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Jia Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Dong Z, Xie S, Li W, Liu Q, Lu X, Wang Y. Clinical and historical infection of Tacheng tick virus 2: A retrospective investigation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012168. [PMID: 38870100 PMCID: PMC11175498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tacheng tick virus 2 (TcTV-2) is an emerging tick-borne virus belonging to the genus Uukuvirus in the family Phenuiviridae. Initially isolated in 2019 from a patient in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), northwestern China, who developed fever and headache after a tick bite, TcTV-2 was concurrently molecularly detected in hard ticks across various countries, including China, Kazakhstan, Romania, and Turkey. This study conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of TcTV-2 infection. METHODOLOGY In this retrospective cohort study, we collected samples from 47 tick-bitten patients, 984 herdsmen, 7 Asian badgers, 13 red foxes, and 168 Hyalomma asiaticum tick egg batches. Patients' samples were primarily analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing, targeting the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and viral cDNA libraries. Typical tick-borne pathogens were further confirmed using RT-PCR and detected in Asian badgers, red foxes and Hy. asiaticum tick egg batches. We also conducted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detected specific IgM and IgG antibodies against TcTV-2 in herdsmen. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to genetically characterize TcTV-2 detected in this study. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS TcTV-2 was detected in various samples, including blood, urine, and throat swabs from 12.77% (6/47) tick-bitten patients. It was found in blood samples of 14.29% (1/7) of wild badgers, 7.69% (1/13) of red foxes, and 13.69% (23/168) of Hy. asiaticum egg batches. Furthermore, ELISA results revealed that 9.55% (94/984) of the serum samples (34 from males and 60 from females) were tested positive for TcTV-2-specific IgG, while 2.95% (29/984, 7 males and 22 females) showed positivity for TcTV-2-specific IgM. Additionally, 1.02% (10/984, 4 males and 6 females) of the sera tested positive for both TcTV-2-specific IgM and IgG. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TcTV-2 strains detected in this study were genetically similar, regardless of their origin and host species. CONCLUSIONS Clinical symptoms of TcTV-2 infection in patients are nonspecific, with common symptoms including headache, fever, asthenia, vomiting, myalgia, rash, and meningitis-like signs. TcTV-2 can be detected in blood, urine, and throat swab samples of infected patients. Among local herdsmen, 9.55% tested positive for TcTV-2-specific IgG and 2.95% for TcTV-2-specific IgM. Importantly, TcTV-2 can be transovarially transmitted in Hy. asiaticum ticks, and the Asian badgers and red foxes are potential reservoirs of TcTV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Jia
- The People’s Hospital of Xixian, Xinyang, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuanchen Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhihui Dong
- The Sixth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wujiaqu, China
| | - Songsong Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tarim University, Aral, China
| | - Quan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- The First Hospital Xinjiang Medical University, Urmqi, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Alatrash R, Herrera BB. The Adaptive Immune Response against Bunyavirales. Viruses 2024; 16:483. [PMID: 38543848 PMCID: PMC10974645 DOI: 10.3390/v16030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bunyavirales order includes at least fourteen families with diverse but related viruses, which are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by arthropod or rodent vectors. These viruses are responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks worldwide and represent a threat to public health. Infection in humans can be asymptomatic, or it may present with a range of conditions from a mild, febrile illness to severe hemorrhagic syndromes and/or neurological complications. There is a need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the adaptive immune responses involved during infection. This review highlights the most recent findings regarding T cell and antibody responses to the five Bunyavirales families with known human pathogens (Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Arenaviridae). Future studies that define and characterize mechanistic correlates of protection against Bunyavirales infections or disease will help inform the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alatrash
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Dai R, Yang S, Pang T, Tian M, Wang H, Zhang D, Wu Y, Kondo H, Andika IB, Kang Z, Sun L. Identification of a negative-strand RNA virus with natural plant and fungal hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319582121. [PMID: 38483998 PMCID: PMC10962957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319582121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of viruses that spread to both plant and fungal populations in nature has posed intriguingly scientific question. We found a negative-strand RNA virus related to members of the family Phenuiviridae, named Valsa mali negative-strand RNA virus 1 (VmNSRV1), which induced strong hypovirulence and was prevalent in a population of the phytopathogenic fungus of apple Valsa canker (Valsa mali) infecting apple orchards in the Shaanxi Province of China. Intriguingly, VmNSRV1 encodes a protein with a viral cell-to-cell movement function in plant tissue. Mechanical leaf inoculation showed that VmNSRV1 could systemically infect plants. Moreover, VmNSRV1 was detected in 24 out of 139 apple trees tested in orchards in Shaanxi Province. Fungal inoculation experiments showed that VmNSRV1 could be bidirectionally transmitted between apple plants and V. mali, and VmNSRV1 infection in plants reduced the development of fungal lesions on leaves. Additionally, the nucleocapsid protein encoded by VmNSRV1 is associated with and rearranged lipid droplets in both fungal and plant cells. VmNSRV1 represents a virus that has adapted and spread to both plant and fungal hosts and shuttles between these two organisms in nature (phyto-mycovirus) and is potential to be utilized for the biocontrol method against plant fungal diseases. This finding presents further insights into the virus evolution and adaptation encompassing both plant and fungal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Shian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Tianxing Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki710-0046, Japan
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao266109, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki710-0046, Japan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
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Nair N, Osterhaus ADME, Rimmelzwaan GF, Prajeeth CK. Rift Valley Fever Virus-Infection, Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses. Pathogens 2023; 12:1174. [PMID: 37764982 PMCID: PMC10535968 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley Fever Virus is a mosquito-borne phlebovirus causing febrile or haemorrhagic illness in ruminants and humans. The virus can prevent the induction of the antiviral interferon response through its NSs proteins. Mutations in the NSs gene may allow the induction of innate proinflammatory immune responses and lead to attenuation of the virus. Upon infection, virus-specific antibodies and T cells are induced that may afford protection against subsequent infections. Thus, all arms of the adaptive immune system contribute to prevention of disease progression. These findings will aid the design of vaccines using the currently available platforms. Vaccine candidates have shown promise in safety and efficacy trials in susceptible animal species and these may contribute to the control of RVFV infections and prevention of disease progression in humans and ruminants.
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de Santana SF, Santos VC, Lopes ÍS, Porto JAM, Mora-Ocampo IY, Sodré GA, Pirovani CP, Góes-Neto A, Pacheco LGC, Fonseca PLC, Costa MA, Aguiar ERGR. Mining Public Data to Investigate the Virome of Neglected Pollinators and Other Floral Visitors. Viruses 2023; 15:1850. [PMID: 37766257 PMCID: PMC10535300 DOI: 10.3390/v15091850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the virome investigation of pollinator species and other floral visitors associated with plants from the south of Bahia: Aphis aurantii, Atrichopogon sp., Dasyhelea sp., Forcipomyia taiwana, and Trigona ventralis hoozana. Studying viruses in insects associated with economically important crops is vital to understand transmission dynamics and manage viral diseases that pose as threats for global food security. Using literature mining and public RNA next-generation sequencing data deposited in the NCBI SRA database, we identified potential vectors associated with Malvaceae plant species and characterized the microbial communities resident in these insects. Bacteria and Eukarya dominated the metagenomic analyses of all taxon groups. We also found sequences showing similarity to elements from several viral families, including Bunyavirales, Chuviridae, Iflaviridae, Narnaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Totiviridae, and Xinmoviridae. Phylogenetic analyses indicated the existence of at least 16 new viruses distributed among A. aurantii (3), Atrichopogon sp. (4), Dasyhelea sp. (3), and F. taiwana (6). No novel viruses were found for T. ventralis hoozana. For F. taiwana, the available libraries also allowed us to suggest possible vertical transmission, while for A. aurantii we followed the infection profile along the insect development. Our results highlight the importance of studying the virome of insect species associated with crop pollination, as they may play a crucial role in the transmission of viruses to economically important plants, such as those of the genus Theobroma, or they will reduce the pollination process. This information may be valuable in developing strategies to mitigate the spread of viruses and protect the global industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferreira de Santana
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Vinícius Castro Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
| | - Ícaro Santos Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
| | - Joel Augusto Moura Porto
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Irma Yuliana Mora-Ocampo
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - George Andrade Sodré
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Carvalho Pacheco
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Costa
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
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Aziati ID, Jnr DM, Antia A, Joshi A, Aviles-Gamboa A, Lee P, Harastani H, Wang D, Adalsteinsson SA, Boon ACM. Prevalence of Bourbon and Heartland viruses in field collected ticks at an environmental field station in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102080. [PMID: 36375268 PMCID: PMC9729426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heartland and Bourbon viruses are pathogenic tick-borne viruses putatively transmitted by Amblyomma americanum, an abundant tick species in Missouri. To assess the prevalence of these viruses in ticks, we collected 2778 ticks from eight sampling sites at Tyson Research Center, an environmental field station within St. Louis County and close to the City of St. Louis, from May - July in 2019 and 2021. Ticks were pooled according to life stage and sex, grouped by year and sampling site to create 355 pools and screened by RT-qPCR for Bourbon and Heartland viruses. Overall, 14 (3.9%) and 27 (7.6%) of the pools were positive for Bourbon virus and Heartland virus respectively. In 2019, 11 and 23 pools were positive for Bourbon and Heartland viruses respectively. These positives pools were of males, females and nymphs. In 2021, there were 4 virus positive pools out of which 3 were positive for both viruses and were comprised of females and nymphs. Five out of the 8 sampling sites were positive for at least one virus. This included a site that was positive for both viruses in both years. Detection of these viruses in an area close to a relatively large metropolis presents a greater public health threat than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avan Antia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Preston Lee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Houda Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
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Ge HH, Wang G, Guo PJ, Zhao J, Zhang S, Xu YL, Liu YN, Ye XL, Wu YX, Li S, Yue M, Ji WJ, Geng SY, Li H, Zhang XA, Yang ZD, Cui N, Li W, Lin L, Liu W. Coinfections in hospitalized patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A retrospective study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5933-5942. [PMID: 36030552 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with a high case fatality rate. Few studies have been performed on bacterial or fungal coinfections or the effect of antibiotic therapy. A retrospective, observational study was performed to assess the prevalence of bacterial and fungal coinfections in patients hospitalized for SFTSV infection. The most commonly involved microorganisms and the effect of antimicrobial therapy were determined by the site and source of infection. A total of 1201 patients hospitalized with SFTSV infection were included; 359 (29.9%) had microbiologically confirmed infections, comprised of 292 with community-acquired infections (CAIs) and 67 with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Death was independently associated with HAIs, with a more significant effect than that observed for CAIs. For bacterial infections, only those acquired in hospitals were associated with fatal outcomes, while fungal infection, whether acquired in hospital or community, was related to an increased risk of fatal outcomes. The infections in the respiratory tract and bloodstream were associated with a higher risk of death than that in the urinary tract. Both antibiotic and antifungal treatments were associated with improved survival for CAIs, while for HAIs, only antibiotic therapy was related to improved survival, and no effect from antifungal therapy was observed. Early administration of glucocorticoids was associated with an increased risk of HAIs. The study provided novel clinical and epidemiological data and revealed risk factors, such as bacterial coinfections, fungal coinfections, infection sources, and treatment strategies associated with SFTS deaths/survival. This report might be helpful in curing SFTS and reducing fatal SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Han Ge
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Jun Guo
- Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,General Demonstration Research Room of Aeromedicine, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ni Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ye
- The Center for Disease Prevention and Control in Western Theater Command of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yang
- The 990th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xinyang, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cui
- The 990th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xinyang, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- The 990th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xinyang, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Of Pathogen And Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in Portugal: Four and Still Counting. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081768. [PMID: 36016390 PMCID: PMC9413822 DOI: 10.3390/v14081768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
According to ICTV, there are currently 66 known phlebovirus species. More than 40 of these viruses were isolated or detected in phlebotomine sandflies and some of them are known pathogens. In Portugal, information about sandfly-borne phleboviruses is scarce and scattered sandfly-borne diseases are neglected and often not considered in differential diagnoses. The main objective of this work was to gather the existing information and to raise awareness about the circulating phleboviruses in this country. To date, Massilia and Alcube phleboviruses have been isolated from sandflies in southern Portugal. Human infections with Toscana and Sicilian phleboviruses have been reported, as well as seroprevalence in cats and dogs. More studies are needed in order to understand if the viruses isolated during the entomological surveys have an impact on human health and to fully understand the real importance of the already recognized pathogens in our country.
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