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Zhu D, Trinh P, Liu E, Yang F. Cell-Cell Interactions Enhance Cartilage Zonal Development in 3D Gradient Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:831-843. [PMID: 36629329 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue is characterized by zonal organization with gradual transitions of biochemical and mechanical cues from superficial to deep zones. We previously reported that 3D gradient hydrogels made of polyethylene glycol and chondroitin sulfate can induce zonal-specific responses of chondrocytes, resulting in zonal cartilage formation that mimics native tissues. While the role of cell-matrix interactions has been studied extensively, how cell-cell interactions across different zones influence cartilage zonal development remains unknown. The goal of this study is to harness gradient hydrogels as a tool to elucidate the role of cell-cell interactions in driving cartilage zonal development. When encapsulated in intact gradient hydrogels, chondrocytes exhibited strong zonal-specific responses that mimic native cartilage zonal organization. However, the separate culture of each zone of gradient hydrogels resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and cartilage matrix deposition across all zones, while the trend of zonal dependence remains. Unexpectedly, mixing the coculture of all five zones of hydrogels in the same culture well largely abolished the zonal differences, with all zones behaving similarly to the softest zone. These results suggest that paracrine signal exchange among cells in different zones is essential in driving cartilage zonal development, and a spatial organization of zones is required for proper tissue zonal development. Intact, separate, or coculture groups resulted in distinct gene expression patterns in mechanosensing and cartilage-specific markers, suggesting that cell-cell interactions can also modulate mechanosensing. We further showed that 7 days of priming in intact gradient culture was sufficient to instruct the cells to complete the zonal development, and the separate or mixed coculture after 7 days of intact culture had minimal effects on cartilage formation. This study highlights the important role of cell-cell interactions in driving cartilage zonal development and validates gradient hydrogels as a useful tool to elucidate the role of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in driving zonal development during tissue morphogenesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Pavin Trinh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Elisa Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
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Robert C, Kerff F, Bouillenne F, Gavage M, Vandevenne M, Filée P, Matagne A. Structural analysis of the interaction between human cytokine BMP-2 and the antagonist Noggin reveals molecular details of cell chondrogenesis inhibition. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102892. [PMID: 36642181 PMCID: PMC9929448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. New therapeutic approaches based on BMP activity, particularly for cartilage and bone repair, have sparked considerable interest; however, a lack of understanding of their interaction pathways and the side effects associated with their use as biopharmaceuticals have dampened initial enthusiasm. Here, we used BMP-2 as a model system to gain further insight into both the relationship between structure and function in BMPs and the principles that govern affinity for their cognate antagonist Noggin. We produced BMP-2 and Noggin as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli and developed simple and efficient protocols for preparing pure and homogeneous (in terms of size distribution) solutions of the native dimeric forms of the two proteins. The identity and integrity of the proteins were confirmed using mass spectrometry. Additionally, several in vitro cell-based assays, including enzymatic measurements, RT-qPCR, and matrix staining, demonstrated their biological activity during cell chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation. Furthermore, we characterized the simple 1:1 noncovalent interaction between the two ligands (KDca. 0.4 nM) using bio-layer interferometry and solved the crystal structure of the complex using X-ray diffraction methods. We identified the residues and binding forces involved in the interaction between the two proteins. Finally, results obtained with the BMP-2 N102D mutant suggest that Noggin is remarkably flexible and able to accommodate major structural changes at the BMP-2 level. Altogether, our findings provide insights into BMP-2 activity and reveal the molecular details of its interaction with Noggin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Robert
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Biological Macromolecule Crystallography, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bouillenne
- Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maxime Gavage
- Analytical Laboratory, CER Groupe, rue du Point du Jour, Marloie, Belgium
| | - Marylène Vandevenne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium,Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrice Filée
- Laboratory of immuno-biology, CER Groupe, Novalis Science Park, Aye, Belgium
| | - André Matagne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Chondrocyte Hypertrophy in Osteoarthritis: Mechanistic Studies and Models for the Identification of New Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244034. [PMID: 36552796 PMCID: PMC9777397 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage shows limited self-healing ability owing to its low cellularity and avascularity. Untreated cartilage defects display an increased propensity to degenerate, leading to osteoarthritis (OA). During OA progression, articular chondrocytes are subjected to significant alterations in gene expression and phenotype, including a shift towards a hypertrophic-like state (with the expression of collagen type X, matrix metalloproteinases-13, and alkaline phosphatase) analogous to what eventuates during endochondral ossification. Present OA management strategies focus, however, exclusively on cartilage inflammation and degradation. A better understanding of the hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype in OA might give new insights into its pathogenesis, suggesting potential disease-modifying therapeutic approaches. Recent developments in the field of cellular/molecular biology and tissue engineering proceeded in the direction of contrasting the onset of this hypertrophic phenotype, but knowledge gaps in the cause-effect of these processes are still present. In this review we will highlight the possible advantages and drawbacks of using this approach as a therapeutic strategy while focusing on the experimental models necessary for a better understanding of the phenomenon. Specifically, we will discuss in brief the cellular signaling pathways associated with the onset of a hypertrophic phenotype in chondrocytes during the progression of OA and will analyze in depth the advantages and disadvantages of various models that have been used to mimic it. Afterwards, we will present the strategies developed and proposed to impede chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix mineralization/calcification. Finally, we will examine the future perspectives of OA therapeutic strategies.
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Baddam P, Bayona-Rodriguez F, Campbell SM, El-Hakim H, Graf D. Properties of the Nasal Cartilage, from Development to Adulthood: A Scoping Review. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221087696. [PMID: 35345900 PMCID: PMC9137313 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221087696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nasal septum cartilage is a hyaline cartilage that provides structural support to the nasal cavity and midface. Currently, information on its cellular and mechanical properties is widely dispersed and has often been inferred from studies conducted on other cartilage types such as the knee. A detailed understanding of nasal cartilage properties is important for several biological, clinical, and engineering disciplines. The objectives of this scoping review are to (1) consolidate actual existing knowledge on nasal cartilage properties and (2) identify gaps of knowledge and research questions requiring future investigations. DESIGN This scoping review incorporated articles identified using PROSPERO, Cochrane Library (CDSR and Central), WOS BIOSIS, WOS Core Collection, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. Following the screening process, 86 articles were considered. Articles were categorized into three groups: growth, extracellular matrix, and mechanical properties. RESULTS Most articles investigated growth properties followed by extracellular matrix and mechanical properties. NSC cartilage is not uniform. Nasal cartilage growth varies with age and location. Similarly, extracellular matrix composition and mechanical properties are location-specific within the NSC. Moreover, most articles included in the review investigate these properties in isolation and only very few articles demonstrate the interrelationship between multiple cartilage properties. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review presents a first comprehensive description of research on NSC properties with a focus on NSC growth, extracellular matrix and mechanical properties. It additionally identifies the needs (1) to understand how these various cartilage properties intersect and (2) for more granular, standardized assessment protocols to describe NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranidhi Baddam
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Sandra M. Campbell
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hamdy El-Hakim
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zhang N, Cui M, Liu X, Yu L, Zhao X, Cao L, Ji Y. IL-17F promotes osteoblastic osteogenesis via the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1052. [PMID: 34434266 PMCID: PMC8353634 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is a field that focuses on the interactions between the skeletal and immune systems, and has become a focus of research over the years. The role of interleukin (IL)-17F, a proinflammatory cytokine, in bone regeneration and its signal transduction are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the function of IL-17F and the possible mechanisms underlying IL-17F in osteoblasts in vitro. Osteoblasts derived from newborn rats were treated with various concentrations of IL-17F. The pro-osteogenic effects of IL-17F were assessed at the cellular and molecular level. The results demonstrated that IL-17F promoted osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting indicated that IL-17F treatment upregulated osteogenesis-related factors, including bone morphogenetic protein-2, Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and Osterix, and downregulated Noggin compared with the control group. Subsequently, whether the IL-17F receptors, IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) A and IL-17RC, served a role in the effects of IL-17F on osteoblasts was investigated. The mRNA expression levels of IL-17RA and IL-17RC were upregulated in IL-17F-treated osteoblasts compared with control osteoblasts. Furthermore, U0126, a MAPK/ERK1/2 inhibitor, was utilized to investigate the mechanisms underlying IL-17F. The results indicated that compared with the control group, IL-17F increased the protein expression of phosphorylated-ERK1/2, Runx2 and Osterix, whereas U0126 reversed IL-17F-mediated effects. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that IL-17F promoted osteoblastic osteogenesis via the MAPK/ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathway. IL-17F promoted osteogenesis, including proliferation, differentiation and mineralization activity, indicating that IL-17F may serve as a potential therapeutic target for osteoblast-mediated bone loss disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Pain Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Yu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Luning Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Baddam P, Young D, Dunsmore G, Nie C, Eaton F, Elahi S, Jovel J, Adesida AB, Dufour A, Graf D. Nasal Septum Deviation as the Consequence of BMP-Controlled Changes to Cartilage Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696545. [PMID: 34249945 PMCID: PMC8265824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal septum cartilage is a specialized hyaline cartilage important for normal midfacial growth. Abnormal midfacial growth is associated with midfacial hypoplasia and nasal septum deviation (NSD). However, the underlying genetics and associated functional consequences of these two anomalies are poorly understood. We have previously shown that loss of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) from neural crest (BMP7 ncko ) leads to midfacial hypoplasia and subsequent septum deviation. In this study we elucidate the cellular and molecular abnormalities underlying NSD using comparative gene expression, quantitative proteomics, and immunofluorescence analysis. We show that reduced cartilage growth and septum deviation are associated with acquisition of elastic cartilage markers and share similarities with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The genetic reduction of BMP2 in BMP7 ncko mice was sufficient to rescue NSD and suppress elastic cartilage markers. To our knowledge this investigation provides the first genetic example of an in vivo cartilage fate switch showing that this is controlled by the relative balance of BMP2 and BMP7. Cellular and molecular changes similar between NSD and knee OA suggest a related etiology underlying these cartilage abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranidhi Baddam
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chunpeng Nie
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Li N, Liu J, Liu H, Wang S, Hu P, Zhou H, Xiao J, Liu C. Altered BMP-Smad4 signaling causes complete cleft palate by disturbing osteogenesis in palatal mesenchyme. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:45-61. [PMID: 33159638 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As the major receptor mediated BMP signaling in craniofacial development, Bmpr1a expression was detected in the anterior palatal shelves from E13.5 and the posterior palatal shelves from E14.5. However, inactivating BMP receptor in the mesenchyme only leads to anterior cleft palate or submucous cleft palate. The role of BMP signaling in posterior palatal mesenchyme and palatal osteogenesis is still unknown. In this study, a secreted BMP antagonist, Noggin was over-expressed by Osr2-creKI to suppress BMP signaling intensively in mouse palatal mesenchyme, which made the newborn mouse displaying complete cleft palate, a phenotype much severer than the anterior or submucous cleft palate. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that in the anterior and posterior palatal mesenchyme, the canonical BMP-Smad4 signaling was dramatically down-regulated, while the non-canonical BMP signaling pathways were altered little. Although cell proliferation was reduced only in the anterior palatal mesenchyme, the osteogenic condensation and Osterix distribution were remarkably repressed in the posterior palatal mesenchyme by Noggin over-expression. These findings suggested that BMP-Smad4 signaling was essential for the cell proliferation in the anterior palatal mesenchyme, and for the osteogenesis in the posterior palatal mesenchyme. Interestingly, the constitutive activation of Bmpr1a in palatal mesenchyme also caused the complete cleft palate, in which the enhanced BMP-Smad4 signaling resulted in the premature osteogenic differentiation in palatal mesenchyme. Moreover, neither the Noggin over-expression nor Bmpr1a activation disrupted the elevation of palatal shelves. Our study not only suggested that BMP signaling played the differential roles in the anterior and posterior palatal mesenchyme, but also indicated that BMP-Smad4 signaling was required to be finely tuned for the osteogenesis of palatal mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Medical Department of Dandong Stomatological Hospital, Dandong, 118002, China
| | - Han Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shangqi Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hailing Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Maridas DE, Feigenson M, Renthal NE, Chim SM, Gamer LW, Rosen V. Bone morphogenetic proteins. PRINCIPLES OF BONE BIOLOGY 2020:1189-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814841-9.00048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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9
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Mikkola LI, Holopainen S, Lappalainen AK, Pessa-Morikawa T, Augustine TJP, Arumilli M, Hytönen MK, Hakosalo O, Lohi H, Iivanainen A. Novel protective and risk loci in hip dysplasia in German Shepherds. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008197. [PMID: 31323019 PMCID: PMC6668854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia is a common, non-congenital, complex and hereditary disorder. It can inflict severe pain via secondary osteoarthritis and lead to euthanasia. An analogous disorder exists in humans. The genetic background of hip dysplasia in both species has remained ambiguous despite rigorous studies. We aimed to investigate the genetic causes of this disorder in one of the high-risk breeds, the German Shepherd. We performed genetic analyses with carefully phenotyped case-control cohorts comprising 525 German Shepherds. In our genome-wide association studies we identified four suggestive loci on chromosomes 1 and 9. Targeted resequencing of the two loci on chromosome 9 from 24 affected and 24 control German Shepherds revealed deletions of variable sizes in a putative enhancer element of the NOG gene. NOG encodes for noggin, a well-described bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor affecting multiple developmental processes, including joint development. The deletion was associated with the healthy controls and mildly dysplastic dogs suggesting a protective role against canine hip dysplasia. Two enhancer variants displayed a decreased activity in a dual luciferase reporter assay. Our study identifies novel loci and candidate genes for canine hip dysplasia, with potential regulatory variants in the NOG gene. Further research is warranted to elucidate how the identified variants affect the expression of noggin in canine hips, and what the potential effects of the other identified loci are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea I. Mikkola
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saila Holopainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu K. Lappalainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Osmo Hakosalo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Iivanainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases, affecting more than 10% of populations and thus creating immense socioeconomic burden. The pathological changes of OA involve the entire joint, which is composed of multiple types of tissues and cells, exemplified by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone thickening, osteophyte formation, synovium inflammation and hypertrophy, and ligament degeneration. As joint homeostasis requires a complex network of growth factors to regulate anabolic and catabolic events, the dysregulation of growth factor signalling would have negative impacts on structure and function of multiple joint tissues and eventually lead to the onset and progression of OA. In this review, we will discuss TGF-β, NGF, Hedgehog and Wnt, the four growth factors which have received extensive attention in the field of OA and clinical/translational interrogation about their application in OA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Di Chen
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
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11
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Castelucci BG, Consonni SR, Rosa VS, Sensiate LA, Delatti PCR, Alvares LE, Joazeiro PP. Time-dependent regulation of morphological changes and cartilage differentiation markers in the mouse pubic symphysis during pregnancy and postpartum recovery. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195304. [PMID: 29621303 PMCID: PMC5886480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models commonly serve as a bridge between in vitro experiments and clinical applications; however, few physiological processes in adult animals are sufficient to serve as proof-of-concept models for cartilage regeneration. Intriguingly, some rodents, such as young adult mice, undergo physiological connective tissue modifications to birth canal elements such as the pubic symphysis during pregnancy; therefore, we investigated whether the differential expression of cartilage differentiation markers is associated with cartilaginous tissue morphological modifications during these changes. Our results showed that osteochondral progenitor cells expressing Runx2, Sox9, Col2a1 and Dcx at the non-pregnant pubic symphysis proliferated and differentiated throughout pregnancy, giving rise to a complex osteoligamentous junction that attached the interpubic ligament to the pubic bones until labour occurred. After delivery, the recovery of pubic symphysis cartilaginous tissues was improved by the time-dependent expression of these chondrocytic lineage markers at the osteoligamentous junction. This process potentially recapitulates embryologic chondrocytic differentiation to successfully recover hyaline cartilaginous pads at 10 days postpartum. Therefore, we propose that this physiological phenomenon represents a proof-of-concept model for investigating the mechanisms involved in cartilage restoration in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BGC); (SRC); (PPJ)
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BGC); (SRC); (PPJ)
| | - Viviane Souza Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Aparecida Sensiate
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Rugno Delatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Elvira Alvares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pinto Joazeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail: (BGC); (SRC); (PPJ)
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