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Ji Y, Yang C, Pang X, Yan Y, Wu Y, Geng Z, Hu W, Hu P, Wu X, Wang K. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: effects on neural and synaptic rehabilitation. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:326-342. [PMID: 38819037 PMCID: PMC11317939 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and homeostasis. The Alzheimer's disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized, thereby causing neurodegeneration and ultimately disrupting the operational abilities in daily life, leaving patients incapacitated. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective, neuro-modulatory technique used for multiple neurological conditions. Over the past two decades, it has been widely used to predict cognitive decline; identify pathophysiological markers; promote neuroplasticity; and assess brain excitability, plasticity, and connectivity. It has also been applied to patients with dementia, because it can yield facilitatory effects on cognition and promote brain recovery after a neurological insult. However, its therapeutic effectiveness at the molecular and synaptic levels has not been elucidated because of a limited number of studies. This study aimed to characterize the neurobiological changes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, evaluate its effects on synaptic plasticity, and identify the associated mechanisms. This review essentially focuses on changes in the pathology, amyloidogenesis, and clearance pathways, given that amyloid deposition is a major hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Apoptotic mechanisms associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedures and different pathways mediating gene transcription, which are closely related to the neural regeneration process, are also highlighted. Finally, we discuss the outcomes of animal studies in which neuroplasticity is modulated and assessed at the structural and functional levels by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, with the aim to highlight future directions for better clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chaoyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xuerui Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yibing Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Luo J, Feng Y, Hong Z, Yin M, Zheng H, Zhang L, Hu X. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes neural stem cell proliferation after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1772-1780. [PMID: 38103244 PMCID: PMC10960276 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00031/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Proliferation of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous neural stem cell regeneration, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that repetitive TMS effectively promotes the proliferation of oxygen-glucose deprived neural stem cells. Additionally, repetitive TMS reduced the volume of cerebral infarction in a rat model of ischemic stroke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion, improved rat cognitive function, and promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in the ischemic penumbra. RNA-sequencing found that repetitive TMS activated the Wnt signaling pathway in the ischemic penumbra of rats with cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, PCR analysis revealed that repetitive TMS promoted AKT phosphorylation, leading to an increase in mRNA levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as Cdk2 and Cdk4. This effect was also associated with activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, which ultimately promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells. Subsequently, we validated the effect of repetitive TMS on AKT phosphorylation. We found that repetitive TMS promoted Ca2+ influx into neural stem cells by activating the P2 calcium channel/calmodulin pathway, thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation and activating the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin pathway. These findings indicate that repetitive TMS can promote the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells through a Ca2+ influx-dependent phosphorylated AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study has produced pioneering results on the intrinsic mechanism of repetitive TMS to promote neural function recovery after ischemic stroke. These results provide a strong scientific foundation for the clinical application of repetitive TMS. Moreover, repetitive TMS treatment may not only be an efficient and potential approach to support neurogenesis for further therapeutic applications, but also provide an effective platform for the expansion of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongqiu Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingyu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiquan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Caballero-Villarraso J, Medina FJ, Escribano BM, Agüera E, Santamaría A, Pascual-Leone A, Túnez I. Mechanisms Involved in Neuroprotective Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:557-573. [PMID: 34370648 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210809121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is widely used in neurophysiology to study cortical excitability. Research over the last few decades has highlighted its added value as a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of a broad range of psychiatric disorders. More recently, a number of studies have reported beneficial and therapeutic effects for TMS in neurodegenerative conditions and strokes. Yet, despite its recognised clinical applications and considerable research using animal models, the molecular and physiological mechanisms through which TMS exerts its beneficial and therapeutic effects remain unclear. They are thought to involve biochemical-molecular events affecting membrane potential and gene expression. In this aspect, the dopaminergic system plays a special role. This is the most directly and selectively modulated neurotransmitter system, producing an increase in the flux of dopamine (DA) in various areas of the brain after the application of repetitive TMS (rTMS). Other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have shown a paradoxical response to rTMS. In this way, their levels increased in the hippocampus and striatum but decreased in the hypothalamus and remained unchanged in the mesencephalon. Similarly, there are sufficient evidence that TMS up-regulates the gene expression of BDNF (one of the main brain neurotrophins). Something similar occurs with the expression of genes such as c-Fos and zif268 that encode trophic and regenerative action neuropeptides. Consequently, the application of TMS can promote the release of molecules involved in neuronal genesis and maintenance. This capacity may mean that TMS becomes a useful therapeutic resource to antagonize processes that underlie the previously mentioned neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,UGC Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Medina
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,UGC Neurología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Instituto Guttman de Neurorrehabilitación, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
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Physiological Electric Field: A Potential Construction Regulator of Human Brain Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073877. [PMID: 35409232 PMCID: PMC8999182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids can reproduce the regional three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure of human brains, following the in vivo developmental trajectory at the cellular level; therefore, they are considered to present one of the best brain simulation model systems. By briefly summarizing the latest research concerning brain organoid construction methods, the basic principles, and challenges, this review intends to identify the potential role of the physiological electric field (EF) in the construction of brain organoids because of its important regulatory function in neurogenesis. EFs could initiate neural tissue formation, inducing the neuronal differentiation of NSCs, both of which capabilities make it an important element of the in vitro construction of brain organoids. More importantly, by adjusting the stimulation protocol and special/temporal distributions of EFs, neural organoids might be created following a predesigned 3D framework, particularly a specific neural network, because this promotes the orderly growth of neural processes, coordinate neuronal migration and maturation, and stimulate synapse and myelin sheath formation. Thus, the application of EF for constructing brain organoids in a3D matrix could be a promising future direction in neural tissue engineering.
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Avendaño‐Estrada A, Verdugo‐Díaz L, Ávila‐Rodríguez M. Comparative analysis of striatal [
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F]FDOPA uptake in a partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease in rats: ratio method versus graphical model. Synapse 2022; 76:e22231. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Avendaño‐Estrada
- Unidad Radiofarmacia‐Ciclotrón, División de Investigación Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cd.Mx. 04510 México
| | - Leticia Verdugo‐Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biomagnetismo Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cd.Mx. 04510 México
| | - M.A. Ávila‐Rodríguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia‐Ciclotrón, División de Investigación Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cd.Mx. 04510 México
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Uzair M, Abualait T, Arshad M, Yoo WK, Mir A, Bunyan RF, Bashir S. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in animal models of neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:251-265. [PMID: 34269184 PMCID: PMC8464007 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain stimulation techniques offer powerful means of modulating the physiology of specific neural structures. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation, have emerged as therapeutic tools for neurology and neuroscience. However, the possible repercussions of these techniques remain unclear, and there are few reports on the incisive recovery mechanisms through brain stimulation. Although several studies have recommended the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in clinical neuroscience, with a special emphasis on TMS, the suggested mechanisms of action have not been confirmed directly at the neural level. Insights into the neural mechanisms of non-invasive brain stimulation would unveil the strategies necessary to enhance the safety and efficacy of this progressive approach. Therefore, animal studies investigating the mechanisms of TMS-induced recovery at the neural level are crucial for the elaboration of non-invasive brain stimulation. Translational research done using animal models has several advantages and is able to investigate knowledge gaps by directly targeting neuronal levels. In this review, we have discussed the role of TMS in different animal models, the impact of animal studies on various disease states, and the findings regarding brain function of animal models after TMS in pharmacology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Turki Abualait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
- Hallym Institute for Translational Genomics & Bioinformatics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Ali Mir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Fahd Bunyan
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Neuromodulation-Based Stem Cell Therapy in Brain Repair: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:735-745. [PMID: 33871821 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation holds a promising future for central nervous system repair. Current challenges, however, include spatially and temporally defined cell differentiation and maturation, plus the integration of transplanted neural cells into host circuits. Here we discuss the potential advantages of neuromodulation-based stem cell therapy, which can improve the viability and proliferation of stem cells, guide migration to the repair site, orchestrate the differentiation process, and promote the integration of neural circuitry for functional rehabilitation. All these advantages of neuromodulation make it one potentially valuable tool for further improving the efficiency of stem cell transplantation.
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Xu X, Xu DS. Prospects for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in diabetic neuropathy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:955-962. [PMID: 33229735 PMCID: PMC8178790 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Encouraging results have been reported for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation-based nerve stimulation in studies of the mechanisms of neurological regulation, nerve injury repair, and nerve localization. However, to date, there are only a few reviews on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation for diabetic neuropathy. Patients with diabetic neuropathy vary in disease progression and show neuropathy in the early stage of the disease with mild symptoms, making it difficult to screen and identify. In the later stage of the disease, irreversible neurological damage occurs, resulting in treatment difficulties. In this review, we summarize the current state of diabetic neuropathy research and the prospects for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in diabetic neuropathy. We review significant studies on the beneficial effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in diabetic neuropathy treatment, based on the outcomes of its use to treat neurodegeneration, pain, blood flow change, autonomic nervous disorders, vascular endothelial injury, and depression. Collectively, the studies suggest that transcranial magnetic stimulation can produce excitatory/inhibitory stimulation of the cerebral cortex or local areas, promote the remodeling of the nervous system, and that it has good application prospects for the localization of the injury, neuroprotection, and the promotion of nerve regeneration. Therefore, transcranial magnetic stimulation is useful for the screening and early treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can also alleviate pain symptoms by changing the cortical threshold and inhibiting the conduction of sensory information in the thalamo-spinal pathway, and therefore it has therapeutic potential for the treatment of pain and pain-related depressive symptoms in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Additionally, based on the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on local blood flow and its ability to change heart rate and urine protein content, transcranial magnetic stimulation has potential in the treatment of autonomic nerve dysfunction and vascular injury in diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response are involved in the process of diabetic neuropathy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation can reduce oxidative damage. The pathological mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy should be further studied in combination with transcranial magnetic stimulation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao D, Feng PJ, Liu JH, Dong M, Shen XQ, Chen YX, Shen QD. Electromagnetized-Nanoparticle-Modulated Neural Plasticity and Recovery of Degenerative Dopaminergic Neurons in the Mid-Brain. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003800. [PMID: 32924217 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of mid-brain disorders. Clinically, cell therapeutic solutions, by increasing the neurotransmitter dopamine levels in the patients, are hindered by low efficiency and/or side effects. Here, a strategy using electromagnetized nanoparticles to modulate neural plasticity and recover degenerative dopamine neurons in vivo is reported. Remarkably, electromagnetic fields generated by the nanoparticles under ultrasound stimulation modulate intracellular calcium signaling to influence synaptic plasticity and control neural behavior. Dopaminergic neuronal functions are reversed by upregulating the expression tyrosine hydroxylase, thus resulting in ameliorating the neural behavioral disorders in zebrafish. This wireless tool can serve as a viable and safe strategy for the regenerative therapy of the neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pei-Jian Feng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Hao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying-Xin Chen
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qun-Dong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Muri L, Oberhänsli S, Buri M, Le ND, Grandgirard D, Bruggmann R, Müri RM, Leib SL. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation activates glial cells and inhibits neurogenesis after pneumococcal meningitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232863. [PMID: 32915781 PMCID: PMC7485822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal meningitis (PM) causes damage to the hippocampus, a brain structure critically involved in learning and memory. Hippocampal injury-which compromises neurofunctional outcome-occurs as apoptosis of progenitor cells and immature neurons of the hippocampal dentate granule cell layer thereby impairing the regenerative capacity of the hippocampal stem cell niche. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) harbours the potential to modulate the proliferative activity of this neuronal stem cell niche. In this study, specific rTMS protocols-namely continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation (cTBS and iTBS)-were applied on infant rats microbiologically cured from PM by five days of antibiotic treatment. Following two days of exposure to TBS, differential gene expression was analysed by whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq. cTBS provoked a prominent effect in inducing differential gene expression in the cortex and the hippocampus, whereas iTBS only affect gene expression in the cortex. TBS induced polarisation of microglia and astrocytes towards an inflammatory phenotype, while reducing neurogenesis, neuroplasticity and regeneration. cTBS was further found to induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. We conclude that cTBS intensified neuroinflammation after PM, which translated into increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators thereby inhibiting neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Oberhänsli
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Buri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Dung Le
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - René M. Müri
- Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L. Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Agüera E, Caballero-Villarraso J, Feijóo M, Escribano BM, Conde C, Bahamonde MC, Giraldo AI, Paz-Rojas E, Túnez I. Clinical and Neurochemical Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in Multiple Sclerosis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2020; 11:750. [PMID: 32849212 PMCID: PMC7431867 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. It applies pulses of magnetic radiation that penetrate the brain tissue, and it is a non-invasive, painless, and practically innocuous procedure. Previous studies advocate the therapeutic capacity of TMS in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric processes, both in animal models and in human studies. Its uses in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and in Huntington's chorea have shown improvement in the symptomatology and in the molecular profile, and even in the cellular density of the brain. Consequently, the extrapolation of these TMS results in the aforementioned neurodegenerative disease to other entities with etiopathogenic and clinical analogy would raise the relevance and feasibility of its use in multiple sclerosis (MS). The overall objective will be to demonstrate the effectiveness of the TMS in terms of safety and clinical improvement, as well as to observe the molecular changes in relation to the treatment. Methods and Design: Phase II clinical trial, unicentric, controlled, randomized, single blind. A total of 90 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who meet all the inclusion criteria and do not present any of the exclusion criteria that are established and from which clinically evaluable results can be obtained. The patients included will be assigned under the 1:1:1 randomization formula, constituting three groups for the present study: 30 patients treated with natalizumab + white (placebo) + 30 patients treated with natalizumab + TMS (1 Hz) + 30 patients treated with natalizumab + TMS (5 Hz). Discussion: Results of this study will inform on the efficiency of the TMS for the treatment of MS. The expected results are that TMS is a useful therapeutic resource to improve clinical status (main parameters) and neurochemical profile (surrogate parameters); both types of parameters will be checked. Ethics and Dissemination: The study is approved by the Local Ethics Committee and registered in https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04062331). Dissemination will include submission to a peer-reviewed journal, patients, associations of sick people and family members, healthcare magazines and congress presentations. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04062331 (registration date: 19th/ August/2019). Version Identifier: EMTr-EMRR, ver-3, 21/11/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Agüera
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Montserrat Feijóo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Conde
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - María C Bahamonde
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Giraldo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elier Paz-Rojas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Canvax Biotech S.L., Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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12
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Static Magnetic Field Exposure In Vivo Enhances the Generation of New Doublecortin-expressing Cells in the Sub-ventricular Zone and Neocortex of Adult Rats. Neuroscience 2019; 425:217-234. [PMID: 31809729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Static magnetic field (SMF) is gaining interest as a potential technique for modulating CNS neuronal activity. Previous studies have shown a pro-neurogenic effect of short periods of extremely low frequency pulsatile magnetic fields (PMF) in vivo and pro-survival effect of low intensity SMF in cultured neurons in vitro, but little is known about the in vivo effects of low to moderate intensity SMF on brain functions. We investigated the effect of continuously-applied SMF on subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and immature doublecortin (DCX)-expressing cells in the neocortex of young adult rats and in primary cultures of cortical neurons in vitro. A small (3 mm diameter) magnetic disc was implanted on the skull of rats at bregma, producing an average field strength of 4.3 mT at SVZ and 12.9 mT at inner neocortex. Levels of proliferation of SVZ stem cells were determined by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labelling, and early neuronal phenotype development was determined by expression of doublecortin (DCX). To determine the effect of SMF on neurogenesis in vitro, permanent magnets were placed beneath the culture dishes. We found that low intensity SMF exposure enhances cell proliferation in SVZ and new DCX-expressing cells in neocortical regions of young adult rats. In primary cortical neuronal cultures, SMF exposure increased the expression of newly generated cells co-labelled with EdU and DCX or the mature neuronal marker NeuN, while activating a set of pro neuronal bHLH genes. SMF exposure has potential for treatment of neurodegenerative disease and conditions such as CNS trauma and affective disorders in which increased neurogenesis is desirable.
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Nasrabadi N, Soheili ZS, Bagheri A, Ahmadieh H, Amizadeh Y, Sahebjam F, Tabeie F, Rezaei Kanavi M. The effects of electromagnetic fields on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 39:585-594. [PMID: 30462846 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A great deal of evidence has confirmed that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can affect the central nervous system. In this study, cultured neonatal human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells were exposed to pulsed EMF of 1 mT intensity and 50 Hz frequency 8 h daily for 3 days. In addition to cell proliferation and cell death assays, immunocytochemistry for RPE65, PAX6, nestin, and cytokeratin 8/18 proteins were performed. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for NES, PAX6, RPE65, and ACTA2 gene expression. Exposed hRPE cells did not demonstrate significant change in terms of cytomorphology, cell proliferation, or cell death. Protein expression of PAX6 was decreased in treated cells compared to controls and remained unchanged for RPE65, cytokeratin 8/18, and nestin. Gene expressions of NES, RPE65, and PAX6 were decreased in treated cells as compared to controls. Gene expression of ACTA2 did not significantly change. In conclusion, viability of cultivated neonatal hRPE cells did not change after short exposure to a safe dose of pulsed EMF albeit that both gene and protein expressions of retinal progenitor cell markers were reduced. Whether longer exposure durations that are being constantly produced by widely-used electronic devices may induce significant changes in these cells, needs further investigation. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:585-594, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyousha Nasrabadi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yashar Amizadeh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Sahebjam
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Faraj Tabeie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Malling ASB, Morberg BM, Wermuth L, Gredal O, Bech P, Jensen BR. The effect of 8 weeks of treatment with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields on hand tremor and inter-hand coherence in persons with Parkinson's disease. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:19. [PMID: 30704504 PMCID: PMC6357382 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor comprises asymmetric rest and postural tremor with unilateral onset. Tremor intensity can be amplified by stress and reduced by attention, and the medical treatment is complex. Mirror movements and unintentional synchronization of bimanual movements, possibly caused by insufficient inhibition of inter-hemispheric crosstalk, have been reported in PD, indicating a lag of lateralization. Potential neuroprotective effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been reported in-vitro and in rodents, as have influences of PEMF on human tremor. The aim was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks daily transcranial PEMF treatment (T-PEMF) of persons with PD on rest and postural hand tremor characteristics and on inter-hand coherence. METHODS Hand accelerations of 50 PD participants with uni- or bilateral tremor participating in a clinical trial were analysed. A rest and postural tremor task performed during serial subtraction was assessed before and after 8 weeks of T-PEMF (30 min/day, 50 Hz, ±50 V, 3 ms squared pulses) or placebo treatment (sham stimulation 30 min/day). Forty matched healthy persons (no treatment) were included as reference. Intensity and inter-hand coherence related measures were extracted. RESULTS The T-PEMF treatment decreased the inter-hand coherence in the PD group with unilateral postural tremor. The PD group with unilateral postural tremor was less clinically affected by the disease than the PD group with bilateral postural tremor. However, no differences between T-PEMF and placebo treatment on either intensity related or coherence related measures were found when all persons with PD were included in the analyses. The peak power decreased and the tremor intensity tended to decrease in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of T-PEMF treatment decreased inter-hand coherence in the PD group with unilateral postural tremor, while no effects of T-PEMF treatment were found for the entire PD group. The unilateral postural tremor group was less clinically affected than the bilateral postural tremor group, suggesting that early treatment initiation may be beneficial. In theory, a reduced inter-hand coherence could result from a neuronal treatment response increasing inter-hemispheric inhibition. However, this requires further studies to determine. Studies of even longer treatment periods would be of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02125032. Registered 29 April 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02125032?term=NCT02125032&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Bøgh Malling
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Bo Mohr Morberg
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Wermuth
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Gredal
- The Danish Rehabilitation Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Per Bech
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Bente Rona Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Malling ASB, Morberg BM, Wermuth L, Gredal O, Bech P, Jensen BR. Effect of transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) on functional rate of force development and movement speed in persons with Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204478. [PMID: 30252895 PMCID: PMC6155540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease is caused by dopaminergic neurodegeneration resulting in motor impairments as slow movement speed and impaired balance and coordination. Pulsed electromagnetic fields are suggested to have neuroprotective effects, and could alleviate symptoms. Objective To study 1) effects of 8-week daily transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field treatment on functional rate of force development and movement speed during two motor tasks with different levels of complexity, 2) if treatment effects depend on motor performance at baseline. Methods Ninety-seven persons with Parkinson’s disease were randomized to active transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field (squared bipolar 3 ms pulses, 50 Hz) or placebo treatment with homebased treatment 30 min/day for 8 weeks. Functional rate of force development and completion time of a sit-to-stand and a dynamic postural balance task were assessed pre and post intervention. Participants were sub-grouped in high- and low-performers according to their baseline motor performance level. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used. Results Active treatment tended to improve rate of force development during chair rise more than placebo (P = 0.064). High-performers receiving active treatment improved rate of force development during chair rise more than high-performers receiving placebo treatment (P = 0.049, active/placebo: 11.9±1.1 to 12.5±1.9 BW/s ≈ 5% / 12.4±1.3 to 12.2±1.3 BW/s, no change). No other between-treatment-group or between-treatment-subgroup differences were found. Data on rate of force development of the dynamic balance task and completion times of both motor tasks improved but did not allow for between-treatment differentiation. Conclusion Treatment with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields was superior to placebo regarding functional rate of force development during chair rise among high-performers. Active treatment tended to increase functional rate of force development while placebo did not. Our results suggest that mildly affected persons with Parkinson’s disease have a larger potential for neural rehabilitation than more severely affected persons and indicate that early treatment initiation may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Bøgh Malling
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail: (ASBM); (BRJ)
| | - Bo Mohr Morberg
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Wermuth
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Gredal
- The Danish Rehabilitation Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Per Bech
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Bente Rona Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail: (ASBM); (BRJ)
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16
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Medina-Fernández FJ, Escribano BM, Padilla-Del-Campo C, Drucker-Colín R, Pascual-Leone Á, Túnez I. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as an antioxidant. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:381-389. [PMID: 29385851 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1434313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, different transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols have been developed as a therapeutic tool against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, although the biochemical, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are not well known. Recent data show that those magnetic stimulation protocols showing beneficial effects could trigger an anti-oxidant action that would favour, at least partially, their therapeutic effect. We have aimed to review the molecular effects related to oxidative damage induced by this therapeutic strategy, as well as from them addressing a broader definition of the anti-oxidant concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Medina-Fernández
- a Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,b Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Córdoba , Spain
| | - Begoña M Escribano
- a Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,c Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
| | | | - René Drucker-Colín
- e Departmento de Neuropatología Molecular , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Ciudad de México , DF , México
| | - Álvaro Pascual-Leone
- f Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology , Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Isaac Túnez
- a Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería , Universidad de Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain.,b Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Córdoba , Spain
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17
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Mastrodonato A, Barbati SA, Leone L, Colussi C, Gironi K, Rinaudo M, Piacentini R, Denny CA, Grassi C. Olfactory memory is enhanced in mice exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields via Wnt/β-catenin dependent modulation of subventricular zone neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:262. [PMID: 29321633 PMCID: PMC5762682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFEF) influences the expression of key target genes controlling adult neurogenesis and modulates hippocampus-dependent memory. Here, we assayed whether ELFEF stimulation affects olfactory memory by modulating neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that 30 days after the completion of an ELFEF stimulation protocol (1 mT; 50 Hz; 3.5 h/day for 12 days), mice showed enhanced olfactory memory and increased SVZ neurogenesis. These effects were associated with upregulated expression of mRNAs encoding for key regulators of adult neurogenesis and were mainly dependent on the activation of the Wnt pathway. Indeed, ELFEF stimulation increased Wnt3 mRNA expression and nuclear localization of its downstream target β-catenin. Conversely, inhibition of Wnt3 by Dkk-1 prevented ELFEF-induced upregulation of neurogenic genes and abolished ELFEF’s effects on olfactory memory. Collectively, our findings suggest that ELFEF stimulation increases olfactory memory via enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the SVZ and point to ELFEF as a promising tool for enhancing SVZ neurogenesis and olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mastrodonato
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Human Physiology, Rome, 00168, Italy.,Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene Inc. (RFMH), Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Lucia Leone
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Human Physiology, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- CNR, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo (RM), 00015, Italy
| | - Katia Gironi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Human Physiology, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Marco Rinaudo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Human Physiology, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Human Physiology, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Christine A Denny
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene Inc. (RFMH), Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Human Physiology, Rome, 00168, Italy. .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, 00168, Italy.
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18
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Sakhaie MH, Soleimani M, Pourheydar B, Majd Z, Atefimanesh P, Asl SS, Mehdizadeh M. Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neurogenesis and Cognitive Behavior in an Experimental Model of Hippocampal Injury. Behav Neurol 2017; 2017:9194261. [PMID: 29259353 PMCID: PMC5702423 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9194261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields may induce constant modulation in neuronal plasticity. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to design a suitable strategy for enhancing adult neurogenesis, which seems to be deterred due to brain senescence and several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ELF-EMF on neurogenesis and memory, following treatment with trimethyltin chloride (TMT) as a neurotoxicant. The mice in all groups (n = 56) were injected with BrdU during the experiment for seven consecutive days to label newborn cells. Spatial memory was assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. By the end of the experiment, neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation were assessed in the hippocampus, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Based on the findings, exposure to ELF-EMF enhanced spatial learning and memory in the MWM test. ELF-EMF exposure significantly enhanced the number of BrdU+ and NeuN+ cells in the dentate gyrus of adult mice (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, resp.). Western blot analysis revealed significant upregulation of NeuroD2 in ELF-EMF-exposed mice compared to the TMT-treated group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that ELF-EMF might have clinical implications for the improvement of neurodegenerative processes and could help develop a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sakhaie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Majd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Atefimanesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Electromagnetic Fields for the Regulation of Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9898439. [PMID: 28932245 PMCID: PMC5592400 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9898439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized magnetic fields (MFs) could easily penetrate the scalp, skull, and meninges, thus inducing an electrical current in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is primarily used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for inducing specific effects on different regions or cells that play roles in various brain activities. Studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have led to novel attractive therapeutic approaches. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult human brain are able to self-renew and possess multidifferential ability to maintain homeostasis and repair damage after acute central nervous system. In the present review, we summarized the electrical activity of NSCs and the fundamental mechanism of electromagnetic fields and their effects on regulating NSC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation. Although it was authorized for the rTMS use in resistant depression patients by US FDA, there are still unveiling mechanism and limitations for rTMS in clinical applications of acute central nervous system injury, especially on NSC regulation as a rehabilitation strategy. More in-depth studies should be performed to provide detailed parameters and mechanisms of rTMS in further studies, making it a powerful tool to treat people who are surviving with acute central nervous system injuries.
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20
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Lu X, Bao X, Li J, Zhang G, Guan J, Gao Y, Wu P, Zhu Z, Huo X, Wang R. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating moderate traumatic brain injury in rats: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2247-2254. [PMID: 28565833 PMCID: PMC5443170 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of noninvasive brain stimulation that causes neuromodulation by activating neurons or changing excitability in a certain brain area. Considering the known effects of TMS and the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI), TMS was proposed to have potential for treating this condition. Moderate TBI was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats using Feeney's weight-dropping method. Injured rats were divided into a TMS group and a control group. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) was administered to rats in the TMS group from post-TBI day 2. At post-TBI days 7, 14 and 28, three or four of the rats were sacrificed, and harvested brains were embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Sections were then treated with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Three rats from each group underwent fludeoxyglucose F 18 micro-positron emission tomography scanning on post-TBI day 2 and 13. The unexpected mortality rate after injury was lower in the TMS group than in the control group. The modified neurological severity score of the TMS group was lower compared with the control group at post-TBI day 14. According to the results of hematoxylin eosin staining, relative cerebral parenchyma loss was lower at post-TBI day 28 in the TMS group compared with the control group. However, the aforementioned differences were not found to be statistically significant. There was also no significant difference in glucose metabolism between the two groups. According to immunohistochemical staining, the TMS group showed a significantly higher level of proliferation (indicated by bromodeoxyuridine) in the subventricular zone, as compared with the control group (P<0.05). A significantly higher rate of neuron survival at day 28 (P<0.05; indicated by NeuN) and a significantly reduced rate of apoptosis at days 7 and 14 (P<0.05; indicated by caspase-3) were observed in the perilesional zone of the TMS group, as compared with the control group. The current findings suggest that high-frequency rTMS may promote neurogenesis and provide a basis for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Guanghao Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhou Gao
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Peilin Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huo
- Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
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21
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation modifies astrocytosis, cell density and lipopolysaccharide levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Life Sci 2017; 169:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Chang WH, Kim H, Sun W, Kim JY, Shin YI, Kim YH. Effects of extradural cortical stimulation on motor recovery in a rat model of subacute stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:589-96. [PMID: 25735240 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-140445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies demonstrated that administering extradural cortical stimulation (ECS) to rats during the acute phase of a photothrombotic infarct enhances motor recovery. However, the effect of ECS during the subacute phase was unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ECS on motor recovery in a rat model of subacute photothrombotic stroke. METHODS Photothrombotic ischemic injury to the left sensorimotor cortex (SMC) was induced in 41 male Sprague-Dawley rats using Rose-bengal dye (20 mg/kg) and cold light. The rats were randomly divided into two groups: ECS on infarcted SMC (ECS group) and no ECS on infarcted SMC (non-stimulated group). The ECS group received continuous ECS for 14 days starting from day 5 after the stroke onset. Behavioral training with the single-pellet reaching task (SPRT) was performed daily for all of the rats from the fifth day after stroke onset. After 19 days, brain sections were immunostained to allow the quantification of infarct volumes and the evaluation of the neuronal markers. RESULTS The SPRT scores showed significantly faster and greater improvement in the ECS group than in the non-stimulated group. There were no significant differences in infarct size. However, in the ECS group, significantly more doublecortin-labeled cells were identified close to the penumbra region of the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS ECS in the subacute phase improved the behavior motor function in the stroke rat model, and induced a significant axonal sprouting in the peri-infarct area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Chen Q, Lin GM, Wu N, Tang SW, Zheng ZJ, Lin MCM, Xu GX, Liu H, Deng YY, Zhang XY, Chen SP, Wang XM, Niu HB. Early exposure of rotating magnetic fields promotes central nervous regeneration in planarian Girardia sinensis. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:244-55. [PMID: 27061713 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic field exposure is an accepted safe and effective modality for nerve injury. However, it is clinically used only as a supplement or salvage therapy at the later stage of treatment. Here, we used a planarian Girardia sinensis decapitated model to investigate beneficial effects of early rotary non-uniform magnetic fields (RMFs) exposure on central nervous regeneration. Our results clearly indicated that magnetic stimulation induced from early RMFs exposure significantly promoted neural regeneration of planarians. This stimulating effect is frequency and intensity dependent. Optimum effects were obtained when decapitated planarians were cultured at 20 °C, starved for 3 days before head-cutting, and treated with 6 Hz 0.02 T RMFs. At early regeneration stage, RMFs exposure eliminated edema around the wound and facilitated subsequent formation of blastema. It also accelerated cell proliferation and recovery of neuron functionality. Early RMFs exposure up-regulated expression of neural regeneration related proteins, EGR4 and Netrin 2, and mature nerve cell marker proteins, NSE and NPY. These results suggest that RMFs therapy produced early and significant benefit in central nervous regeneration, and should be clinically used at the early stage of neural regeneration, with appropriate optimal frequency and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gui-miao Lin
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-wei Tang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-jia Zheng
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Marie Chia-mi Lin
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gai-xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yue-yue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-yun Zhang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Si-ping Chen
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-mei Wang
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Han-ben Niu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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Cullen CL, Young KM. How Does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Influence Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System? Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:26. [PMID: 27092058 PMCID: PMC4820444 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in the clinic, and while it has a direct effect on neuronal excitability, the beneficial effects experienced by patients are likely to include the indirect activation of other cell types. Research conducted over the past two decades has made it increasingly clear that a population of non-neuronal cells, collectively known as glia, respond to and facilitate neuronal signaling. Each glial cell type has the ability to respond to electrical activity directly or indirectly, making them likely cellular effectors of TMS. TMS has been shown to enhance adult neural stem and progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation, but the effect on cell survival and differentiation is less certain. Furthermore there is limited information regarding the response of astrocytes and microglia to TMS, and a complete paucity of data relating to the response of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells to this treatment. However, due to the critical and yet multifaceted role of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), the influence that TMS has on glial cells is certainly an area that warrants careful examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie L. Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kaylene M. Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
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25
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Koh SH, Park HH. Neurogenesis in Stroke Recovery. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:3-13. [PMID: 26987852 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, resulting from limited blood flow to the brain, is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Stroke is classified as ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, or hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Because 87 % of strokes are classified as ischemic, this type will be the predominant focus of this review. Except for thrombolytic therapy, there is no established treatment to reduce the neurological deficits caused by ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies designed to improve neurological functions after ischemic stroke. Recently, therapies to enhance neurogenesis after ischemic stroke have been investigated. However, these approaches have not led to successful clinical outcomes. This review addresses the pathophysiology of stroke, neurogenesis after stroke, and how to stimulate these processes based on the current literature. Finally, ongoing clinical trials to improve neurological functions after stroke by enhancing neurogenesis are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Guri Hospital, Gyomun-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 471-701, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 249-1 Guri Hospital, Gyomun-dong, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 471-701, Republic of Korea
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26
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Yu JH, Seo JH, Lee JY, Lee MY, Cho SR. Induction of Neurorestoration From Endogenous Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:863-82. [PMID: 26787093 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the subventricular zone lining the ventricles of the adult brain. The resident stem/progenitor cells can be stimulated in vivo by neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic growth factors, magnetic stimulation, and/or physical exercise. In both animals and humans, the differentiation and survival of neurons arising from the subventricular zone may also be regulated by the trophic factors. Since stem/progenitor cells present in the adult brain and the production of new neurons occurs at specific sites, there is a possibility for the treatment of incurable neurological diseases. It might be feasible to induce neurogenesis, which would be particularly efficacious in the treatment of striatal neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease, as well as cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke and cerebral palsy, conditions that are widely seen in the clinics. Understanding of the molecular control of endogenous NSC activation and progenitor cell mobilization will likely provide many new opportunities as therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on endogenous stem/progenitor cell activation that occurs in response to exogenous factors including neurotrophic factors, hematopoietic growth factors, magnetic stimulation, and an enriched environment. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility that functional brain repair through induced neurorestoration from endogenous stem cells may soon be a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hea Yu
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Merging DBS with viral vector or stem cell implantation: "hybrid" stereotactic surgery as an evolution in the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:15051. [PMID: 26817024 PMCID: PMC4714520 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently managed using a broad array of symptom-based strategies. However, targeting its molecular origins represents the potential to discover disease-modifying therapies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a highly successful treatment modality for PD symptoms, addresses errant electrophysiological signaling pathways in the basal ganglia. In contrast, ongoing clinical trials testing gene and cell replacement therapies propose to protect or restore neuronal-based physiologic dopamine transmission in the striatum. Given promising new platforms to enhance target localization—such as interventional MRI-guided stereotaxy—the opportunity now exists to create hybrid therapies that combine DBS with gene therapy and/or cell implantation. In this mini-review, we discuss approaches used for central nervous system biologic delivery in PD patients in previous trials and propose a new set of strategies based on novel molecular targets. A multifaceted approach, if successful, may not only contribute to our understanding of PD pathology but could introduce a new era of disease modification.
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28
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Guerriero F, Ricevuti G. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses: a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1888-1895. [PMID: 28197174 PMCID: PMC5270416 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.195277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) stimulation is able to exert a certain action on autoimmunity and immune cells. In the past, the efficacy of pulsed ELF-EMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. Regarding the immune system, ELF-EMF exposure contributes to a general activation of macrophages, resulting in changes of autoimmunity and several immunological reactions, such as increased reactive oxygen species-formation, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased production of chemokines. Transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation is a non-invasive novel technique used recently to treat different neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease. Despite its proven value, the mechanisms through which EMF brain-stimulation exerts its beneficial action on neuronal function remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that its beneficial effects may be due to a neuroprotective effect on oxidative cell damage. On the basis of in vitro and clinical studies on brain activity, modulation by ELF-EMFs could possibly counteract the aberrant pro-inflammatory responses present in neurodegenerative disorders reducing their severity and their onset. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the published literature on EMFs and outline the most promising effects of ELF-EMFs in developing treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, we review data supporting the role of ELF-EMF in generating immune-modulatory responses, neuromodulation, and potential neuroprotective benefits. Nonetheless, we reckon that the underlying mechanisms of interaction between EMF and the immune system are still to be completely understood and need further studies at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Guerriero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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29
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation and aging: Effects on spatial learning and memory after sleep deprivation in Octodon degus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Repetitive magnetic stimulation promotes neural stem cells proliferation by upregulating MiR-106b in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:766-772. [PMID: 26489637 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation can be influenced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in vivo via microRNA-106b-25 cluster, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigated the involvement of microRNA-106b-25 cluster in the proliferation of NSCs after repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in vitro. NSCs were stimulated by rMS (200/400/600/800/1000 pulses per day, with 10 Hz frequency and 50% maximum machine output) over a 3-day period. NSCs proliferation was detected by using ki-67 and EdU staining. Ki-67, p21, p57, cyclinD1, cyclinE, cyclinA, cdk2, cdk4 proteins and miR-106b, miR-93, miR-25 mRNAs were detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that rMS could promote NSCs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The proportions of ki-67+ and Edu+ cells in 1000 pulses group were 20.65% and 4.00%, respectively, significantly higher than those in control group (9.25%, 2.05%). The expression levels of miR-106b and miR-93 were significantly upregulated in 600-1000 pulses groups compared with control group (P<0.05 or 0.01 for all). The expression levels of p21 protein were decreased significantly in 800/1000 pulses groups, and those of cyclinD1, cyclinA, cyclinE, cdk2 and cdk4 were obviously increased after rMS as compared with control group (P<0.05 or 0.01 for all). In conclusion, our findings suggested that rMS enhances the NSCs proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and miR-106b/p21/cdks/cyclins pathway was involved in the process.
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31
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de Celis Alonso B, Hidalgo-Tobón SS, Menéndez-González M, Salas-Pacheco J, Arias-Carrión O. Magnetic Resonance Techniques Applied to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2015; 6:146. [PMID: 26191037 PMCID: PMC4490248 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects at least 10 million people worldwide. It is a neurodegenerative disease, which is currently diagnosed by neurological examination. No neuroimaging investigation or blood biomarker is available to aid diagnosis and prognosis. Most effort toward diagnosis using magnetic resonance (MR) has been focused on the use of structural/anatomical neuroimaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). However, deep brain stimulation, a current strategy for treating PD, is guided by MR imaging (MRI). For clinical prognosis, diagnosis, and follow-up investigations, blood oxygen level-dependent MRI, DTI, spectroscopy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have been used. These techniques represent the state of the art in the last 5 years. Here, we focus on MR techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito de Celis Alonso
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla , Mexico ; Fundación para el Desarrollo Carlos Sigüenza , Puebla , Mexico
| | - Silvia S Hidalgo-Tobón
- Departamento de Imagenología, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" , Mexico City , Mexico ; Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - José Salas-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango , Durango , Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González , Mexico City , Mexico
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Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:303. [PMID: 26136672 PMCID: PMC4468834 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a variety of serious pathological conditions including stroke, depression, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, pain, and migraines, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term TMS remain unclear. In the present review, the effects of rTMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity are described, including the classic interpretations of TMS effects on synaptic plasticity via long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We also discuss the effects of rTMS on the genetic apparatus of neurons, glial cells, and the prevention of neuronal death. The neurotrophic effects of rTMS on dendritic growth and sprouting and neurotrophic factors are described, including change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration under the influence of rTMS. Also, non-classical effects of TMS related to biophysical effects of magnetic fields are described, including the quantum effects, the magnetic spin effects, genetic magnetoreception, the macromolecular effects of TMS, and the electromagnetic theory of consciousness. Finally, we discuss possible interpretations of TMS effects according to dynamical systems theory. Evidence suggests that a rTMS-induced magnetic field should be considered a separate physical factor that can be impactful at the subatomic level and that rTMS is capable of significantly altering the reactivity of molecules (radicals). It is thought that these factors underlie the therapeutic benefits of therapy with TMS. Future research on these mechanisms will be instrumental to the development of more powerful and reliable TMS treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Yu Chernyavsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry O Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia ; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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33
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Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26136672 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a variety of serious pathological conditions including stroke, depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, pain, and migraines, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term TMS remain unclear. In the present review, the effects of rTMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity are described, including the classic interpretations of TMS effects on synaptic plasticity via long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We also discuss the effects of rTMS on the genetic apparatus of neurons, glial cells, and the prevention of neuronal death. The neurotrophic effects of rTMS on dendritic growth and sprouting and neurotrophic factors are described, including change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration under the influence of rTMS. Also, non-classical effects of TMS related to biophysical effects of magnetic fields are described, including the quantum effects, the magnetic spin effects, genetic magnetoreception, the macromolecular effects of TMS, and the electromagnetic theory of consciousness. Finally, we discuss possible interpretations of TMS effects according to dynamical systems theory. Evidence suggests that a rTMS-induced magnetic field should be considered a separate physical factor that can be impactful at the subatomic level and that rTMS is capable of significantly altering the reactivity of molecules (radicals). It is thought that these factors underlie the therapeutic benefits of therapy with TMS. Future research on these mechanisms will be instrumental to the development of more powerful and reliable TMS treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Yu Chernyavsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry O Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia ; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Merkle FT, Maroof A, Wataya T, Sasai Y, Studer L, Eggan K, Schier AF. Generation of neuropeptidergic hypothalamic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2015; 142:633-43. [PMID: 25670790 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic neurons orchestrate many essential physiological and behavioral processes via secreted neuropeptides, and are relevant to human diseases such as obesity, narcolepsy and infertility. We report the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into many of the major types of neuropeptidergic hypothalamic neurons, including those producing pro-opiolemelanocortin, agouti-related peptide, hypocretin/orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone, oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Hypothalamic neurons can be generated using a 'self-patterning' strategy that yields a broad array of cell types, or via a more reproducible directed differentiation approach. Stem cell-derived human hypothalamic neurons share characteristic morphological properties and gene expression patterns with their counterparts in vivo, and are able to integrate into the mouse brain. These neurons could form the basis of cellular models, chemical screens or cellular therapies to study and treat common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian T Merkle
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Asif Maroof
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Takafumi Wataya
- Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yoshiki Sasai
- Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander F Schier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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35
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Lee YH, Lee YS, Choi HD, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH. Effect of whole-body exposure to the 848.5 MHz code division multiple access (CDMA) electromagnetic field on adult neurogenesis in the young, healthy rat brain. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:354-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.995382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Guo F, Han X, Zhang J, Zhao X, Lou J, Chen H, Huang X. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes neural stem cell proliferation via the regulation of MiR-25 in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109267. [PMID: 25302788 PMCID: PMC4193773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has increasingly been studied over the past decade to determine whether it has a therapeutic benefit on focal cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism of rTMS in this process remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the effects of rTMS on the proliferation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and explored microRNAs (miRNAs) that were affected by rTMS. Our data showed that 10 Hz rTMS significantly increased the proliferation of adult NSCs after focal cerebral ischemia in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and the expression of miR-25 was obviously up-regulated in the ischemic cortex after rTMS. p57, an identified miR-25 target gene that regulates factors linked to NSC proliferation, was also evaluated, and it exhibited down-regulation. To further verify the role of miR-25, rats were injected with a single dose of antagomir-25 and were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia followed by rTMS treatment. The results confirmed that miR-25 could be repressed specifically and could drive the up-regulation of its target gene (p57), which resulted in the inhibition of adult NSC proliferation in the SVZ after rTMS. Thus, our studies strongly indicated that 10 Hz rTMS can promote the proliferation of adult NSCs in the SVZ after focal cerebral ischemia by regulating the miR-25/p57 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jicheng Lou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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37
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Low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves abnormal visual cortical circuit topography and upregulates BDNF in mice. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10780-92. [PMID: 25100609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0723-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly used as a treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Although the induced field is focused on a target region during rTMS, adjacent areas also receive stimulation at a lower intensity and the contribution of this perifocal stimulation to network-wide effects is poorly defined. Here, we examined low-intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS)-induced changes on a model neural network using the visual systems of normal (C57Bl/6J wild-type, n = 22) and ephrin-A2A5(-/-) (n = 22) mice, the latter possessing visuotopic anomalies. Mice were treated with LI-rTMS or sham (handling control) daily for 14 d, then fluorojade and fluororuby were injected into visual cortex. The distribution of dorsal LGN (dLGN) neurons and corticotectal terminal zones (TZs) was mapped and disorder defined by comparing their actual location with that predicted by injection sites. In the afferent geniculocortical projection, LI-rTMS decreased the abnormally high dispersion of retrogradely labeled neurons in the dLGN of ephrin-A2A5(-/-) mice, indicating geniculocortical map refinement. In the corticotectal efferents, LI-rTMS improved topography of the most abnormal TZs in ephrin-A2A5(-/-) mice without altering topographically normal TZs. To investigate a possible molecular mechanism for LI-rTMS-induced structural plasticity, we measured brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the visual cortex and superior colliculus after single and multiple stimulations. BDNF was upregulated after a single stimulation for all groups, but only sustained in the superior colliculus of ephrin-A2A5(-/-) mice. Our results show that LI-rTMS upregulates BDNF, promoting a plastic environment conducive to beneficial reorganization of abnormal cortical circuits, information that has important implications for clinical rTMS.
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Liu B, Cai G, Yi J, Chen X. Buyang Huanwu Decoction regulates neural stem cell behavior in ischemic brain. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2336-42. [PMID: 25206543 PMCID: PMC4146048 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.25.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Buyang Huanwu Decoction has been shown to improve the neu-rological function of patients with stroke. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effect remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion and intragastrically administered 5 g/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction, once per day, for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after cerebral ischemia. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a number of cells positive for the neural stem cell marker nestin in the cerebral cortex, the subven-tricular zone and the ipsilateral hippocampal dentate gyrus in rat models of cerebral ischemia. Buyang Huanwu Decoction significantly increased the number of cells positive for 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a cell proliferation-related marker, microtubule-associated protein-2, a marker of neuronal differentiation, and growth-associated protein 43, a marker of synaptic plasticity in the ischemic rat cerebral regions. The number of positive cells peaked at 14 and 28 days after intragastric administration of Buyang Huanwu Decoction. These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction can promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and hance synaptic plasticity in ischemic rat brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guangxian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
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39
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Jung IS, Kim HJ, Noh R, Kim SC, Kim CW. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on NGF induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35:459-69. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In-Soo Jung
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ran Noh
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Control Engineering; Hankyong National University; Anseong-si Kyonggi-do Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
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40
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Reale M, Kamal MA, Patruno A, Costantini E, D'Angelo C, Pesce M, Greig NH. Neuronal cellular responses to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure: implications regarding oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104973. [PMID: 25127118 PMCID: PMC4134243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases comprise both hereditary and sporadic conditions characterized by an identifying progressive nervous system dysfunction and distinctive neuopathophysiology. The majority are of non-familial etiology and hence environmental factors and lifestyle play key roles in their pathogenesis. The extensive use of and ever increasing worldwide demand for electricity has stimulated societal and scientific interest on the environmental exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human health. Epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between 50/60-Hz power transmission fields and leukemia or lymphoma development. Consequent to the association between EMFs and induction of oxidative stress, concerns relating to development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), have been voiced as the brain consumes the greatest fraction of oxygen and is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF)-EMFs are reported to alter animal behavior and modulate biological variables, including gene expression, regulation of cell survival, promotion of cellular differentiation, and changes in cerebral blood flow in aged AD transgenic mice. Alterations in inflammatory responses have also been reported, but how these actions impact human health remains unknown. We hence evaluated the effects of an electromagnetic wave (magnetic field intensity 1mT; frequency, 50-Hz) on a well-characterized immortalized neuronal cell model, human SH-SY5Y cells. ELF-EMF exposure elevated the expession of NOS and O2−, which were countered by compensatory changes in antioxidant catylase (CAT) activity and enzymatic kinetic parameters related to CYP-450 and CAT activity. Actions of ELF-EMFs on cytokine gene expression were additionally evaluated and found rapidly modified. Confronted with co-exposure to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, ELF-EMF proved not as well counteracted and resulted in a decline in CAT activity and a rise in O2− levels. Together these studies support the further evaluation of ELF-EMF exposure in cellular and in vivo preclinical models to define mechanisms potentially impacted in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail: (MR); (NG)
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara D'Angelo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Miko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MR); (NG)
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41
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Motamed Vaziri P, Bahrpeyma F, Firoozabadi M, Forough B, Hatef B, Sheikhhoseini R, Shamili A. Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to improve motor function and grip force of upper limbs of patients with hemiplegia. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e13579. [PMID: 25389476 PMCID: PMC4222002 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the most common and debilitating neurological disorder among adults, and is a sudden onset of neurological signs caused by brain blood vessels impairments. OBJECTIVES Some new therapeutic methods focus on the use of magnetic stimulation to produce therapeutic effects by inducing the currents. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of rTMS plus routine rehabilitation on hand grip and wrist motor functions in patients with hemiplegia, and compare with pure routine rehabilitation programs. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, 12 patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided in two groups. Control group, received the rehabilitation program with placebo magnetic stimulation, and the experimental group, received magnetic stimulation with routine rehabilitation program for 10 sessions for three times per week. Pre and post evaluations of treatment performed using Barthel and Fugl-Meyer indices and dynamometers. RESULTS In the control group, Barthel and Fugl-Meyer indices showed significant improvement (P = 0.01, P = 0.00), while in the experimental group, significant improvement in Barthel and Fugl-Meyer indices and dynamometers has been observed (P = 0.01, P = 0.00, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS rTMS can improve hand muscle force and functions of patients with chronic hemiplegia, while conventional treatment is not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farid Bahrpeyma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Bijan Forough
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Boshra Hatef
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baghiyatallah University on Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Rahman Sheikhhoseini
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Rahman Sheikhhoseini, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122790724, +98-9188668284, E-mail:
| | - Aryan Shamili
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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42
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Potent stimulation of blood flow in fingers of volunteers after local short-term treatment with low-frequency magnetic fields from a novel device. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:543564. [PMID: 24963323 PMCID: PMC4055403 DOI: 10.1155/2014/543564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel hand-held low-frequency magnetic stimulator (MagCell-SR) was tested for its ability to stimulate microcirculation in fingers of healthy volunteers. Blood flow during and after 5 minutes exposure was quantified using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging Technique. The device was positioned between the wrist and the dorsal part of the backhand. Because the increase in blood flow could be caused by a release of nitric oxide (NO) from the vascular endothelial cells we tested NO production with a fluorescence marker and quantified the measurements in cell cultures of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure increased blood flow significantly, persisted several minutes, and then disappeared gradually. In order to assess the effect of a static magnetic field, the measurements were also carried out with the device shutoff. Here, only a small increase in blood flow was noted. The application of the rotating MagCell-SR to the HUVEC cultures leads to a rapid onset and a significant increase of NO release after 15 minutes. Thus, frequencies between 4 and 12 Hz supplied by the device improve microcirculation significantly. Therefore, this device can be used in all clinical situations where an improvement of the microcirculation is useful like in chronic wound healing deficits.
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43
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Effects of exposure to an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on hippocampal long-term potentiation in rat. Brain Res 2014; 1564:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Arias-Carrión O, Murillo-Rodríguez E. Effects of hypocretin/orexin cell transplantation on narcoleptic-like sleep behavior in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95342. [PMID: 24736646 PMCID: PMC3988205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sleep disorder narcolepsy is now considered a neurodegenerative disease because there is a massive loss of neurons containing the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (HCRT). In consequence, narcoleptic patients have very low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of HCRT. Studies in animal models of narcolepsy have shown the neurophysiological role of the HCRT system in the development of this disease. For example, the injection of the neurotoxin named hypocretin-2-saporin (HCRT2/SAP) into the lateral hypothalamus (LH) destroys the HCRT neurons, therefore diminishes the contents of HCRT in the CSF and induces narcoleptic-like behavior in rats. Transplants of various cell types have been used to induce recovery in a variety of neurodegenerative animal models. In models such as Parkinson's disease, cell survival has been shown to be small but satisfactory. Similarly, cell transplantation could be employed to implant grafts of HCRT cells into the LH or even other brain regions to treat narcolepsy. Here, we report for the first time that transplantation of HCRT neurons into the LH of HCRT2/SAP-lesioned rats diminishes narcoleptic-like sleep behavior. Therefore, cell transplantation may provide an effective method to treat narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Ajusco Medio, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (OAC); (EMR)
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
- * E-mail: (OAC); (EMR)
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45
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Leone L, Fusco S, Mastrodonato A, Piacentini R, Barbati SA, Zaffina S, Pani G, Podda MV, Grassi C. Epigenetic Modulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1472-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Málly J, Stone TW. New advances in the rehabilitation of CNS diseases applying rTMS. Expert Rev Neurother 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.7.2.165\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Podda MV, Leone L, Barbati SA, Mastrodonato A, Li Puma DD, Piacentini R, Grassi C. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields enhance the survival of newborn neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 39:893-903. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Podda
- Institute of Human Physiology; Medical School; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Lucia Leone
- Institute of Human Physiology; Medical School; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Saviana A. Barbati
- Institute of Human Physiology; Medical School; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Alessia Mastrodonato
- Institute of Human Physiology; Medical School; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Domenica D. Li Puma
- Institute of Human Physiology; Medical School; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology; Medical School; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology; Medical School; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Largo Francesco Vito 1 00168 Rome Italy
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48
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Kim HJ, Jung J, Park JH, Kim JH, Ko KN, Kim CW. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields induce neural differentiation in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:923-31. [DOI: 10.1177/1535370213497173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect numerous biological functions such as gene expression, cell fate determination and even cell differentiation. To investigate the correlation between ELF-EMF exposure and differentiation, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were subjected to a 50-Hz electromagnetic field during in vitro expansion. The influence of ELF-EMF on BM-MSCs was analysed by a range of different analytical methods to understand its role in the enhancement of neural differentiation. ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased the rate of proliferation, which in turn caused an increase in neuronal differentiation. The ELF-EMF-treated cells showed increased levels of neuronal differentiation marker (MAP2), while early neuronal marker (Nestin) was down-regulated. In addition, eight differentially expressed proteins were detected in two-dimensional electrophoresis maps, and were identified using ESI-Q-TOF LC/MS/MS. Among them, ferritin light chain, thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, and tubulin β-6 chain were up-regulated in the ELF-EMF-stimulated group. Ferritin and thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase are involved in a wide variety of functions, including Ca2+ regulation, which is a critical component of neurodegeneration. We also observed that the intracellular Ca2+ content was significantly elevated after ELF-EMF exposure, which strengthens the modulatory role of ferritin and thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, during differentiation. Notably, western blot analysis indicated significantly increased expression of the ferritin light chain in the ELF-EMF-stimulated group (0.60 vs. 1.08; P < 0.01). These proteins may help understand the effect of ELF-EMF stimulation on BM-MSCs during neural differentiation and its potential use as a clinically therapeutic option for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jessica Jung
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jee-Hye Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Kyung-Nam Ko
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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49
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Bai WF, Xu WC, Feng Y, Huang H, Li XP, Deng CY, Zhang MS. Fifty-Hertz electromagnetic fields facilitate the induction of rat bone mesenchymal stromal cells to differentiate into functional neurons. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:961-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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van den Berge SA, van Strien ME, Hol EM. Resident adult neural stem cells in Parkinson's disease--the brain's own repair system? Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 719:117-127. [PMID: 23872414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One important pathological process in the brain of Parkinson disease (PD) patients is the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to a decline in striatal dopamine levels and motor dysfunction. A major clinical problem is that this degenerative process currently cannot be stopped or reversed. Expectations from the restorative capacity of neural stem cells (NSCs) are high, as these cells can potentially replace the degenerating neurons. The discovery of the presence of NSCs in the adult human brain has instigated research into the potential of these cells as a resource to promote brain repair in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural stem and progenitor cells reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ), which is closely situated to the striatum, which is affected in PD. Therefore, restoring the dopamine levels in the striatum of PD patients through stimulating endogenous NSCs in the nearby SVZ to migrate into the striatum and differentiate into dopaminergic neurons might thus be an attractive future therapeutic approach. We will review the reported changes in NSCs in the SVZ of PD animal models and PD patients, which are due to a lack of striatal dopamine. Furthermore, we will summarise the reports that describe efforts to stimulate NSCs to replace dopaminergic cells in the SN and restore striatal dopamine levels. In our opinion, mobilizing the endogenous SVZ NSCs to replenish striatal dopamine is an attractive approach to alleviate the motor symptoms in PD patients, without the ethical and immunological challenges of transplantation of NSCs and foetal brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A van den Berge
- Astrocyte Biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Astrocyte Biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Astrocyte Biology & Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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