1
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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Zhang F, Guo X, Buha Djordevic A, Sotnikova TI, Korobeinikova TV, Domingo JL, Farsky SHP, Tinkov AA. Molecular mechanisms of environmental pollutant-induced cartilage damage: from developmental disorders to osteoarthritis. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03772-9. [PMID: 38758407 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review the molecular mechanisms of the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on chondrocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM). Existing data demonstrate that both heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), as well as organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), bisphenol A, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), pesticides, and certain other organic pollutants that target cartilage ontogeny and functioning. Overall, environmental pollutants reduce chondrocyte viability through the induction apoptosis, senescence, and inflammatory response, resulting in cell death and impaired ECM production. The effects of organic pollutants on chondrocyte development and viability were shown to be mediated by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling and modulation of non-coding RNA expression. Adverse effects of pollutant exposures were observed in articular and growth plate chondrocytes. These mechanisms also damage chondrocyte precursors and subsequently hinder cartilage development. In addition, pollutant exposure was shown to impair chondrogenesis by inhibiting the expression of Sox9 and other regulators. Along with altered Runx2 signaling, these effects also contribute to impaired chondrocyte hypertrophy and chondrocyte-to-osteoblast trans-differentiation, resulting in altered endochondral ossification. Several organic pollutants including PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PAHs, were shown to induce transgenerational adverse effects on cartilage development and the resulting skeletal deformities. Despite of epidemiological evidence linking human environmental pollutant exposure to osteoarthritis or other cartilage pathologies, the data on the molecular mechanisms of adverse effects of environmental pollutant exposure on cartilage tissue were obtained from studies in laboratory rodents, fish, or cell cultures and should be carefully extrapolated to humans, although they clearly demonstrate that cartilage should be considered a putative target for environmental pollutant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatiana I Sotnikova
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital N. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jose L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 4320, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 005508-000, Brazil
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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2
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Anwar A, De Ayreflor Reyes SR, John AA, Breiling E, O’Connor AM, Reis S, Shim JH, Shah AA, Srinivasan J, Farny NG. Nucleic Acid Aptamers Protect Against Lead (Pb(II)) Toxicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587288. [PMID: 38585880 PMCID: PMC10996642 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb(II)) is a pervasive heavy metal toxin with many well-established negative effects on human health. Lead toxicity arises from cumulative, repeated environmental exposures. Thus, prophylactic strategies to protect against the bioaccumulation of lead could reduce lead-associated human pathologies. Here we show that DNA and RNA aptamers protect C. elegans from toxic phenotypes caused by lead. Reproductive toxicity, as measured by brood size assays, is prevented by co-feeding of animals with DNA or RNA aptamers. Similarly, lead-induced behavioral anomalies are also normalized by aptamer feeding. Further, cultured human HEK293 and primary murine osteoblasts are protected from lead toxicity by transfection with DNA aptamers. The osteogenic development, which is decreased by lead exposure, is maintained by prior transfection of lead-binding DNA aptamers. Aptamers may be an effective strategy for the protection of human health in the face of increasing environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Anwar
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri (J&K), India
| | | | - Aijaz Ahmad John
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Erik Breiling
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Abigail M. O’Connor
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Stephanie Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri (J&K), India
| | - Jagan Srinivasan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Natalie G. Farny
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
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3
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Chen X, Wang C, Zhao G, Li Z, Zhang W, Song T, Zhang C, Duan N. Suppression of DNMT2/3 by proinflammatory cytokines inhibits CtBP1/2-dependent genes to promote the occurrence of atrophic nonunion. Cytokine 2024; 173:156436. [PMID: 37979214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Failure of bone healing after fracture often results in nonunion, but the underlying mechanism of nonunion pathogenesis is poorly understood. Herein, we provide evidence to clarify that the inflammatory microenvironment of atrophic nonunion (AN) mice suppresses the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases 2 (DNMT2) and 3A (DNMT3a), preventing the methylation of CpG islands on the promoters of C-terminal binding protein 1/2 (CtBP1/2) and resulting in their overexpression. Increased CtBP1/2 acts as transcriptional corepressors that, along with histone acetyltransferase p300 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), suppress the expression levels of six genes involved in bone healing: BGLAP (bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein), ALPL (alkaline phosphatase), SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), COL1A1 (collagen 1a1), IBSP (integrin binding sialoprotein), and MMP13 (matrix metallopeptidase 13). We also observe a similar phenomenon in osteoblast cells treated with proinflammatory cytokines or treated with a DNMT inhibitor (5-azacytidine). Forced expression of DNMT2/3a or blockage of CtBP1/2 with their inhibitors can reverse the expression levels of BGLAP/ALPL/SPP1/COL1A1/IBSP/MMP13 in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines. Administration of CtBP1/2 inhibitors in fractured mice can prevent the incidence of AN. Thus, we demonstrate that the downregulation of bone healing genes dependent on proinflammatory cytokines/DNMT2/3a/CtBP1/2-p300-Runx2 axis signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AN. Disruption of this signaling may represent a new therapeutic strategy to prevent AN incidence after bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Chaofeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Guolong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Congming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
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Ko FC, Moran MM, Ross RD, Sumner DR. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling accelerates intramembranous bone regeneration in male mice. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1834-1843. [PMID: 34811780 PMCID: PMC9124233 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in skeletal development, homeostasis, and both endochondral and intramembranous repair. While studies have demonstrated that the inhibition of Wnt signaling impairs intramembranous bone regeneration, how its activation affects intramembranous bone regeneration has been underexplored. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of activation of canonical Wnt signaling on intramembranous bone regeneration by using the well-established marrow ablation model. We hypothesized that mice with a mutation in the Wnt ligand coreceptor gene Lrp5 would have accelerated intramembranous bone regeneration. Male and female wild-type and Lrp5-mutant mice underwent unilateral femoral bone marrow ablation surgery in the right femur at 4 weeks of age. Both the left intact and right operated femurs were assessed at Days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. The intact femur of Lrp5 mutant mice of both sexes had higher bone mass than wild-type littermates, although to a greater degree in males than females. Overall, the regenerated bone volume in Lrp5 mutant male mice was 1.8-fold higher than that of littermate controls, whereas no changes were observed between female Lrp5 mutant and littermate control mice. In addition, the rate of intramembranous bone regeneration (from Day 3 to Day 7) was higher in Lrp5 mutant male mice compared to their same-sex littermate controls with no difference in the females. Thus, activation of canonical Wnt signaling increases bone mass in intact bones of both sexes, but accelerates intramembranous bone regeneration following an injury challenge only in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C. Ko
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Meghan M. Moran
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Ryan D. Ross
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - D. Rick Sumner
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612
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5
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Khalid M, Hodjat M, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Bayrami Z, Abdollahi M. Lead inhibits the odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells by affecting WNT1/β-catenin signaling and related miRNAs expression. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105422. [PMID: 35738543 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in environment that accumulates in teeth and calcified tissues from where it releases gradually with aging and adversely affects dental health. This study aimed to determine the effect of Pb exposure on odontogenic differentiation potential of isolated human dental pulp stem cells and investigate the possible underlying epigenetic factors. In the absence of Pb exposure, stem cells displayed significant odontogenic markers including elevated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining intensity, and increased expression of odontogenic DMP1 and DSPP genes. Exposure to 60 μM Pb resulted in reduced ALP activity and calcium deposition. Also, diminished expression of RUNX2, DMP1, and DSPP, as well as Wnt signaling mediators including WNT1, and β-catenin were detected. The expression of Wnt signaling related microRNAs, miRNA-139-5p and miRNA-142-3p, on the other hand, were shown to have a significant increase. We concluded that Pb could adversely affect the odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cell. The underlying mechanism might related to Pb-induced epigenetic dysregulation of WNT1/β-catenin pathway-related miRNAs leading to down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin related odontogenic genes and eventually impaired odontogenic differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bayrami
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Steppe L, Krüger BT, Tschaffon MEA, Fischer V, Tuckermann J, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Estrogen Receptor α Signaling in Osteoblasts is Required for Mechanotransduction in Bone Fracture Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:782355. [PMID: 34950644 PMCID: PMC8689144 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.782355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stimulation by whole-body low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has demonstrated to provoke anabolic effects on bone metabolism in both non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic animals and humans. However, preclinical studies reported that vibration improved fracture healing and bone formation in osteoporotic, ovariectomized (OVX) mice representing an estrogen-deficient hormonal status, but impaired bone regeneration in skeletally healthy non-OVX mice. These effects were abolished in general estrogen receptor α (ERα)-knockout (KO) mice. However, it remains to be elucidated which cell types in the fracture callus are targeted by LMHFV during bone healing. To answer this question, we generated osteoblast lineage-specific ERα-KO mice that were subjected to ovariectomy, femur osteotomy and subsequent vibration. We found that the ERα specifically on osteoblastic lineage cells facilitated the vibration-induced effects on fracture healing, because in osteoblast lineage-specific ERα-KO (ERαfl/fl; Runx2Cre) mice the negative effects in non-OVX mice were abolished, whereas the positive effects of vibration in OVX mice were reversed. To gain greater mechanistic insights, the influence of vibration on murine and human osteogenic cells was investigated in vitro by whole genome array analysis and qPCR. The results suggested that particularly canonical WNT and Cox2/PGE2 signaling is involved in the mechanotransduction of LMHFV under estrogen-deficient conditions. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a critical role of the osteoblast lineage-specific ERα in LMHFV-induced effects on fracture healing and provides further insights into the molecular mechanism behind these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thilo Krüger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Khalid M, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Environmental Exposure to Heavy Metals Contributes to Diseases Via Deregulated Wnt Signaling Pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:370-382. [PMID: 34567167 PMCID: PMC8457726 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114897.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a critical role during embryogenesis and is responsible for regulating the homeostasis of the adult stem cells and cells fate via a multitude of signaling pathways and associated transcription factors, receptors, effectors, and inhibitors. For this review, published articles were searched from PubMed Central, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar. The search terms were Wnt, canonical, noncanonical, signaling pathway, β-catenin, environment, and heavy metals. Published articles on Wnt signaling pathways and heavy metals as contributing factors for causing diseases via influencing Wnt signaling pathways were included. Wnt canonical or noncanonical signaling pathways are the key regulators of stem cell homeostasis that control many mechanisms. There is an adequate balance between β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signaling pathways and remain highly conserved throughout different development stages. Environmental heavy metal exposure may cause either inhibition or overexpression of any component of Wnt signaling pathways such as Wnt protein, transcription factors, receptors, ligands, or transducers to impede normal cellular function via negatively affecting Wnt signaling pathways. Environmental exposure to heavy metals potentially contributes to diseases via deregulated Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Jabara JT, Gannon NP, Vallier HA, Nguyen MP. Management of Civilian Low-Velocity Gunshot Injuries to an Extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:1026-1037. [PMID: 33755646 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
➤ Despite an increasing rate of civilian low-velocity gunshot injuries, there remains a lack of evidence-based treatment standards. ➤ Most low-velocity gunshot-induced fractures of the extremity can be managed similarly to non-gunshot-induced fractures, with the goals of restoring function and minimizing complications. ➤ There are a limited number of high-quality studies to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics for nonoperatively treated gunshot wounds. ➤ Intra-articular retained bullets should be removed, while prophylactic irrigation and debridement for a transarticular bullet is not routinely warranted for infection prevention. ➤ Much of the literature on low-velocity gunshot wounds is Level-III or IV evidence, warranting the need for higher-powered, randomized, prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Jabara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Heather A Vallier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mai P Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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9
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Liu D, He S, Chen S, Yang L, Yang J, Bao Q, Qin H, Zhao Y, Zong Z. Wnt/β-catenin signalling promotes more effective fracture healing in aged mice than in adult mice by inducing angiogenesis and cell differentiation. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211013223. [PMID: 33950750 PMCID: PMC10358591 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211013223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway differentially promotes fracture healing in aged and adult individuals. CatnbTM2Kem, Catnblox(ex3) and wild-type adult and aged mice were used in this study. The femur was electroporated through a hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm. On the 7th, 14th and 21st days after fracture establishment, repair of the femoral diaphyseal bone was examined using X-ray and CT, the levels of mRNAs related to Wnt/β-catenin signalling were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and angiogenesis and cell differentiation were observed using immunohistochemistry. The numbers of osteoclasts were determined by TRAP staining. Wnt/β-catenin activation accelerated fracture healing in adult mice, with more pronounced effects on aged mice. Compared with wild-type mice at the corresponding ages, Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation induced higher levels of angiogenesis and cell differentiation in aged mice than in adult mice and promoted fracture healing. The administration of medications targeting Wnt/β-catenin signalling to aged patients may accelerate fracture healing to a greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sihao He
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Hao Qin
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Comeau-Gauthier M, Tarchala M, Luna JLRG, Harvey E, Merle G. Unleashing β-catenin with a new anti-Alzheimer drug for bone tissue regeneration. Injury 2020; 51:2449-2459. [PMID: 32829895 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is critical for bone differentiation and regeneration. Tideglusib, a selective FDA approved glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor, has been shown to promote dentine formation, but its effect on bone has not been examined. Our objective was to study the effect of localized Tideglusib administration on bone repair. Bone healing between Tideglusib treated and control mice was analysed at 7, 14 and 28 days postoperative (PO) with microCT, dynamic histomorphometry and immunohistology. There was a local downregulation of GSK-3β in Tideglusib animals, resulting in a significant increase in the amount of new bone formation with both enhanced cortical bone bridging and medullary bone deposition. The bone formation in the Tideglusib group was characterized by early osteoblast differentiation with down-regulation of GSK-3β at day 7 and 14, and higher accumulation of active β-catenin at day 14. Here, for the first time, we show a positive effect of Tideglusib on bone formation through the inactivation of GSK-3β. Furthermore, the findings suggest that Tideglusib does not interfere with precursor cell recruitment and commitment, contrary to other GSK-3β antagonists such as lithium chloride. Taken together, the results indicate that Tideglusib could be used directly at a fracture site during the initial intraoperative internal fixation without the need for further surgery, injection or drug delivery system. This FDA-approved drug may be useful in the future for the prevention of non-union in patients presenting with a high risk for fracture-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Comeau-Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Magdalena Tarchala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Qc., H3G 1A4 Canada.
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez-Garcia Luna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Qc., H3G 1A4 Canada.
| | - Edward Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Bone Engineering Labs, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room C10-124, Montreal, Qc., H3G 1A4 Canada.
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique J.-A.-Bombardier building Polytechnique Montréal C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), H3C 3A7, Canada.
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11
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Schupbach D, Comeau-Gauthier M, Harvey E, Merle G. Wnt modulation in bone healing. Bone 2020; 138:115491. [PMID: 32569871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have been instrumental in the field of orthopaedics for finding tools to improve the standard management of fractures and delayed unions. The Wnt signaling pathway that is crucial for development and maintenance of many organs also has a very promising pathway for enhancement of bone regeneration. The Wnt pathway has been shown to have a direct effect on stem cells during bone regeneration, making Wnt a potential target to stimulate bone repair after trauma. A more complete view of how Wnt influences animal bone regeneration has slowly come to light. This review article provides an overview of studies done investigating the modulation of the canonical Wnt pathway in animal bone regeneration models. This not only includes a summary of the recent work done elucidating the roles of Wnt and β-catenin in fracture healing, but also the results of thirty transgenic studies, and thirty-eight pharmacological studies. Finally, we discuss the discontinuation of sclerostin clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials with lithium, the results of Dkk antibody clinical trials, the shift into combination therapies and the future opportunities to enhance bone repair and regeneration through the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Schupbach
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A7-117, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Marianne Comeau-Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A7-117, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Edward Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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12
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Liu CM, Tian ZK, Zhang YJ, Ming QL, Ma JQ, Ji LP. Effects of Gastrodin against Lead-Induced Brain Injury in Mice Associated with the Wnt/Nrf2 Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061805. [PMID: 32560430 PMCID: PMC7353406 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, exhibited potential neuroprotective properties. Here we examined the protective effects of GAS against lead(Pb)-induced nerve injury in mice, and explores its underlying mechanisms. Our research findings revealed that GAS improved behavioral deficits in Pb-exposed mice. GAS reduced the accumulation of p-tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ). GAS inhibited Pb-induced inflammation in the brain, as indicated by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). GAS increased the expression levels of NR2A and neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). GAS inhibited Pb-induced apoptosis of neurons in hippocampus tissue, as indicated by the decreased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of GAS were associated with inhibiting oxidative stress by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant signaling. GAS supplement activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reduced the expression of Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1). Collectively, this study clarified that GAS exhibited neuroprotective property by anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects and its ability to regulate the Wnt/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Zhi-Kai Tian
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Yu-Jia Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Qing-Lei Ming
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Jie-Qiong Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Xuyuan Road, Zigong 643000, China;
| | - Li-Ping Ji
- College of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-516-83403170; Fax: +86-516-83500171
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Akin R, Hannibal D, Loida M, Stevens EM, Grunz-Borgmann EA, Parrish AR. Cadmium and Lead Decrease Cell-Cell Aggregation and Increase Migration and Invasion in Renca Mouse Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246315. [PMID: 31847310 PMCID: PMC6940727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an important clinical issue; the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is approximately 12%, while it is 93% in those with localized disease. There is evidence that blood cadmium and lead levels are elevated in RCC. The current studies were designed to assess the impact of cadmium and lead on the progression of RCC. The disruption of homotypic cell-cell adhesion is an essential step in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Therefore, we examined the impact of cadmium and lead on the cadherin/catenin complex in Renca cells-a mouse RCC cell line. Lead, but not cadmium, induced a concentration-dependent loss of E-cadherin, while cadmium, but not lead, increased p120-catenin expression, specifically isoform 1 expression. Lead also induced a substantial increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels. Both cadmium and lead significantly decreased the number of Renca cell aggregates, consistent with the disruption of the cadherin/catenin complex. Both metals enhanced wound healing in a scratch assay, and increased cell migration and invasion. These data suggest that cadmium and lead promote RCC progression.
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14
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Yougui pills exert osteoprotective effects on rabbit steroid-related osteonecrosis of the femoral head by activating β-catenin. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Sun K, Mei W, Mo S, Xin L, Lei X, Huang M, Chen Q, Han L, Zhu X. Lead exposure inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and inactivates the canonical Wnt signal and recovery by icaritin in MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 303:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Upper extremity gunshot wounds result in notable morbidity for the orthopaedic trauma patient. Critical neurovascular structures are particularly at risk. The fractures are often comminuted and may be associated with a variable degree of soft-tissue injury. The literature lacks consensus regarding antibiotic selection and duration, and indications for surgical débridement. Bullets and/or bullet fragments should be removed in cases of plumbism, intra-articular location, nerve impingement, location within a vessel, and location in a subcutaneous position within the hand and/or wrist. Gunshot fractures generally do not follow common fracture patterns seen in blunt injuries, and the complexity of certain gunshot fractures can often be a challenge for the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Common plate and screw constructs may not adequately stabilize these injuries, and innovative fixation techniques may be required. The treatment for bone defects varies by location and severity of injury, and typically requires staged treatment. Nerve injuries after gunshot wounds are common, but spontaneous nerve recovery is expected in most cases.
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17
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Lee HS, Park T. Nuclear receptor and VEGF pathways for gene-blood lead interactions, on bone mineral density, in Korean smokers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193323. [PMID: 29518117 PMCID: PMC5843219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has a complex etiology and is considered a multifactorial polygenic disease, in which genetic determinants are modulated by hormonal, lifestyle, environmental, and nutritional factors. Therefore, investigating these multiple factors, and the interactions between them, might lead to a better understanding of osteoporosis pathogenesis, and possible therapeutic interventions. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between three blood metals (Pb, Cd, and Al), in smoking and nonsmoking patients' sera, and prevalence of osteoporosis. In particular, we focused on gene-environment interactions of metal exposure, including a dataset obtained through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Subsequently, we conducted a pathway-based analysis, using a GWAS dataset, to elucidate how metal exposure influences susceptibility to osteoporosis. In this study, we evaluated blood metal exposures for estimating the prevalence of osteoporosis in 443 participants (aged 53.24 ± 8.29), from the Republic of Korea. Those analyses revealed a negative association between lead blood levels and bone mineral density in current smokers (p trend <0.01). By further using GWAS-based pathway analysis, we found nuclear receptor (FDR<0.05) and VEGF pathways (FDR<0.05) to be significantly upregulated by blood lead burden, with regard to the prevalence of osteoporosis, in current smokers. These findings suggest that the intracellular pathways of angiogenesis and nuclear hormonal signaling can modulate interactions between lead exposure and genetic variation, with regard to susceptibility to diminished bone mineral density. Our findings may provide new leads for understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of osteoporosis, including possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics and Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Gwanak 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Daegu Institution, National Forensic Service, Hogukro, Waegwon-eup, Chilgok-gun, Gyeomgsamgbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics and Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Gwanak 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Vachhani K, Pagotto A, Wang Y, Whyne C, Nam D. Design of experiments confirms optimization of lithium administration parameters for enhanced fracture healing. J Biomech 2018; 66:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Kokabu S, Rosen V. BMP3 expression by osteoblast lineage cells is regulated by canonical Wnt signaling. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 8:168-176. [PMID: 29435407 PMCID: PMC5794463 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling factors are both known to regulate bone mass, fracture risk, fracture repair, and osteoblastogenesis. BMP3 is the most abundant BMP and negatively regulates osteoblastogenesis and bone mass. Thus, identifying the mechanism by which BMP3 acts to depress bone formation may allow for the development of new therapeutics useful in the treatment for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Here, we report that cWnt signaling stimulates BMP3 expression in osteoblast (OB) lineage cells. The expression of BMP3 increases with OB differentiation. Treatment of cells with various cWnt proteins stimulated BMP3 expression. Mice with enhanced cWnt signaling had high expression levels of BMP3. Our data suggest that reduction in BMP3 levels may contribute beneficially to the positive effect of cWnt agonists on bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Kokabu
- Department of Developmental Biology Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA.,Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Medicine Saitama Medical University Moroyama-machiIruma-gun Japan
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA
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20
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Bao Q, Chen S, Qin H, Feng J, Liu H, Liu D, Li A, Shen Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Zong Z. An appropriate Wnt/β-catenin expression level during the remodeling phase is required for improved bone fracture healing in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2695. [PMID: 28578392 PMCID: PMC5457421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a dominant role in bone repair. However, the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the remodeling phase during bone fracture healing is currently unknown. In the present study, β-catenin was activated at different levels or deleted in mice at the late stage of fracture healing, and the effects on healing quality were investigated. Deletion of β-catenin disturbed bone remodeling, as confirmed by increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, and significantly decreased bone strength compared with wildtype mice. In addition, the constitutive activation of β-catenin significantly increased the bone mass and delayed the bone remodeling process, resulting in slightly impaired bone strength. In contrast, a slight activation of β-catenin significantly increased bone formation and slightly hindered bone resorption. These effects lead to improved bone fracture healing quality compared with wildtype mice. In summary, the present study provides the first demonstration showing that Wnt/β-catenin signaling should be maintained at a slightly activated level during the late stage of fracture healing to ensure better bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Sixu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Jianquan Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huayu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Daocheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Yue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China
| | - Zhaowen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined injury, Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, 400042, China.
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21
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Beier EE, Sheu TJ, Resseguie EA, Takahata M, Awad HA, Cory-Slechta DA, Puzas JE. Sclerostin activity plays a key role in the negative effect of glucocorticoid signaling on osteoblast function in mice. Bone Res 2017; 5:17013. [PMID: 28529816 PMCID: PMC5422922 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress during prenatal development is correlated with detrimental cognitive and behavioral outcomes in offspring. However, the long-term impact of prenatal stress (PS) and disrupted glucocorticoid signaling on bone mass and strength is not understood. In contrast, the detrimental effect of lead (Pb) on skeletal health is well documented. As stress and Pb act on common biological targets via glucocorticoid signaling pathways and co-occur in the environment, this study first sought to assess the combined effect of stress and Pb on bone quality in association with alterations in glucocorticoid signaling. Bone parameters were evaluated using microCT, histomorphometry, and strength determination in 8-month-old male mouse offspring subjected to PS on gestational days 16 and 17, lifetime Pb exposure (100 p.p.m. Pb in drinking water), or to both. Pb reduced trabecular bone mass and, when combined with PS, Pb unmasked an exaggerated decrement in bone mass and tensile strength. Next, to characterize a mechanism of glucocorticoid effect on bone, prednisolone was implanted subcutaneously (controlled-release pellet, 5 mg·kg-1 per day) in 5-month-old mice that decreased osteoblastic activity and increased sclerostin and leptin levels. Furthermore, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone alters the anabolic Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt pathway inhibitor sclerostin has several glucocorticoid response elements, and dexamethasone administration to osteoblastic cells induces sclerostin expression. Dexamethasone treatment of isolated bone marrow cells decreased bone nodule formation, whereas removal of sclerostin protected against this decrement in mineralization. Collectively, these findings suggest that bone loss associated with steroid-induced osteoporosis is a consequence of sclerostin-mediated restriction of Wnt signaling, which may mechanistically facilitate glucocorticoid toxicity in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Beier
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tzong-Jen Sheu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily A Resseguie
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Edward Puzas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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22
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Smith JT, Schneider AD, Katchko KM, Yun C, Hsu EL. Environmental Factors Impacting Bone-Relevant Chemokines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28261155 PMCID: PMC5306137 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play an important role in normal bone physiology and the pathophysiology of many bone diseases. The recent increased focus on the individual roles of this class of proteins in the context of bone has shown that members of the two major chemokine subfamilies-CC and CXC-support or promote the formation of new bone and the remodeling of existing bone in response to a myriad of stimuli. These chemotactic molecules are crucial in orchestrating appropriate cellular homing, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis during normal bone repair. Bone healing is a complex cascade of carefully regulated processes, including inflammation, progenitor cell recruitment, differentiation, and remodeling. The extensive role of chemokines in these processes and the known links between environmental contaminants and chemokine expression/activity leaves ample opportunity for disruption of bone healing by environmental factors. However, despite increased clinical awareness, the potential impact of many of these environmental factors on bone-related chemokines is still ill defined. A great deal of focus has been placed on environmental exposure to various endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, phthalate esters, etc.), volatile organic compounds, dioxins, and heavy metals, though mainly in other tissues. Awareness of the impact of other less well-studied bone toxicants, such as fluoride, mold and fungal toxins, asbestos, and chlorine, is also reviewed. In many cases, the literature on these toxins in osteogenic models is lacking. However, research focused on their effects in other tissues and cell lines provides clues for where future resources could be best utilized. This review aims to serve as a current and exhaustive resource detailing the known links between several classes of high-interest environmental pollutants and their interaction with the chemokines relevant to bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew D. Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karina M. Katchko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin L. Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- *Correspondence: Erin L. Hsu,
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23
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Lau KHW, Rundle CH, Zhou XD, Baylink DJ, Sheng MHC. Conditional deletion of IGF-I in osteocytes unexpectedly accelerates bony union of the fracture gap in mice. Bone 2016; 92:18-28. [PMID: 27519969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of deficient IGF-I expression in osteocytes on fracture healing. Transgenic mice with conditional knockout (cKO) of Igf1 in osteocytes were generated by crossing Dmp1-Cre mice with Igf1 flox mice. Fractures were created on the mid-shaft of tibia of 12-week-old male cKO mice and wild-type (WT) littermates by three-point bending. At 21 and 28days post-fracture healing, the increases in cortical bone mineral density, mineral content, bone area, and thickness, as well as sub-cortical bone mineral content at the fracture site were each greater in cKO calluses than in WT calluses. There were 85% decrease in the cartilage area and >2-fold increase in the number of osteoclasts in cKO calluses at 14days post-fracture, suggesting a more rapid remodeling of endochondral bone. The upregulation of mRNA levels of osteoblast marker genes (cbfa1, alp, Opn, and Ocn) was greater in cKO calluses than in WT calluses. μ-CT analysis suggested an accelerated bony union of the fracture gap in cKO mice. The Sost mRNA level was reduced by 50% and the Bmp2 mRNA level was increased 3-fold in cKO fractures at 14days post-fracture, but the levels of these two mRNAs in WT fractures were unchanged, suggesting that the accelerated fracture repair may in part act through the Wnt and/or BMP signaling. In conclusion, conditional deletion of Igf1 in osteocytes not only did not impair, but unexpectedly enhanced, bony union of the fracture gap. The accelerated bony union was due in part to upregulation of the Wnt and BMP2 signaling in response to deficient osteocyte-derived IGF-I expression, which in turn favors intramembranous over endochondral bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Hing W Lau
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Charles H Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhou
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David J Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Matilda H-C Sheng
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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24
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Yu Z, Fan L, Li J, Ge Z, Dang X, Wang K. Lithium prevents rat steroid-related osteonecrosis of the femoral head by β-catenin activation. Endocrine 2016; 52:380-90. [PMID: 26458922 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the use of lithium to prevent rat steroid-related osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) through the modulation of the β-catenin pathway. ONFH was induced by methylprednisolone combined with lipopolysaccharide, and serum lipids were analyzed. ONFH was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Micro-CT-based angiography and bone scanning were performed to analyze vessels and bone structure, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed. Protein levels of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β at Tyr-216 (p-Tyr(216) GSK-3β), total glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin, as well as mRNA levels of GSK-3β and β-catenin in femoral heads, were assessed. The rate of empty bone lacunae in the femoral heads was lower in the lithium and control groups than in the model group. The lithium group showed preventive effects against steroid-related vessel loss by micro-CT-based angiography and VEGF staining. Lithium treatment improved hyperlipidemia and reduced PPARγ expression. Moreover, lithium improved steroid-related bone loss in micro-CT bone scans and BMP-2 staining analyses. Furthermore, local β-catenin was reduced in steroid-related ONFH, and lithium treatment increased β-catenin expression while reducing p-Tyr(216) GSK-3β levels. The local β-catenin pathway was inhibited during steroid-related ONFH. Lithium may enhance angiogenesis and stabilize osteogenic/adipogenic homeostasis during steroid-related ONFH in rats by activating the β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaogang Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Multiple Integrated Complementary Healing Approaches: Energetics & Light for bone. Med Hypotheses 2016; 86:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Autophagy plays a protective role in cell death of osteoblasts exposure to lead chloride. Toxicol Lett 2015; 239:131-40. [PMID: 26383630 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal widespreadly used in industrial field. Prior studies showed that Pb exposure had detrimental effects on osteoblasts. The mechanisms underlying Pb-induced damage are complex. Autophagy can protect cells from various cytotoxic stimuli. In the present study, the aim of our research was to investigate whether Pb could activate autophagy to play a protective role against osteoblasts apoptosis. Our results indicated that PbCl2 induced autophagy and autophagic flux in MC3T3-E1 murine osteoblastic cell by RT-PCR, western blot, as well as fluorescence microscopy analysis of GFP-LC3, AO and MDC staining. Pb increased the apoptosis of osteoblasts, evidenced by western blot and Hoechst 33258 staining assessment. In addition, inhibiting autophagy by 3-MA further increased the osteoblasts apoptosis after Pb exposure, showed by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Furthermore, phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K was inhibited by Pb exposure, indicating that Pb might induce autophagy in osteoblasts via inhibiting mTOR pathway. Altogether, these evidence suggested that Pb exporsure promoted autophagy flux in osteoblasts. The activation of autophagy by Pb played a protective role in osteoblasts apoptosis, which might be mediated through the mTOR pathway.
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