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Bello KE, Mat Jusoh TNA, Irekeola AA, Abu N, Mohd Amin NAZ, Mustaffa N, Shueb RH. A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071011. [PMID: 37046937 PMCID: PMC10094200 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite introducing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, the incidence of the Hepatitis B virus globally is still a major health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide detailed information on the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in circulation in Asia. Methods: A systematic search for articles describing the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Asia was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Our search returned 207 eligible articles involving 49,279 genotypes and 7457 subtypes representing 28 Asian countries. A meta-analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the Random effect Model. The pooled prevalence of HBV genotypes showed that genotype C (30.9%) (95% CI, 27.5–34.5%; I2 = 97.57%; p < 0.001) was the most common HBV genotype in Asia, followed by genotype B (17.8%) (95% CI, 15.5–20.4%; I2 = 97.26%; p < 0.001) and genotype D (15.4%) (95% CI, 11.8–19.8%). Vietnam had the highest prevalence of genotype B, Lebanon had the highest prevalence of genotypes C, and Jordan had the highest prevalence of genotype D. There was variation in genotypic prevalence with respect to the target genes for HBV genotyping. Reverse dot blot hybridization had the highest estimate of genotypes B and C. HBV subtype C2 (40.0%) (95% CI, 33.3–47.0) is the most prevalent HBV subtype. Conclusion: Evidence from this study reveals that HBV genotypes C and B are the most dominant HBV genotypes in Asia, and HBV subtype C2 is more endemic in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizito Eneye Bello
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Kogi State University (Prince Abubakar Audu University), Anyigba 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Tuan Nur Akmalina Mat Jusoh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa 4412, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Norhidayah Abu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (A.M.R.E.C.), Lot 34 Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalin Zahirah Mohd Amin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Mustaffa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (I.N.F.O.R.M.M.), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Sitbounlang P, Deharo E, Latthaphasavang V, Marchio A, Soukhsakhone C, Soinxay V, Mayxay M, Steenkeste N, Vincelot P, Bertani S, Palamy S, Paboriboune P, Pineau P. Estimating the burden of hepatitis B virus infection in Laos between 2020 and 2021: A cross-sectional seroprevalence survey. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101582. [PMID: 35923426 PMCID: PMC9340506 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laos is considered highly endemic for persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). To eliminate this burden, it has gradually implemented universal anti-hepatitis B immunisation of newborns over the past two decades. METHODS Using VIKIA® HBsAg, a rapid test for the qualitative detection of the HBV surface antigen, we conducted between Sep 1st, 2020 and Aug 31st, 2021 the largest prospective prevalence survey ever in Laos. This survey included blood donors (BD, n = 42,277), patients attending care in capital and provincial hospitals (n = 37,347) including attending mothers (n = 20,548), HIV-infected patients (n = 7439, recruited from 2009 to 2020), students from the Health Sciences University (n = 609), and outpatients (n = 350) coming for diagnosis at the Center Infectiology Lao-Christophe Mérieux in Vientiane. In total, 88,022 persons were tested, representing approximately 1.22% of the national population. To reach a reasonable estimate of HBsAg prevalence in Laos, we segmented the population according to three variables, age (≤20 years as a cut-off), sex, and geographical origin. BD values were used to estimate HBsAg prevalence in patients aged <20 while hospital survey prevalence was used to estimate the prevalence in those aged older than 20 years. FINDINGS We observed an HBsAg seroprevalence ranging from 2.6% in blood donors to 8.0% in HIV-infected patients. In BD, men were significantly more at risk to be carriers than women (RR = 1.2, P = 0.00063). For BD, attending mothers, or HIV-infected patients, HBsAg was significantly more prevalent in northern Laos (5.1-8.4%) than in central (2.0-8.1%) or southern parts of the country (2.2-6.9%), thereby delineating a North-to-South gradient. INTERPRETATION We considered that HBsAg prevalence probably ranges between 5.0% and 6.0% of the total population. Thus, we consider that Laos may no longer be highly endemic for chronic HBV infection but rather a country with intermediate endemicity. FUNDING The funding sources were the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie, the French Government, the French Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), and European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) - Research and Innovation Staff Exchange - (RISE) under grant agreement N° 823935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philavanh Sitbounlang
- Center Infectiology Lao-Christophe Mérieux (CILM), Ministry of Health, Samsenthai Road, Sisattanak District, Vientiane 3888, Laos
- École Doctorale « Biologie-Santé-Biotechnologie » (BSB), Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Ban Naxai, Saysettha District, Vientiane 5992, Laos
- Corresponding authors.
| | | | - Agnès Marchio
- Unité “Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse”, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Vonephet Soinxay
- National Blood Transfusion Center, Lao Red Cross, Phai Nam street, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | | | - Stéphane Bertani
- IRD, UPS, UMR 152 PHARMADEV, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- International Joint Laboratory for Molecular Anthropological Oncology (LOAM), Lima, Peru
| | - Sysay Palamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy of Vientiane, University of Health Sciences, Laos
| | - Phimpha Paboriboune
- Center Infectiology Lao-Christophe Mérieux (CILM), Ministry of Health, Samsenthai Road, Sisattanak District, Vientiane 3888, Laos
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité “Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse”, INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Corresponding authors.
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McNaughton AL, Revill PA, Littlejohn M, Matthews PC, Ansari MA. Analysis of genomic-length HBV sequences to determine genotype and subgenotype reference sequences. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:271-283. [PMID: 32134374 PMCID: PMC7416611 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a diverse, partially double-stranded DNA virus, with 9 genotypes (A-I), and a putative 10th genotype (J), characterized thus far. Given the broadening interest in HBV sequencing, there is an increasing requirement for a consistent, unified approach to HBV genotype and subgenotype classification. We set out to generate an updated resource of reference sequences using the diversity of all genomic-length HBV sequences available in public databases. We collated and aligned genomic-length HBV sequences from public databases and used maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis to identify genotype clusters. Within each genotype, we examined the phylogenetic support for currently defined subgenotypes, as well as identifying well-supported clades and deriving reference sequences for them. Based on the phylogenies generated, we present a comprehensive set of HBV reference sequences at the genotype and subgenotype level. All of the generated data, including the alignments, phylogenies and chosen reference sequences, are available online (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8851946) as a simple open-access resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. McNaughton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Peter A. Revill
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - M. Azim Ansari
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Holzmayer V, Hance R, Defechereux P, Grant R, Kuhns MC, Cloherty G, Rodgers MA. Identification of hepatitis B virus genotype I in Thailand. J Med Virol 2019; 91:717-721. [PMID: 30351478 PMCID: PMC6618046 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rare hepatitis B virus genotype I (HBV-I) classification includes complex A/G/C/U recombinants identified amongst the individuals from China, India, Laos, and Vietnam. Herein we report the first HBV-I specimen from Thailand, with detectable HBsAg despite a 10-amino-acid truncation. This HBV-I genome has a similar recombinant pattern to reference strains, including a C region that branches basal to references, suggesting a premodern era recombination event gave rise to HBV-I. With an average sequence divergence from other genotypes ranging from 7.66% (standard deviation [SD], 0.42%; C) to 14.27% (SD, 0.31%; H), this new genome supports the HBV-I classification as a unique genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Holzmayer
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Research, Abbott ParkIllinois
| | - Robert Hance
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | | | - Robert Grant
- University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Mary C. Kuhns
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Research, Abbott ParkIllinois
| | - Gavin Cloherty
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Research, Abbott ParkIllinois
| | - Mary A. Rodgers
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Research, Abbott ParkIllinois
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Pocock NS, Nguyen LH, Lucero-Prisno Iii DE, Zimmerman C, Oram S. Occupational, physical, sexual and mental health and violence among migrant and trafficked commercial fishers and seafarers from the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): systematic review. Glob Health Res Policy 2018; 3:28. [PMID: 30288452 PMCID: PMC6166293 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-018-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the health of GMS commercial fishers and seafarers, many of whom are migrants and some trafficked. This systematic review summarizes evidence on occupational, physical, sexual and mental health and violence among GMS commercial fishers/seafarers. Methods We searched 5 electronic databases and purposively searched grey literature. Quantitative or qualitative studies reporting prevalence or risk of relevant outcomes were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles. Data were extracted on nationality and long/short-haul fishing where available. Results We identified 33 eligible papers from 27 studies. Trafficked fishers/seafarers were included in n=12/13 grey literature and n=1/20 peer-reviewed papers. Among peer-reviewed papers: 11 focused on HIV/AIDS/sexual health; nine on occupational/physical health; one study included mental health of trafficked fishers. Violence was quantitatively measured in eight papers with prevalence of: 11-26% in port convenience samples; 68-100% in post-trafficking service samples. Commercial fishers/seafarers whether trafficked or not worked extremely long hours; trafficked long-haul fishers had very limited access to care following injuries or illness. Lesser-known risks reported among fishers included penile oil injections and beriberi. We found just one work safety intervention study and inconclusive evidence for differences in the outcomes by nationality. Findings are limited by methodological weaknesses of primary studies. Conclusion Results show an absence of high-quality epidemiological studies beyond sexual health. Formative and pilot intervention research on occupational, physical and mental health among GMS commercial fishers and seafarers is needed. Future studies should include questions about violence and exploitation. Ethical and reporting standards of grey literature should be improved. Trial Registration Review registration number: PROSPERO 2014: CRD42014009656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S Pocock
- 1Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH UK.,2United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- 3School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, No. 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno Iii
- 4Department of Public Health, Emerging and Interdisciplinary Sciences Building (ES) South Campus, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Cathy Zimmerman
- 1Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH UK
| | - Siân Oram
- 5Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, Kings College London, London, SE5 8AF UK
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Matsuo J, Do SH, Yamamoto C, Nagashima S, Chuon C, Katayama K, Takahashi K, Tanaka J. Clustering infection of hepatitis B virus genotype B4 among residents in Vietnam, and its genomic characters both intra- and extra-family. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177248. [PMID: 28753615 PMCID: PMC5533320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vietnam has a high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and a high mortality rate from hepatocellular carcinoma. We performed a detailed genetic analysis of 48 residents and four families from Binh Thuan Province, a southern coastal area of Vietnam. The route of infection and genomic characteristics related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied in HBV spread among carriers that we detected in our previous hepatitis survey. The HBV genotype was B4 in 91.7% and C1 in 8.3% of the cases. The intra-family’s HBV sequence homology was high at 96.8–99.4%. However, it was also high at 99.4–99.8% among residents of the same age and sex as family members. In addition, full genome analysis was performed in 21 cases. The core region of all 20 isolates with genotype B4 was a recombinant of genotype C, and pre-S deletion was found in 20% of cases. The promoter mutation G1613A was found in 13.6% of cases, and a 24 bp insertion from nt1673 in the X region was found in 6.3% of cases. The phylogenetic tree and homology analysis of the HBV full genome suggested the probability and its possibility of horizontal transmission not only within families nor vertical transmission but within cohorts of the same generation in the population. Moreover, the HBV genotype B4 isolates were found not only to be recombinants of genotype C, which results in a high cancer risk, but also to have other risk of HCC, pre-S deletions, the G1613A mutation, and X region insertions corresponding to the promoter. These genomic characters were suggested to be one of the factors to explain the high HCC mortality rate in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Son Huy Do
- Binh Thuan Medical College, Phan Thiet City, Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam
| | - Chikako Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nagashima
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Channarena Chuon
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Katayama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Toshiba General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Discrepancies in prevalence trends for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Haiphong, Vietnam from 2007 to 2012. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179616. [PMID: 28662105 PMCID: PMC5491323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a significant reduction in the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) from 2007 to 2012 in people who inject drugs (PWID; 35.9% to 18.5%, p < 0.001) and female sex workers (FSW; 23.1% to 9.8%, p < 0.05), but not in blood donors (BD) or pregnant women, in Haiphong, Vietnam. Our aim in the present study was to assess trends in the prevalence of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively). We also investigated the coinfection rates of HBV and HCV with HIV in the same groups. Between 2007 and 2012, HBV prevalence was significantly decreased in BD (18.1% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.007) and slightly decreased in FSW (11.0% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.21), but not in PWID (10.7% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.84). HCV prevalence was significantly decreased in PWID (62.1% in 2007 vs. 42.7% in 2008, p < 0.0001), but it had rebounded to 58.4% in 2012 (2008 vs. 2012, p < 0.0001). HCV prevalence also increased in FSW: 28.6% in 2007 and 2009 vs. 35.3% in 2012; however, this difference was not significant (2007 vs. 2012, p = 0.41). Rates of coinfection with HBV and HCV among HIV-infected PWID and FSW did not change significantly during the study period. Our findings suggest that the current harm reduction programs designed to prevent HIV transmission in PWID and FSW may be insufficient to prevent the transmission of hepatitis viruses, particularly HCV, in Haiphong, Vietnam. New approaches, such as the introduction of catch-up HBV vaccination to vulnerable adult populations and the introduction of HCV treatment as prevention, should be considered to reduce morbidity and mortality due to HIV and hepatitis virus coinfection in Vietnam.
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Akhtar A, Khan AH, Sulaiman SAS, Soo CT, Khan K. HBV and HIV co-infection: Prevalence and clinical outcomes in tertiary care hospital Malaysia. J Med Virol 2015; 88:455-60. [PMID: 26255632 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to WHO, Malaysia has been classified as a concentrated epidemic country due to progression of HIV infection in the population of injecting drug users. The main objectives of current study are to determine the prevalence of HBV among HIV-positive individuals in a tertiary care hospital of Malaysia and to assess the predictors involved in the outcomes of HIV-HBV co-infected patients. A retrospective, cross-sectional study is conducted at Hospital Palau Pinang, Malaysia. The collection of socio-demographic data as well as clinical data is done with the help of data collection form. Data were analyzed after putting the collected values of required data by using statistical software SPSS version 20.0 and P > 0.05 is considered as significant. Results show that the overall prevalence of HBV was 86 (13%) including 495 (74.5%) males and 169 (25.5%) females among a total of 664 HIV-infected patients. It was observed that there is a high prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection in males 76 (11.4%) as compared to females 10 (1.5%) (P = 0.002). The median age of the study population was 39 years. The statistical significant risk factors involved in the outcomes of HIV-HBV co-infected patients were observed in the variables of gender, age groups, and injecting drug users. The findings of the present study shows that the prevalence of HBV infection among HIV-positive patients was 13% and the risk factors involved in the outcomes of HIV-HBV co-infected patients were gender, age, and intravenous drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akhtar
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Palau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amer Hayat Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Palau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Palau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chow Ting Soo
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Palau Penang, Palau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kashifullah Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Palau Penang, Malaysia
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Li HM, Wang JQ, Wang R, Zhao Q, Li L, Zhang JP, Shen T. Hepatitis B virus genotypes and genome characteristics in China. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6684-6697. [PMID: 26074707 PMCID: PMC4458779 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the hepatitis B virus (HBV) characters in China, as well as the correlation between several HBV mutation and hepatitis symptoms.
METHODS: A total of 1148 HBV genome sequences from patients throughout China were collected via the National Center For Biotechnology Information database (information including: genotype, territory and clinical status). HBV genotypes were classified by a direct reference from the Genbank sequence annotation, phylogenetic tree and online software analysis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genotyping/formpage.cgi). The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the neighbor-joining method by MEGA5.0 software. HBV sequences were grouped based on phylogenetic tree and the distance between the groups was calculated by using the computer between group mean distance methods. Seven hundred and twelve HBV sequences with clear annotation of clinical symptoms were selected to analyses the correlation of mutation and clinical symptoms. Characteristics of sequences were analyzed by using DNAStar and BioEdit software packages. The codon usage bias and RNA secondary structures analysis were performed by RNAdraw software. Recombination analysis was performed by using Simplot software.
RESULTS: In China, HBV genotype C was the predominant in Northeastern, genotype B was predominant in Central Southern areas, genotype B and C were both dominant in Southwestern areas, and the recombinant genotype C/D was predominant in Northwestern areas. C2 and B2 were identified as the two major sub-genotypes, FJ386674 might be a putative sub-genotype as B10. The basal core promoter double mutation and pre-C mutation showed various significant differences between hepatitis symptoms. In addition to ATG, many other HBV initiation codons also exist. HBV has codon usage bias; the termination codon of X, C and P open reading frames (ORF) were TAA, TAG, and TGA, respectively. The major stop codons of S-ORF were TAA (96.45%) and TGA (83.60%) in B2 and C2 subtype, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This study recapitulated the epidemiology of HBV in China, and the information might be meaningful critical for the future prevention and therapy of HBV infections.
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Nadol P, O’connor S, Duong H, Le LVN, Thang PH, Tram TH, Ha HTT, Mcconnell MS, Partridge J, Kaldor J, Law M, Nguyen TA. Findings from integrated behavioral and biologic survey among males who inject drugs (MWID) - Vietnam, 2009-2010: evidence of the need for an integrated response to HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118304. [PMID: 25692469 PMCID: PMC4333571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the overlapping modes of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), understanding the burden and relationship of these infections is critical for an effective response. Representative data on these infections among males who inject drugs (MWID), the key high-risk population for HIV in Vietnam, are currently lacking. METHODS Data and stored specimens from Vietnam's 2009-2010 Integrated Biologic and Behavioral Survey, a cross-sectional study among high-risk populations, were used for this analysis. Plasma samples were tested for HIV, HBV, and HCV using commercial assays. A questionnaire was administered to provide demographic, behavior, and service-uptake information. Provincial-level analyses were conducted to profile MWID enrollees and to provide estimates on the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection. RESULTS Among 3010 MWID sampled across 10 provinces, the median (range) HIV prevalence was 28.1% (1.0%-55.5%). Median prevalence for current HBV infection (HBsAg+) was 14.1% (11.7%-28.0%), for previous exposure to HBV (total anti-HBc+) was 71.4% (49.9%-83.1%), and for current or past HCV infection (HCV Ag/Ab+) was 53.8% (10.9%-80.8%). In adjusted analysis, HBsAg+ (aOR: 2.09, 1.01-4.34) and HCV Ag/Ab+ (aOR: 19.58, 13.07-29.33) status were significantly associated with HIV infection; the association with total anti-HBc+ approached significance (aOR: 1.29, 0.99-1.68). CONCLUSION The prevalence and association between HIV, HBV, and HCV are high among MWID in Vietnam. These findings indicate the need for integrated policies and practice that for the surveillance, prevention, screening, and treatment of both HIV and viral hepatitis among MWID in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nadol
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siobhan O’connor
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hao Duong
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh-Vi N. Le
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hong Thang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hong Tram
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Michelle S. Mcconnell
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jeff Partridge
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Influenza Control, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Kaldor
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Law
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tuan Anh Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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11
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Huy BV, Vernavong K, Kính NV. HBV and HCV Coinfection among HIV/AIDS Patients in the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Vietnam. AIDS Res Treat 2014; 2014:581021. [PMID: 25580287 PMCID: PMC4274838 DOI: 10.1155/2014/581021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To examine prevalence and characterization of HBV and HCV coinfection among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods. This cross-sectional, retrospective study analyzed 724 HIV/AIDS patients in the HIV clinic at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (NHTD), from 5/2005 to 4/2011. Results. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV coinfection was 50.3% (364/724), of which HbsAg, HCV, and both of HbsAg, and HCV positivity were 8.4%, 35.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. The cohort (364 patients) with HBV, HCV, and HIV coinfection live in the 30 provinces/cities in the North and Central area of Vietnam. We found statistically significant associations between heightened risk of coinfection with HIV and HCV in the age group 30-39 years (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.001), never married patients (P < 0.001), patients with a history of injection drug use (P < 0.001), and clinical stages 2-4 (P < 0.001). Coinfection with HBV/HIV was statistically significant associations between heightened risk of marital status (never married) (P < 0.001) and those who reported transmission through sexual intercourse. Conclusion. Coinfection with viral hepatitis is common in HIV patients; further study of the impact and evolution of coinfection is necessary to find effective treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bùi Vũ Huy
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyễn Văn Kính
- National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Road, Dong Da District, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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12
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High prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE viruses among female commercial sex workers residing in Surabaya, Indonesia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82645. [PMID: 24367533 PMCID: PMC3867361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cause serious health problems and have an impact on the Indonesian economy. In addition, the rapid epidemic growth of HIV is continuing in Indonesia. Commercial sex plays a significant role in the spread of HIV; therefore, in order to reveal the current HIV prevalence rate among commercial sex workers (CSWs), we conducted an epidemiological study on HIV infection among CSWs residing in Surabaya, the capital of East Java province of Indonesia with large communities of CSWs. Methodology/Principal Findings The prevalence of HIV infection among 200 CSWs was studied. In addition, the subtype of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and the prevalence of other blood-borne viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and GB virus C (GBV-C), were studied. The prevalence rates of HIV, hepatitis B core antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV antibodies and anti-GBV-C antibodies were 11%, 64%, 4%, 0.5% and 0% among CSWs involved in this study, respectively. HIV-1 CRF01_AE viral gene fragments were detected in most HIV-positive samples. In addition, most CSWs showed low awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and had unprotected sex with their clients. Conclusions/Significance The HIV prevalence rate among CSWs was significantly higher than that among the general population in Indonesia (0.2–0.4%). In addition, CSWs were at a high risk of exposure to HBV, although chronic HBV infection was less frequently established. Our results suggest the necessity of efficient prevention programs for HIV and other blood-borne viral infections among CSWs in Surabaya, Indonesia.
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13
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Sereno L, Mesquita F, Kato M, Jacka D, Nguyen TTV, Nguyen TN. Epidemiology, responses, and way forward: the silent epidemic of viral hepatitis and HIV coinfection in Vietnam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 11:311-20. [PMID: 22828983 DOI: 10.1177/1545109712453939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a disease of great concern to public health that is now met by a favorable momentum to combat the global epidemic. This article is intended to highlight the importance of viral hepatitis in the Vietnam population as well in the group of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We reviewed available data on epidemiology and response on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV coinfection in Vietnam. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the general population ranged from 5.7% to 24.7%. The anti-HCV prevalence ranged from 0.38% to 4.3% in the general population, while among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) it ranged from 31% to 97.2%. The HBV prevalence among PLWHA is similar to the general population, while HCV/HIV coinfection is concentrated in some groups. Anti-HCV prevalence among HIV-infected PWIDs can be as high as 98.5%. Developing policies for diagnosis and treatment of chronic HBV and HCV infections are critical priorities in order to prevent clinical progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Sereno
- 1World Health Organization Vietnam Country Office, Hanoi, Vietnam
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14
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Dunford L, Carr MJ, Dean J, Nguyen LT, Ta Thi TH, Nguyen BT, Connell J, Coughlan S, Nguyen HT, Hall WW, Thi LAN. A multicentre molecular analysis of hepatitis B and blood-borne virus coinfections in Viet Nam. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39027. [PMID: 22720022 PMCID: PMC3374772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HBV) infection is endemic in Viet Nam, with up to 8.4 million individuals estimated to be chronically infected. We describe results of a large, multicentre seroepidemiological and molecular study of the prevalence of HBV infection and blood-borne viral coinfections in Viet Nam. Individuals with varying risk factors for infection (n = 8654) were recruited from five centres; Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Khanh Hoa and Can Tho. A mean prevalence rate of 10.7% was observed and levels of HBsAg were significantly higher in injecting drug users (IDUs) (17.4%, n = 174/1000) and dialysis patients (14.3%, n = 82/575) than in lower-risk groups (9.4%; p<0.001). Coinfection with HIV was seen in 28% of HBV-infected IDUs (n = 49/174) and 15.2% of commercial sex workers (CSWs; n = 15/99). HCV infection was present in 89.8% of the HBV-HIV coinfected IDUs (n = 44/49) and 40% of HBV-HIV coinfected CSWs (n = 16/40). Anti-HDV was detected in 10.7% (n = 34/318) of HBsAg positive individuals. Phylogenetic analysis of HBV S gene (n = 187) showed a predominance of genotype B4 (82.6%); genotypes C1 (14.6%), B2 (2.7%) and C5 (0.5%) were also identified. The precore mutation G1896A was identified in 35% of all specimens, and was more frequently observed in genotype B (41%) than genotype C (3%; p<0.0001). In the immunodominant 'a' region of the surface gene, point mutations were identified in 31% (n = 58/187) of sequences, and 2.2% (n = 4/187) and 5.3% (n = 10/187) specimens contained the major vaccine escape mutations G145A/R and P120L/Q/S/T, respectively. 368 HBsAg positive individuals were genotyped for the IL28B SNP rs12979860 and no significant association between the IL28B SNP and clearance of HBsAg, HBV viral load or HBeAg was observed. This study confirms the high prevalence of HBV infection in Viet Nam and also highlights the significant levels of blood-borne virus coinfections, which have important implications for hepatitis-related morbidity and development of effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Dunford
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Carr
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Dean
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Hong Ta Thi
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Binh Thanh Nguyen
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Jeff Connell
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzie Coughlan
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hien Tran Nguyen
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - William W. Hall
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (LANT); (WWH)
| | - Lan Anh Nguyen Thi
- Ireland Viet Nam Blood-Borne Virus Initiative (IVVI), Dublin, Ireland and Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
- * E-mail: (LANT); (WWH)
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15
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HIV/HBV Co-Infections: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Treatment: A Review Article. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 13:855-62. [PMID: 22737429 PMCID: PMC3371904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, one of the major health priorities, accounts approximately for 350 million chronic cases and a global total of 33 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world.Co-infection with HIV and the HBV presents a significant challenge to health care providers, with different prevalence rates in different parts of the world. It is important to screen all HIV infected individuals for HBV infection and reverse. Infection with HBV becomes more violent in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV/HBV co-infected individuals are at increased risk of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and of experiencing HAART toxicity. In this review, the latest statistics on epidemiology of HIV, HBV and their co-infection has been presented along with prominent characteristics of HBV. Transmission routes which are the common between HBV and HIV are described and the most important ones are described according to the regional and age features. Also, there is a series of actions being performed once HBV infections occur to prevent HIV or to diagnose if the HBV-infected individuals are also infected with HIV. As in treatment case, some of the frequent treatment methods including applying interferon and using nucleoside and nucleotide analogues have been discussed. Finally, we would explain the new recommendations for treating patients who were co-infected with HBV and HIV, including staging HBV and HIV treatment, based on the stage of each disease. It also outlines the optimal treatment options, whether the patient is treated for HBV first, HIV first, or HIV and HBV together.
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