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Vieira HH, Bulzu PA, Kasalický V, Haber M, Znachor P, Piwosz K, Ghai R. Isolation of a widespread giant virus implicated in cryptophyte bloom collapse. ISME J 2024; 18:wrae029. [PMID: 38401169 PMCID: PMC10960955 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic cryptophytes are ubiquitous protists that are major participants in the freshwater phytoplankton bloom at the onset of spring. Mortality due to change in environmental conditions and grazing have been recognized as key factors contributing to bloom collapse. In contrast, the role of viral outbreaks as factors terminating phytoplankton blooms remains unknown from freshwaters. Here, we isolated and characterized a cryptophyte virus contributing to the annual collapse of a natural cryptophyte spring bloom population. This viral isolate is also representative for a clade of abundant giant viruses (phylum Nucleocytoviricota) found in freshwaters all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H Vieira
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Paul-Adrian Bulzu
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kasalický
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Haber
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Znachor
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kasia Piwosz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Rohit Ghai
- Department of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Damasceno-Caldeira R, Nunes-Neto JP, Aragão CF, Freitas MNO, Ferreira MS, Castro PHGD, Dias DD, Araújo PADS, Brandão RCF, Nunes BTD, Silva EVPD, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Cruz ACR. Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Yellow Fever Virus: Risk of Reemergence of Urban Yellow Fever in Brazil. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041019. [PMID: 37112999 PMCID: PMC10146658 DOI: 10.3390/v15041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of the emergence and reemergence of zoonoses is high in regions that are under the strong influence of anthropogenic actions, as they contribute to the risk of vector disease transmission. Yellow fever (YF) is among the main pathogenic arboviral diseases in the world, and the Culicidae Aedes albopictus has been proposed as having the potential to transmit the yellow fever virus (YFV). This mosquito inhabits both urban and wild environments, and under experimental conditions, it has been shown to be susceptible to infection by YFV. In this study, the vector competence of the mosquito Ae. albopictus for the YFV was investigated. Female Ae. albopictus were exposed to non-human primates (NHP) of the genus Callithrix infected with YFV via a needle inoculation. Subsequently, on the 14th and 21st days post-infection, the legs, heads, thorax/abdomen and saliva of the arthropods were collected and analyzed by viral isolation and molecular analysis techniques to verify the infection, dissemination and transmission. The presence of YFV was detected in the saliva samples through viral isolation and in the head, thorax/abdomen and legs both by viral isolation and by molecular detection. The susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to YFV confers a potential risk of reemergence of urban YF in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossela Damasceno-Caldeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes-Neto
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Carine Fortes Aragão
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Milene Silveira Ferreira
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Gomes de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Primatas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Programa de Pós'Graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós'Graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós'Graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
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Wanzeller ALM, da Silva FS, Hernández LHA, Barros LJL, Freitas MNO, Santos MM, Gonçalves EDJ, Pantoja JAS, Lima CDS, Lima MF, Costa LRO, das Chagas LL, Silva IF, da Cunha TCADS, do Nascimento BLS, Vasconcelos HB, da Rosa EST, Rodrigues SG, Azevedo RDSDS, Martins LC, Casseb LMN, Chiang JO, Nunes Neto JP, Cruz ACR, Carvalho VL, Vasconcelos PFDC, da Silva EVP. Isolation of Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses with Encephalitogenic Potential Diagnosed by Evandro Chagas Institute (Pará, Brazil) in the Period of 1954-2022: Six Decades of Discoveries. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040935. [PMID: 37112917 PMCID: PMC10146763 DOI: 10.3390/v15040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses with encephalitogenic potential can cause neurological conditions of clinical and epidemiological importance, such as Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Mayaro virus and West Nile virus. The objective of the present study was to determine the number of arboviruses with neuroinvasive potential isolated in Brazil that corresponds to the collection of viral samples belonging to the Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute (SAARB/IEC) of the Laboratory Network of National Reference for Arbovirus Diagnosis from 1954 to 2022. In the analyzed period, a total of 1,347 arbovirus samples with encephalitogenic potential were isolated from mice; 5,065 human samples were isolated exclusively by cell culture; and 676 viruses were isolated from mosquitoes. The emergence of new arboviruses may be responsible for diseases still unknown to humans, making the Amazon region a hotspot for infectious diseases due to its fauna and flora species characteristics. The detection of circulating arboviruses with the potential to cause neuroinvasive diseases is constant, which justifies the continuation of active epidemiological surveillance work that offers adequate support to the public health system regarding the virological diagnosis of circulating arboviruses in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Monteiro Wanzeller
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio Silva da Silva
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Almeida Hernández
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Landerson Junior Leopoldino Barros
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Maissa Maia Santos
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Ercília de Jesus Gonçalves
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Jamilla Augusta Sousa Pantoja
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Creuza de Sousa Lima
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Maxwell Furtado Lima
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Oliveira Costa
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Liliane Leal das Chagas
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Iveraldo Ferreira Silva
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Tania Cristina Alves da Silveira da Cunha
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Helena Baldez Vasconcelos
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Salbe Travassos da Rosa
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Sueli Guerreiro Rodrigues
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Raimunda do Socorro da Silva Azevedo
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Medeiros Neves Casseb
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Jannifer Oliveira Chiang
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Valéria Lima Carvalho
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
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Zarur‐Torralvo S, Stand‐Niño I, Flórez‐García V, Mendoza H, Viana‐Cárdenas E. Viruses responsible for acute respiratory infections before (2016-2019) and during (2021) circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in pediatric patients in a reference center at Barranquilla Colombia: A pattern analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28439. [PMID: 36573419 PMCID: PMC9880681 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the behavior of the viruses responsible for acute respiratory infections before (2016-2019) and after (2020-2021) the start of the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in pediatric patients treated at a reference center from Barranquilla, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive observational study was carried out, and data were obtained by reviewing the influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection database in the pediatric population of the sentinel surveillance reference center in the district of Barranquilla during the years 2016-2021, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS During 2016-2019, the average age of individuals was 1.3 (±1.7) years, during 2021, it was 2.3 (±3.5) years. The distribution by sex was similar, predominantly male. August and February were the months with the highest record of symptoms for 2016-2019 and 2021, respectively, the most frequent being cough, fever, shortness of breath, and diarrhea. By 2021 there was a higher use of antibiotics and antivirals reported than in 2016-2019. Most patients tested negative for viral detection. When comparing the percentage of viruses detected by age group and years of detection, positivity was lower in 2021 by every age group, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most frequently detected. CONCLUSIONS There was less virus positivity in viral detection tests in the pediatric population in 2021. RSV persists as the main etiology affecting this population, especially infants. The use of antibiotic therapy in viral infections continues to be a problematic practice in their management. Sentinel surveillance can be strengthened throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiara Zarur‐Torralvo
- Department of PediatricsSchool of Medicine, Universidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia
| | - Iván Stand‐Niño
- Department of Pediatric PulmonologySchool of Medicine, Universidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia
| | - Victor Flórez‐García
- Department of Public HealthUniversidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia,Department of Public HealthJoseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin‐MilwaukeeWisconsinMilwaukeeUSA
| | - Humberto Mendoza
- Department of Public HealthUniversidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia,Division of Public HealthSecretary of Health of Barranquilla City HallBarranquillaColombia
| | - Erika Viana‐Cárdenas
- Department of Public HealthUniversidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia,Division of Public HealthSecretary of Health of Barranquilla City HallBarranquillaColombia
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Nagai H, Saito M, Adachi E, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Yamayoshi S, Kiso M, Kawamata T, Koga M, Kawaoka Y, Tsutsumi T, Yotsuyanagi H. Casirivimab/Imdevimab for Active COVID-19 Pneumonia Which Persisted for Nine Months in a Patient with Follicular Lymphoma during Anti-CD20 Therapy. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:608-611. [PMID: 35768273 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients are more likely to develop severe COVID-19, and exhibit high mortality. It is also hypothesized that chronic infection in these patients can be a risk factor for developing new variants. We describe a patient with prolonged active infection of COVID-19 who became infected during treatment with an anti-CD20 antibody (obinutuzumab) for follicular lymphoma. This patient had persistent RT-PCR positivity and live virus isolation for nine months despite treatment with remdesivir and other potential antiviral therapies. The computed tomography image of the chest showed that the viral pneumonia repeatedly appeared and disappeared in different lobes, as if a new infection had occurred continuously. The patient's SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer was negative throughout the illness, even after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine were administered in the seventh month of infection. A combination of monoclonal antibody therapy against COVID-19 (casirivimab and imdevimab) and antivirals resulted in negative RT-PCR results, and the virus was no longer isolated. The patient was clinically cured. During the 9-month active infection period, no fixed mutations in the spike (S) protein were detected, and the in vitro susceptibility to remdesivir was retained. Therapeutic administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies is essential in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, measures to prevent resistance against these key drugs are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nagai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai-Tagawa
- Department of Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Department of Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Department of Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Kawamata
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Moschese D, Pozza G, Mileto D, Giacomelli A, Cutrera M, Cossu MV, Matone M, Beltrami M, Salari F, Antinori S, Lombardi A, Rizzardini G. Isolation of viable monkeypox virus from anal and urethral swabs, Italy, May to July 2022. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 36082684 PMCID: PMC9461308 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.36.2200675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Anal and urethral samples from confirmed cases of monkeypox were screened for monkeypox virus (MPXV) by real-time PCR. Isolation of the virus was subsequently attempted in cell culture. Actively-replicating virus was demonstrated in 13 of 18 and 11 of 15 PCR-positive anal and urethral swabs, respectively, collected within 7 days from symptoms onset. Two asymptomatic secondary cases had detectable MPXV genetic material in urethral secretion and for one, MPXV was successfully isolated, supporting a potential MPXV sexual transmission hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Moschese
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pozza
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mileto
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomelli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Cutrera
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cossu
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Matone
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Beltrami
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Salari
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lombardi
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Rizzardini
- I Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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Lopera TJ, Alzate-Ángel JC, Díaz FJ, Rugeles MT, Aguilar-Jiménez W. The Usefulness of Antigen Testing in Predicting Contagiousness in COVID-19. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0196221. [PMID: 35348350 PMCID: PMC9045251 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01962-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the diagnostic capacity for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) is required to improve case detection, reduce COVID-19 expansion, and boost the world economy. Rapid antigen detection tests are less expensive and easier to implement, but their diagnostic performance has been questioned compared to reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Here, we evaluate the performance of the Standard Q COVID-19 antigen test for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection and predicting contagiousness compared to RT-PCR and viral culture, respectively. The antigen test was 100.0% specific but only 40.9% sensitive for diagnosing infection compared to RT-PCR. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 contagiousness is highly unlikely with a negative antigen test since it exhibited a negative predictive value of 99.9% compared to viral culture. Furthermore, a cycle threshold (CT) value of 18.1 in RT-PCR was shown to be the one that best predicts contagiousness (area under the curve [AUC], 97.6%). Thus, screening people with antigen testing is a good approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 contagion and allow returning to daily activities. IMPORTANCE The importance of our results is the excellent agreement between the Standard Q COVID-19 antigen test and the viral culture, indicating that it is important as a marker of contagiousness. Due to its high positive predictive value in situations of a high prevalence of infection, positive results do not require confirmation with another test. Likewise, its high negative predictive value for contagiousness makes possible to use this test as a criterion to discharge patients in isolation and screen people moving into environments that could facilitate the transmission of the virus. Screening people with antigen testing is a good approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 contagion and allow returning to daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio J. Lopera
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | - Francisco J. Díaz
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - María T. Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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8
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Lin Y, Tan L, Wang C, He S, Fang L, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Zhang K, Liu D, Yang Q, Wang A. Serological Investigation and Genetic Characteristics of Pseudorabies Virus in Hunan Province of China From 2016 to 2020. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:762326. [PMID: 34977207 PMCID: PMC8716618 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.762326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), caused by variant pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an economically important viral disease in China. Recently, PRV infection in humans has also received attention worldwide. To investigate the PRV infection in Hunan province, China, we collected a total of 18,138 serum specimens from 808 PRV-vaccinated pig farms cross this region during 2016–2020, and we detected the presence of PRV glycoprotein B (gB) and gE-specific antibodies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results revealed that 80.47% (14,596/18,138, 95 CI 79.9–81.0) and 23.55% (4,271/18,138, 95 CI 22.9–24.2) of serum samples were positive for PRV gB and gE-specific antibodies, respectively. Further analysis indicated that the seroprevalence of wild PRV infection was associated with the season and breeding scale (p < 0.01). In addition, five PRV strains were isolated from PRV-positive samples in Vero cells and the virus titers varied from 106.5 to 107.51 TCID50/0.1 ml. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that one isolate was a classical strain of PRV genotype II, and four other isolates belonged to the variants of genotype II. Collectively, the data indicate that the prevalence of PRV remains high in pigs in Hunan province, and the variant PRV strains are the major genotypes affecting the development of the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Shicheng He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- School of Public Administration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,PCB Biotechnology LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
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9
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Huaman JL, Pacioni C, Sarker S, Doyle M, Forsyth DM, Pople A, Carvalho TG, Helbig KJ. Novel Picornavirus Detected in Wild Deer: Identification, Genomic Characterisation, and Prevalence in Australia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122412. [PMID: 34960681 PMCID: PMC8706930 DOI: 10.3390/v13122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high-throughput sequencing has facilitated virus discovery in wild animals and helped determine their potential threat to humans and other animals. We report the complete genome sequence of a novel picornavirus identified by next-generation sequencing in faeces from Australian fallow deer. Genomic analysis revealed that this virus possesses a typical picornavirus-like genomic organisation of 7554 nt with a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein of 2225 amino acids. Based on the amino acid identity comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the P1, 2C, 3CD, and VP1 regions, this novel picornavirus was closely related to but distinct from known bopiviruses detected to date. This finding suggests that deer/bopivirus could belong to a novel species within the genus Bopivirus, tentatively designated as "Bopivirus C". Epidemiological investigation of 91 deer (71 fallow, 14 sambar and 6 red deer) and 23 cattle faecal samples showed that six fallow deer and one red deer (overall prevalence 7.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8-15.0%) tested positive, but deer/bopivirus was undetectable in sambar deer and cattle. In addition, phylogenetic and sequence analyses indicate that the same genotype is circulating in south-eastern Australia. To our knowledge, this study reports for the first time a deer-origin bopivirus and the presence of a member of genus Bopivirus in Australia. Further epidemiological and molecular studies are needed to investigate the geographic distribution and pathogenic potential of this novel Bopivirus species in other domestic and wild animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Huaman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.L.H.); (S.S.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Carlo Pacioni
- Department of Environment, Land, Water, and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.L.H.); (S.S.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Mark Doyle
- South East Local Land Services, Bega, NSW 2550, Australia;
| | - David M. Forsyth
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia;
| | - Anthony Pople
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Invasive Plants & Animals Research, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Teresa G. Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.L.H.); (S.S.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Karla J. Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (J.L.H.); (S.S.); (T.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9479-6650
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10
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Barroso-Arévalo S, Barneto A, Ramos ÁM, Rivera B, Sánchez R, Sánchez-Morales L, Pérez-Sancho M, Buendía A, Ferreras E, Ortiz-Menéndez JC, Moreno I, Serres C, Vela C, Risalde MÁ, Domínguez L, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Large-scale study on virological and serological prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e759-e774. [PMID: 34724350 PMCID: PMC8661836 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The disease produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently one of the primary concerns worldwide. Knowing the zoonotic origin of the disease and that several animal species, including dogs and cats, are susceptible to viral infection, it is critical to assess the relevance of pets in this pandemic. Here, we performed a large-scale study on SARS-CoV-2 serological and viral prevalence in cats and dogs in Spain in order to elucidate their role and susceptibility. Samples from animals in contact with COVID-19 positive people and/or compatible symptoms (n = 492), as well as from random animals (n = 1024), were taken. Despite the large number of animals analyzed, only 12 animals (eight dogs and four cats), which represents 0.79% of the total analyzed animals (n = 1516), were positive for viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in which viral isolation was possible in four animals. We detected neutralizing antibodies in 34 animals, four of them were also positive for PCR. This study evidences that pets are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in natural conditions but at a low level, as evidenced by the low percentage of positive animals detected, being infected humans the main source of infection. However, the inclusion of animals in the surveillance of COVID-19 is still recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Manuel Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Analysis, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rivera
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Sánchez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Morales
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Buendía
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Ferreras
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Microbial Immunology Unit, National Center for Microbiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Serres
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Ángeles Risalde
- Research Group in Animal Health and Zoonoses (GISAZ), Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Cordoba, Andalusia, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinical Virology and Zoonosis Group, Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Hishiki T, Usui K, An T, Suzuki R, Sakuragi JI, Tanaka Y, Matsuki Y, Kawai J, Kogo Y, Hayashizaki Y, Takasaki T. Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 patients and an asymptomatic individual. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:277-280. [PMID: 34719530 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Despite the recent introduction of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, more effective vaccines and antiviral drugs must be developed. Here, we isolated five SARS-CoV-2 strains from four patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and an asymptomatic individual using pharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum samples. Cytopathic effects in inoculated Vero cells were observed between days 3 and 7. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome sequences showed that the virus isolates from the clinical samples were belonged to the Wuhan and European lineages. These findings and isolated viruses may contribute to the development of diagnostic tools, vaccines, and antiviral drugs for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hishiki
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Kengo Usui
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Japan
| | - Tadaichi An
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Japan
| | - Rieko Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sakuragi
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Japan
| | - Yu Matsuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Japan
| | - Jun Kawai
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kogo
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Japan
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12
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Zhang X, Li G, Chen G, Zhu N, Wu D, Wu Y, James TD. Recent progresses and remaining challenges for the detection of Zika virus. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2039-2108. [PMID: 33559917 DOI: 10.1002/med.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a particularly notorious mosquito-borne flavivirus, which can lead to a devastating congenital syndrome in the fetuses of pregnant mothers (e.g., microcephaly, spasticity, craniofacial disproportion, miscarriage, and ocular abnormalities) and cause the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barre' syndrome of adults. Due to its severity and rapid dispersal over several continents, ZIKV has been acknowledged to be a global health concern by the World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the ZIKV has recently resurged in India with the potential for devastating effects. Researchers from all around the world have worked tirelessly to develop effective detection strategies and vaccines for the prevention and control of ZIKV infection. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the most recent research into ZIKV, including the structural biology and evolution, historical overview, pathogenesis, symptoms, and transmission. We then focus on the detection strategies for ZIKV, including viral isolation, serological assays, molecular assays, sensing methods, reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification, transcription-mediated amplification technology, reverse transcription strand invasion based amplification, bioplasmonic paper-based device, and reverse transcription isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification. To conclude, we examine the limitations of currently available strategies for the detection of ZIKV, and outline future opportunities and research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Niu Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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13
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Doty JB, Maghlakelidze G, Sikharulidze I, Tu SL, Morgan CN, Mauldin MR, Parkadze O, Kartskhia N, Turmanidze M, Matheny AM, Davidson W, Tang S, Gao J, Li Y, Upton C, Carroll DS, Emerson GL, Nakazawa Y. Isolation and Characterization of Akhmeta Virus from Wild-Caught Rodents ( Apodemus spp.) in Georgia. J Virol 2019; 93:e00966-19. [PMID: 31554682 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00966-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Akhmeta virus is a unique Orthopoxvirus that was described in 2013 from the country of Georgia. This paper presents the first isolation of this virus from small mammal (Rodentia; Apodemus spp.) samples and the molecular characterization of those isolates. The identification of the virus in small mammals is an essential component to understanding the natural history of this virus and its transmission to human populations and could guide public health interventions in Georgia. Akhmeta virus genomes harbor evidence suggestive of recombination with a variety of other orthopoxviruses; this has implications for the evolution of orthopoxviruses, their ability to infect mammalian hosts, and their ability to adapt to novel host species. In 2013, a novel orthopoxvirus was detected in skin lesions of two cattle herders from the Kakheti region of Georgia (country); this virus was named Akhmeta virus. Subsequent investigation of these cases revealed that small mammals in the area had serological evidence of orthopoxvirus infections, suggesting their involvement in the maintenance of these viruses in nature. In October 2015, we began a longitudinal study assessing the natural history of orthopoxviruses in Georgia. As part of this effort, we trapped small mammals near Akhmeta (n = 176) and Gudauri (n = 110). Here, we describe the isolation and molecular characterization of Akhmeta virus from lesion material and pooled heart and lung samples collected from five wood mice (Apodemus uralensis and Apodemus flavicollis) in these two locations. The genomes of Akhmeta virus obtained from rodents group into 2 clades: one clade represented by viruses isolated from A. uralensis samples, and one clade represented by viruses isolated from A. flavicollis samples. These genomes also display several presumptive recombination events for which gene truncation and identity have been examined. IMPORTANCE Akhmeta virus is a unique Orthopoxvirus that was described in 2013 from the country of Georgia. This paper presents the first isolation of this virus from small mammal (Rodentia; Apodemus spp.) samples and the molecular characterization of those isolates. The identification of the virus in small mammals is an essential component to understanding the natural history of this virus and its transmission to human populations and could guide public health interventions in Georgia. Akhmeta virus genomes harbor evidence suggestive of recombination with a variety of other orthopoxviruses; this has implications for the evolution of orthopoxviruses, their ability to infect mammalian hosts, and their ability to adapt to novel host species.
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14
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García‐Arroyo L, Prim N, Martí N, Roig MC, Navarro F, Rabella N. Benefits and drawbacks of molecular techniques for diagnosis of viral respiratory infections. Experience with two multiplex PCR assays. J Med Virol 2016; 88:45-50. [PMID: 26100363 PMCID: PMC7166422 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular techniques have represented a major step forward in the diagnosis of viral respiratory infections. They are considered highly sensitive and specific compared to conventional techniques. In this study two nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) were compared to conventional methods (immunofluorescence and viral culture). The aim of this work was to discuss the clinical interpretation of the results obtained by NAATs on the basis of the two-decade experience of our group and the literature. Eighty nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children under six years attended for acute respiratory illness at the pediatric emergency room of a third level Hospital. Both NAATs tested (Seeplex(®) and Clart(®)) showed an overall higher performance regarding sensitivity (76% and 90%, respectively). Compared to Seeplex(®), the Clart(®) system tripled the number of multiple detections (8 by Seeplex(®) vs. 25 by Clart(®)). In some specimens both NAATs detected different viruses. Given these discrepancies and the fact that detection of viral nucleic acids is not necessarily related to the current clinical syndrome, the interpretation of molecular results may not always be so straightforward. The pros and cons of NAATs should always be taken into account when giving a result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Núria Prim
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Neus Martí
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Carme Roig
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ferran Navarro
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Genètica i de MicrobiologiaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Núria Rabella
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Genètica i de MicrobiologiaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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15
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Parkash O, Shueb RH. Diagnosis of Dengue Infection Using Conventional and Biosensor Based Techniques. Viruses 2015; 7:5410-27. [PMID: 26492265 PMCID: PMC4632385 DOI: 10.3390/v7102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by four antigenically different serotypes of dengue virus. This disease is considered as a major public health concern around the world. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine or antiviral drug available for the prevention and treatment of dengue disease. Moreover, clinical features of dengue are indistinguishable from other infectious diseases such as malaria, chikungunya, rickettsia and leptospira. Therefore, prompt and accurate laboratory diagnostic test is urgently required for disease confirmation and patient triage. The traditional diagnostic techniques for the dengue virus are viral detection in cell culture, serological testing, and RNA amplification using reverse transcriptase PCR. This paper discusses the conventional laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of dengue during the acute and convalescent phase and highlights the advantages and limitations of these routine laboratory tests. Subsequently, the biosensor based assays developed using various transducers for the detection of dengue are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Parkash
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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16
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, Mettifogo E, Catroxo MHB, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation of chicken astrovirus from specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs. Poult Sci 2015; 94:947-54. [PMID: 25805833 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses have been associated with enteric disorders in many animal species, including chickens. Here, we describe the isolation, propagation, and pathological characteristics of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) from chickens with diarrhea and runting-stunting syndrome. The CEE were inoculated via the yolk sac route. Viral confirmation was carried out using PCR techniques and transmission electron microscopy negative staining with ammonium molybdate. The intestinal contents were screened for CAstV, and differential diagnostic testing was performed for avian nephritis virus, avian rotavirus, avian reovirus, chicken parvovirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and fowl adenovirus Group I to detect co-infection with other infectious agents. Seven- or 14-day-old CEEs presented with hemorrhages, edema, a gelatinous aspect, deformities, and dwarfism. The supporting membranes did not show any alterations. Here, we have described the isolation of CAstV and its pathological characteristics in SPF CEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Mettifogo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Helena B Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Center for Research and Development of Animal Health, InstitutoBiológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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