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Gottschalk N, Bogdahn M, Quodbach J. 3D printing of amorphous solid dispersions: A comparison of fused deposition modeling and drop-on-powder printing. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100179. [PMID: 37025187 PMCID: PMC10070627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a high number of pipeline drugs are poorly soluble and require solubility enhancement by e.g., manufacturing of amorphous solid dispersion. Pharmaceutical 3D printing has great potential in producing amorphous solid oral dosage forms. However, 3D printing techniques differ greatly in terms of processing as well as tablet properties. In this study, an amorphous formulation, which had been printed via Fused Deposition Modeling and drop-on-powder printing, also known as binder jetting, was characterized in terms of solid-state properties and physical stability. Solid state assessment was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and polarized microscopy. The supersaturation performance of the amorphous solid dispersion was assessed via non-sink dissolution. We further evaluated both 3D printing techniques regarding their processability as well as tablet uniformity in terms of dimension, mass and content. Challenges and limitations of each 3D printing technique were discussed. Both techniques are feasible for the production of amorphous formulations. Results indicated that Fused Deposition Modeling is better suited for production, as the recrystallization tendency was lower. Still, filament production and printing presented a major challenge. Drop-on-powder printing can be a viable alternative for the production of amorphous tablets, when a formulation is not printable by Fused Deposition Modeling.
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Supersaturation and phase behavior during dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122524. [PMID: 36549404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a promising strategy to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Due to higher free energy of ASD, supersaturated drug solution could be generated during dissolution. When amorphous solubility of a drug is exceeded, drug-rich nanodroplets could form and act as a reservoir to maintain the maximum free drug concentration in solution, facilitating the absorption of the drug in vivo. Dissolution behavior of ASD has received increasing interests. This review will focus on the recent advances in ASD dissolution, including the generation and maintenance of supersaturated drug solution in absence or presence of liquid-liquid phase separation. Mechanism of drug release from ASD including polymer-controlled dissolution and drug-controlled dissolution will be introduced. Formation of amorphous drug-rich nanodroplets during dissolution and the underlying mechanism will be discussed. Phase separation morphology of hydrated ASD plays a critical role in dissolution behavior of ASD, which will be highlighted. Supersaturated drug solution shows poor physical stability and tends to crystallize. The effect of polymer and surfactant on supersaturated drug solution will be demonstrated and some unexpected results will be shown. Physicochemical properties of drug and polymer could impact ASD dissolution and some of them even show opposite effect on dissolution and physical stability of ASD in solid state, respectively. This review will contribute to a better understanding of ASD dissolution and facilitate a rational design of ASD formulation.
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Oberoi HS, Arce F, Purohit HS, Yu M, Fowler CA, Zhou D, Law D. Design of a Re-Dispersible High Drug Load Amorphous Formulation. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:250-263. [PMID: 36243131 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are a commonly used enabling formulation technology to drive oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. To ensure adequate solid-state stability and dissolution characteristics, the ASD formulation design typically has ≤ 25% drug loading. Exposed to aqueous media, ASD formulations can produce drug-rich colloidal dispersion with particle size < 500 nm. This in situ formation of colloidal particles requires incorporation of excess excipients in the formulation. The concept of using engineered drug-rich particles having comparable size as those generated by ASDs in aqueous media is explored with the goal of increasing drug loading in the solid dosage form. Utilizing ABT-530 as model compound, a controlled solvent-antisolvent precipitation method resulted in a dilute suspension that contained drug-rich (90% (w/w)) amorphous nanoparticles (ANP). The precipitation process was optimized to yield a suspension containing < 300 nm ANP. A systematic evaluation of formulation properties and process variables resulted in the generation of dry powders composed of 1-8 µm agglomerates of nanoparticles which in contact with water regenerated the colloidal suspension having particle size comparable to primary particles. Thus, this work demonstrates an approach to designing a re-dispersible ANP based powder containing ≥90% w/w ABT-530 that could be used in preparation of a high drug load solid dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freddy Arce
- Current Affiliation: Bristol Myers Squibb, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mengqi Yu
- NCE-Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig A Fowler
- NCE-Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Devalina Law
- NCE-Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA.
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Drop-on-powder 3D printing of amorphous high dose oral dosage forms: Process development, opportunities and printing limitations. Int J Pharm X 2022; 5:100151. [PMID: 36687376 PMCID: PMC9850179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drop-on-powder 3D printing is able to produce highly drug loaded solid oral dosage forms. However, this technique is mainly limited to well soluble drugs. The majority of pipeline compounds is poorly soluble, though, and requires solubility enhancement, e.g., via formation of amorphous solid dispersions. This study presents a detailed and systematic development approach for the production of tablets containing high amounts of a poorly soluble, amorphized drug via drop-on-powder 3D printing (also known as binder jetting). Amorphization of the compound was achieved via hot-melt extrusion using the exemplary system of the model compound ketoconazole and copovidone as matrix polymer at drug loadings of 20% and 40%. The milled extrudate was used as powder for printing and the influence of inks and different ink-to-powder ratios on recrystallization of ketoconazole was investigated in a material-saving small-scale screening. Crystallinity assessment was performed using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light microscopy to identify even small traces of crystallinity. Printing of tablets showed that the performed small-scale screening was capable to identify printing parameters for the development of amorphous and mechanically stable tablets via drop-on-powder printing. A stability study demonstrated physically stable tablets over twelve weeks at accelerated storage conditions.
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Key Words
- 3D Printing
- 3D, three-dimensional
- 3DP, three-dimensional printing
- AM, additive manufacturing
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- ASD, amorphous solid dispersion
- Additive manufacturing
- Amorphous solid dispersion
- BCS, Biopharmaceutics Classification System
- Binder jetting
- DSC, differential scanning calorimetry
- DoP, drop-on-powder
- Drop-on-powder printing
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FDM, fused deposition modeling
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- KTZ, ketoconazole
- Process development
- SODF, solid oral dosage form
- Solubility enhancement
- dpmm, dots per millimeter
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Sadozai SK, Khan SA, Baseer A, Ullah R, Zeb A, Schneider M. In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoparticle-Based Topical Formulation Against Candida albicans Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909851. [PMID: 35873577 PMCID: PMC9304580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketoconazole is commonly used in the treatment of topical fungal infections. The therapy requires frequent application for several weeks. Systemic side effects, allergic reactions, and prolonged treatment are often associated with non-compliance and therapy failure. Hence, we developed an optimized topical antifungal gel that can prolong the release of drug, reduce systemic absorption, enhance its therapeutic effect, and improve patient compliance. Ketoconazole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsion/solvent evaporation method and were characterized with respect to colloidal properties, surface morphology, and drug entrapment efficiency. The optimized ketoconazole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and commercially available silver nanoparticles were incorporated into a Carbopol 934P-NF gel base. This arrangement was characterized and compared with commercially available 2% ketoconazole cream to assess physical characteristics of the gel, in vitro drug release, ex vivo skin permeation and retention, and in vivo studies on Wister male albino rats. The results showed that polymeric PLGA nanoparticles were very effective in extending the release of ketoconazole in our optimized formulation. Nanoparticles were smooth, spherical in shape, and below 200 nm in size which is consistent with the data obtained from light scattering and SEM images. The ex vivo data showed that our gel formulation could strongly reduce drug permeation through the skin, and more than 60% of the drug was retained on the upper surface of the skin in contrast to 38.42% of the commercial cream. The in vivo studies showed that gel formulation could effectively treat the infection. This study demonstrates that our topical gel could be effective in sustaining the release of drug and suggests its potential use as a possible strategy to combat antifungal-resistant Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan Sadozai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Saeed Ahmad Khan, ; Marc Schneider,
| | - Abdul Baseer
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rooh Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- *Correspondence: Saeed Ahmad Khan, ; Marc Schneider,
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Gottschalk N, Quodbach J, Elia AG, Hess F, Bogdahn M. Determination of feed forces to improve process understanding of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing and to ensure mass conformity of printed solid oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121416. [PMID: 34958898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fused Deposition Modeling is a suitable technique for the production of personalized solid oral dosage forms. For widespread application, it is necessary to be able to print a wide range of different formulations to address individual therapeutic needs. Due to the complexity of formulation composition (e.g., due to different compounds, excipients for enhancement of release and mechanical properties) and limited mechanical understanding, determination of suitable printing parameters is challenging. To address this challenge, we have developed a feed force tester using a Texture Analyser setup that mimics the actual printing process. Feed force data were compared to the mass of tablets printed from technical materials as well as pharmaceutical filaments of ketoconazole at high drug loads of 20 and 40% and polyvinyl alcohol. By determining a feed force limit for the 3D printer from feed force data of several formulations printed, it was possible to specify the operable printing range, where printing is reproducible and printed mass corresponds the target mass. Based on these results, rational optimization of the printing process in terms of speed, time and temperature for different materials and formulations is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gottschalk
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Yen CW, Kuhn R, Hu C, Zhang W, Chiang PC, Chen JZ, Hau J, Estevez A, Nagapudi K, Leung DH. Impact of surfactant selection and incorporation on in situ nanoparticle formation from amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120980. [PMID: 34371147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spray dried amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) stand as one of the most effective formulation strategies to address issues of low aqueous solubility when developing new chemical entities.An emerging research topic focusing on the formation of amorphous nanoparticles or nanodroplets from ASD formulations has attracted attention recently. These ASD nanoparticlescan be highly beneficial and able to further increase oral bioavailability. The incorporation of surfactants in ASD formulations has been shown to facilitate the formation of these nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of surfactant-promoted nanoparticle formation becomes critical for the rational design of ASD formulations. This work demonstrated the importance of inclusion of the surfactant within the ASD composition for nanoparticle formation. In contrast, when a surfactant is added externally (e.g., by inclusion in the dosing vehicle), only a limited degree of nanoparticle formation was observed even at the optimized surfactant-to-drug ratios. A variety of different surfactants were also assessed for understanding their impact on ASD nanoparticle formation. The spray drying systems containing nonionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Vitamin E TPGS, produced higher amounts of in situ ASD nanoparticles when compared to an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The ASD nanoparticles produced by the Genentech developmental compound, GDC-0334, were highly stable and retained their original particle size and amorphous feature for at least 18 h under biorelevant conditions. The high degree of nanoparticle formation from spray dried GDC-0334 containing Tween 80 combined with the superior physical stability of the nanoparticles also translated to enhanced in vivo performance in a rat pharmacokinetics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wan Yen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert Kuhn
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chloe Hu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Po-Chang Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jacob Z Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jonathan Hau
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dennis H Leung
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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8
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Gottschalk N, Bogdahn M, Harms M, Quodbach J. Brittle polymers in Fused Deposition Modeling: An improved feeding approach to enable the printing of highly drug loaded filament. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120216. [PMID: 33493597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brittleness is often described as a restricting material property for the processability of filaments via Fused Deposition Modeling. Especially filaments produced from approved pharmaceutical polymers often tend to fracture between feeding gears, the commonly employed feeding mechanism. In order to enhance their mechanical properties, usually extensive formulation development is performed. This study presents a different strategy to enable the printing of brittle filaments without the use of additional excipients by adapting the feeding mechanism to piston feeding. The polymers Soluplus®, Kollidon® VA64 and Eudragit® E PO were used, which have been reported to be brittle. Ketoconazole was used as model compound at 40% drug load and the influence on the mechanical properties was investigated using the three-point flexural test. In order to gain a better understanding of the mechanism affecting brittleness, filaments were analyzed in terms of crystallinity and miscibility of the components using polarized microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Printing was performed with the aim to obtain immediate release tablets. The addition of Ketoconazole resulted in filaments even more brittle than placebo filaments. Nevertheless, the adaption of the feeding mechanism enabled the successful manufacturing of uniform tablets from all formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gottschalk
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Malte Bogdahn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Meike Harms
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Zhang Z, Dong L, Guo J, Li L, Tian B, Zhao Q, Yang J. Prediction of the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions: relationship of aging and phase separation with the thermodynamic and kinetic models along with characterization techniques. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:249-264. [PMID: 33112679 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1844181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Solid dispersion has been considered to be one of the most promising methods for improving the solubility and bioavailability of insoluble drugs. However, the physical stability of solid dispersions (SDs), including its aging and recrystallization, or phase separation, has always been one of the most challenging problems in the process of formulation development and storage.Areas covered: The high energy state of SDs is one of the primary reasons for the poor physical stability. The factors affecting the physical stability of SDs have been described from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics, and the corresponding theoretical model is put forward. We briefly summarize several commonly used techniques to characterize the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of SDs. Specific measures to improve the physical stability of SDs have been proposed from the perspective of prescription screening, process parameters, and storage conditions.Expert opinion: The separation of the drug from the polymer, the formation, and migration of drug crystals will cause the SDs to shift toward the direction of energy reduction, which is the intrinsic cause of instability. Furthermore, computational simulation can be used for efficient and rapid screening suitable for the excipients to improve the physical stability of SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jueshuo Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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Kawakami K, Suzuki K, Fukiage M, Matsuda M, Nishida Y, Oikawa M, Fujita T. Impact of degree of supersaturation on the dissolution and oral absorption behaviors of griseofulvin amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Sadozai SK, Khan SA, Karim N, Becker D, Steinbrück N, Gier S, Baseer A, Breinig F, Kickelbick G, Schneider M. Ketoconazole-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and their synergism against Candida albicans when combined with silver nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Sahoo A, Kumar NK, Suryanarayanan R. Crosslinking: An avenue to develop stable amorphous solid dispersion with high drug loading and tailored physical stability. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:212-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Meng F, Ferreira R, Zhang F. Effect of surfactant level on properties of celecoxib amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sriyanti I, Edikresnha D, Rahma A, Munir MM, Rachmawati H, Khairurrijal K. Mangosteen pericarp extract embedded in electrospun PVP nanofiber mats: physicochemical properties and release mechanism of α-mangostin. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4927-4941. [PMID: 30214198 PMCID: PMC6124466 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s167670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α-Mangostin is a major active compound of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract (MPE) that has potent antioxidant activity. Unfortunately, its poor aqueous solubility limits its therapeutic application. Purpose: This paper reports a promising approach to improve the clinical use of this substance through electrospinning technique. Methods Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was explored as a hydrophilic matrix to carry α-mangostin in MPE. Physicochemical properties of MPE:PVP nanofibers with various extract-to-polymer ratios were studied, including morphology, size, crystallinity, chemical interaction, and thermal behavior. Antioxidant activity and the release of α-mangostin, as the chemical marker of MPE, from the resulting fibers were investigated. Results It was obtained that the MPE:PVP nanofiber mats were flat, bead-free, and in a size range of 387–586 nm. Peak shifts in Fourier-transform infrared spectra of PVP in the presence of MPE suggested hydrogen bond formation between MPE and PVP. The differential scanning calorimetric study revealed a noticeable endothermic event at 119°C in MPE:PVP nanofibers, indicating vaporization of moisture residue. This confirmed hygroscopic property of PVP. The absence of crystalline peaks of MPE at 2θ of 5.99°, 11.62°, and 13.01° in the X-ray diffraction patterns of electrospun MPE:PVP nanofibers showed amorphization of MPE by PVP after being electrospun. The radical scavenging activity of MPE:PVP nanofibers exhibited lower IC50 value (55–67 µg/mL) in comparison with pure MPE (69 µg/mL). The PVP:MPE nanofibers tremendously increased the antioxidant activity of α-mangostin as well as its release rate. Applying high voltage in electrospinning process did not destroy the chemical structure of α-mangostin as indicated by retained in vitro antioxidant activity. The release rate of α-mangostin significantly increased from 35% to over 90% in 60 minutes. The release of α-mangostin from MPE:PVP nanofibers was dependent on α-mangostin concentration and particle size, as confirmed by the first-order kinetic model as well as the Hixson–Crowell kinetic model. Conclusion We successfully synthesized MPE:PVP nanofiber mats with enhanced antioxidant activity and release rate, which can potentially improve the therapeutic effects offered by MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Sriyanti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, .,Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang
| | - Dhewa Edikresnha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
| | - Annisa Rahma
- Pharmaceutics Research Division, School of Pharmacy,
| | - Muhammad Miftahul Munir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Pharmaceutics Research Division, School of Pharmacy, .,Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia,
| | - Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, .,Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung,
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Aleandri S, Jankovic S, Kuentz M. Towards a better understanding of solid dispersions in aqueous environment by a fluorescence quenching approach. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:130-139. [PMID: 30130607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions (SDs) represent an important formulation technique to achieve supersaturation in gastro-intestinal fluids and to enhance absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Extensive research was leading to a rather good understanding of SDs in the dry state, whereas the complex interactions in aqueous medium are still challenging to analyze. This paper introduces a fluorescence quenching approach together with size-exclusion chromatography to study drug and polymer interactions that emerge from SDs release testing in aqueous colloidal phase. Celecoxib was used as a model drug as it is poorly water-soluble and also exhibits native fluorescence so that quenching experiments were enabled. Different pharmaceutical polymers were evaluated by the (modified) Stern-Volmer model, which was complemented by further bulk analytics. Drug accessibility by the quencher and its affinity to celecoxib were studied in physical mixtures as well as with in SDs. The obtained differences enabled important molecular insights into the different formulations. Knowledge of relevant drug-polymer interactions and the amount of drug embedded into polymer aggregates in the aqueous phase is of high relevance for understanding of SD performance. The novel fluorescence quenching approach is highly promising for future research and it can provide guidance in early formulation development of native fluorescent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Aleandri
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Hofackerstr. 30, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Jankovic
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Hofackerstr. 30, Muttenz, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Hofackerstr. 30, Muttenz, Switzerland.
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Preparation and comparison of tacrolimus-loaded solid dispersion and self-microemulsifying drug delivery system by in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 114:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Yani Y, Kanaujia P, Chow PS, Tan RBH. Effect of API-Polymer Miscibility and Interaction on the Stabilization of Amorphous Solid Dispersion: A Molecular Simulation Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yani
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Parijat Kanaujia
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Pui Shan Chow
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Reginald B. H. Tan
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576 Singapore
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19
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20
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Edueng K, Mahlin D, Bergström CAS. The Need for Restructuring the Disordered Science of Amorphous Drug Formulations. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1754-1772. [PMID: 28523384 PMCID: PMC5533858 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The alarming numbers of poorly soluble discovery compounds have centered the efforts towards finding strategies to improve the solubility. One of the attractive approaches to enhance solubility is via amorphization despite the stability issue associated with it. Although the number of amorphous-based research reports has increased tremendously after year 2000, little is known on the current research practice in designing amorphous formulation and how it has changed after the concept of solid dispersion was first introduced decades ago. In this review we try to answer the following questions: What model compounds and excipients have been used in amorphous-based research? How were these two components selected and prepared? What methods have been used to assess the performance of amorphous formulation? What methodology have evolved and/or been standardized since amorphous-based formulation was first introduced and to what extent have we embraced on new methods? Is the extent of research mirrored in the number of marketed amorphous drug products? We have summarized the history and evolution of amorphous formulation and discuss the current status of amorphous formulation-related research practice. We also explore the potential uses of old experimental methods and how they can be used in tandem with computational tools in designing amorphous formulation more efficiently than the traditional trial-and-error approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Edueng
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy,, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 580, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
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21
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Deng P, Teng F, Zhou F, Song Z, Meng N, Feng R. Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (δ-valerolactone) copolymeric micelles for improved skin delivery of ketoconazole. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 28:63-78. [PMID: 27691601 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1244371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal drug. For the treatment of superficial fungal infections with ketoconazole, it needs to be permeated to deep skin layers. In order to develop topical formulation of ketoconazole for improving its skin deposition and water-solubility, ketoconazole-loaded methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (δ-valerolactone) micelles were developed through thin-film hydration method. Particle size, drug loading capacity, infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction of drug-loaded micelles were characterized. The optimal drug formulation was selected for skin delivery and deposition investigation performed by use of mice skin, and its in vitro release and antifungal activity were also investigated. Penetration and distribution in the skin were also visualized using fluorescein-loaded micelles and fluorescence microscopy. The drug-loaded micelles were obtained with encapsulation efficiency of 86.39% and particle diameter of about 12 nm. The micelles made ketoconazole aqueous solubility increase to 86-fold higher than crude one. Ketoconazole-loaded micelles showed no skin permeation of ketoconazole, obviously enhance skin deposition and demonstrated similar antifungal activity as compared with marketed ketoconazole cream. Fluorescein-loaded micelles displayed higher skin deposition than fluorescein water solution. These results demonstrate that the MPEG-PVL micelle is a potential delivery system for ketoconazole in the field of skin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizong Deng
- a School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , PR China
| | - Fangfang Teng
- b School of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , PR China.,c Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , PR China
| | - Feilong Zhou
- a School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , PR China
| | - Zhimei Song
- a School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , PR China
| | - Ning Meng
- a School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , PR China
| | - Runliang Feng
- a School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan , PR China
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22
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Kawakami K. Supersaturation and crystallization: non-equilibrium dynamics of amorphous solid dispersions for oral drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:735-743. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1230099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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23
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Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Review of Amorphization, Crystallization, Stabilization, Solid-State Characterization, and Aqueous Solubilization of Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2527-2544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Harmon P, Galipeau K, Xu W, Brown C, Wuelfing WP. Mechanism of Dissolution-Induced Nanoparticle Formation from a Copovidone-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersion. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1467-81. [PMID: 27019407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Harmon
- Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kendra Galipeau
- Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- Formulation Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Chad Brown
- Formulation Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - W. Peter Wuelfing
- Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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25
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Kanaujia P, Poovizhi P, Ng W, Tan R. Amorphous formulations for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble APIs. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Chan SY, Qi S, Craig DQM. An investigation into the influence of drug-polymer interactions on the miscibility, processability and structure of polyvinylpyrrolidone-based hot melt extrusion formulations. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:95-106. [PMID: 26428633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While hot melt extrusion is now established within the pharmaceutical industry, the prediction of miscibility, processability and structural stability remains a pertinent issue, including the issue of whether molecular interaction is necessary for suitable performance. Here we integrate the use of theoretical and experimental drug-polymer interaction assessment with determination of processability and structure of dispersions in two polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymers (PVP and PVP vinyl acetate, PVPVA). Caffeine and paracetamol were chosen as model drugs on the basis of their differing hydrogen bonding potential with PVP. Solubility parameter and interaction parameter calculations predicted a greater miscibility for paracetamol, while ATR-FTIR confirmed the hydrogen bonding propensity of the paracetamol with both polymers, with little interaction detected for caffeine. PVP was found to exhibit greater interaction and miscibility with paracetamol than did PVPVA. It was noted that lower processing temperatures (circa 40°C below the Tg of the polymer alone and Tm of the crystalline drug) and higher drug loadings with associated molecular dispersion up to 50% w/w were possible for the paracetamol dispersions, although molecular dispersion with the non-interactive caffeine was noted at loadings up to 20% w./w. A lower processing temperature was also noted for caffeine-loaded systems despite the absence of detectable interactions. The study has therefore indicated that theoretical and experimental detection of miscibility and drug-polymer interactions may lead to insights into product processing and extrudate structure, with direct molecular interaction representing a helpful but not essential aspect of drug-polymer combination prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok-Yee Chan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England, UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England, UK
| | - Duncan Q M Craig
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, England, UK.
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27
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Mistry P, Mohapatra S, Gopinath T, Vogt FG, Suryanarayanan R. Role of the Strength of Drug-Polymer Interactions on the Molecular Mobility and Crystallization Inhibition in Ketoconazole Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3339-50. [PMID: 26070543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of specific drug-polymer interactions (ionic or hydrogen-bonding) on the molecular mobility of model amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) were investigated. ASDs of ketoconazole (KTZ), a weakly basic drug, with each of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared. Drug-polymer interactions in the ASDs were evaluated by infrared and solid-state NMR, the molecular mobility quantified by dielectric spectroscopy, and crystallization onset monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and variable temperature X-ray diffractometry (VTXRD). KTZ likely exhibited ionic interactions with PAA, hydrogen-bonding with PHEMA, and weaker dipole-dipole interactions with PVP. On the basis of dielectric spectroscopy, the α-relaxation times of the ASDs followed the order: PAA > PHEMA > PVP. In addition, the presence of ionic interactions also translated to a dramatic and disproportionate decrease in mobility as a function of polymer concentration. On the basis of both DSC and VTXRD, an increase in strength of interaction translated to higher crystallization onset temperature and a decrease in extent of crystallization. Stronger drug-polymer interactions, by reducing the molecular mobility, can potentially delay the crystallization onset temperature as well as crystallization extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frederick G Vogt
- Morgan, Lewis, and Bockius LLP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, United States
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28
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Nielsen LH, Rades T, Müllertz A. Stabilisation of amorphous furosemide increases the oral drug bioavailability in rats. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:334-40. [PMID: 26026252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A glass solution of the amorphous sodium salt of furosemide (ASSF) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (80:20 w/w%) was prepared by spray drying. It was investigated if PVP was able to stabilise ASSF during storage and dissolution and whether this influenced the in vivo performance of the glass solution after oral dosing to rats. The glass solution had a glass transition temperature of 121.3 ± 0.5°C, which was significantly higher than that of the pure drug (101.2°C). ASSF in the glass solution was stable for at least 168 days when stored at 20°C and 0% relative humidity. The glass solution exhibited fast dissolution in simulated intestinal medium, pH 6.5; the intrinsic dissolution rate was found to be 10.1 ± 0.6 mg/cm(2)/min, which was significantly faster than the pure ASSF. When investigating the stability during dissolution in stimulated intestinal medium at pH 6.5, the ASSF in the glass solution showed signs of crystallinity after 1 min of dissolution, but crystallised to a lesser extent than pure ASSF. The stabilising effect of PVP on ASSF, led to improved relative oral bioavailability in rats of 263%, when compared to the pure ASSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Hagner Nielsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 345B, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Potter C, Tian Y, Walker G, McCoy C, Hornsby P, Donnelly C, Jones DS, Andrews GP. Novel Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Impregnation Technique for the Production of Amorphous Solid Drug Dispersions: A Comparison to Hot Melt Extrusion. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1377-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500644h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gavin Walker
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
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30
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Vasa DM, Dalal N, Katz JM, Roopwani R, Nevrekar A, Patel H, Buckner IS, Wildfong PL. Physical Characterization of Drug:Polymer Dispersion Behavior in Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Solid Dispersions using a Suite of Complementary Analytical Techniques. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2911-2923. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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The Effect of Polymeric Excipients on the Physical Properties and Performance of Amorphous Dispersions: Part I, Free Volume and Glass Transition. Pharm Res 2014; 32:500-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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33
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Lang B, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Hot-melt extrusion – basic principles and pharmaceutical applications. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 40:1133-55. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.838577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Li Y, Pang H, Guo Z, Lin L, Dong Y, Li G, Lu M, Wu C. Interactions between drugs and polymers influencing hot melt extrusion. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:148-66. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Hot melt extrusion (HME) as a technique for producing amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has been widely used in pharmaceutical research. The biggest challenge for the application of HME is the thermal degradation of drug, poor physical stability of ASD and precipitation of drug during dissolution. Interactions between drugs and polymers may play an important role in overcoming these barriers. In this review, influence of drug–polymer interactions on HME and the methods for characterizing the drug–polymer interactions were reviewed.
Key findings
Strong drug–polymer interactions, especially ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds, are helpful to improving the thermal stability of drug during HME, enhancing the physical stability of ASD during storage and maintaining supersaturated solution after dissolution in gastrointestinal tract. The interactions can be quantitatively and qualitatively characterized by many analysing methods.
Conclusions
As many factors collectively determine the properties of HME products, drug–polymer interactions play an extremely important role. However, the action mechanisms of drug–polymer interactions need intensive investigation to provide more useful information for optimizing the formulation and the process parameters of HME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishi Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhefei Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Research and Development Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research and Development Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Development and evaluation of taste-masked dry suspension of cefuroxime axetil for enhancement of oral bioavailability. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Lee JH, Kim YL, Lee SJ, Yang J, Park JY, Kim EY, Lee D, Khang G. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Preparation/characterization of solid dispersions and enhancement of dissolution rate on celecoxib as BCS II class. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 972] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Xu M, Zhang C, Luo Y, Xu L, Tao X, Wang Y, He H, Tang X. Application and functional characterization of POVACOAT, a hydrophilic co-polymer poly(vinyl alcohol/acrylic acid/methyl methacrylate) as a hot-melt extrusion carrier. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:126-35. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.752497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Giri TK, Kumar K, Alexander A, Ajazuddin, Badwaik H, Tripathi DK. A novel and alternative approach to controlled release drug delivery system based on solid dispersion technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Alam MA, Ali R, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM. Solid dispersions: a strategy for poorly aqueous soluble drugs and technology updates. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1419-40. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.732064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Aisha AF, Ismail Z, Abu-Salah KM, Majid AMSA. Solid Dispersions of α-Mangostin Improve Its Aqueous Solubility through Self-Assembly of Nanomicelles. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:815-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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Srinarong P, de Waard H, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Improved dissolution behavior of lipophilic drugs by solid dispersions: the production process as starting point for formulation considerations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1121-40. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.598147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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