 13%-21% for [CE + H]+ and 12%-29% for [EME + H]+ . CONCLUSIONS A rapid (< 20 s) quantitative method for the direct analysis of cocaine metabolites from DBS which requires no prior sample preparation was developed. Although the LOD achieved for BZE (LOD: 0.29 μg/ml) was above the UK threshold limit of exposure for drug driving (0.05 μg/ml), the method may be suitable for use in identifying overdose in forensic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Kim
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityUK
| | - Paul F. Kelly
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityUK
| | - Matthew A. Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityUK
| | - James C. Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of ChemistryLoughborough UniversityUK
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Shi L, Habib A, Bi L, Hong H, Begum R, Wen L. Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Application and Prospective. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-50. [PMID: 36206159 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2124840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a formidable analytical tool for the analysis of non-polar to polar compounds individually and/or from mixtures, providing information on the molecular weights and chemical structures of the analytes. During the last more than one-decade, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has developed quickly, producing a wide range of platforms and proving scientific improvements in a variety of domains, from biological imaging to quick quality control. These methods have made it possible to detect target analytes in real time without sample preparation in an open environment, and they can be connected to any MS system with an atmospheric pressure interface. They also have the ability to analyze explosives, illicit drugs, disease diagnostics, drugs in biological samples, adulterants in food and agricultural products, reaction progress, and environmental monitoring. The development of novel ambient ionization techniques, such as probe electrospray ionization, paper spray ionization, and fiber spray ionization, employed even at picolitre to femtolitre solution levels to provide femtogram to attogram levels of the target analytes. The special characteristic of this ambient ion source, which has been extensively used, is the noninvasive property of PESI of examination of biological real samples. The results in the current review supports the idea that AIMS has emerged as a pioneer in MS-based approaches and that methods will continue to be developed along with improvements to existing ones in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lei Bi
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Hong
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rockshana Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Luhong Wen
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Thirukumaran M, Singh V, Arao Y, Fujito Y, Nishimura M, Ogura T, Pawliszyn J. Solid-phase microextraction- probe electrospray ionization devices for screening and quantitating drugs of abuse in small amounts of biofluids. Talanta 2021; 231:122317. [PMID: 33965011 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry technique (AIMS) that is primarily used in qualitative studies, though researchers have recently combined it with sample preparation for the quantitative analysis of various analytes in biological matrices. This study presents a method that integrates solid-phase microextraction with PESI for direct coupling to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and examines its ability to quantitate drugs of abuse. Intra- and inter-probe reproducibility experiments were conducted to assess the stability and reproducibility of the extraction-phase-coated PESI probes (coating length: 2 mm; coating thickness: 6.5 μm). This research is the first documented instance wherein highly sensitive determinations were successfully attained using these microextraction and micro-desorption techniques in conjunction with small volumes of sample and extraction phase. A mixture consisting of IPA/H2O (1/1 v/v) + 0.1% FA was determined to be the optimal desorption solvent for SPME-PESI-MS/MS, as it facilitated high analyte enrichment in a picolitre of the solvent, which acted at the same time as efficient electrospray media. Furthermore, a method of quantifying drugs of abuse in 30 μL of plasma without matrix modification was also developed. This method had an intra-day accuracy within the 80-120% range for all eight drugs of abuse at concentrations of 3, 30, and 90 pg μL-1; the exception to this result was lorazepam at 30 pg μL-1, which had an intra-day accuracy of 122%. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for fentanyl and nordiazepam was pg μL-1; the LLOQ for buprenorphine, codeine, diazepam, lorazepam, and propranolol was 5 pg μL-1; and the LLOQ of oxazepam was 10 pg μL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaan Thirukumaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yohei Arao
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc., 7102 Riverwood Drive, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Fujito
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc., 7102 Riverwood Drive, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Masayuki Nishimura
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc., 7102 Riverwood Drive, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Tairo Ogura
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc., 7102 Riverwood Drive, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Hiraoka K, Ariyada O, Usmanov DT, Chen LC, Ninomiya S, Yoshimura K, Takeda S, Yu Z, Mandal MK, Wada H, Rankin-Turner S, Nonami H. Probe Electrospray Ionization (PESI) and Its Modified Versions: Dipping PESI (dPESI), Sheath-Flow PESI (sfPESI) and Adjustable sfPESI (ad-sfPESI). Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2020; 9:A0092. [PMID: 33299735 PMCID: PMC7708747 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PESI/MS) was developed. In this technique, the needle is moved down along a vertical axis and the tip of the needle touched to the sample. After capturing the sample at the needle tip, the needle is then moved up and a high voltage is applied to the needle at the highest position to generate electrospray. Due to the discontinuous sampling followed by the generation of spontaneous electrospray, sequential and exhaustive electrospray takes place depending on the surface activity of the analytes. As modified versions of PESI, dipping PESI (dPESI), sheath-flow PESI (sfPESI) and adjustable sfPESI (ad-sfPESI) have been developed. These methods are complementary to each other and they can be applicable to surface and bulk analysis of various biological samples. In this article, the characteristics of these methods and their applications to real samples will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Ariyada
- ARIOS INC., 3–2–20 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196–0021, Japan
| | - Dilshadbek T. Usmanov
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Lee C. Chen
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Zhang Yu
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Mridul K. Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833–0041, Japan
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790–8566, Japan
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Hiraoka K, Rankin-Turner S, Ninomiya S, Sekine R, Wada H, Matsumura M, Sanada-Morimura S, Tanaka F, Nonami H, Ariyada O. Point Analysis of Foods by Sheath-Flow Probe Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry (sfPESI/MS) Coupled with a Touch Sensor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:418-425. [PMID: 31829625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For quick, noninvasive, and high-sensitivity surface analysis of foods and agricultural products, a touch sensor was developed and applied to sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (sfPESI/MS). Upon making contact with the sample, the probe stopped by detecting the current flowing through the circuit and analytes on the sample surface were extracted in the solvent preloaded in the plastic capillary. By lifting up the probe to the default position, an electrospray ionization mass spectrum of the sample was obtained. By scanning the sample stage using a programming tool, a point analysis of targeted positions of biological samples with a spot diameter of ≤0.3 mm was achieved. It took less than 10 s for one sample spot. This method was applied to various plants and animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-8511 , Japan
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Clean Energy Research Center , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-8511 , Japan
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu 400-8511 , Japan
| | - Ryo Sekine
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu 400-8511 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 496 Izumi , Chikugo , Fukuoka 833-0041 , Japan
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 2421, Suya , Goshi , Kumamoto 861-1192 , Japan
| | - Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 2421, Suya , Goshi , Kumamoto 861-1192 , Japan
| | - Fukuyo Tanaka
- NARO Central Region Agriculture Research Center , Division of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , 2-1-18, Kannodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8666 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8566 , Japan
| | - Osamu Ariyada
- ARIOS INC. , 3-2-20 Musashino , Akishima, Tokyo 196-0021 , Japan
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Yao YN, Wu L, Di D, Yuan ZC, Hu B. Vibrating tip spray ionization mass spectrometry for direct sample analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:772-779. [PMID: 31426121 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a vibrating tip spray ionization source was developed for direct mass spectrometric analysis of raw samples under voltage-free condition. A solid tip was mounted on a vibrator, and the solid tip was placed on the front of MS inlet. Liquid, viscous, and bulk solid samples could be directly loaded on the tip-end surface, and then a drop of solvent at microliter level was subsequently loaded on the tip for dissolution and extraction of analytes, and a vibrator was then started to atomize and ionize the analytes under ambient condition. We demonstrated vibrating tip spray mass spectrometry in various applications, including food safety, pharmaceutical analysis, and forensic science. Furthermore, in situ analysis of biological tissues and in vivo analysis of living plants were conveniently performed, due to voltage-free. Different vibration frequencies and solvent compositions were investigated. The analytical performances, including sensitivity, reproducibility, and linear range, were investigated. The ionization process and mechanism were also discussed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dandan Di
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Cheng Yuan
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Hiraoka K, Rankin-Turner S, Ninomiya S, Wada H, Nakano H, Matsumura M, Sanada-Morimura S, Tanaka F, Nonami H. Component Profiling in Agricultural Applications Using an Adjustable Acupuncture Needle for Sheath-Flow Probe Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3275-3283. [PMID: 30830775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous work, probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PESI/MS) and sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (sfPESI/MS) were reported for the rapid and minimally invasive analysis of food. In this work, a modified version of sfPESI will be reported. The sample surface was pricked with an acupuncture needle inserted in the sfPESI probe that protruded from the terminus of the tip by 5 mm. The invasion depth of the needle into the sample was ∼1 mm. After sampling, the needle was retracted into the solvent-preloaded capillary with a protrusion length of 0.1-0.2 mm from the tip. A mass spectrum of the sample captured on the needle was obtained by applying a high voltage to the needle. This method could be applicable to profiling analyses of plants with the epicuticular wax covering on the surfaces that are difficult to analyze by sf-PESI. The on-site mass spectrometric analysis for a growing apricot in the field was performed to monitor the developing stage of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-8511 , Japan
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Clean Energy Research Center , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-8511 , Japan
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu 400-8511 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 496 Izumi, Chikugo , Fukuoka 833-0041 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 496 Izumi, Chikugo , Fukuoka 833-0041 , Japan
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Suya 2421, Goshi , Kumamoto 861-1192 , Japan
| | - Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Suya 2421, Goshi , Kumamoto 861-1192 , Japan
| | - Fukuyo Tanaka
- Central Region Agriculture Research Center , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 2-1-18, Kannodai, Tsukuba , Ibaraki , 305-8666 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory , Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University , Matsuyama , 790-8566 , Japan
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Kamihoriuchi B, Otsuka Y, Takeuchi A, Iwata F, Matsumoto T. Visualization of Sampling and Ionization Processes in Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 7:S0078. [PMID: 31840014 PMCID: PMC6863452 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ambient sampling and ionization techniques based on direct liquid extraction and electrospray ionization are of great value for rapid analysis and mass spectrometry imaging. Scanning probe electrospray ionization (SPESI) enables the sampling and ionization of analyte molecules in a solid material using a liquid bridge and electrospray, respectively, from a single capillary probe. To further improve SPESI, it is essential to understand the dynamic behavior of nanoliter volumes of liquids during sampling and ionization. In this study, the dynamic formation and breakage of the liquid bridge and the subsequent electrospray ionization were investigated by measuring the displacement of the capillary probe using a new optical technique. Measurements revealed that both the time from the formation of the liquid bridge to its breakage and the time from the breakage of the liquid bridge to the detection of analyte ions were correlated with the physical properties of the solvent. It was also found that both of these times were positively correlated with the flow rate. These results will not only lead to the improvement of sampling and ionization efficiencies but also afford a greater understanding of the physicochemical properties of charged nanoliter volumes of liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Kamihoriuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoichi Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Aya Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Futoshi Iwata
- Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Usmanov DT, Ashurov KB, Ninomiya S, Hiraoka K, Wada H, Nakano H, Matsumura M, Sanada-Morimura S, Nonami H. Remote sampling mass spectrometry for dry samples: Sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization (PESI) using a gel-loading tip inserted with an acupuncture needle. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:407-413. [PMID: 29235697 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is only applicable to liquid or wet samples. In this study, a sheath-flow PESI method for remote sampling mass spectrometry that can be applied to dry samples was developed. METHODS An acupuncture needle (0.12 mm outer diameter, 700 nm tip diameter) was inserted into a gel-loading tip with a 0.1 mm protrusion out of the tip. Analytes were extracted by filling the latter tip with solvent and softly touching the sample surface for a short time (<1 s). A high voltage was applied to the acupuncture needle, and mass spectra of analytes were obtained by self-aspirating electrospray. RESULTS Dry samples, such as lines of ballpoint pen ink on paper, pharmaceutical tablets, instant coffee, brown rice, and narcotics, gave strong ion signals. The sample carryover was negligible. The sequential electrospray was observed to be similar to conventional PESI. The limits of detection (LODs) for morphine and rhodamine B were found to be of the order of picograms. CONCLUSIONS Because of its simplicity and versatility, sheath-flow PESI is a promising technique for on-site and nondestructive profile analysis of dry samples with bulky and complicated shapes, with a spatial resolution of ~0.3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshadbek T Usmanov
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Durmon Yoli Street 33, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Khatam B Ashurov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Durmon Yoli Street 33, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate School, Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Goshi, Kumamoto, 861-1192, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Goshi, Kumamoto, 861-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Fu Q, Tang J, Cui M, Xing J, Liu Z, Liu S. Application of porous metal enrichment probe sampling to single cell analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:62-68. [PMID: 26757073 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for analyzing metabolism in a single cell, which is important to understand the nature of cellular heterogeneity, disease, growth and specialization, etc. However, single cell analysis is often challenging for the traces of samples. In the present study, porous metal enrichment probe sampling combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been applied for in situ analysis of live onion epidemic cell. Porous probe, treated by corroding copper wire with HCl, was directly inserted into a single cell to get cell solution. A self-made linear actuator was enough to control the penetration of probe into the target cell accurately. Then samples on the tip of probe were eluted and detected by a commercial MALDI-TOF-MS directly. The formation of porous microstructure on the probe surface increased the adsorptive capacity of cell solution. The sensitivity of porous probe sampling was 6 times higher than uncorroded probes generally. This method provides a sensitive and convenient way for the sampling and detection of single cell solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Junpeng Xing
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, China
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14
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Klampfl CW, Himmelsbach M. Direct ionization methods in mass spectrometry: An overview. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 890:44-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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16
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Otsuka Y, Naito J, Satoh S, Kyogaku M, Hashimoto H, Arakawa R. Imaging mass spectrometry of a mouse brain by tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization. Analyst 2015; 139:2336-41. [PMID: 24683596 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Methods for ambient sampling and ionization enable chemical information to be obtained with minimal sample preparation. Also, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) enables the spatial distribution of multiple components to be determined by a single measurement. Here, we report an improved method of tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization (t-SPESI) for ambient sampling and ionization in which probe oscillation is stabilized by using a piezo actuator. We demonstrate negative-mode IMS of a mouse coronal brain section and show that, compared with desorption electrospray ionization, t-SPESI provides unique features in the mass spectra: signal enhancement of fatty acid and lipids, and formation of multivalent ions tentatively assigned to gangliosides. These results would indicate the capability for the generation of multiple types of ions with t-SPESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Otsuka
- Frontier Research Center, Canon Inc., 30-2 Shimomaruko 3-chome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Spengler
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical
Chemistry, Schubertstrasse
60, Building 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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18
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So PK, Hu B, Yao ZP. Electrospray Ionization on Solid Substrates. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:S0028. [PMID: 26819900 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of electrospray ionization on solid substrates (solid-substrate ESI) avoids the clogging problem encountered in conventional capillary-based ESI, allows more convenient sampling and permits new applications. So far, solid-substrate ESI with various materials, e.g., metals, paper, wood, fibers and biological tissue, has been developed, and applications ranging from analysis of pure compounds to complex mixtures as well as in vivo study were demonstrated. Particularly, the capability of solid-substrate ESI in direct analysis of complex samples, e.g., biological fluids and foods, has significantly facilitated mass spectrometric analysis in real-life applications and led to increasingly important roles of these techniques nowadays. In this review, various solid-substrate ESI techniques and their applications are summarized and the prospects in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of
Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of
Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of
Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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19
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Lorenz M, Ovchinnikova OS, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Controlled-resonant surface tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3146-52. [PMID: 24606410 DOI: 10.1021/ac404249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the advancement of a controlled-resonant surface tapping-mode single capillary liquid junction extraction/ESI emitter for mass spectrometry imaging. The basic instrumental setup and the general operation of the system were discussed, and optimized performance metrics were presented. The ability to spot sample, lane scan, and chemically image in an automated and controlled fashion were demonstrated. Rapid, automated spot sampling was demonstrated for a variety of compound types, including the cationic dye basic blue 7, the oligosaccharide cellopentaose, and the protein equine heart cytochrome c. The system was used for lane scanning and chemical imaging of the cationic dye crystal violet in inked lines on glass and for lipid distributions in mouse brain thin tissue sections. Imaging of the lipids in mouse brain tissue under optimized conditions provided a spatial resolution of approximately 35 μm based on the ability to distinguish between features observed both in the optical and mass spectral chemical images. The sampling spatial resolution of this system was comparable to the best resolution that has been reported for other types of atmospheric pressure liquid extraction-based surface sampling/ionization techniques used for mass spectrometry imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lorenz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
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20
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Mandal MK, Yoshimura K, Saha S, Yu Z, Takeda S, Hiraoka K. Biomolecular Analysis and Biological Tissue Diagnostics by Electrospray Ionization with a Metal Wire Inserted Gel-Loading Tip. Anal Chem 2013; 86:987-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403261s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kanti Mandal
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Subhrakanti Saha
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Zhan Yu
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
- School of Chemical
and Life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
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