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Jung SH, Park H, Jung M, Chung K, Kim S, Moon HS, Park J, Lee JH, Choi CH, Kim SH. Implantation of hUCB-MSCs generates greater hyaline-type cartilage than microdrilling combined with high tibial osteotomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:829-842. [PMID: 38426617 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the outcomes of treating large cartilage defects in knee osteoarthritis using human allogeneic umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSC) implantation or arthroscopic microdrilling as a supplementary cartilage regenerative procedure combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO). METHODS This 1-year prospective comparative study included 25 patients with large, near full-thickness cartilage defects (International Cartilage Repair Society grade ≥ IIIB) in the medial femoral condyles and varus malalignment. Defects were treated with hUCB-MSC implantation or arthroscopic microdrilling combined with HTO. The primary outcomes were pain visual analogue scale and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective scores at 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included arthroscopic, histological and magnetic resonance imaging assessments at 1 year. RESULTS Fifteen and 10 patients were treated via hUCB-MSC implantation and microdrilling, respectively. Baseline demographics, limb alignment and clinical outcomes did not significantly differ between the groups. Cartilage defects and total restored areas were significantly larger in the hUCB-MSC group (7.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.1 cm2, p = 0.023; 4.5 ± 1.4 vs. 3.0 ± 1.6 cm2, p = 0.035). The proportion of moderate-to-strong positive type II collagen staining was significantly higher in the hUCB-MSC group compared to that in the microdrilled group (93.3% vs. 60%, respectively). Rigidity upon probing resembled that of normal cartilage tissue more in the hUCB-MSC group (86.7% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.075). Histological findings revealed a higher proportion of hyaline cartilage in the group with implanted hUCB-MSC (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION hUCB-MSC implantation showed comparable clinical outcomes to those of microdrilling as supplementary cartilage procedures combined with HTO in the short term, despite the significantly larger cartilage defect in the hUCB-MSC group. The repaired cartilage after hUCB-MSC implantation showed greater hyaline-type cartilage with rigidity than that after microdrilling. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Prospective Comparative Cohort Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Han Jung
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Chung
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Moon
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Hyuk Choi
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chiu C, Zheng K, Xue M, Du D. Comparative Analysis of Hyaline Cartilage Characteristics and Chondrocyte Potential for Articular Cartilage Repair. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:920-933. [PMID: 38190025 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the histological, biochemical, and mechanical characteristics of hyaline cartilage in different regions and evaluate the potential of chondrocytes extracted from each region as donor sources for articular cartilage repair. The cartilage tissues of the femoral head and knee joint, ribs, nasal septum, thyroid, and xiphoid process of adult Bama pigs were isolated for histological, biochemical, and mechanical evaluation and analysis. The corresponding chondrocytes were isolated and evaluated for proliferation and redifferentiation capacity, using biochemical and histological analysis and RT-PCR experiments. Compared with articular cartilage, non-articular hyaline cartilage matrix stained more intensely in Safranin-O staining. Glycosaminoglycan and total collagen content were similar among all groups, while the highest content was measured in nasal septal cartilage. Regarding biomechanics, non-articular cartilage is similar to articular cartilage, but the elastic modulus and hardness are significantly higher in the middle region of costal cartilage. The chondrocytes extracted from different regions had no significant difference in morphology. Hyaline cartilage-like pellets were formed in each group after redifferentiation. The RT-PCR results revealed similar expressions of cartilage-related genes across the groups, albeit with lower expression of Col2 in the xiphoid chondrocytes. Conversely, higher expression of Col10 was observed in the chondrocytes from the rib, thyroid, and xiphoid cartilage. This study provides valuable preclinical data for evaluating heterotopic hyaline cartilage and chondrocytes for articular cartilage regeneration. The findings contribute to the selection of chondrocyte origins and advance the clinical translation of technology for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Kaiwen Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Mengxin Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dajiang Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Fujisawa Y, Takao T, Yamada D, Takarada T. Development of cartilage tissue using a stirred bioreactor and human iPSC-derived limb bud mesenchymal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149146. [PMID: 37956599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Production of cartilaginous particles for regenerative medicine requires a large supply of chondrocytes and development of suitable production techniques. Previously, we successfully produced human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived limb bud mesenchymal cells (ExpLBM cells) with a high chondrogenic differentiation potential that stably proliferate. It may be possible to use these cells in combination with a stirred bioreactor to develop a tissue-engineered cell culture technology with potential for scale-up to facilitate production of large amounts of cartilaginous particles. ExpLBM cells derived from 414C2 and Ff-I 14s04 (human leukocyte antigen homozygous) hiPSCs were seeded into a stirred bioreactor containing cartilage induction medium. To characterize the cartilaginous particles produced, we performed real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and histological analyses. Additionally, we transplanted the cartilage tissue into osteochondral defects of immunocompromised rats to assess its functionality, and evaluated engraftment of the grafted tissue. We successfully produced large amounts of cartilaginous particles via cartilage induction culture in a stirred bioreactor. This tissue exhibited significantly increased expression levels of type II collagen (COL2), aggrecan (ACAN), and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), as well as positive Safranin O and Toluidine blue staining, indicating that it possesses characteristics of hyaline cartilage. Furthermore, engrafted tissues in osteochondral knee defects of immunodeficient rats were positively stained for human vimentin, COL2, and ACAN as well as with Safranin O. In this study, we successfully generated large amounts of hiPSC-derived cartilaginous particles using a combination of tissue engineering techniques. This method is promising as a cartilage regeneration technology with potential for scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujisawa
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Bačenková D, Trebuňová M, Demeterová J, Živčák J. Human Chondrocytes, Metabolism of Articular Cartilage, and Strategies for Application to Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17096. [PMID: 38069417 PMCID: PMC10707713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage, which is characterized by the absence of vascularization and innervation, has minimal self-repair potential in case of damage and defect formation in the chondral layer. Chondrocytes are specialized cells that ensure the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, namely type II collagen and aggregen. On their surface, they express integrins CD44, α1β1, α3β1, α5β1, α10β1, αVβ1, αVβ3, and αVβ5, which are also collagen-binding components of the extracellular matrix. This article aims to contribute to solving the problem of the possible repair of chondral defects through unique methods of tissue engineering, as well as the process of pathological events in articular cartilage. In vitro cell culture models used for hyaline cartilage repair could bring about advanced possibilities. Currently, there are several variants of the combination of natural and synthetic polymers and chondrocytes. In a three-dimensional environment, chondrocytes retain their production capacity. In the case of mesenchymal stromal cells, their favorable ability is to differentiate into a chondrogenic lineage in a three-dimensional culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
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Hollander JM, Goraltchouk A, Rawal M, Liu J, Luppino F, Zeng L, Seregin A. Adeno-Associated Virus-Delivered Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 Gene Therapy Promotes Cartilage Anabolism. Cartilage 2023; 14:492-505. [PMID: 36879540 PMCID: PMC10807742 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231158774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the characterization of chondrogenic properties of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2)-delivered hFGF18, via analysis of effects on primary human chondrocyte proliferation, gene expression, and in vivo cartilage thickness changes in the tibia and meniscus. DESIGN Chondrogenic properties of AAV2-FGF18 were compared with recombinant human FGF18 (rhFGF18) in vitro relative to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and AAV2-GFP negative controls. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-seq on primary human chondrocytes treated with rhFGF18 and AAV2-FGF18, relative to PBS. Durability of gene expression was assessed using AAV2-nLuc and in vivo imaging. Chondrogenesis was evaluated by measuring weight-normalized thickness in the tibial plateau and the white zone of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS AAV2-FGF18 elicits chondrogenesis by promoting proliferation and upregulation of hyaline cartilage-associated genes, including COL2A1 and HAS2, while downregulating fibrocartilage-associated COL1A1. This activity translates to statistically significant, dose-dependent increases in cartilage thickness in vivo within the area of the tibial plateau, following a single intra-articular injection of the AAV2-FGF18 or a regimen of 6 twice-weekly injections of rhFGF18 protein relative to AAV2-GFP. In addition, we observed AAV2-FGF18-induced and rhFGF18-induced increases in cartilage thickness of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. Finally, the single-injection AAV2-delivered hFGF18 offers a potential safety advantage over the multi-injection protein treatment as evidenced by reduced joint swelling over the study period. CONCLUSION AAV2-delivered hFGF18 represents a promising strategy for the restoration of hyaline cartilage by promoting extracellular matrix production, chondrocyte proliferation, and increasing articular and meniscal cartilage thickness in vivo after a single intra-articular injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M. Hollander
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Miraj Rawal
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingshu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Li Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Mahajan A, Nengroo MA, Datta D, Katti DS. Converse modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during expansion and differentiation phases of Infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSCs for improved engineering of hyaline cartilage. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122296. [PMID: 37696204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential candidates in cell-based therapy for cartilage repair and regeneration. However, during chondrogenic differentiation, MSCs undergo undesirable hypertrophic maturation. This poses a risk of ossification in the neo-tissue formed that eventually impedes the clinical use of MSCs for cartilage repair. TGF-β is a potent growth factor used for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, however, its role in hypertrophy remains ambiguous. In the present work, we decipher that TGF-β activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling through SMAD3 and increases the propensity of Infrapatellar fat pad derived MSCs (IFP-MSCs) towards hypertrophy. Notably, inhibiting TGF-β induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses hypertrophic progression and enhances chondrogenic ability of IFP-MSCs in plasma hydrogels. Additionally, we demonstrate that activating Wnt signaling during expansion phase, promotes proliferation and reduces senescence, while improving stemness of IFP-MSCs. Thus, conversely modulating Wnt signaling in vitro during expansion and differentiation phases generates hyaline-like cartilage with minimal hypertrophy. Importantly, pre-treatment of IFP-MSCs encapsulated in plasma hydrogel with Wnt modulators followed by subcutaneous implantation in nude mice resulted in formation of a cartilage tissue with negligible calcification. Overall, this study provides technological advancement on targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a 3D scaffold, while maintaining the standard chondro-induction protocol to overcome the challenges associated with the clinical use of MSCs to engineer hyaline cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India; The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mushtaq A Nengroo
- Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India; The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Dai W, Cheng J, Yan W, Cao C, Zhao F, Li Q, Hu X, Wang J, Ao Y. Enhanced osteochondral repair with hyaline cartilage formation using an extracellular matrix-inspired natural scaffold. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1904-1917. [PMID: 37558534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects pose a great challenge and a satisfactory strategy for their repair has yet to be identified. In particular, poor repair could result in the generation of fibrous cartilage and subchondral bone, causing the degeneration of osteochondral tissue and eventually leading to repair failure. Herein, taking inspiration from the chemical elements inherent in the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), we proposed a novel ECM-mimicking scaffold composed of natural polysaccharides and polypeptides for osteochondral repair. By meticulously modifying natural biopolymers to form reversible guest-host and rigid covalent networks, the scaffold not only exhibited outstanding biocompatibility, cell adaptability, and biodegradability, but also had excellent mechanical properties that can cater to the environment of osteochondral tissue. Additionally, benefiting from the drug-loading group, chondrogenic and osteogenic drugs could be precisely integrated into the specific zone of the scaffold, providing a tissue-specific microenvironment to facilitate bone and cartilage differentiation. In rabbit osteochondral defects, the ECM-inspired scaffold not only showed a strong capacity to promote hyaline cartilage formation with typical lacuna structure, sufficient mechanical strength, good elasticity, and cartilage-specific ECM deposition, but also accelerated the regeneration of quality subchondral bone with high bone mineralization density. Furthermore, the new cartilage and subchondral bone were heterogeneous, a trait that is typical of the natural landscape, reflecting the gradual progression from cartilage to subchondral bone. These results suggest the potential value of this bioinspired osteochondral scaffold for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jianquan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfracture has the most extensive clinical application because of its advantages of a single operation, unified process, and low operation cost. Because research on the repair mechanism of microfractures in the treatment of cartilage defects is not in-depth, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism. PURPOSE To identify the characteristic cell subsets at different repair stages after microfracture, systematically analyze the repair process of the defect area after microfracture, and investigate the mechanism of fibrocartilage repair. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Full-thickness articular cartilage defects and microfractures was established in the right knee of Bama miniature pigs. Single-cell transcriptional assays were used to identify the characteristics of cells isolated from healthy articular cartilage and regenerated tissues. RESULTS Microfractures induced mature fibrous repair in the full-thickness cartilage defect six months after surgery, while early stages of repair occurred within six weeks. Based on single-cell sequencing results, eight subsets and specific marker genes were identified. Two processes may occur after microfracture: normal hyaline cartilage regeneration and abnormal fibrocartilage repair. Regulatory chondrocytes, proliferative chondrocytes and cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) may play important roles in the normal regeneration process. During abnormal repair, CPCs and skeletal stem cells may have different functions, and macrophages and endothelial cells may play important regulatory roles in the formation of fibrochondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Using single-cell transcriptome sequencing, this study investigated the tissue regeneration process and identified key cell subsets after microfracture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results provide future targets for optimizing the repair effect of microfracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao He
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Yao
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhao Lin
- Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Korpershoek JV, Rikkers M, Vonk LA. Isolation of Chondrons from Hyaline Cartilage. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:21-27. [PMID: 36355282 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In native healthy hyaline cartilage, the chondrocytes are surrounded by a pericellular matrix that has a distinct composition and function compared to the hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix. The chondrocyte together with its pericellular matrix is called a chondron. The type VI collagen, which is the main component of the pericellular matrix, is resistant to enzymatic digestion by pure collagenase and dispase that do digest the extracellular matrix. Therefore, this combination of enzymes can be used to enzymatically isolate chondrons from hyaline cartilage. Chondrons have a high potential for cartilage tissue engineering. This chapter describes in detail how chondrons can be isolated from hyaline cartilage for further use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn V Korpershoek
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margot Rikkers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne A Vonk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- CO.DON AG, Teltow, Germany.
- Xintela AB, Lund, Sweden.
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McCreery KP, Luetkemeyer CM, Calve S, Neu CP. Hyperelastic characterization reveals proteoglycans drive the nanoscale strain-stiffening response in hyaline cartilage. J Biomech 2023; 146:111397. [PMID: 36469996 PMCID: PMC9922104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) result in deterioration of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components, significantly compromising tissue function. For measurement of mechanical properties at micron resolution, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a leading technique in biomaterials research, including in the study of OA. It is common practice to determine material properties by applying classical Hertzian contact theory to AFM data. However, errors are consequential because the application of a linear elastic contact model to tissue ignores the fact that soft materials exhibit nonlinear properties even at small strains, influencing the biological conclusions of clinically-relevant studies. Additionally, nonlinear material properties are not well characterized, limiting physiological relevance of Young's modulus. Here, we probe the ECM of hyaline cartilage with AFM and explore the application of Hertzian theory in comparison to five hyperelastic models: NeoHookean, Mooney-Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce, Fung, and Ogden. The Fung and Ogden models achieved the best fits of the data, but the Fung model demonstrated robust sensitivity during model validation, demonstrating its ideal application to cartilage ECM and potentially other connective tissues. To develop a biological understanding of the Fung nonlinear parameter, we selectively degraded ECM components to target collagens (purified collagenase), hyaluronan (bacterial hyaluronidase), and glycosaminoglycans (chondroitinase ABC). We found significant differences in both Fung parameters in response to enzymatic treatment, indicating that proteoglycans drive the nonlinear response of cartilage ECM, and validating biological relevance of these phenomenological parameters. Our findings add value to the biomechanics community of using two-parameter material models for microindentation of soft biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin P McCreery
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Callan M Luetkemeyer
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Sarah Calve
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Corey P Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Armstrong JPK. Tissue Engineering Cartilage with Deep Zone Cytoarchitecture by High-Resolution Acoustic Cell Patterning. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200481. [PMID: 35815530 PMCID: PMC7614068 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate objective of tissue engineering is to fabricate artificial living constructs with a structural organization and function that faithfully resembles their native tissue counterparts. For example, the deep zone of articular cartilage possesses a distinctive anisotropic architecture with chondrocytes organized in aligned arrays ≈1-2 cells wide, features that are oriented parallel to surrounding extracellular matrix fibers and orthogonal to the underlying subchondral bone. Although there are major advances in fabricating custom tissue architectures, it remains a significant technical challenge to precisely recreate such fine cellular features in vitro. Here, it is shown that ultrasound standing waves can be used to remotely organize living chondrocytes into high-resolution anisotropic arrays, distributed throughout the full volume of agarose hydrogels. It is demonstrated that this cytoarchitecture is maintained throughout a five-week course of in vitro tissue engineering, producing hyaline cartilage with cellular and extracellular matrix organization analogous to the deep zone of native articular cartilage. It is anticipated that this acoustic cell patterning method will provide unprecedented opportunities to interrogate in vitro the contribution of chondrocyte organization to the development of aligned extracellular matrix fibers, and ultimately, the design of new mechanically anisotropic tissue grafts for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. K. Armstrong
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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12
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Kurenkova AD, Romanova IA, Kibirskiy PD, Timashev P, Medvedeva EV. Strategies to Convert Cells into Hyaline Cartilage: Magic Spells for Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911169. [PMID: 36232468 PMCID: PMC9570095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged hyaline cartilage gradually decreases joint function and growing pain significantly reduces the quality of a patient’s life. The clinically approved procedure of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for treating knee cartilage lesions has several limits, including the absence of healthy articular cartilage tissues for cell isolation and difficulties related to the chondrocyte expansion in vitro. Today, various ACI modifications are being developed using autologous chondrocytes from alternative sources, such as the auricles, nose and ribs. Adult stem cells from different tissues are also of great interest due to their less traumatic material extraction and their innate abilities of active proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. According to the different adult stem cell types and their origin, various strategies have been proposed for stem cell expansion and initiation of their chondrogenic differentiation. The current review presents the diversity in developing applied techniques based on autologous adult stem cell differentiation to hyaline cartilage tissue and targeted to articular cartilage damage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D. Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Irina A. Romanova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Kibirskiy
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- Correspondence:
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Zhu Y, Sun Y, Rui B, Lin J, Shen J, Xiao H, Liu X, Chai Y, Xu J, Yang Y. A Photoannealed Granular Hydrogel Facilitating Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration via Improving Chondrogenic Phenotype. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:40674-40687. [PMID: 36052731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based chondrocyte implantation presents a promising tissue engineering strategy for cartilage repair. However, the widely used elastic hydrogels usually restrict cell volume expansion and induce the dedifferentiation of encapsulated chondrocytes. To address this limitation, a photoannealed granular hydrogel (GH) composed of hyaluronic acid, polyethylene glycol, and gelatin was formulated for cartilage regeneration in this study. The unannealed GH prepared by Diels-Alder cross-linked microgels could be mixed with chondrocytes and delivered to cartilage defects by injection, after which light was introduced to anneal the scaffold, leading to the formation of a stable and microporous chondrocyte deploying scaffold. The in vitro studies showed that GH could promote the volume expansion and morphology recovery of chondrocytes and significantly improve their chondrogenic phenotype compared to the nongranular hydrogel (nGH) with similar compositions. Further in vivo studies of subcutaneous culture and the rat full-thickness cartilage defect model proved that chondrocyte loaded GH could significantly stimulate hyaline cartilage matrix deposition and connection, therefore facilitating hyaline-like cartilage regeneration. Finally, the mechanistic study revealed that GH might improve chondrogenic phenotype via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase/glycolysis axis. This study proves the great feasibility of GHs as in situ chondrocyte deploying scaffolds for cartilage regeneration and brings new insights in designing hydrogel scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Biyu Rui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junqing Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuanzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Lehoczky G, Trofin RE, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Chawla S, Pelttari K, Mumme M, Haug M, Egloff C, Jakob M, Ehrbar M, Martin I, Barbero A. In Vitro and Ectopic In Vivo Studies toward the Utilization of Rapidly Isolated Human Nasal Chondrocytes for Single-Stage Arthroscopic Cartilage Regeneration Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136900. [PMID: 35805907 PMCID: PMC9267018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal chondrocytes (NCs) have a higher and more reproducible chondrogenic capacity than articular chondrocytes, and the engineered cartilage tissue they generate in vitro has been demonstrated to be safe in clinical applications. Here, we aimed at determining the feasibility for a single-stage application of NCs for cartilage regeneration under minimally invasive settings. In particular, we assessed whether NCs isolated using a short collagenase digestion protocol retain their potential to proliferate and chondro-differentiate within an injectable, swiftly cross-linked and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel enriched with human platelet lysate (hPL). NC-hPL-PEG gels were additionally tested for their capacity to generate cartilage tissue in vivo and to integrate into cartilage/bone compartments of human osteochondral plugs upon ectopic subcutaneous implantation into nude mice. NCs isolated with a rapid protocol and embedded in PEG gels with hPL at low cell density were capable of efficiently proliferating and of generating tissue rich in glycosaminoglycans and collagen II. NC-hPL-PEG gels developed into hyaline-like cartilage tissues upon ectopic in vivo implantation and integrated with surrounding native cartilage and bone tissues. The delivery of NCs in PEG gels containing hPL is a feasible strategy for cartilage repair and now requires further validation in orthotopic in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyözö Lehoczky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.L.); (M.M.); (C.E.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (R.E.T.); (S.C.); (K.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Raluca Elena Trofin
- Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (R.E.T.); (S.C.); (K.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Q.V.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Shikha Chawla
- Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (R.E.T.); (S.C.); (K.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (R.E.T.); (S.C.); (K.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marcus Mumme
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.L.); (M.M.); (C.E.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (R.E.T.); (S.C.); (K.P.); (A.B.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Children’s Hospital of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Haug
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Christian Egloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.L.); (M.M.); (C.E.)
| | | | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (Q.V.-M.); (M.E.)
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (R.E.T.); (S.C.); (K.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-2652384; Fax: +41-61-2653990
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (R.E.T.); (S.C.); (K.P.); (A.B.)
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15
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Ryu J, Brittberg M, Nam B, Chae J, Kim M, Colon Iban Y, Magneli M, Takahashi E, Khurana B, Bragdon CR. Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Human Cartilage Powder Combined with Micronized Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues for the Repair of Osteochondral Defects in Beagle Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052743. [PMID: 35269885 PMCID: PMC8910734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions are difficult to repair due to low vascular distribution and may progress into osteoarthritis. Despite numerous attempts in the past, there is no proven method to regenerate hyaline cartilage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability to use a 3D printed biomatrix to repair a critical size femoral chondral defect using a canine weight-bearing model. The biomatrix was comprised of human costal-derived cartilage powder, micronized adipose tissue, and fibrin glue. Bilateral femoral condyle defects were treated on 12 mature beagles staged 12 weeks apart. Four groups, one control and three experimental, were used. Animals were euthanized at 32 weeks to collect samples. Significant differences between control and experimental groups were found in both regeneration pattern and tissue composition. In results, we observed that the experimental group with the treatment with cartilage powder and adipose tissue alleviated the inflammatory response. Moreover, it was found that the MOCART score was higher, and cartilage repair was more organized than in the other groups, suggesting that a combination of cartilage powder and adipose tissue has the potential to repair cartilage with a similarity to normal cartilage. Microscopically, there was a well-defined cartilage-like structure in which the mid junction below the surface layer was surrounded by a matrix composed of collagen type I, II, and proteoglycans. MRI examination revealed significant reduction of the inflammation level and progression of a cartilage-like growth in the experimental group. This canine study suggests a promising new surgical treatment for cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ryu
- ROKIT Healthcare Inc., Seoul 08514, Korea; (J.R.); (B.N.); (J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Mats Brittberg
- Cartilage Research Unit, Joint Restoration Center, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbaka Hospital, 43440 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - Bomi Nam
- ROKIT Healthcare Inc., Seoul 08514, Korea; (J.R.); (B.N.); (J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Jinyeong Chae
- ROKIT Healthcare Inc., Seoul 08514, Korea; (J.R.); (B.N.); (J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Minju Kim
- ROKIT Healthcare Inc., Seoul 08514, Korea; (J.R.); (B.N.); (J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Yhan Colon Iban
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.C.I.); (M.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Martin Magneli
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.C.I.); (M.M.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, 18288 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eiji Takahashi
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.C.I.); (M.M.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Bharti Khurana
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Charles R. Bragdon
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.C.I.); (M.M.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of articular cartilage is paramount to joint health and function. Under constant mechanical stress, articular cartilage is prone to injury that often extends to the underlying subchondral bone. In this study, we incorporated arginine-aspartate-glycine (RGD) peptide into chondroitin sulfate-based cryogel for hyaline cartilage regeneration. Known to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, RGD peptide is a double-edged sword for cartilage regeneration. Depending on the peptide availability in the microenvironment, RGD may aid in redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes by mimicking physiological cell-matrix interaction or inhibit chondrogenic phenotype via excessive cell spreading. Here, we observed an increase in chondrogenic phenotype with RGD concentration. The group containing the highest RGD concentration (3 mM; RGD group) experienced a 24-fold increase inCOL2expression in the 1st week ofin vitroculture and formed native cartilage-resembling ectopic tissuein vivo. No sign of dedifferentiation (COL1) was observed in all groups. Within the concentration range tested (0-3 mM RGD), RGD promotes chondrocyte redifferentiation after monolayer expansion and thus, formation of hyaline cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Koh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-BIO Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-BIO Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Bielajew BJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Methodology to Quantify Collagen Subtypes and Crosslinks: Application in Minipig Cartilages. Cartilage 2021; 13:1742S-1754S. [PMID: 34823380 PMCID: PMC8804780 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study develops assays to quantify collagen subtypes and crosslinks with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and characterizes the cartilages in the Yucatan minipig. METHODS For collagen subtyping, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed on tissues digested in trypsin. For collagen crosslinks, LC-MS analysis was performed on hydrolysates. Samples were also examined histologically and with bottom-up proteomics. Ten cartilages (femoral condyle, femoral head, facet joint, floating rib, true rib, auricular cartilage, annulus fibrosus, 2 meniscus locations, and temporomandibular joint disc) were analyzed. RESULTS The collagen subtyping assay quantified collagen types I and II. The collagen crosslinks assay quantified mature and immature crosslinks. Collagen subtyping revealed that collagen type I predominates in fibrocartilages and collagen type II in hyaline cartilages, as expected. Elastic cartilage and fibrocartilages had more mature collagen crosslink profiles than hyaline cartilages. Bottom-up proteomics revealed a spectrum of ratios between collagen types I and II, and quantified 42 proteins, including 24 collagen alpha-chains and 12 minor collagen types. DISCUSSION The novel assays developed in this work are sensitive, inexpensive, and use a low operator time relative to other collagen analysis methods. Unlike the current collagen assays, these assays quantify collagen subtypes and crosslinks without an antibody-based approach or lengthy chromatography. They apply to any collagenous tissue, with broad applications in tissue characterization and tissue engineering. For example, a novel finding of this work was the presence of a large quantity of collagen type III in the white-white knee meniscus and a spectrum of hyaline and fibrous cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Bielajew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jerry C. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Dou Z, Muder D, Baroncelli M, Bendre A, Gkourogianni A, Ottosson L, Vedung T, Nilsson O. Rat perichondrium transplanted to articular cartilage defects forms articular-like, hyaline cartilage. Bone 2021; 151:116035. [PMID: 34111644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perichondrium autotransplants have been used to reconstruct articular surfaces destroyed by infection or trauma. However, the role of the transplanted perichondrium in the healing of resurfaced joints has not been investigated. DESIGN Perichondrial and periosteal tissues were harvested from rats hemizygous for a ubiquitously expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgene and transplanted into full-thickness articular cartilage defects at the trochlear groove of distal femur in wild-type littermates. As an additional control, cartilage defects were left without a transplant (no transplant control). Distal femurs were collected 3, 14, 56, 112 days after surgery. RESULTS Tracing of transplanted cells showed that both perichondrium and periosteum transplant-derived cells made up the large majority of the cells in the regenerated joint surfaces. Perichondrium transplants contained SOX9 positive cells and with time differentiated into a hyaline cartilage that expanded and filled out the defects with Col2a1-positive and Col1a1-negative chondrocytes and a matrix rich in proteoglycans. At later timepoints the cartilaginous perichondrium transplants were actively remodeled into bone at the transplant-bone interface and at post-surgery day 112 EGFP-positive perichondrium cells at the articular surface were positive for Prg4. Periosteum transplants initially lacked SOX9 expression and despite a transient increase in SOX9 expression and chondrogenic differentiation, remained Col1a1 positive, and were continuously thinning as periosteum-derived cells were incorporated into the subchondral compartment. CONCLUSIONS Perichondrium and periosteum transplanted to articular cartilage defects did not just stimulate regeneration but were themselves transformed into cartilaginous articular surfaces. Perichondrium transplants developed into an articular-like, hyaline cartilage, whereas periosteum transplants appeared to produce a less resilient fibro-cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Dou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Muder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Orthopedics, Falu Lasarett, Lasarettsvägen 10, 791 82, Falun, Sweden
| | - Marta Baroncelli
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ameya Bendre
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Gkourogianni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Ottosson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Vedung
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Elisabeth Hospital, Aleris Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University and University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
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Li X, Bian S, Zhao M, Han X, Liang J, Wang K, Jiang Q, Sun Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. Stimuli-responsive biphenyl-tripeptide supramolecular hydrogels as biomimetic extracellular matrix scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:128-137. [PMID: 34245894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogel composed of aromatic short peptide gelator was an attractive biomaterial owing to its simple and convenient synthetic route, nano-fibrillar microstructure resembling natural collagen fibers and intelligent response to external stimulus. Herein, stimuli-responsive biphenyl-tripeptide supramolecular hydrogels was prepared to simulate extracellular matrix scaffolds by temperature switch, ion induction and pH switch. The amino acid arrangement substantially affected gelation behavior, only BPAA-βAFF and BPAA-FFβA could form nanostructured supramolecular hydrogels with 8-10 nm nanotubes or nanofibers by potential intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions and π-π stacking. The minimum gelation concentration (MGC) and maximum storage modulus were 0.4 mM (0.023 wt%) and around 8.2 KPa. The two supramolecular hydrogels could support adhesion and proliferation of L929 cells. Moreover, the BPAA-βAFF hydrogel promoted proliferation and ECM secretion of chondrocytes in vitro, and facilitate the phenotype maintenance of hyaline cartilage. All the results demonstrated that BPAA-βAFF hydrogel hold great potential application prospects in cartilage tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Diphenylalanine was served as a core segment conjugating with 4-biphenylacetic acid (BPAA) to produce biphenyl-tripeptide compounds with transforming amino sequence, and multiple external stimuli was applied to study the gelation properties of the aromatic short peptide gelators. "FF" brick (phenylalanine-phenylalanine) was crucial for formation of fibrous supramolecular hydrogels. Meanwhile, the sequence of amino acids arrangement also had an essential effect on the gelation behavior. Optimal BPAA-βAFF with ultra-low minimum gelation concentration (0.4 mM, about 0.023 wt%) and similar microstructure to extracellular matrix (ECM) of nature cartilage tissue could promote the proliferation and ECM secretion of chondrocytes in vitro, and facilitate the formation of hyaline cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Shaoquan Bian
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Mingda Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China.
| | - Qing Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China.
| | - Yong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China.
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
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Crispim JF, Ito K. De novo neo-hyaline-cartilage from bovine organoids in viscoelastic hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:236-249. [PMID: 33894352 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative therapies for articular cartilage are currently clinically available. However, they are associated with several drawbacks that require resolution. Optimizing chondrocyte expansion and their assembly, can reduce the time and costs of these therapies and more importantly increase their clinical success. In this study, cartilage organoids were quickly mass produced from bovine chondrocytes with a new suspension expansion protocol. This new approach led to massive cell proliferation, high viability and the self-assembly of organoids. These organoids were composed of collagen type II, type VI, glycosaminoglycans, with Sox9 positive cells, embedded in a pericellular and interterritorial matrix similarly to hyaline cartilage. With the goal of producing large scale tissues, we then encapsulated these organoids into alginate hydrogels with different viscoelastic properties. Elastic hydrogels constrained the growth and fusion of the organoids inhibiting the formation of a tissue. In contrast, viscoelastic hydrogels allowed the growth and fusion of the organoids into a homogenous tissue that was rich in collagen type II and glycosaminoglycans. The encapsulation of organoids to produce in vitro neocartilage also proved to be superior to the conventional method of encapsulating 2D expanded chondrocytes. This study describes a multimodal approach that involves chondrocyte expansion, organoid formation and their assembly into neohyaline-cartilage which proved to be superior to the current standard approaches used in cartilage tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this manuscript, we describe a new and simple methodology to quickly mass produce self-assembling cartilage organoids. Due to their matrix content and structure similarities with native cartilage, these organoids on their own have the potential to revolutionize cartilage research and the manner in which we study signaling pathways, disease progression, tissue engineering, drug development, etc. Furthermore, these organoids and their fast mass production were combined with a key relatively ignored hydrogel characteristic, viscoelasticity, to demonstrate their fusion into a neo-tissue. This has the potential to open the door for large scale cartilage regeneration such as for entire joint surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Crispim
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Regenerative Engineering & Materials cluster, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics group, Regenerative Engineering & Materials cluster, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.
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Xu L, Urita A, Onodera T, Hishimura R, Nonoyama T, Hamasaki M, Liang D, Homan K, Gong JP, Iwasaki N. Ultrapurified Alginate Gel Containing Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Enhances Cartilage and Bone Regeneration on Osteochondral Defects in a Rabbit Model. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2199-2210. [PMID: 34061689 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211014186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrapurified alginate (UPAL) gel implantation has been demonstrated as effective in cartilage repair for osteochondral defects; however, cell transplantation within UPAL gels would be required to treat larger defects. HYPOTHESIS The combination of UPAL gel and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) would enhance cartilage repair and subchondral bone repair for large osteochondral defects. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 104 osteochondral defects (1 defect per knee) of 52 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups (26 defects per group): defects without any treatment (Defect group), defects treated using UPAL gel alone (UPAL group), defects treated using UPAL gel containing allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (UPAL-MSC group), and defects treated using UPAL gel containing BMAC (UPAL-BMAC group). At 4 and 16 weeks postoperatively, macroscopic and histologic evaluations and measurements of repaired subchondral bone volumes of reparative tissues were performed. Collagen orientation and mechanical properties of the reparative tissue were assessed at 16 weeks. RESULTS The defects in the UPAL-BMAC group were repaired with hyaline-like cartilage with well-organized collagen structures. The histologic scores at 4 weeks were significantly higher in the UPAL-BMAC group (16.9 ± 2.0) than in the Defect group (4.7 ± 1.9; P < .05), the UPAL group (10.0 ± 3.3; P < .05), and the UPAL-MSC group (12.2 ± 2.9; P < .05). At 16 weeks, the score in the UPAL-BMAC group (24.4 ± 1.7) was significantly higher than those in the Defect group (9.0 ± 3.7; P < .05), the UPAL group (14.2 ± 3.9; P < .05), and the UPAL-MSC group (16.3 ± 3.6; P < .05). At 4 and 16 weeks, the macroscopic evaluations were significantly superior in the UPAL-BMAC group compared with the other groups, and the values of repaired subchondral bone volumes in the UPAL-BMAC group were significantly higher than those in the Defect and UPAL groups. The mechanical properties of the reparative tissues were significantly better in the UPAL-BMAC group than in the other groups. CONCLUSION The implantation of UPAL gel containing BMAC-enhanced hyaline-like cartilage repair and subchondral bone repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit knee model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data support the potential clinical application of 1-step treatment for large osteochondral defects using biomaterial implantation with cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Urita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanari Hamasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dawei Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Homan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
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Šećerović A, Pušić M, Kostešić P, Vučković M, Vukojević R, Škokić S, Sasi B, Vukasović Barišić A, Hudetz D, Vnuk D, Matičić D, Urlić I, Mumme M, Martin I, Ivković A. Nasal Chondrocyte-Based Engineered Grafts for the Repair of Articular Cartilage "Kissing" Lesions: A Pilot Large-Animal Study. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2187-2198. [PMID: 34048271 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211014190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar or "kissing" cartilage lesions formed on 2 opposite articular surfaces of the knee joint are commonly listed as exclusion criteria for advanced cartilage therapies. PURPOSE To test, in a pilot large-animal study, whether autologous nasal chondrocyte (NC)-based tissue engineering, recently introduced for the treatment of focal cartilage injuries, could provide a solution for challenging kissing lesions. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Osteochondral kissing lesions were freshly introduced into the knee joints of 26 sheep and covered with NC-based grafts with a low or high hyaline-like extracellular matrix; a control group was treated with a cell-free scaffold collagen membrane (SCA). The cartilage repair site was assessed at 6 weeks and 6 months after implantation by histology, immunohistochemistry, and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. RESULTS NC-based grafts, independently of their composition, induced partial hyaline cartilage repair with stable integrity in surrounding healthy tissue at 6 months after treatment. The SCA repaired cartilage to a similar degree to that of NC-based grafts. CONCLUSION Kissing lesion repair, as evidenced in this sheep study, demonstrated the feasibility of the treatment of complex cartilage injuries with advanced biological methods. However, the potential advantages of an NC-based approach over a cell-free approach warrant further investigations in a more relevant preclinical model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE NC-based grafts currently undergoing phase II clinical trials have a high potential to replace existing cartilage therapies that show significant limitations in the quality and reproducibility of the repair method. We have brought this innovative concept to the next level by addressing a new clinical indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Šećerović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Pušić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Kostešić
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Vučković
- Clinic for Surgery, Ophthalmology and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rudolf Vukojević
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Škokić
- Laboratory for Regenerative Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Sasi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Vukasović Barišić
- General Hospital Bjelovar, Bjelovar, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Hudetz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Vnuk
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Matičić
- Clinic for Surgery, Ophthalmology and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inga Urlić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcus Mumme
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Ivković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Investigation performed at the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Plečko M, Bohaček I, Duvančić T, Delimar D. The neoacetabulum in developmental dysplasia of the hip is covered with hyaline cartilage. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109820. [PMID: 32442678 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lack of adequate mechanical stimulation and appropriate contact between acetabulum and femoral head results with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In DDH, hip joint forms normally during the organogenesis, but deforms during the fetal development. Acetabulum remains comparable in width with normal acetabulum, but has increased length and decreased depth, resulting in a poor coverage of the femoral head. In cases of severe hip subluxation and luxation due to DDH, the femoral head articulates with the external side of the iliac bone, forming a neoacetabulum in the position that was genetically predetermined to become bony tissue. A neoacetabulum is therefore formed under intermittent mechanical pressure, but never has the depth of a physiological acetabulum due to different forces at this new location. Over time, the depth of the neoacetabulum increases, and a crest is formed that obstructs reposition of the femoral head into the anatomic acetabulum. We hypothesize that the neoacetabulum on the iliac bone in DDH patients is formed of hyaline cartilage, despite the lack of genetic predisposition for hyaline cartilage formation in this area. We assume that as the femoral head migrates during development in such patients, joint capsular tissue interposes between the external side of the iliac bone and the femoral head, and a cartilaginous metaplasia of the capsule follows. This results in elongation of the acetabular cartilage in the same direction as the femoral head migrated. This assumption is based on the finding that in patients with hip luxation such interposed joint capsule showed signs of cartilaginous transformation. Furthermore, in the inner part of such joint capsules, proteoglycan production was notably higher than that of other non-cartilaginous tissue. Also, high expression of cartilaginous genes, which are usually not expressed in this tissue, was observed. Confirmation of this hypothesis would put a new perspective on the pathogenesis of DDH and could lead to better management or even prevention of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihovil Plečko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bohaček
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Duvančić
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Delimar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Armiento AR, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Articular fibrocartilage - Why does hyaline cartilage fail to repair? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:289-305. [PMID: 30605736 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Once damaged, articular cartilage has a limited potential to repair. Clinically, a repair tissue is formed, yet, it is often mechanically inferior fibrocartilage. The use of monolayer expanded versus naïve cells may explain one of the biggest discrepancies in mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) based cartilage regeneration. Namely, studies utilizing monolayer expanded MSCs, as indicated by numerous in vitro studies, report as a main limitation the induction of type X collagen and hypertrophy, a phenotype associated with endochondral bone formation. However, marrow stimulation and transfer studies report a mechanically inferior collagen I/II fibrocartilage as the main outcome. Therefore, this review will highlight the collagen species produced during the different therapeutic approaches. New developments in scaffold design and delivery of therapeutic molecules will be described. Potential future directions towards clinical translation will be discussed. New delivery mechanisms are being developed and they offer new hope in targeted therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland.
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Kawaguchi K, Harimaya K, Matsumoto Y, Hayashida M, Okada S, Iida K, Kato G, Tsuchiya K, Doi T, Oda Y, Iwamoto Y, Nakashima Y. Effect of cartilaginous endplates on extruded disc resorption in lumbar disc herniation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195946. [PMID: 29664923 PMCID: PMC5903620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with endplate degeneration and the association between cartilaginous fragments and inflammatory response to the herniated disc. Summary of background data LDH often involves hyaline cartilage fragments pulled from the vertebral endplates. Modic changes are closely associated with LDH that contains hyaline cartilage, and cartilaginous endplates seem to affect resorption of the herniated disc. Methods A total of 78 patients who underwent microscopic discectomy between 9 and 16 weeks after an occurrence of LDH were reviewed. Modic changes, disc degeneration, high-intensity zone, and vertebral corner defect were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histopathological observations of cartilaginous endplates and inflamed granulation tissue in the herniated disc were made. In cases with inflamed granulation tissue, neovascularization and macrophage infiltration were also evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis. Results Modic changes were observed in approximately one-third of the patients (26 cases: type 1, 7; type 2, 17; and type 3, 2). Cartilaginous endplates were observed in 32 cases (41%) and in the majority of cases with Modic changes compared with cases without Modic changes (65%, p = 0.001). Although inflamed granulation tissue was observed in 60 cases (77%), no significant differences were detected in patient age and the composition of the herniated material. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that fewer CD34-positive capillaries and CD68-positive cells were found in cases with cartilaginous fragments compared with those without cartilaginous fragments (p < 0.001). In addition, a higher immunoreactivity to CD34 and CD68 was found in herniated discs <25% of whose area was occupied by cartilaginous endplates compared with discs whose area was occupied at 25% or more (p < 0.001). Conclusion There is an association between LDH with endplate degeneration and cartilaginous herniation, with Modic type 2 predominating. Furthermore, neovascularization and macrophage infiltration, especially if the amount of cartilage is high, are likely to be less frequent in cartilaginous herniation, leading to failure in the spontaneous remission of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsumi Harimaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Hayashida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Iida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Go Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saga-Ken Medical Center, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Doi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Buda R, Vannini F, Castagnini F, Cavallo M, Ruffilli A, Ramponi L, Pagliazzi G, Giannini S. Regenerative treatment in osteochondral lesions of the talus: autologous chondrocyte implantation versus one-step bone marrow derived cells transplantation. Int Orthop 2015; 39:893-900. [PMID: 25662594 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-2685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) usually require surgical treatment. Regenerative techniques for hyaline cartilage restoration, like autologous chondrocytes implantation (ACI) or bone marrow derived cells transplantation (BMDCT), should be preferred. The aim of this work is comparing two clusters with OLT, treated with ACI or BMDCT. METHODS Eighty patients were treated with regenerative techniques, 40 with ACI and 40 with BMDCT. The two groups were homogenous regarding age, lesion size and depth, previous surgeries, etiology of the lesion, subchondral bone graft, final follow-up and pre-operative AOFAS score. The two procedures were performed arthroscopically. The scaffold was a hyaluronic acid membrane in all the cases, loaded with previously cultured chondrocytes (ACI) or with bone marrow concentrated cells, harvested in the same surgical session (BMDCT). All the patients were clinically and radiologically evaluated, using MRI Mocart score and T2 mapping sequence. RESULTS Clinical results were similar in both groups at 48 months. No statistically significant influence was reported after evaluation of all the pre-operative parameters. The rate of return to sport activity showed slightly better results for BMDCT than ACI. MRI Mocart score was similar in both groups. MRI T2 mapping evaluation highlighted a higher presence of hyaline like values in the BMDCT group, and lower incidence of fibrocartilage as well. CONCLUSIONS To date, ACI and BMDCT showed to be effective regenerative techniques for the treatment of OLT. BMDCT could be preferred over ACI for the single step procedure, patients' discomfort and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buda
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, I Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pati F, Jang J, Ha DH, Won Kim S, Rhie JW, Shim JH, Kim DH, Cho DW. Printing three-dimensional tissue analogues with decellularized extracellular matrix bioink. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3935. [PMID: 24887553 PMCID: PMC4059935 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1094] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to print and pattern all the components that make up a tissue (cells and matrix materials) in three dimensions to generate structures similar to tissues is an exciting prospect of bioprinting. However, the majority of the matrix materials used so far for bioprinting cannot represent the complexity of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus are unable to reconstitute the intrinsic cellular morphologies and functions. Here, we develop a method for the bioprinting of cell-laden constructs with novel decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) bioink capable of providing an optimized microenvironment conducive to the growth of three-dimensional structured tissue. We show the versatility and flexibility of the developed bioprinting process using tissue-specific dECM bioinks, including adipose, cartilage and heart tissues, capable of providing crucial cues for cells engraftment, survival and long-term function. We achieve high cell viability and functionality of the printed dECM structures using our bioprinting method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Pati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, South Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jinah Jang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, South Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Waltham 98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dong-Heon Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-710, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jong-Won Rhie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Shim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 2121 Jeongwang-dong, Siheungsi, Gyeonggi-do 429-793, South Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Waltham 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Waltham 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, South Korea
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a crippling joint disease affecting over 20 million people worldwide. The cause of RA is most probably linked to the triad of microbial trigger, genetic association and autoimmunity and can be explained using the philosophical method of Karl Popper or Popperian sequences. Ten "Popper sequences" have been identified which point to the urinary microbe Proteus mirabilis as the cause of RA: Popper sequence 1 establishes that HLA-DR4 lymphocytes injected into a rabbit evoke specific antibodies against Proteus bacteria. Popper sequence 2 establishes that antibodies to Proteus bacteria are present in RA patients from 14 different countries. Popper sequence 3 establishes that antibodies to Proteus bacteria in RA patients are disease specific since no such antibodies are found in other conditions. Popper sequence 4 establishes that when RA patients have high titres of antibodies to Proteus such bacteria are found in urinary cultures. Popper sequence 5 establishes that only Proteus bacteria and no other microbes evoke significantly elevated antibodies in RA patients. Popper sequence 6 establishes that the "shared epitope" EQR(K)RAA shows "molecular mimicry" with the sequence ESRRAL found in Proteus haemolysin. Popper sequence 7 establishes that Proteus urease contains a sequence IRRET which has "molecular mimicry" with LRREI found in collagen XI of hyaline cartilage. Popper sequence 8 establishes that sera obtained from RA patients have cytopathic properties against sheep red cells coated with the cross-reacting EQR(K)RAA and LRREI self-antigen peptides. Popper sequence 9 establishes that Proteus sequences in haemolysin and urease as well as the self antigens, HLA-DR1/4 and collagen XI, each contain an arginine doublet, thereby providing a substrate for peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) to give rise to citrulline, which is the main antigenic component of CCP, antibodies to which are found in early cases of RA. Popper sequence 10 establishes that antibodies to Proteus come not only from sequences crossreacting to self antigens but also from non-crossreacting sequences, thereby indicating that active RA patients have been exposed to infection by Proteus. The ten Popper sequences establish that RA is most probably caused by Proteus upper urinary tract infections, which can possibly be treated with anti-Proteus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ebringer
- King's College, Analytical Sciences Group, London SE1 9NN, UK.
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Gabay O, Gosset M, Levy A, Salvat C, Sanchez C, Pigenet A, Sautet A, Jacques C, Berenbaum F. Stress-induced signaling pathways in hyalin chondrocytes: inhibition by Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:373-84. [PMID: 17707661 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU) represent one of the most commonly used drugs for symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanisms of its activities are still poorly understood. We investigate here the effects of ASU on signaling pathways in mouse or human chondrocytes. METHODS Mouse or human chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL1beta, 10 ng/ml) and cartilage submitted to a compressive mechanical stress (MS) were studied in the presence or absence of ASU (10 microg/ml). Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was assessed by immunoblot, using an I-kappa B alpha antibody, nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB using p65 antibody, and extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation using phospho and ERK1/2 antibodies. The binding of the p50/p65 complex on DNA was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS ASU decrease matrix metalloproteinases-3 and -13 expressions and Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release in our model. The degradation of I-kappa B alpha is prevented in the presence of ASU as shown by the persistent expression of I-kappa B alpha protein in the cytosol when chondrocytes are stimulated by IL1beta or MS. Nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB complex is shown by the decrease of the p65 protein from the cytosol, whereas p65 appears in the nucleus under IL1beta stimulation. This translocation is abolished in the presence of ASU. Moreover, bandshift experiments show an inhibition of the IL1beta-induced binding of p50/p65 complexes to NF-kappaB responsive elements in response to ASU. Finally, among the different mitogen-activated protein kinases known to be induced by IL1beta, ERK1/2 was the sole kinase inhibited by ASU. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that ASU express a unique range of activities, which could counteract deleterious processes involved in OA, such as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gabay
- UMR 7079 University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris VI/CNRS, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, 7 Quai St Bernard, Paris, 75252 Cedex 5, France
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Abstract
Chondral or osteochondral lesions are typical injuries in orthopaedics and traumatology. Since there is no regeneration of damaged articular cartilage, these lesions can lead to premature osteoarthritis. Therefore, an adequate therapy for these injuries is an important goal. Nowadays, common methods in cartilage therapy are procedures for the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells: autologous osteochondral transplantation and autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Currently, autologous osteochondral transplantation is the only procedure that allows the replacement of the defect with hyaline cartilage. However, this procedure has the problem of donor-site morbidity and limited availability of transplants. Stem cell recruiting procedures and autologous chondrocyte transplantation normally achieve a regeneration of the defect with only fibrocartilage tissue, but both can achieve good medium-term clinical results. Each of these therapeutic principles has certain major indications. In order to select an adequate therapy, the classification of chondral or osteochondral lesion is needed. From a multiplicity of classification systems, those of the ICRS are of particular clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Braun
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau, Prof.-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau am Staffelsee.
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Kuroki H, Nakagawa Y, Mori K, Kobayashi M, Okamoto Y, Yasura K, Nishitani K, Nakamura T. Sequential changes in implanted cartilage after autologous osteochondral transplantation: postoperative acoustic properties up to 1 year in an in vivo rabbit model. Arthroscopy 2007; 23:647-54. [PMID: 17560480 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For successful autologous osteochondral transplantation, it is important that the cartilage in an implanted plug provide histologic replacement of damaged cartilage with cartilage that is structurally and mechanically normal. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the press-fit technique reconstructs the normal hyaline cartilage and provides acoustic stiffness equal to that of normal intact cartilage. METHODS In 36 rabbits an osteochondral plug, 6 mm in diameter, was removed from the right patellar groove and grafted into a recipient hole, 5 mm in diameter, in the left patellar groove. Specimens at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 52 weeks postoperatively were assessed by macroscopic and histologic observation and by use of an ultrasonic system. The ultrasonic acoustic stiffness, acoustic surface irregularity, and acoustic thickness of the implanted cartilage were examined and compared with normal intact cartilage. RESULTS The gross appearance of the implanted cartilage was glossy, maintained good surface smoothness, and survived well throughout the observation period. The cartilage recovered histologic features of hyaline cartilage. The acoustic stiffness decreased up to 12 weeks and then increased at 24 and 52 weeks after surgery. The acoustic stiffness at 8 or 12 weeks was significantly lower (acoustically softer) than that of control cartilage (P < .001). The acoustic stiffness at 52 weeks was equal to that of the control. The difference in acoustic surface irregularity was not significant. The acoustic thickness at 8 weeks was higher (acoustically thicker) than that of the control (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Although the reason acoustically soft cartilage in plugs becomes acoustically stiff and whether the histology of the implanted cartilage had recovered completely remain unclear, the acoustic stiffness recovered to normal control values by 52 weeks postoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Postoperative care for up to 12 weeks should be taken after autologous osteochondral transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mataix J, Botella R, Bañuls J, Guijarro J, Pastor N, Betlloch I. Asymptomatic nodule of the tongue. Cartilaginous choristoma of the tongue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 143:653-8. [PMID: 17515520 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.143.5.653-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lingual osseous and chondromatous growths are rare but well-defined entities. The cause of these growths is still unknown, but several theories have been proposed. CASE PRESENTATION A mass measuring one cm in diameter on the dorsum of the tongue in a 28-year-old male causing discomfort was found to consist predominantly of hyaline cartilage with prominent bone transformation. CONCLUSION This finding confirms that bony masses in the tongue may originate from cartilaginous precursors, in contrast to similar masses seen on the face which are (often) purely osseous.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erol Demirseren
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.
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Tropet Y, Lepage D, Gallinet D, Obert L, Garbuio P, Vichard P. [Articular reconstructions by a costochondral grafting (or osteochondral costal grafting)]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2006; 190:1439-56; discussion 1456-7, 1475-7. [PMID: 17450679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel technique of costochondral autografting for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal arthritis, radioscaphoid osteoarthritis, malunion of the distal end of the radius, and osteoarticular loss of the MP joints of long fingers. The costal graft harvest technique is always the same. A 5-cm horizontal incision is made over the 9th rib, and the rib is exposed at the osteocartilaginous junction. Cartilaginous grafts are harvested with a scalpel, and osteocartilaginous grafts with a saw. Since 1992, 116 patients with trapezio-metacarpal arthritis have been treated by partial trapeziectomy and autologous rib cartilage grafting. One hundred patients were reviewed with an average follow-up of 5.6 years. The results were better than those of trapeziectomy with tendon interposition or ligamentous reconstruction, owing to good stability of the thumb ray height. For the treatment of radioscaphoid osteoarthritis following scaphoid non union or chronic scapholunate instability, partial carpal arthrodesis and resection of the first row are the classical techniques. As an alternative to these procedures, 18 patients were treated by resection of the proximal portion of the scaphoid and insertion of an osteochondral costal autograft. Mean follow-up is 4.1 years. The results are excellent or good in 15 cases, fair in 2 cases, and poor in 1 case (luxation of the graft). Four patients with articular malunion of the distal radius received an osteocartilaginous costal graft to reconstruct the articular surface of the radius while avoiding partial or total arthrodesis of the wrist. Four patients with segmental osteoarticular loss of the longfingers were treated with the same technique, thereby avoiding silicone arthroplasty. We review the literature on cartilaginous rib grafts in maxillofajcial and orthopaedic surgery. In our experience, MRI and biopsy show viable cartilage but also histologic changes such as revascularization, fibrous transformation and bone metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Tropet
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, CHU, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon
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Sreedharan S, Kamath MP, Hegde MC, Sundar S, Lobo FD, Raju PK. Chondroma of the nasal bone: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J 2006; 85:44-6. [PMID: 16509243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilaginous tumors are common in the long bones of the body and relatively rare in the head and neck. When they do occur in the head and neck, the most common site is the midface. Since the first case report by Morgan in 1842, approximately 150 cases of head and neck chondroma have been recorded in the English-language literature. In this article, the authors describe a new case in which a chondroma of the nasal bone caused an external nasal deformity in a 17-year-old boy. The lesion was excised via an external rhinoplasty approach. The authors believe that this is the first reported case of a chondroma arising from the nasal bone. The authors have made an attempt to comprehensively review the literature on this rare and controversial tumor and place special emphasis on its uncertain biologic nature. A detailed discussion of the diagnosis and management of this tumor is also included in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Sreedharan
- Dept. of ENT, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar, Mangalore, Karnataka, PIN 575001, India.
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DULCE HJ. [On the biochemistry of calcification. 2. Enzyme activities in hyaline cartilage, in calcifying cartilage and bone]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 319:272-8. [PMID: 13724910 DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1960.319.1.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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GREILING H, HERBERTZ T, STUHLSATZ HW. [CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE DISTRIBUTION IN HYALINE CARTILAGE]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 336:149-62. [PMID: 14236170 DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1964.336.1.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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REEVES B. THE PSEUDO-GOUT SYNDROME: CALCIUM PYRO-PHOSPHATE DEPOSITION IN THE SUPERFICIAL LAYERS OF HYALINE CARTILAGE. Br J Clin Pract 1965; 19:157-8. [PMID: 14286131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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RICHTER A. [THE EFFECT OF CARTILAGE AND BONE MARROW EXTRACTS ON THE INCORPORATION OF SULFATES IN THE HYALINE CARTILAGE]. Z Rheumaforsch 1964; 23:405-12. [PMID: 14308676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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RUSAKOV VI. [TREATMENT OF IMPOTENCE BY TRANSPLANTATION OF COSTAL CARTILAGE INTO THE PENIS]. Urol Mosc 1964; 29:54-6. [PMID: 14225728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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ONKELINX C. [INFLUENCE OF AGE AND X-RAYS ON THE CALCIUM LEVELS OF COSTAL CARTILAGE IN RATS]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1964; 158:912-4. [PMID: 14186983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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KISS FA. OSTEOGENESIS IN COSTAL CARTILAGE INDUCED BY LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENAL EXTRACT. Acta Morphol Acad Sci Hung 1964; 13:25-34. [PMID: 14236530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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ECKE H. [OBSERVATIONS ON THE REGENERATIVE CAPACITY OF HYALINE CARTILAGE CELLS]. Bruns Beitr Klin Chir 1963; 207:282-8. [PMID: 14102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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KLUZAK R, TITLBACH M, ZASTAVA V. [AUTORESORPTION OF THE GRAFT?(APROPOS OF HETEROGRAFTS OF HYALINE CARTILAGE)]. Ann Chir Plast 1963; 8:169-78. [PMID: 14091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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SCHOTT J. [MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS ON THE INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF BOUND LIPIDS IN THE GROUND SUBSTANCE OF HYALINE CARTILAGE]. Verh Anat Ges 1963; 57:389. [PMID: 14049259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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SCHOTT HJ. [INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BOUND LIPIDS IN THE GROUND SUBSTANCE OF HYALINE CARTILAGE]. Verh Anat Ges 1963; 57:363-71. [PMID: 14049254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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