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Mustafa FH, Ismail I, Ahmad Munawar AAZ, Abdul Basir B, Shueb RH, Irekeola AA, Wan Ismail WZ, Jamaludin J, Balakrishnan SR, Sahrim M, Yusof NY. A review on current diagnostic tools and potential optical absorption spectroscopy for HFMD detection. Anal Biochem 2023; 683:115368. [PMID: 37890549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is an outbreak infectious disease that can easily spread among children under the age of five. The most common causative agents of HFMD are enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), but infection caused by EV71 is more associated with fatalities due to severe neurological disorders. The present diagnosis methods rely on physical examinations by the doctors and further confirmation by laboratories detection methods such as viral culture and polymerase chain reaction. Clinical signs of HFMD infection and other childhood diseases such as chicken pox, and allergies are similar, yet the genetics and pathogenicity of the viruses are substantially different. Thus, there is an urgent need for an early screening of HFMD using an inexpensive and user-friendly device that can directly detect the causative agents of the disease. This paper reviews current HFMD diagnostic methods based on various target types, such as nucleic acid, protein, and whole virus. This was followed by a thorough discussion on the emerging sensing technologies for HFMD detection, including surface plasmon resonance, electrochemical sensor, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Lastly, optical absorption spectroscopic method was critically discussed and proposed as a promising technology for HFMD screening and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Hamimi Mustafa
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu, 81310, Johor, Malaysia; Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Irneza Ismail
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Aiman Zuhaily Ahmad Munawar
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Basmah Abdul Basir
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, PMB 4412, Offa Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Wan Zakiah Wan Ismail
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Juliza Jamaludin
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharma Rao Balakrishnan
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Mus'ab Sahrim
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Engku Abd Rahman ENS, Irekeola AA, Shueb RH, Mat Lazim N, Mohamud R, Chen X, Ghazali L, Awang NMSH, Haron A, Chan YY. Aberrant frequency of TNFR2-expressing CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cytokine 2023; 170:156341. [PMID: 37657236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
TNFR2 is a surface marker of highly suppressive subset of CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in humans and mice. This study examined the TNFR2 expression by Tregs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and healthy controls. The proliferation, migration, survival of TNFR2+ Tregs, and association with clinicopathological characteristics were assessed. The expression levels of selected cytokines were also determined. The results demonstrated that in both peripheral blood (PB) (10.45 ± 5.71%) and tumour microenvironment (TME) (54.38 ± 16.15%) of NPC patients, Tregs expressed TNFR2 at noticeably greater levels than conventional T cells (Tconvs) (3.91 ± 2.62%, p < 0.0001), akin to healthy controls. Expression of TNFR2 (1.06 ± 0.99%) was correlated better than CD25+ (0.40 ± 0.46%) and CD127-/low (1.00 ± 0.83% ) with FoxP3 expression in NPC PB (p = 0.0005). Though there was no significant association between TNFR2 expression with the functional capacity (proliferation, migration and survival) of Tregs (p > 0.05), the proportions of PB and TME TNFR2+ Tregs in NPC patients showed more proliferative, higher migration capacity, and better survival ability, as compared to those in healthy controls. Furthermore, TNFR2+ Tregs from NPC patients expressed significantly higher amounts of IL-6 (p = 0.0077), IL-10 (p = 0.0001), IFN-γ (p = 0.0105) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001) than those from healthy controls. Most significantly, TNFR2 expression in maximally suppressive Tregs population were linked to WHO Type III histological type, distant metastasis, progressive disease status, and poor prognosis for NPC patients. Hence, our research implies that TNFR2 expression by PB and TME Tregs may be a useful predictive indicator in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engku Nur Syafirah Engku Abd Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, PMB 4412, Offa Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078 Macau
| | - Liyana Ghazali
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Syahrul Hafizzi Awang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Haron
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Jalan Hospital, 15200 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yean Yean Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Abu N, Chinnathambi S, Kumar M, Etezadi F, Bakhori NM, Zubir ZA, Md Salleh SN, Shueb RH, Karthikeyan S, Thangavel V, Abdullah J, Pandian GN. Development of biomass waste-based carbon quantum dots and their potential application as non-toxic bioimaging agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28230-28249. [PMID: 37753403 PMCID: PMC10518661 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have advanced significantly and gained substantial attention for their numerous benefits. These benefits include their simple preparation, cost-effectiveness, small size, biocompatibility, bright luminescence, and low cytotoxicity. As a result, they hold great potential for various fields, including bioimaging. A fascinating aspect of synthesizing CQDs is that it can be accomplished by using biomass waste as the precursor. Furthermore, the synthesis approach allows for control over the physicochemical characteristics. This paper unequivocally examines the production of CQDs from biomass waste and their indispensable application in bioimaging. The synthesis process involves a simple one-pot hydrothermal method that utilizes biomass waste as a carbon source, eliminating the need for expensive and toxic reagents. The resulting CQDs exhibit tunable fluorescence and excellent biocompatibility, making them suitable for bioimaging applications. The successful application of biomass-derived CQDs has been demonstrated through biological evaluation studies in various cell lines, including HeLa, Cardiomyocyte, and iPS, as well as in medaka fish eggs and larvae. Using biomass waste as a precursor for CQDs synthesis provides an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional methods. The resulting CQDs have potential applications in various fields, including bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayah Abu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Shanmugavel Chinnathambi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Mahima Kumar
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Fatemeh Etezadi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Noremylia Mohd Bakhori
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Zuhana Ahmad Zubir
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Nizam Md Salleh
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim, Hi-Tech Park 09000 Kulim Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150 Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Subramani Karthikeyan
- Centre for Healthcare Advancement, Innovation and Research, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600 127 India
| | - Vaijayanthi Thangavel
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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Abu N, Mohd Bakhori N, Shueb RH. Lateral Flow Assay for Hepatitis B Detection: A Review of Current and New Assays. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1239. [PMID: 37374824 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
From acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer, hepatitis B infection causes a broad spectrum of liver diseases. Molecular and serological tests have been used to diagnose hepatitis B-related illnesses. Due to technology limitations, it is challenging to identify hepatitis B infection cases at an early stage, particularly in a low- and middle-income country with constrained resources. Generally, the gold-standard methods to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires dedicated personnel, bulky, expensive equipment and reagents, and long processing times which delay the diagnosis of HBV. Thus, lateral flow assay (LFA), which is inexpensive, straightforward, portable, and operates reliably, has dominated point-of-care diagnostics. LFA consists of four parts: a sample pad where samples are dropped; a conjugate pad where labeled tags and biomarker components are combined; a nitrocellulose membrane with test and control lines for target DNA-probe DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interaction; and a wicking pad where waste is stored. By modifying the pre-treatment during the sample preparation process or enhancing the signal of the biomarker probes on the membrane pad, the accuracy of the LFA for qualitative and quantitative analysis can be improved. In this review, we assembled the most recent developments in LFA technologies for the progress of hepatitis B infection detection. Prospects for ongoing development in this area are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhidayah Abu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Noremylia Mohd Bakhori
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Bello KE, Mat Jusoh TNA, Irekeola AA, Abu N, Mohd Amin NAZ, Mustaffa N, Shueb RH. A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071011. [PMID: 37046937 PMCID: PMC10094200 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite introducing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, the incidence of the Hepatitis B virus globally is still a major health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide detailed information on the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in circulation in Asia. Methods: A systematic search for articles describing the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Asia was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Our search returned 207 eligible articles involving 49,279 genotypes and 7457 subtypes representing 28 Asian countries. A meta-analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the Random effect Model. The pooled prevalence of HBV genotypes showed that genotype C (30.9%) (95% CI, 27.5–34.5%; I2 = 97.57%; p < 0.001) was the most common HBV genotype in Asia, followed by genotype B (17.8%) (95% CI, 15.5–20.4%; I2 = 97.26%; p < 0.001) and genotype D (15.4%) (95% CI, 11.8–19.8%). Vietnam had the highest prevalence of genotype B, Lebanon had the highest prevalence of genotypes C, and Jordan had the highest prevalence of genotype D. There was variation in genotypic prevalence with respect to the target genes for HBV genotyping. Reverse dot blot hybridization had the highest estimate of genotypes B and C. HBV subtype C2 (40.0%) (95% CI, 33.3–47.0) is the most prevalent HBV subtype. Conclusion: Evidence from this study reveals that HBV genotypes C and B are the most dominant HBV genotypes in Asia, and HBV subtype C2 is more endemic in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizito Eneye Bello
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Kogi State University (Prince Abubakar Audu University), Anyigba 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Tuan Nur Akmalina Mat Jusoh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa 4412, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Norhidayah Abu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (A.M.R.E.C.), Lot 34 Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalin Zahirah Mohd Amin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Mustaffa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (I.N.F.O.R.M.M.), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ahmad S, Mohd Noor N, Engku Nur Syafirah EAR, Irekeola AA, Shueb RH, Chan YY, Barnes PJ, Mohamud R. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor for Supplementary Management in Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:77-85. [PMID: 36795972 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) is recognized as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases, including asthma. In severe forms of asthma, biologics such as anti-TNF are rendered to be investigated as therapeutic options in severe asthma. Hence, this work is done to assess the efficacy and safety of anti-TNF as a supplementary therapy for patients with severe asthma. A systematic search of 3 databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov) was performed to identify for published and unpublished randomized controlled trials comparing anti-TNF (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab) with placebo in patients diagnosed with persistent or severe asthma. Random-effects model was used to estimate risk ratios and mean differences (MDs) with confidence intervals (95% CIs). PROSPERO registration number is CRD42020172006. Four trials with 489 randomized patients were included. Comparison between etanercept and placebo involved 3 trials while comparison between golimumab and placebo involved 1 trial. Etanercept produced a small but significant impairment in forced expiratory flow in 1 second (MD 0.33, 95% CI 0.09-0.57, I2 statistic = 0%, P = 0.008) and a modest improvement of asthma control using the Asthma Control Questionnaire. However, using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, the patients exhibit an impaired quality of life with etanercept. Treatment with etanercept showed a reduced injection site reaction and gastroenteritis compared with placebo. Although treatment with anti-TNF is shown to improve asthma control, severe asthma patients did not benefit from this therapy as there is limited evidence for improvement in lung function and reduction of asthma exacerbation. Hence, it is unlikely to prescribe anti-TNF in adults with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Mohd Noor
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - E A R Engku Nur Syafirah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa, Nigeria
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Yean Yean Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Kanapathy S, Obande GA, Chuah C, Shueb RH, Yean CY, Banga Singh KK. Sequence-Specific Electrochemical Genosensor for Rapid Detection of blaOXA-51-like Gene in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1413. [PMID: 35889132 PMCID: PMC9322073 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) are phenotypically indistinguishable from the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus−A. baumannii (ACB) complex members using routine laboratory methods. Early diagnosis plays an important role in controlling A. baumannii infections and this could be assisted by the development of a rapid, yet sensitive diagnostic test. In this study, we developed an enzyme-based electrochemical genosensor for asymmetric PCR (aPCR) amplicon detection of the blaOXA-51-like gene in A. baumannii. A. baumanniiblaOXA-51-like gene PCR primers were designed, having the reverse primer modified at the 5′ end with FAM. A blaOXA-51-like gene sequence-specific biotin labelled capture probe was designed and immobilized using a synthetic oligomer (FAM-labelled) deposited on the working electrode of a streptavidin-modified, screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The zot gene was used as an internal control with biotin and FAM labelled as forward and reverse primers, respectively. The blaOXA-51-like gene was amplified using asymmetric PCR (aPCR) to generate single-stranded amplicons that were detected using the designed SPCE. The amperometric current response was detected with a peroxidase-conjugated, anti-fluorescein antibody. The assay was tested using reference and clinical A. baumannii strains and other nosocomial bacteria. The analytical sensitivity of the assay at the genomic level and bacterial cell level was 0.5 pg/mL (1.443 µA) and 103 CFU/mL, respectively. The assay was 100% specific and sensitive for A. baumannii. Based on accelerated stability performance, the developed genosensor was stable for 1.6 years when stored at 4 °C and up to 28 days at >25 °C. The developed electrochemical genosensor is specific and sensitive and could be useful for rapid, accurate diagnosis of A. baumannii infections even in temperate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnaletchumi Kanapathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.K.); (C.C.); (R.H.S.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Godwin Attah Obande
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia 950101, Nasarawa State, Nigeria;
| | - Candy Chuah
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.K.); (C.C.); (R.H.S.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.K.); (C.C.); (R.H.S.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.K.); (C.C.); (R.H.S.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.K.); (C.C.); (R.H.S.); (C.Y.Y.)
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8
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Raypah ME, Faris AN, Mohd Azlan M, Yusof NY, Suhailin FH, Shueb RH, Ismail I, Mustafa FH. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Potential COVID-19 Early Detection Method: A Review and Future Perspective. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22124391. [PMID: 35746172 PMCID: PMC9229781 DOI: 10.3390/s22124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide health anxiety. The rapid dispersion of the infection globally results in unparalleled economic, social, and health impacts. The pathogen that causes COVID-19 is known as a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A fast and low-cost diagnosis method for COVID-19 disease can play an important role in controlling its proliferation. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a quick, non-destructive, non-invasive, and inexpensive technique for profiling the chemical and physical structures of a wide range of samples. Furthermore, the NIRS has the advantage of incorporating the internet of things (IoT) application for the effective control and treatment of the disease. In recent years, a significant advancement in instrumentation and spectral analysis methods has resulted in a remarkable impact on the NIRS applications, especially in the medical discipline. To date, NIRS has been applied as a technique for detecting various viruses including zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), influenza, hepatitis C, dengue (DENV), and human immunodeficiency (HIV). This review aims to outline some historical and contemporary applications of NIRS in virology and its merit as a novel diagnostic technique for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna E. Raypah
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Asma Nadia Faris
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.N.F.); (M.M.A.); (N.Y.Y.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Mawaddah Mohd Azlan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.N.F.); (M.M.A.); (N.Y.Y.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.N.F.); (M.M.A.); (N.Y.Y.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Fariza Hanim Suhailin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.N.F.); (M.M.A.); (N.Y.Y.); (R.H.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Irneza Ismail
- Advanced Devices & System (ADS) Research Group, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (I.I.); (F.H.M.); Tel.: +60-7986569 (I.I.); +60-9-7672432 (F.H.M.)
| | - Fatin Hamimi Mustafa
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.N.F.); (M.M.A.); (N.Y.Y.); (R.H.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.I.); (F.H.M.); Tel.: +60-7986569 (I.I.); +60-9-7672432 (F.H.M.)
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Abusalah MAH, Irekeola AA, Hanim Shueb R, Jarrar M, Yean Yean C. Prognostic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) miRNA biomarkers for survival outcome in EBV-associated epithelial malignancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266893. [PMID: 35436288 PMCID: PMC9015129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The EBV-associated epithelial tumours consist 80% of all EBV-associated cancer, where the nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) are considered as the most frequent EBV-associated epithelial tumours. It has been shown that the BART-encoded miRNAs are abundantly expressed in EBV-associated epithelial tumours, hence, these miRNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for EBV-associated epithelial tumours. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess these EBV miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for NPC and GC.
Method
This systematic review was developed based on PRISMA guidelines and utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google scholar databases. The retrieved articles were thoroughly screened in accordance with the selection criteria. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for patient survival outcomes were used to evaluate EBV miRNA expression levels. To assess the risk of bias, funnel plot symmetry and Egger’s bias test were employed.
Result
Eleven studies met the selection criteria for inclusion, and four were included in the meta-analysis. Most of the articles considered in this study were from China, with one study from South Korea. The overall pooled effect size estimation (HR) for upregulated EBV miRNAs was 3.168 (95% CI: 2.020–4.969), demonstrating that upregulated EBV miRNA expression enhanced the mortality risk in NPC and GC patients by three times.
Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that investigates the significance of EBV miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in NPC and GC patients. The pooled effect estimates of HR of the various studies revealed that higher EBV miRNA expression in NPC and GC may result in a worse survival outcome. To assess the clinical significance of EBV miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers, larger-scale prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mu’taman Jarrar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail: ,
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Irekeola AA, E.A.R. ENS, Wada Y, Mohamud R, Mat Lazim N, Yean CY, Shueb RH. Prevalence of EBV infection in 1157 diseased cohorts in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:420-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Irekeola AA, Ear ENS, Mohd Amin NAZ, Mustaffa N, Shueb RH. Antivirals against HCV infection: the story thus far. J Infect Dev Ctries 2022; 16:231-243. [PMID: 35298416 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable scientific breakthroughs have been made in the stride towards the development of potent and tolerable hepatitis C regimens within the last three decades. Earlier approaches involved the use of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin as standard-of-care treatment. Treating genotype 1a infection with this regimen which was at that time considered the gold standard for hepatitis C virus therapy was rife with challenges; safety and toxicity issues necessitated a rigorous quest for alternative regimens. Deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus ushered in the era of direct acting antiviral agents. These agents have been the subject of intensive research in the last two decades, leading to the development of drug classes such as protease inhibitors (e.g., grazoprevir), NS5A inhibitors (e.g., daclatasvir) and NS5B inhibitors (e.g., sofosbuvir). While many are still under development, several have been approved for hepatitis C therapy. A number of studies investigating the combination of direct acting antiviral agents with or without pegylated interferon and/or ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis have demonstrated sustained virologic response of > 90%. Given the array of direct acting antiviral agents currently available, the present landscape of hepatitis C therapy is now characterized by a gradual transition to all-oral interferon-free regimens. Despite these milestones, the WHO global target of eliminating hepatitis C as a public health problem by 2030 seems uncertain. In this review, we provide a concise account of the evolution and advancements in the development of anti-HCV regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Engku Nur Syafirah Ear
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalin Zahirah Mohd Amin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Mustaffa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Mohd Asri NA, Ahmad S, Mohamud R, Mohd Hanafi N, Mohd Zaidi NF, Irekeola AA, Shueb RH, Yee LC, Mohd Noor N, Mustafa FH, Yean CY, Yusof NY. Global Prevalence of Nosocomial Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1508. [PMID: 34943720 PMCID: PMC8698758 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nosocomial multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an escalating public health threat worldwide. The prevalence of nosocomial infections due to K. pneumoniae was recorded up to 10%. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, which were conducted according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 1092 articles were screened from four databases of which 47 studies fulfilled the selected criteria. By performing a random-effect model, the pooled prevalence of nosocomial multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae was estimated at 32.8% (95% CI, 23.6-43.6), with high heterogeneity (I2 98.29%, p-value < 0.001). The estimated prevalence of this pathogen and a few related studies were discussed, raising awareness of the spread of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in the healthcare setting. The emergence of nosocomial multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae is expected to increase globally in the future, and the best treatments for treating and preventing this pathogen should be acknowledged by healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ain Mohd Asri
- Health Campus, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.M.A.); (N.F.M.Z.); (F.H.M.)
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kuliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (S.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (S.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Nurmardhiah Mohd Hanafi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kuliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Fatihah Mohd Zaidi
- Health Campus, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.M.A.); (N.F.M.Z.); (F.H.M.)
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Leow Chiuan Yee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Glugor 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Norhayati Mohd Noor
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Fatin Hamimi Mustafa
- Health Campus, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.M.A.); (N.F.M.Z.); (F.H.M.)
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Health Campus, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.M.A.); (N.F.M.Z.); (F.H.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Health Campus, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (N.A.M.A.); (N.F.M.Z.); (F.H.M.)
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Irekeola AA, Malek NA, Wada Y, Mustaffa N, Muhamad NI, Shueb RH. Prevalence of HCV genotypes and subtypes in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251673. [PMID: 34014997 PMCID: PMC8136688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Known for its high genetic diversity and variation in genotypic presence in different regions of the world, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to infect about 71 million people globally. Selection of an appropriate therapeutic regimen largely depends on the identification of the genotype responsible for the infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive view of HCV genotype and subtype distribution in Southeast Asia (SEA). The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched five databases without year and language restrictions. Data from 90 eligible studies involving 15,089 genotypes and 9,646 subtypes representing 10 SEA countries were analyzed. The pooled estimates showed that genotype 1 (46.8%) [95% CI, 43.2–50.4; I2 = 92.77%; p < 0.001] was the most dominant HCV genotype in the region, followed by genotype 3 (23.1%) [95% CI, 19.4–27.2; I2 = 93.03%; p < 0.001], genotype 6 (16.5%) [95% CI, 13.8–19.6], genotype 2 (4.6%) [95% CI, 3.5–5.9], genotype 4 (1.1%) [95% CI, 0.7–1.5] and genotype 5 (0.8%) [95% CI, 0.4–1.3]. Philippines had the highest prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2. Genotype 6 became more prevalent after year 2000. Over 40 different subtypes were identified, with subtypes 1b (26.3%), 1a (21.3%), and 3a (14.3%) being the most prevalent of all the reported subtypes. Although on a global scale, genotype 6 is considered highly prevalent in SEA, evidence from this study reveals that it is the third most prevalent genotype within the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Nurul Adila Malek
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Nazri Mustaffa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izat Muhamad
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Irekeola AA, Shueb RH, E. A. R. ENS, Wada Y, Abdul Rahman Z, Ahmad S, Mohamud R, Mat Lazim N, Yean CY. Prevalence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Patients with Dermatomyositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081886. [PMID: 33919987 PMCID: PMC8071042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in patients suffering dermatomyositis was necessitated by the absence of a true and reliable prevalence estimate necessary to adequately inform medical preparedness and decisions. Following a careful review of literature and data analyses, a prevalence of 3.3% was found. It is hoped that a clear knowledge of the actual prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in dermatomyositis patients would not only help sensitize clinicians and patients about the frequency of these disease conditions but would also enhance the adoption of precautions essential to mitigate their co-occurrence in patients. Abstract For more than 50 years, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been associated with dermatomyositis (DM), a rare idiopathic inflammatory disorder that mainly affects the skin and muscles. Although the association between these rare diseases is well-documented, the actual prevalence of NPC in DM patients remains unknown. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched without year or language restrictions for studies reporting the occurrence of NPC in DM patients. The study protocol was lodged with PROSPERO (CRD42021225335). A total of 95 studies covering 303 cases of NPC among 16,010 DM patients was included. Summary estimates were calculated using the random-effects model. The pooled prevalence of NPC in DM was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.5–4.3). When stratified according to study location, higher prevalence estimates were obtained for Hong Kong (36.5%), Malaysia (27.7%), and Singapore (11.9%). There was a predominance of cases among male DM patients compared with females, and most patients were aged 40 and above. Many of the NPC cases were found to be diagnosed after the diagnosis of DM. It is therefore pertinent to screen for NPC in DM patients, especially among older DM patients in the Asian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa PMB 4412, Nigeria
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Yusuf Wada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Nigeria
| | - Zaidah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (S.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (Y.W.); (Z.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
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Barkhadle NI, Mohamud R, Mat Jusoh TNA, Shueb RH. In vitro Evaluation of Anti-Chikungunya Virus Activities of Tualang Honey. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:42-49. [PMID: 33797523 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya is an infection caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Although chikungunya has affected many countries in recent times, specific treatment or licensed vaccine are nonexistent. In this study the potential antiviral properties of Tualang honey against in vitro CHIKV infection was evaluated. Cytotoxic test was performed using the XTT Cell Viability assay to determine maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) in Vero cells. Using plaque assay, the potential antiviral activities of Tualang honey at various non-toxic concentrations and treatment regimens were evaluated. Tualang honey demonstrated virucidal effect with maximum inhibition CHIKV observed was 99.71% (p< 0.05). Tualang honey also had a prophylactic property by conferring protection to Vero cells during pre-treatment assay, resulting in up to 98.22% reduction of CHIKV replication under certain treatment regimen. Furthermore, Tualang honey exhibited anti-viral activities, with as much as 94.87% inhibition following post-treatment assay of Tualang honey in CHIKV-infected Vero cells. Additionally, Tualang honey also affected viral entry up to 82.21% after 48 hours of infection. These results suggest that Tualang honey has wide anti-CHIKV activities in Vero cells and exerts its effect through different mechanisms although these need to be further validated in other cells or model of CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Barkhadle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - T N A Mat Jusoh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R H Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Parkash O, Abdullah MA, Yean CY, Sekaran SD, Shueb RH. Development and Evaluation of an Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Dengue-Specific IgM Antibody in Serum Samples. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010033. [PMID: 33375384 PMCID: PMC7824051 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arbovirus disease transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. As dengue shares similar clinical symptoms with other infectious diseases, prompt and accurate diagnosis is pivotal to clinicians' decisions on appropriate management. Conventional diagnostic tests to detect the dengue-specific IgM antibody are limited in their performance and ease of use. To address these issues, we developed and evaluated a biosensor based on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the detection of dengue-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Various optimisations were performed in order to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor. For optimal and proper orientation of the paratope sites of goat anti-human IgM capture antibodies (GAHICA), various antibody techniques, including passive, covalent, protein A, protein G and streptavidin/biotin systems, were tested on the SPCEs. The assay reagents for the biosensor were also optimised prior to its evaluation. Analytical sensitivity evaluation was carried out using pooled sera, while analytical specificity evaluation was conducted on a panel of six non-dengue serum samples. Subsequently, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity evaluation were performed using 144 reference samples. Electrochemical current signals generated from H2O2 catalysed by HRP-labelled anti-dengue detection antibodies were measured using the chronoamperometric technique. With a limit of detection (LOD) of 106 serum dilution, the analytical sensitivity of the developed biosensor was 10 times higher than commercial ELISA. The analytical specificity of this dengue IgM biosensor was 100%. Similarly, the biosensor's diagnostic performance was 100% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). These findings suggest that the developed biosensor has a great potential to be used to diagnose dengue after seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Parkash
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (O.P.); (M.A.A.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohatrama Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana 71770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amiruddin Abdullah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (O.P.); (M.A.A.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (O.P.); (M.A.A.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1 Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia; (O.P.); (M.A.A.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9767-6255
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Irekeola AA, E. A. R. ENS, Mat Lazim N, Mohamud R, Yean CY, Shueb RH. Technical Considerations in Ex Vivo Human Regulatory T Cell Migration and Suppression Assays. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020487. [PMID: 32093265 PMCID: PMC7072784 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are renowned for maintaining homeostasis and self-tolerance through their ability to suppress immune responses. For over two decades, Tregs have been the subject of intensive research. The immunosuppressive and migratory potentials of Tregs have been exploited, especially in the areas of cancer, autoimmunity and vaccine development, and many assay protocols have since been developed. However, variations in assay conditions in different studies, as well as covert experimental factors, pose a great challenge to the reproducibility of results. Here, we focus on human Tregs derived from clinical samples and highlighted caveats that should be heeded when conducting Tregs suppression and migration assays. We particularly delineated how factors such as sample processing, choice of reagents and equipment, optimization and other experimental conditions could introduce bias into the assay, and we subsequently proffer recommendations to enhance reliability and reproducibility of results. It is hoped that prioritizing these factors will reduce the tendencies of generating false and misleading results, and thus, help improve our understanding and interpretation of Tregs functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa PMB 4412, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.A.I.); (E.N.S.E.A.R.); (C.Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Ahmad MH, Ibrahim MI, Mohamed Z, Ismail N, Abdullah MA, Shueb RH, Shafei MN. Reply to Comments on the Study "The Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Warning Signs in Predicting Severe Dengue, the Severe Dengue Prevalence and its Associated Factors". Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16081380. [PMID: 30999608 PMCID: PMC6518230 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thank you for the comments received on the article "The Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Warning Signs in Predicting Severe Dengue, the Severe Dengue Prevalence and its Associated Factors" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hanief Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nabilah Ismail
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Amiruddin Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Ahmad MH, Ibrahim MI, Mohamed Z, Ismail N, Abdullah MA, Shueb RH, Shafei MN. The Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Warning Signs in Predicting Severe Dengue, the Severe Dengue Prevalence and Its Associated Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15092018. [PMID: 30223572 PMCID: PMC6163319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To study Malaysian dengue clinical practice guideline (CPG) warning signs (WS) in predicting severe dengue (SD) and its associated factors among confirmed cases presented to a teaching hospital in north-eastern Malaysia in 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in February 2015 using secondary data acquired from the hospital records. There were 2607 confirmed dengue cases presented to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) in 2014. Seven hundred patients were selected after proportionate stratified random sampling conducted according to the number of cases in 12 different months in 2014. Data were collected and analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Severe dengue outcomes represented 4.9% of cases. The prevalence of any of WS in SD was 91.2%. The most common WSs prior to SD were persistent vomiting (55.9%), and abdominal pain/tenderness (52.9%). The most sensitive warning sign in detecting SD was abdominal pain (59%). Specificity of individual WS were generally good, especially of clinical fluid accumulation (99%), hepatomegaly (98%) and mucosal bleeding (93%). Factors associated with SD were persistent vomiting (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR)): 2.41), mucosal bleeding (aOR: 4.73) and haematocrit rise with rapid platelet drop (aOR: 2.74). Conclusion: A focus on sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and association of a number of particular WS should be emphasized in order to better predict severe dengue outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hanief Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nabilah Ismail
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Amiruddin Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nazri Shafei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Kho HP, Leow CY, Shueb RH, Leow CH, Lim BH, Chua C. A hypothetical oxidative stress regulatory role of alpha giardins in the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis. Trop Biomed 2018; 35:41-49. [PMID: 33601775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This microaerophilic protozoan is capable of surviving in the host intestine in the presence of both oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS), despite the lack of conventional ROS-scavenging enzymes. The understanding of how G. intestinalis tolerates free radicals could help to identify essential biological processes that protect themselves against oxidative stress within the human gut. This review outlines the antioxidant mechanisms that are utilized by G. intestinalis, with an emphasis on the potential novel role of alpha giardins. The comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in oxidative stress management may provide new insights into improved treatments for giardiasis, and other medically important protozoan parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kho
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - C Y Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R H Shueb
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - C H Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - B H Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - C Chua
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mohamat SA, Shueb RH, Che Mat NF. Anti-viral Activities of Oroxylum indicum Extracts on Chikungunya Virus Infection. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:68-75. [PMID: 29434399 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus that poses a threat to human worldwide. Driven by the lack of approved medication and vaccination, research on anti-Chikungunya agents has received great attention. In an effort to determine potential inhibitor of CHIKV, this study aimed at investigating the potential anti-viral activity of Oroxylum indicum extracts towards CHIKV-infected Vero cells. The virucidal, pre- and post-treatment effects of O. indicum were evaluated, using the maximum non-toxic dose of O. indicum methanol and aqueous extracts as determined by cytotoxicity assay. The viral inhibitory effect was assessed by the morphological changes of Vero cells and further confirmed by plaque assay. Both methanol and aqueous extracts of O. indicum had similar cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Interestingly, the virucidal effect of O. indicum aqueous extract revealed a significant reduction on the viral titre (p < 0.05). The prophylactic effect of aqueous extract was demonstrated when the pre-treated cells exhibited a significant anti-CHIKV activity (p < 0.05). However, methanol extract of this plant exerted an anti-viral activity against CHIKV only to a certain extent. Therefore, the aqueous extract of this plant has a potential to inhibit the virus and acts as prophylactic agent against CHIKV. Further studies however are needed to substantiate the finding and to determine the important compound of this plant as well as the mechanism of action in treating CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuhadaratul Aini Mohamat
- 1School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nor Fazila Che Mat
- 1School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
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22
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Mat Jusoh TNA, Shueb RH. Performance Evaluation of Commercial Dengue Diagnostic Tests for Early Detection of Dengue in Clinical Samples. J Trop Med 2017; 2017:4687182. [PMID: 29379526 PMCID: PMC5742879 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4687182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The shattering rise in dengue virus infections globally has created a need for an accurate and validated rapid diagnostic test for this virus. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic detection are useful tools for diagnosis of early dengue infection. We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of nonstructural 1 (NS1) RDT and real-time RT-PCR diagnostic kits in 86 patient serum samples. Thirty-six samples were positive for dengue NS1 antigen while the remaining 50 were negative when tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Commercially available RDTs for NS1 detection, RTK ProDetect™, and SD Bioline showed high sensitivity of 94% and 89%, respectively, compared with ELISA. GenoAmp® Trioplex Real-Time RT-PCR and RealStar® Dengue RT-PCR tests presented a comparable kappa agreement with 0.722. The result obtained from GenoAmp® Real-Time RT-PCR Dengue test showed that 14 samples harbored dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1), 8 samples harbored DENV-2, 2 samples harbored DENV-3, and 1 sample harbored DENV-4. 1 sample had a double infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2. The NS1 RDTs and real-time RT-PCR tests were found to be a useful diagnostic for early and rapid diagnosis of acute dengue and an excellent surveillance tool in our battle against dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Nur Akmalina Mat Jusoh
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Shueb RH, Jusoh SK, Zakaria Z, Haridan US, Sim BLH, Zaid M, Mustaffa N, Mustafa M, Nik 'Yusoff NK, Lee CKC, AbuBakar S, Hoh BP. The identification of copy number variation of CD209 ( DCSIGN ) gene among dengue patients from peninsular Malaysia. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Parkash O, Shueb RH. Diagnosis of Dengue Infection Using Conventional and Biosensor Based Techniques. Viruses 2015; 7:5410-27. [PMID: 26492265 PMCID: PMC4632385 DOI: 10.3390/v7102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by four antigenically different serotypes of dengue virus. This disease is considered as a major public health concern around the world. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine or antiviral drug available for the prevention and treatment of dengue disease. Moreover, clinical features of dengue are indistinguishable from other infectious diseases such as malaria, chikungunya, rickettsia and leptospira. Therefore, prompt and accurate laboratory diagnostic test is urgently required for disease confirmation and patient triage. The traditional diagnostic techniques for the dengue virus are viral detection in cell culture, serological testing, and RNA amplification using reverse transcriptase PCR. This paper discusses the conventional laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of dengue during the acute and convalescent phase and highlights the advantages and limitations of these routine laboratory tests. Subsequently, the biosensor based assays developed using various transducers for the detection of dengue are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Parkash
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Haridan US, Mokhtar U, Machado LR, Abdul Aziz AT, Shueb RH, Zaid M, Sim B, Mustafa M, Nik Yusof NK, Lee CKC, Abu Bakar S, AbuBakar S, Hollox EJ, Boon Peng H. A comparison of assays for accurate copy number measurement of the low-affinity Fc gamma receptor genes FCGR3A and FCGR3B. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116791. [PMID: 25594501 PMCID: PMC4297192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The FCGR3 locus encoding the low affinity activating receptor FcγRIII, plays a vital role in immunity triggered by cellular effector and regulatory functions. Copy number of the genes FCGR3A and FCGR3B has previously been reported to affect susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, such genetic association studies often yield inconsistent results; hence require assays that are robust with low error rate. We investigated the accuracy and efficiency in estimating FCGR3 CNV by comparing Sequenom MassARRAY and paralogue ratio test-restriction enzyme digest variant ratio (PRT-REDVR). In addition, since many genetic association studies of FCGR3B CNV were carried out using real-time quantitative PCR, we have also included the evaluation of that method’s performance in estimating the multi-allelic CNV of FCGR3B. The qPCR assay exhibited a considerably broader distribution of signal intensity, potentially introducing error in estimation of copy number and higher false positive rates. Both Sequenom and PRT-REDVR showed lesser systematic bias, but Sequenom skewed towards copy number normal (CN = 2). The discrepancy between Sequenom and PRT-REDVR might be attributed either to batch effects noise in individual measurements. Our study suggests that PRT-REDVR is more robust and accurate in genotyping the CNV of FCGR3, but highlights the needs of multiple independent assays for extensive validation when performing a genetic association study with multi-allelic CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Shakina Haridan
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umairah Mokhtar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee R. Machado
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Abu Thalhah Abdul Aziz
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Masliza Zaid
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benedict Sim
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahiran Mustafa
- Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Christopher K. C. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaili Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edward J. Hollox
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hoh Boon Peng
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Ariffin TAATM, Mohamad S, Yusuf WNW, Shueb RH. Antiretroviral drug resistance and HIV-1 subtypes among treatment-naive prisoners in Kelantan, Malaysia. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8:1063-7. [PMID: 25116676 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and continuous reports of HIV-1 strains developing resistance to these drugs is rather alarming, as transmission of resistant viruses to newly infected persons is possible. This study aimed to determine HIV-1 subtypes and the prevalence of primary mutations associated with antiretroviral (ARV) resistance among treatment-naive prisoners on the east coast of Malaysia. METHODOLOGY Viral RNA was extracted from plasma samples of 21 treatment-naive prisoners. Protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions were amplified and sequenced. Stanford HIV database algorithms were used for interpretation of resistance, and phylogenetic analysis was performed for subtype assignment. RESULTS In the PR gene, no antiviral resistance-associated mutation was detected. For RT-associated mutations, K103N was the most prevalent in sequenced samples (14.3%). Genetic subtyping on the pol gene revealed that the majority of the prisoners were infected with subtype CRF33_01B (52.4%). CONCLUSION Continuous surveillance of newly infected individuals is required to help strategize the best antiviral treatment for these patients.
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Al-Fendi A, Shueb RH, Ravichandran M, Yean CY. Isolation and characterization of lytic vibriophage against Vibrio cholerae O1 from environmental water samples in Kelantan, Malaysia. J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54:1036-43. [PMID: 24532381 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Water samples from a variety of sources in Kelantan, Malaysia (lakes, ponds, rivers, ditches, fish farms, and sewage) were screened for the presence of bacteriophages infecting Vibrio cholerae. Ten strains of V. cholerae that appeared to be free of inducible prophages were used as the host strains. Eleven bacteriophage isolates were obtained by plaque assay, three of which were lytic and further characterized. The morphologies of the three lytic phages were similar with each having an icosahedral head (ca. 50-60 nm in diameter), a neck, and a sheathed tail (ca. 90-100 nm in length) characteristic of the family Myoviridae. The genomes of the lytic phages were indistinguishable in length (ca. 33.5 kb), nuclease sensitivity (digestible with DNase I, but not RNase A or S1 nuclease), and restriction enzyme sensitivity (identical banding patterns with HindIII, no digestion with seven other enzymes). Testing for infection against 46 strains of V. cholerae and 16 other species of enteric bacteria revealed that all three isolates had a narrow host range and were only capable of infecting V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba. The similar morphologies, indistinguishable genome characteristics, and identical host ranges of these lytic isolates suggests that they represent one phage, or several very closely related phages, present in different water sources. These isolates are good candidates for further bio-phage-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Fendi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mohamad S, Deris ZZ, Yusoff NK, Ariffin TAATM, Shueb RH. Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia. Braz J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702012000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mohamad S, Deris ZZ, Yusoff NK, Ariffin TAATM, Shueb RH. Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia. Braz J Infect Dis 2012; 16:284-288. [PMID: 22729198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infected children. However, development of ARV resistance in these children is a major public health problem due to lack of availability of and access to new drugs. This study was conducted in order to identify circulating HIV subtypes and recombinant forms and evaluate the drug resistance mutation patterns in 18 HIV-1 infected children failing ARV treatment in Kelantan, Malaysia. Genotyping for codon 1-99 of protease (PR) and 1-250 of reverse transcriptase (RT) were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. Subsequently, these were phylogenetically analyzed to determine the subtypes. CRF33_01B (44.4%) was found to be the predominant HIV subtype, followed by B (27.8%), CRF15_01B (16.7%) and CRF01_AE (11.1%) subtypes. The most prevalent RT mutations were T215F/V/Y (66.7%), D67G/N (55.6%), K219Q/E/R (44.4%), M184V/I (38.9%), K70R/E (27.8%) and M41L (27.8%), associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) resistance; and K103N (55.6%), G190A (33.3%), and K101P/E/H (27.8%) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance. The results showed a possible emergence of CRF33_01B as current predominant subtypes/circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and a high frequency of primary mutations among HIV-1 infected children after failure of ARV therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suharni Mohamad
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Mohamad S, Deris ZZ, Yusoff NK, Tg Mohd Ariffin TAA, Hanim Shueb R. Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia. Braz J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(12)70325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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