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Abdelazim EB, Abed T, Goher SS, Alya SH, El-Nashar HAS, El-Moslamy SH, El-Fakharany EM, Abdul-Baki EA, Shakweer MM, Eissa NG, Elsabahy M, Kamoun EA. In vitro and in vivo studies of Syzygium cumini-loaded electrospun PLGA/PMMA/collagen nanofibers for accelerating topical wound healing. RSC Adv 2024; 14:101-117. [PMID: 38173621 PMCID: PMC10758764 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aims to develop plant extract-loaded electrospun nanofiber as an effective wound dressing scaffolds for topical wound healing. Electrospun nanofibers were fabricated from Syzygium cumini leaf extract (SCLE), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), collagen and glycine. Electrospinning conditions were optimized to allow the formation of nanosized and uniform fibers that display smooth surface. Morphology and swelling behavior of the formed nanofibers were studied. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the nanofibers against multidrug-resistant and human pathogens was assessed by agar-well diffusion. Results showed that nanofibers containing Syzygium cumini extract at concentrations of 0.5 and 1% w/v exhibited greater antibacterial activity against the tested Gram-positive (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (i.e., Salmonella paratyphi and Escherichia coli) pathogens compared to the same concentrations of the plain extract. Furthermore, in vivo wound healing was evaluated in Wistar rats over a period of 14 days. In vivo results demonstrated that nanofiber mats containing SCLE and collagen significantly improved wound healing within two weeks, compared to the control untreated group. These findings highlight the potential of fabricated nanofibers in accelerating wound healing and management of topical acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa B Abdelazim
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo Badr City Cairo 11829 Egypt
| | - Tasneem Abed
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo Badr City Cairo 11829 Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S Goher
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE) Suez Desert Road El Sherouk City Cairo 1183 Egypt
| | - Shaza H Alya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo Cairo 11829 Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Shahira H El-Moslamy
- Bioprocess Development Dep., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg Al-Arab City 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Dep., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg Al-Arab City 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Enas A Abdul-Baki
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo Badr City Cairo 11829 Egypt
- Genomic Signature Cancer Center, Next Generation Sequencer Unit, Tanta University Global Educational Hospital, Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Marwa Mosaad Shakweer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo Cairo 11829 Egypt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Noura G Eissa
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo Badr City Cairo 11829 Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo Badr City Cairo 11829 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Dep., Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) Alexandria 21934 Egypt
- Biomaterials for Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE) Suez Desert Road El Sherouk City Cairo 1183 Egypt
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Chakraborty A, Mahajan S, Bisht MS, Sharma VK. Genome sequencing of Syzygium cumini (jamun) reveals adaptive evolution in secondary metabolism pathways associated with its medicinal properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1260414. [PMID: 38046611 PMCID: PMC10693344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1260414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini, also known as jambolan or jamun, is an evergreen tree widely known for its medicinal properties, fruits, and ornamental value. To understand the genomic and evolutionary basis of its medicinal properties, we sequenced S. cumini genome for the first time from the world's largest tree genus Syzygium using Oxford Nanopore and 10x Genomics sequencing technologies. We also sequenced and assembled the transcriptome of S. cumini in this study. The tetraploid and highly heterozygous draft genome of S. cumini had a total size of 709.9 Mbp with 61,195 coding genes. The phylogenetic position of S. cumini was established using a comprehensive genome-wide analysis including species from 18 Eudicot plant orders. The existence of neopolyploidy in S. cumini was evident from the higher number of coding genes and expanded gene families resulting from gene duplication events compared to the other two sequenced species from this genus. Comparative evolutionary analyses showed the adaptive evolution of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid (PF) biosynthesis pathway and other secondary metabolites biosynthesis such as terpenoid and alkaloid in S. cumini, along with genes involved in stress tolerance mechanisms, which was also supported by leaf transcriptome data generated in this study. The adaptive evolution of secondary metabolism pathways is associated with the wide range of pharmacological properties, specifically the anti-diabetic property, of this species conferred by the bioactive compounds that act as nutraceutical agents in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vineet K. Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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Das G, Nath R, Das Talukdar A, Ağagündüz D, Yilmaz B, Capasso R, Shin HS, Patra JK. Major Bioactive Compounds from Java Plum Seeds: An Investigation of Its Extraction Procedures and Clinical Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1214. [PMID: 36986906 PMCID: PMC10057433 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Java plum is widely recognized as a plant with valuable medicinal properties, originating from Indonesia and India and distributed globally in the tropic and sub-tropic regions of the world. The plant is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, terpenes, tannins, and lipids. The phytoconstituents of the plant seeds possess various vital pharmacological activities and clinical effects including their antidiabetic potential. The bioactive phytoconstituents of Java plum seeds include jambosine, gallic acid, quercetin, β-sitosterol, ferulic acid, guaiacol, resorcinol, p-coumaric acid, corilagin, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin, tannic acid, 4,6 hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucose, 3,6-hexahydroxy diphenoylglucose, 1-galloylglucose, and 3-galloylglucose. Considering all the potential beneficial effects of the major bioactive compounds present in the Jamun seeds, in the current investigation, the specific clinical effects and the mechanism of action for the major bioactive compounds along with the extraction procedures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Birsen Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
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Long-Term Supplementation of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Concentrate Alleviates Age-Related Cognitive Deficit and Oxidative Damage: A Comparative Study of Young vs. Old Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030666. [PMID: 36771374 PMCID: PMC9921576 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels is reported to have medicinal properties, but its benefits on age-related neurological changes have not been previously explored. In the current study, after phytochemical analysis of the pulp of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels fruit (Sy. cmi), young BALB/c mice have been supplemented with its 5, 15, and 30% dilution for 16 months, followed by behavioral experimentation and biochemical evaluation of isolated brains. The Sy. cmi has been found enriched with phenols/flavonoids while the occurrence of nine phytocompounds has been identified through GC-MS analysis. Further, Sy. cmi supplementation has caused significant (p < 0.05) protection from anxiety-like behavior in aged mice, and they have explored open, illuminated, and exposed areas of open field, light/dark, and an elevated plus maze, respectively. Furthermore, these animals have shown improved cognitive abilities as their percent (%) spontaneous alteration and novelty preference are significantly greater in T-maze and Y-maze and familiarity/novelty recognition tests. Further, Sy. cmi-supplemented mice remember the aversive stimuli zone and escape box location in passive avoidance and Barnes maze tests, and their brains have low levels of malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase with elevated antioxidant enzymes. The outcomes have provided scientific insight into the beneficial effects of Sy. cmi on age-associated amnesia that might be attributed to antioxidant and anticholinergic effects exerted by phytocompounds (caryophyllene, humulene, β-Farnesene, and phytol) owned by Syzygium cumini.
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Antidiabetic Potential of Commonly Available Fruit Plants in Bangladesh: Updates on Prospective Phytochemicals and Their Reported MoAs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248709. [PMID: 36557843 PMCID: PMC9782115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disorder affecting people of all ages and adversely disrupts their daily functions. Despite the availability of numerous synthetic-antidiabetic medications and insulin, the demand for the development of novel antidiabetic medications is increasing due to the adverse effects and growth of resistance to commercial drugs in the long-term usage. Hence, antidiabetic phytochemicals isolated from fruit plants can be a very nifty option to develop life-saving novel antidiabetic therapeutics, employing several pathways and MoAs (mechanism of actions). This review focuses on the antidiabetic potential of commonly available Bangladeshi fruits and other plant parts, such as seeds, fruit peals, leaves, and roots, along with isolated phytochemicals from these phytosources based on lab findings and mechanism of actions. Several fruits, such as orange, lemon, amla, tamarind, and others, can produce remarkable antidiabetic actions and can be dietary alternatives to antidiabetic therapies. Besides, isolated phytochemicals from these plants, such as swertisin, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and other prospective phytochemicals, also demonstrated their candidacy for further exploration to be established as antidiabetic leads. Thus, it can be considered that fruits are one of the most valuable gifts of plants packed with a wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals and are widely consumed as dietary items and medicinal therapies in different civilizations and cultures. This review will provide a better understanding of diabetes management by consuming fruits and other plant parts as well as deliver innovative hints for the researchers to develop novel drugs from these plant parts and/or their phytochemicals.
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Kumar M, Hasan M, Lorenzo JM, Dhumal S, Nishad J, Rais N, Verma A, Changan S, Barbhai MD, Radha, Chandran D, Pandiselvam R, Senapathy M, Dey A, Pradhan PC, Mohankumar P, Deshmukh VP, Amarowicz R, Mekhemar M, Zhang B. Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) seed bioactives and its biological activities: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jit BP, Pattnaik S, Arya R, Dash R, Sahoo SS, Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Behera PK, Jena M, Sharma A, Agrawala PK, Behera RK. Phytochemicals: A potential next generation agent for radioprotection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154188. [PMID: 36029645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation hazards are accountable for extensive damage in the biological system and acts as a public health burden. Owing to the rapid increasing in radiation technology, both Ionizing radiation (IR) from natural and man made source poses detrimental outcome to public health. IR releases free radicals which induces oxidative stress and deleterious biological damage by modulating radiation induced signalling intermediates. The efficacy of existing therapeutic approach and treatment strategy are limited owing to their toxicity and associated side effects. Indian system of traditional medicine is enriched with prospective phytochemicals with potential radioprotection ability. PURPOSE The present review elucidated and summarized the potential role of plant derived novel chemical compound with prospective radioprotective potential. METHOD So far as the traditional system of Indian medicine is concerned, plant kingdom is enriched with potential bioactive molecules with diverse pharmacological activities. We reviewed several compounds mostly secondary metabolites from plant origin using various search engines. RESULTS Both compounds from land plants and marine source exhibited antioxidant antiinflammatory, free radical scavenging ability. These compounds have tremendous potential in fine-tuning of several signalling intermediates, which are actively participated in the progression and development of a pathological condition associated with radiation stress. CONCLUSION Development and explore of an operational radioprotective agent from originated from plant source that can be used as a novel molecular tool to eliminate the widespread damage caused by space exploration, ionizing radiation, nuclear war and radiotherapy has been significantly appreciated. Through extensive literature search we highlighted several compounds from both land plant and marine origin can be implemented for a better therapeutic potential against radiation induced injury. Furthermore, extensive clinical trials must be carried out in near future for better therapeutic modality and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India
| | - Subhaswaraj Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768019, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India
| | - Rutumbara Dash
- Departement of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Pradyota Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Paban Kumar Agrawala
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi 110054, India
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Kandeda AK, Nodeina S, Mabou ST. An aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini protects against kainate-induced status epilepticus and amnesia: evidence for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory intervention. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2581-2602. [PMID: 35916986 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common drug-resistant epilepsy. To cure epilepsy, drugs must target the mechanisms at the origin of seizures. Thus, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the antiepileptic- and anti-amnesic-like effects of an aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini against kainate-induced status epilepticus in mice, and possible mechanisms of action. Mice were divided into 7 groups and treated as follows: normal group or kainate group received po distilled water (10 mL/kg), four test groups received Syzygium cumini (28.8, 72, 144, and 288 mg/kg, po), and the positive control group treated intraperitoneally (ip) with sodium valproate (300 mg/kg). An extra group of normal mice was treated with piracetam (200 mg/kg, po). Treatments were administered 60 min before the induction of status epilepticus with kainate (15 mg/kg, ip), and continued daily throughout behavioral testing. Twenty-four hours after the induction, T-maze and Morris water maze tasks were successively performed. The animals were then sacrificed and some markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were estimated in the hippocampus. The extract significantly prevented status epilepticus and mortality. In the T-maze, the aqueous extract markedly increased the time spent and the number of entries in the discriminated arm. In the Morris water maze, the extract significantly increased the time spent in the target quadrant during the retention phase. Furthermore, the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini has antiepileptic- and anti-amnesic-like effects, likely mediated in part by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Saleh Nodeina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Symphorien Talom Mabou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Araújo GRD, Teles BSBDS, Xoteslem GC, Gratieri T, Fortes RC, Novaes MR. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the healing of stasis ulcers in lower limbs with standard hydrocolloid gel dressings and with dressings with Syzygium cumini extract. Phlebology 2022; 37:460-468. [DOI: 10.1177/02683555221088380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the healing of venous ulcers in the lower limbs (VLU) using dressings with hydrocolloid gel associated with Syzygium cumini extract (SHG) compared to standard hydrocolloid gel dressings (HG). Method This prospective, double-blind, randomized trial recruited 90 patients with VLU divided into: dressings with SHG ( n = 44) and dressings with HG ( n = 46). Primary endpoint was healing in the 14th visit. Secondary endpoints were healing rate, complete healing during follow-up, and improvement in the pain scale and in quality of life. Results There were no significant between-group differences in healing ( p = 0.15). The wound area made healing difficult ( p = 0.008). Age, body mass index, and wound time demonstrated a tendency to worsen the healing. Positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in 88% reduction in the healing risk ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion There was no difference between the dressings evaluated. The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Roberto de Araújo
- Faculty of Health Science, Federal District Health Department, Vascular Surgery, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Taís Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Renata Costa Fortes
- School of Health Sciences (ESCS), Secretary of State for Health of the Federal District, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Novaes
- Faculty of Health Science, Federal District Health Department, Vascular Surgery, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Roles of Syzygium in Anti-Cholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant: From Alzheimer’s Perspective. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111476. [PMID: 35684249 PMCID: PMC9183156 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It is triggered by multifaceted burdens such as cholinergic toxicity, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Syzygium plants are ethnomedicinally used in treating inflammation, diabetes, as well as memory impairment. They are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, which can be multi-target neuroprotective agents against AD. This review attempts to review the pharmacological importance of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotection, focusing on anti-cholinesterase, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Articles published in bibliographic databases within recent years relevant to neuroprotection were reviewed. About 10 species were examined for their anti-cholinesterase capacity. Most studies were conducted in the form of extracts rather than compounds. Syzygium aromaticum (particularly its essential oil and eugenol component) represents the most studied species owing to its economic significance in food and therapy. The molecular mechanisms of Syzygium species in neuroprotection include the inhibition of AChE to correct cholinergic transmission, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, RIS production, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, the restoration of brain ions homeostasis, the inhibition of microglial invasion, the modulation of ß-cell insulin release, the enhancement of lipid accumulation, glucose uptake, and adiponectin secretion via the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional efforts are warranted to explore less studied species, including the Australian and Western Syzygium species. The effectiveness of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotective responses is markedly established, but further compound isolation, in silico, and clinical studies are demanded.
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Aljohny BO, Anwar Y, Khan SA. In vitro anticancer and antibacterial potentials of selected medicinal plants and isolation and characterization of a natural compound from Withania coagulans. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:263-270. [PMID: 34902232 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, five different plants, Syzygium Cumini, Fagonia cretica, Acacia modesta, Withania coagulans, and Olea europaea aqueous extracts were prepared and applied against the anticancer and antibacterial activities. It was observed that O. Europaea extract shows the highest anticancer activity with cell viability of 21.5%. All the five plants extract was also used against the inhibition of Bacillus subtilis where O. Europaea extract shows a promising inhibitory activity of 3.2 cm followed by W. coagulans. Furthermore, W. coagulans was subjected to the process of column chromatography as a result a withanolide was isolated. The fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and high resolution fast atom bombardment (HRFAB-MS) [M + 1] indicated molecular weight at m/z 453 and molecular formula C28H37O5. The UV-Vis. spectrum shows absorbance at 210 nm suggesting the presence of conjugated system, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was recorded to explore the functional groups. Similarly, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques such as 1H, 13C NMR, correlation spectroscopy (COSY-45°), heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) and Nuclear Overhauser effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) techniques was carried out to determine the unknown natural product. The collective data of all these techniques established the structure of the unknown compound and recognized as a withanolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Oudh Aljohny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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El-Nashar HAS, Eldehna WM, Al-Rashood ST, Alharbi A, Eskandrani RO, Aly SH. GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oil and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Syzygium cumini (Pamposia) Grown in Egypt: Chemical Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226984. [PMID: 34834076 PMCID: PMC8618078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (Pomposia) is a well-known aromatic plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, and has been reported for its various traditional and pharmacological potentials, such as its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal properties. The chemical composition of the leaf essential oil via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed the identification of fifty-three compounds representing about 91.22% of the total oil. The identified oil was predominated by α-pinene (21.09%), followed by β-(E)-ocimene (11.80%), D-limonene (8.08%), β-pinene (7.33%), and α-terpineol (5.38%). The tested oil revealed a moderate cytotoxic effect against human liver cancer cells (HepG2) with an IC50 value of 38.15 ± 2.09 µg/mL. In addition, it effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 32.9 ± 2.1 µg/mL. Furthermore, it showed inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 57.80 ± 3.30 and 274.03 ± 12.37 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking studies revealed that (E)-β-caryophyllene, one of the major compounds, achieved the best docking scores of -6.75, -5.61, and -7.75 for acetylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that S. cumini oil should be considered as a food supplement for the elderly to enhance memory performance and for diabetic patients to control blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.E.-N.); (W.M.E.)
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.S.E.-N.); (W.M.E.)
| | - Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.T.A.-R.); (A.A.); (R.O.E.)
| | - Amal Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.T.A.-R.); (A.A.); (R.O.E.)
| | - Razan O. Eskandrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.T.A.-R.); (A.A.); (R.O.E.)
| | - Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
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13
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Gomes CL, Silva CCAR, Melo CGDE, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, DA Silva RMF, Rolim LA, Rolim Neto PJ. Development of an analytical method for determination of polyphenols and total tannins from leaves of Syzygium cumini L. Skeels. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190373. [PMID: 34287463 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini L. Skeels belongs to Myrtaceae family. This species has been recognized by its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Despite ever-increasing scientific interest for this species there is no pharmacopeia method for characterization and standardization of S. cumini yet. So, toward this aim, the objective of this work was to develop an efficient analytical methodology able to determine polyphenols and tannins content from leaves hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini using Folin-Ciocalteu method by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). The analytical methodology was developed for the first time in the literature for leaves of this specie shown to be fast and low-cost with results expressed through tannic acid equivalent (TAE). Moreover, the methodology presented selectivity with maximum absorption at 706 nm wavelength, linearity with R2>0.99; limit of detection 0.275 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.102 µg TAE mL-1; limit of quantification 1.046 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.912 µg TAE mL-1 for total polyphenols and total tannins, respectively. Furthermore, the methodology was accurate with recover value greater than 98%, as well as exact, reproductive, and robust with coefficient of variation values less than 15% for both compounds. All the results are found within the fixed limits according to RDC 166/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caio C A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco Governador Miguel Arraes (LAFEPE), Largo de Dois Irmãos, 1117, Dois Irmãos, 52171-010 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila G DE Melo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Magda R A Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz A L Soares
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rosali M F DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Rolim
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Central de Análise de Fármacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Rolim Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
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14
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Silva CCAR, Gomes CL, Danda LJA, Roberto AEM, Carvalho AMRDE, Ximenes ECPA, Silva RMFDA, Angelos MA, Rolim LA, Rolim Neto PJ. Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols and tannins from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves through an experimental design coupled to a desirability approach. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190632. [PMID: 34259791 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study consisted in optimizing the extractive method of polyphenols and total tannins of leaves of Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels assisted by microwaves to potentiate the antimicrobial activity of the dried extract of S. cumini against sensitive and resistant strains. A Box-Behnken design that consisted of 27 experimental runs coupled with a desirability function for multiple response optimization was employed to optimize the total polyphenols content and total tannins content. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were evaluated by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration in 96-well petri dishes. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be 8 min of extraction, under 300 w of microwave power, using a 1:34 g/mL solid/solvent ratio and 38% of ethanol concentration as extraction solvent. The parameter with the greatest influence in the extraction was primarily the time, followed by the potency and proportion solid/solvent. This yielded a total polyphenol content of 87.37 ± 1.85 mg TAE g-1ext and a total tannin content of 79.68 ± 1.64 mg TAE g-1 ext. All tested microorganisms were sensitive to the extract, evidencing the effectiveness of the extraction method optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio C A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Laboratório Farmacêutico do Estado de Pernambuco Governador Miguel Arraes/LAFEPE, Largo de Dois Irmãos, 1117, Dois Irmãos, 52171-010 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila L Gomes
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology Departament, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lucas J A Danda
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Emília M Roberto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria R DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eulália C P A Ximenes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Antibióticos, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rosali M F DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Angelos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Rolim
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco/UNIVASF, Central de Análise de Fármacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Rolim Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, 50740-525 Recife, PE, Brazil
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15
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Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Rao S, Venkatesh P, Hegde SK, D'souza RK, Baliga-Rao MP, Simon P, Baliga M. Indian Indigenous Fruits as Radioprotective Agents: Past, Present and Future. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:53-63. [PMID: 34229590 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210706124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionising radiation has been an important modality in cancer treatment and its value is immense when surgical intervention is risky or might debilitate/adversely affect the patient. However, the beneficial effect of radiation modality is negated by the damage to the adjacent healthy tissue in the field of radiation. Under these situations, the use of radioprotective compounds that can selectively protect normal tissues against radiation injury is considered very useful. However, research spanning over half a century has shown that there are no ideal radioprotectors available. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) approved amifostine or WR-2721 (Walter Reed-2721) [chemically S-2-(3-aminopropyl-amino) ethyl phosphorothioic acid] is toxic at their optimal concentrations. This has necessitated the need for agents that are safe and easily acceptable to humans. BACKGROUND Dietary agents with beneficial effects like free radical scavenging, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects are recognized as applicable and have been investigated for their radioprotective properties. Studies in these lines have shown that the fruits of Aegle marmelos (stone apple or bael), Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica(Indian gooseberry/amla), Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana (black plum / jamun), Mangifera indica (mango) and Grewia asiatica (phalsa or falsa) that are originally reported to be indigenous to India have been investigated for their usefulness as a radioprotective agent. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize beneficial effects of the Indian indigenous fruits stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa in mitigating radiation-induced side effects, emphasize the underlying mechanism of action for the beneficial effects and address aspects that merit detail investigations for these fruits to move towards clinical application in the near future. METHODS The authors data mined in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1981 up to July 2020. The focus was on the radioprotection and the mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects, and accordingly, the articles were collated and analyzed. RESULTS This article emphasizes the usefulness of stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa as radioprotective agents. From a mechanistic view, reports are suggestive that the beneficial effects are mediated by triggering free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION For the first time, this review addresses the beneficial effects of mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, stone apple and phalsa as radioprotective agents. The authors suggest that future studies should be directed at understanding the selective radioprotective effects with tumor-bearing laboratory animals to understand their usefulness as radioprotective drug/s during radiotherapy and as a food supplement to protect people getting exposed to low doses of radiation in occupational settings. Phase I clinical trial studies are also required to ascertain the optimal dose and the schedule to be followed with the standardized extract of these fruits. The most important aspect is that these fruits are a part of the diet, have been consumed since the beginning of mankind, are non-toxic, possess diverse medicinal properties, have easy acceptability all of which will help take research forward and be of benefit to patients, occupational workers, agribased sectors and pharma industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ponemone Venkatesh
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanath Kumar Hegde
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Paul Simon
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjeshwar Baliga
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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16
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Song JG, Tang W, Wang X, Su JC, Huang XJ, Shi L, Ye WC, Wang Y. Phloroglucinol-derived lipids from the leaves of Syzygium cumini and their neuroprotective activities. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104968. [PMID: 34147547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the typical HPLC-UV-MS profiles and characteristic 1H NMR signals, twelve new phloroglucinol-derived lipids (1-12), featuring a long linear aliphatic side chain, together with three known ones (13-15) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Syzygium cumini. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses and mass spectrometric data. Compounds 1-5 characterize an enolizable β,β'-tricarbonyl motif with a cyclohexa-3,5-dien-1-one core that is hitherto undescribed in phloroglucinol-derived lipids. Compounds 4 and 10-12 are novel phloroglucinol-derived lipids containing an uncommon methylene interrupted trans double bond in their polyunsaturated aliphatic side chains. A polyketide biogenetic pathway for those phloroglucinol-derived lipids was also proposed. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for their neuroprotective activities against oxygen-glucose deprivation and re‑oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced Neuro-2a cell injury. Notably, compounds 1, 5, and 10-12 significantly improved viability of Neuro-2a cells after OGD/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Song
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Cheng Su
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM & New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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Siddika A, Das PK, Asha SY, Aktar S, Tareq ARM, Siddika A, Rakib A, Islam F, Khanam JA. Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptotic Efficiency of Syzygium cumini Bark Methanolic Extract against EAC Cells In Vivo. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:782-792. [PMID: 32781964 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200811122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syzygium cumini is one of the evidence-based traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments. OBJECTIVES Herein, the antioxidant property and anticancer property of Syzygium cumini against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells were examined to find effective chemotherapeutics. METHODS In vitro assays, and phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were used to determine antioxidant properties and chemical constituents of Syzygium cummini Bark Methanolic Extract (SCBME). Functional assays were used to measure the anticancer activity of SCBME. Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR were used to examine morphological and molecular changes of EAC cells followed by SCBME treatment. RESULTS Phytochemical and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. Accordingly, we have noted a strong antioxidant activity of SCBME with an IC50 value of ~10μg/ml. Importantly, SCBME exerted a dose-dependent anticancer activity with significant inhibition of EAC cell growth (71.08±3.53%; p<0.001), reduction of tumor burden (69.50%; p<0.01) and increase of life span (73.13%; p<0.001) of EAC-bearing mice at 75mg/kg/day. Besides, SCBME restored the blood toxicity towards normal in EAC-bearing mice (p<0.05). DISCUSSION SCBME treated EAC cells showed apoptotic features under a fluorescence microscope and fragmented DNA in DNA laddering assay. Moreover, up-regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax and down-regulation of NF-κB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes implied induction of apoptosis followed by SCBME treatment. CONCLUSION The antiproliferative activity of SCBME against EAC cells is likely due to apoptosis, mediated by regulation of p53 and NF-κB signaling. Thus, SCBME can be considered as a useful resource in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Plabon K Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Saharia Y Asha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abu R M Tareq
- Environmental and Organic Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Siddika
- Institute of Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rakib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Khanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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18
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Chaudhary A, Bag S, Banerjee P, Chatterjee J. Wound healing efficacy of Jamun honey in diabetic mice model through reepithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:529-543. [PMID: 33134129 PMCID: PMC7588338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are frequently afflicted with impaired wound healing where linear progression of molecular and cellular events compromised. Despite of meaningful progress in diabetic treatment, management of diabetic chronic wounds is still challenging. Jamun (Syzygium cumini) honey may be a promising candidate for diabetic wound healing and need to explore in detail. So present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Jamun honey (JH) for diabetic wound healing in in vitro wound (primary fibroblasts) model and in in vivo of diabetic mice (Streptozotocin induced) model. The fibroblast cell model was studied for migratory behaviour and myofibrolasts infiltration under honey interventions via scratch/migration assay, immuno-cytochemistry and western blot. We applied FDA approved Manuka honey (MH) as positive control and JH as test honey to evaluate wound re-epithelialization, sub-epithelial connective tissue modification and angiogenesis via histo-pathological and immuno-histochemical analysis. JH (0.1% v/v) dilution has notably improved wound closure, migration with concomitant α-SMA expressions in vitro. Topical application of JH in diabetic mice model showed significant (*p ≤ 0.05) wound closure, reepithelialization, collagen deposition (I/III) and balanced the myofibroblasts formation. It also modulated vital angiogenic markers (viz HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGF R-II) significantly (*p ≤ 0.05). All these observations depicted that JH promotes sequential stages of wound healing in diabetic mice model. The results of the present study established Jamun honey as good as Manuka honey considering wound closure, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and pro-angiogenic potential.
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Key Words
- Angiogenesis
- DAB, 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine
- DBM, Diabetic mice
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
- Diabetic wound
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EGF, Epidermal growth factor
- EMT, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- HIF 1 α, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α
- IHC, Immuno-histochemistry
- JH, Jamun honey
- Jamun honey
- MH, Manuka honey
- PI, Povidine Iodine
- Reepithelialization
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VG, van Gieson’s
- Wound closure
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chaudhary
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Histopathology Lab, Hospital Phase 2, Tata Medical Center, New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Provas Banerjee
- Banerjees’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Birbhum, Sainthia, 731234, West Bengal, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
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19
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Xu W, Tan J, Mu Y, Zheng D, Huang X, Li L. New antimicrobial terpenoids and phloroglucinol glucosides from Syzygium szemaoense. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Fazil M, Nikhat S, Ali I. An Insight into Unani Hypoglycemic Drugs and Their Mechanism of Action. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:165-176. [PMID: 32679015 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200717143540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus type-II is a major health problem characterized by hypoinsulinemia and insulin resistance, leading to hyperglycemia and its complications. In Unani medicine, it is known as ziyābetus. Several drugs are prescribed in Unani medicine as single and compound formulations for this disease. Most of these drugs have been studied on scientific parameters and shown significant activity in reducing the symptoms and complications of diabetes. OBJECTIVES Critical evaluation of Unani medicines for treating diabetes patients have been conducted. The aim of the study is to provide complete information on this subject with the action of the mechanism so that proper treatment should be done with prospective research. METHODS Unani literature was reviewed extensively via various search engines for the herbs, shrubs used for diabetes treatment. Ten drugs were selected for the present review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There is convincing evidence to suggest that the selected drugs have promising actions against diabetes and its complications. In addition, none of the studies has reported any adverse effects with the drugs. Also, there is evidence to suggest that the method of usage described in Unani medicine may reduce or eliminate adverse events, if any. Further, there is a great need to do more research on making medicine more effective. Besides, the review article is useful for treating patients effectively by advancing the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fazil
- HAK Institute of Literary and Historical Research in Unani Medicine, CCRUM, JMI Campus, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Sadia Nikhat
- Department of Ilaj bit Tadbeer, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi- 110062, India
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
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GC-MS Analysis and Hemolytic, Antipyretic and Antidiarrheal Potential of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Essential Oil. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a spice widely used for its medical properties, though the species lacks scientific evidence regarding its toxicity and biologic effects. The aim of this study was the chemical identification by GC-MS analysis and evaluation of the hemolytic, anticoagulant, antidiarrheal and antipyretic activities of the essential oil from S. aromaticum (EOSa) in adult male mice. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and provided 9.8% v/w yield. GC-MS analyses allowed the identification of nine constituents, with eugenol (84.63%) as the majority. EOSa was diluted in several concentrations (0.005–2 mg/mL) for hemolytic assays, showing hemolytic activity above 20% in concentrations higher than 0.625 mg/mL. Different concentrations of EOSa induced a coagulation time 100% higher than control blood. 50 and 100 mg/kg of EOSa caused additional intestinal motility induced by castor oil by 90–100%. Fever, induced by Saccharomyces cerevisae 15% (s.c.), was controlled by 50 and 100 mg/kg EOSa (p.o.), effects similar to 100 mg/kg dypirone. Results showed that when used orally, EOSa may have a certain degree of toxicity in high dosages, but with antipyretic and intestinal motility properties.
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Ahmed R, Tariq M, Hussain M, Andleeb A, Masoud MS, Ali I, Mraiche F, Hasan A. Phenolic contents-based assessment of therapeutic potential of Syzygium cumini leaves extract. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221318. [PMID: 31465475 PMCID: PMC6715210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) is an evergreen tropical plant that is well recognized for its therapeutic potential of common diseases. In this study, the therapeutic potential and biomedical application of S. cumini are assessed in vitro and in vivo to find its effectiveness for different complications. The methanolic crude extract of S. cumini leaves were screened for total phenolic and flavonoid content. In vitro, the DPPH scavenging assay, XTT assay, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time were used to assess antioxidant, cytoprotective and thrombolytic activity of the S. cumini extract, respectively. The anti-inflammatory potential and the analgesic activity of the S. cumini extract were analyzed in rabbits by the Carrageenan induced paw edema method and the writhing method, respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of considerable amounts of total phenolic (369.75 ± 17.9 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (75.8 ± 5.3 mgRE/g) content in the S. cumini extract. The DPPH assay demonstrated a higher antioxidant potential (IC-50 value of 133 μg/ml), which was comparable to the IC-50 of ascorbic acid (122.4 μg/ml). Moreover, the S. cumini extract showed a dose dependent cytoprotective effect against H2O2 treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). S. cumini also possesses significant anticoagulant activity with a prothrombin time of 28.3 ± 1.8 seconds vs 15.8 ± 0.2 seconds of control, p<0.05. The leaf extract also demonstrated an analgesic effect in rabbits as indicated by the decrease in writhing (12.2 ± 1.7 control vs. 3.7 ± 0.6 treated) and anti-inflammatory activity in rabbits paw with a protection against inflammation of 64.1 ± 2.4%. Our findings suggest that the methanolic extract of S. cumini leaves has antioxidant, cytoprotective, anticoagulant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, and therefore, can be applied for treating cardiovascular diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MT); (AH)
| | - Maria Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | | | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail: (MT); (AH)
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23
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Sobral-Souza CE, Silva ARP, Leite NF, Rocha JE, Sousa AK, Costa JGM, Menezes IRA, Cunha FAB, Rolim LA, Coutinho HDM. Phytotoxicity reduction of the mercury chloride effect by natural products from Eugenia jambolana Lam.: A new strategy against the toxic metal pollution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:461-467. [PMID: 30553924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant, metal chelating and cytoprotective activity of the Eugenia jambolana Lam. extract, as well as of its flavonoid and tannic fractions, against the action of Mercury Chloride (HgCl2). Flavonoids were quantified and an LC-MS chromatographic analysis was performed to identify secondary metabolites. Fe2+ and Fe3+ chelation tests and antioxidant activity were carried out using the FRAP method. Microbiological tests were performed by microdilution to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). From these results the Minimum Bactericidal (MBC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) were evaluated. The allelopathy and cytoprotection assays were performed using eukaryotic and prokaryotic models. The results revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the E. jambolana extract and fractions. The sub-allelopathic concentration (64 μg/mL) was used and the results demonstrated the E. jambolana potential cytoprotective effect against mercury chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestina E Sobral-Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana R P Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Nadghia F Leite
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Janaina E Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda K Sousa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - José G M Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco A B Cunha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Rolim
- Central de Análises de Fármacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luis 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil.
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24
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Badia-Boungou F, Sane F, Alidjinou EK, Hennebelle T, Roumy V, Ngakegni-Limbili AC, Nguimbi E, Moukassa D, Abena AA, Hober D. Aqueous extracts of Syzygium brazzavillense can inhibit the infection with coxsackievirus B4 in vitro. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1210-1216. [PMID: 30788849 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Traditional practitioners commonly use plant crude extracts to treat various diseases in patients with symptoms that can be seen during enterovirus infections. In this study, the antienteroviral activity of medicinal plants from the Republic of Congo has been evaluated in vitro. Through an ethnopharmacological approach, seven plants grouped into six families were identified. Aqueous and organic extracts of various organs from these plants were prepared. The organic extracts at subcytotoxic concentrations did not inhibit the cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by coxsackievirus (CV)B1-5, CVA6, poliovirus type 1, and enterovirus 71. The aqueous extract of Syzygium brazzavillense, but not those of other plants, inhibited the CPE induced by CVB3 and CVB4 at 30 µg/mL (CC50 ; 2800 µg/mL, IC50 ; 0.8 µg/mL) and by CVB2 and poliovirus type 1 at higher concentrations. When aqueous extract of this plant was mixed with CVB4, the replication of the virus was inhibited. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of Syzygium brazzavillense can inhibit the infection with CVB4 and other enteroviruses in vitro. The present ethnopharmacological investigation helped to identify a plant with potential properties useful to combat enterovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Badia-Boungou
- Univ. Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, EA3610, Lille, France.,Hôpital Général de Loandjili, Pointe Noire, République du Congo
| | - Famara Sane
- Univ. Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, EA3610, Lille, France
| | | | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Univ. Lille, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA7394, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Roumy
- Univ. Lille, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, EA7394, Lille, France
| | | | - Etienne Nguimbi
- Université Marien Ngouabi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Brazzaville, République du Congo
| | - Donatien Moukassa
- Université Marien Ngouabi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Brazzaville, République du Congo
| | - Ange Antoine Abena
- Université Marien Ngouabi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Brazzaville, République du Congo
| | - Didier Hober
- Univ. Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, EA3610, Lille, France
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25
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Chua LK, Lim CL, Ling APK, Chye SM, Koh RY. Anticancer Potential of Syzygium Species: a Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:18-27. [PMID: 30535971 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a preventable and treatable disease, however, the incidence rates are on the rise. Classical treatment modalities for cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these are associated with detrimental side effects such as nausea and emesis. Therefore, researchers currently vest interest in complementary and alternative medicines for cancer treatment and prevention. Plants such as Syzygium sp. are a common basis of complementary medicines due to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals. Numerous natural compounds derived from Syzygium sp., such as phenolics, oleanolic acids, and betulinic acids, and dimethyl cardamonins, were reported to have anticancer effects. Many possess the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the vast potential Syzygium sp. harbours as a source of anticancer natural compounds due to its abundance, easy acceptability, affordability and safety for regular consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kee Chua
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chooi Ling Lim
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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26
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Xu J, Liu T, Li Y, Liu W, Ding Z, Ma H, Seeram NP, Mu Y, Huang X, Li L. Jamun (
Eugenia jambolana
Lam.) Fruit Extract Prevents Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiome in High‐Fat‐Diet‐Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801307. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xu
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Ding
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Rhode Island Kingston RI 02881 USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Rhode Island Kingston RI 02881 USA
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial PharmaceuticalsCollege of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110169 P. R. China
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27
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Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30555770 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have a vast potential in the treatment of various ailments due to the presence of therapeutically important phytochemicals. Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and several marketed medications are available to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes. However, these over the counter drugs are expensive and associated with several complications. Herbal medicines are gaining importance as they are cost-effective and also display improved therapeutic effects with lesser side effects. The present review includes the reports available on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes complications. The aim of the review is to categorize and summarize the available information on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties and suggesting outlooks for future research. A systematic search was performed on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties using several search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and other online journals and books. All the plants listed in this review are native to Asian countries and are routinely used by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of various ailments. Based on the literature data available, a total of 81 medicinal plants with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, anti-lipidemic and insulin mimetic properties have been compiled in this review. This review provides useful information about the different medicinal plants for treating diabetes-associated complications. Further research can be carried out to study the active constituents and mechanism of these plants.
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28
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Liu F, Ma H, Wang G, Liu W, Seeram NP, Mu Y, Xu Y, Huang X, Li L. Phenolics from Eugenia jambolana seeds with advanced glycation endproduct formation and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Food Funct 2018; 9:4246-4254. [PMID: 30009284 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Published data suggest that dietary-derived phenolics exert beneficial effects against hyperglycemia-mediated diseases, such as diabetes, through inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme activities. In the course of our investigation on the edible berry, Eugenia jambolana (known as Jamun), 21 phenolics (1-21) were isolated and identified from its seeds. Among these, one compound (1) is new and eleven compounds (3, 6, 9-13, 17, and 19-21) are being reported from E. jambolana for the first time. The anti-AGE activities of thirteen pure isolates (2-7, 9-12, 14, 15, and 20) were either comparable or superior to the synthetic anti-glycation agent, aminoguanidine, at three test concentrations (20, 50, and 100 μM) in the BSA-fructose assay. Most of these phenolics with anti-AGE activity exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay, and attenuated intracellular levels of LPS-induced reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 macrophage. In addition, compounds 2-6, and 14 showed superior α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 5.0-21.2 μM) compared to the clinical α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (IC50 = 289.9 μM). This is the first report of the anti-AGE effects of compounds 2-6 and 9-12, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of compounds 3-6, 9, 11 and 14. The current study supports the role of phenolics in the antidiabetic properties attributed to this edible berry, and warrants further animal studies to evaluate their potential as dietary agents for the prevention and/or therapy of hyperglycemia-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Ajmer Singh Grewal, Neelam Sharma, Sukhbir Singh, Sandeep Arora. Molecular Docking Studies of Phenolic Compounds from Syzygium cumini with Multiple Targets of Type 2 Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15415/jptrm.2018.62009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of type 2 diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. This leads to increasing demand for natural products with antidiabetic activity with fewer side effects. Syzygium cumini is a traditional herbal medicinal plant and is reported to possess a variety of pharmacological actions. It contains various types of chemical constituents including terpenoids, tannins, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Some flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from S. cumini were reported in literature to have type 2 antidiabetic potential. The main objective of the current investigation was in silico screening of some phenolic compounds from S. cumini against multiple targets associated with type 2 diabetes to explore the mechanism of antidiabetic action and prediction of binding mode using molecular docking studies. In silico docking studies were performed for the selected molecules in the binding site of multiple targets associated with type 2 diabetes (α-glucosidas , dipeptidyl peptidase 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3, glucokinase and glucagon receptor). Amongst the compounds tested in silico, rutin showed appreciable binding with multiple targets of type 2 diabetes including α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and glucagon receptor. Catechin was found to inhibit both α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4. This information can be utilized for the design and development of potent multi-functional candidate drugs with minimal side effects for type 2 diabetes therapeuticsa.
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30
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Xu J, Liu T, Li Y, Yuan C, Ma H, Seeram NP, Liu F, Mu Y, Huang X, Li L. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of triterpenoid-enriched Jamun (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:3330-3337. [PMID: 29808185 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The edible berries of Eugenia jambolana Lam. (known as Jamun) are consumed in various parts of the world. Our previous studies revealed that a triterpenoid-enriched Jamun fruit extract (TJFE) showed beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic mice. Herein, the anti-diabetic effects of TJFE (100 mg kg-1 by oral gavage for ten days) were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice. TJFE significantly attenuated STZ-induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, suppressed the abnormal elevation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and improved dyslipidemia in the mice. Histopathology and mechanism-based studies revealed that TJFE preserved the architecture and function of pancreatic islets, attenuated insulin secretion deficiency, enhanced insulin/Akt signaling transduction, reduced lipogenic gene expression, and prevented the abnormal activation of Erk MAPK in the liver tissues of the STZ-induced diabetic mice. The current study adds to previously published data supporting the potential beneficial effects of this edible fruit on diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Assis KS, Araújo IGA, de Azevedo FDLAA, Maciel PMP, Machado Calzerra NT, da Silva TAF, Assis VL, de Vasconcelos AP, Santos CAG, Meireles BRLA, Cordeiro AMTM, Araújo DAM, Ribeiro TP, Medeiros IA. Potassium Channel Activation Is Involved in the Cardiovascular Effects Induced by Freeze Dried Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC Fruit Juice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4827461. [PMID: 30402480 PMCID: PMC6196999 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4827461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to explore the cardiovascular effects induced by freeze-dried juice from Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC fruits (JSJ). JSJ presented high polyphenol content and steroids. HPLC analysis revealed that 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic and caffeic acid were present in higher amounts in the JSJ extract. In rat, JSJ induces hypotension and vasodilatation in mesenteric arteries, with or without vascular endothelium. JSJ-mediated vasodilation response against contractions induced with KCl (60 mM) depolarizing solution was significantly lower than the responses induced by JSJ when evaluated against phenylephrine-induced contractions. To investigate the involvement of potassium channels we used Tyrode's solution with KCl (20 mM) or tetraethylammonium (1.0, 3.0, or 5.0 mM). In these conditions JSJ-induced effects were significantly attenuated. To investigate the potassium channel subtypes involved in the response, we used 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide, BaCl2, and iberiotoxin. In the presence (simultaneous) of different potassium channel blockers we observed a significant attenuation of JSJ-induced effect. Inhibition was also observed when using BaCl2, glibenclamide, or 4-aminopyridine, separately. However, incubation with iberiotoxin did not promote changes in either maximum effect, or potency. We also evidenced a discrete participation of CaV channels in the JSJ-induced vasorelaxant effect. In addition, patch-clamp studies demonstrated that JSJ could activate potassium channels. In conclusion, JSJ promotes hypotension and vasorelaxation in rats, involving, at least, the activation of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kívia S. Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Islania G. A. Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Fátima de L. A. A. de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Priscilla M. P. Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Natália T. Machado Calzerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Tays A. F. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria L. Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Aliny P. de Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. G. Santos
- Centro de Educação e Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Biologia e Química, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) Cuité, Paraíba, 58750-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno R. L. A. Meireles
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento Regional - CTDR, Universidade Federal de Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Angela M. T. M. Cordeiro
- Centro de Educação e Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Biologia e Química, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) Cuité, Paraíba, 58750-000, Brazil
| | - Demetrius A. M. Araújo
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Thais P. Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Isac A. Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos/Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, (CCS)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58059-900, Brazil
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32
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Ren Y, Anaya-Eugenio GD, Czarnecki AA, Ninh TN, Yuan C, Chai HB, Soejarto DD, Burdette JE, de Blanco EJC, Kinghorn AD. Cytotoxic and NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential inhibitory pentacyclic triterpenoids from Syzygium corticosum and their semi-synthetic derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4452-4460. [PMID: 30057155 PMCID: PMC6177235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium is a large genus of flowering plants, with several species, including the clove tree, used as important resources in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In our continuing search for anticancer agents from higher plants, a chloroform extract of the leaves and twigs of Syzygium corticosum collected in Vietnam was found to be active toward the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Separation of this extract guided by HT-29 cells and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition yielded 19 known natural products, including seven triterpenoids, three ellagic acid derivatives, two methylated flavonoids, a cyclohexanone, four megastigmanes, a small lactone, and an aromatic aldehyde. The full stereochemistry of (+)-fouquierol (2) was defined for the first time. Biological investigations showed that (+)-ursolic acid (1) is the major cytotoxic component of S. corticosum, which exhibited also potent activities in the NF-κB and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) inhibition assays conducted, with IC50 values of 31 nM and 3.5 µM, respectively. Several analogues of (+)-ursolic acid (1) were synthesized, and a preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) study indicated that the C-3 hydroxy and C-28 carboxylic acid groups and 19,20-dimethyl substitution are all essential in the mediation of the bioactivities observed for this triterpenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Gerardo D Anaya-Eugenio
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Austin A Czarnecki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Tran Ngoc Ninh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Hee-Byung Chai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Djaja D Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Protective Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Leaf on Oxidative Stress-Induced Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5386079. [PMID: 30046378 PMCID: PMC6038589 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5386079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and cardiometabolic activities due to its high content of polyphenols. We characterized the chemical composition and assessed the antidiabetic effects of a novel polyphenol-rich extract (PESc) obtained from S. cumini leaf. Rats were injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg, ip, ALX group) and followed up for 7 days. Some were orally treated with PESc (50 mg/kg/day) for 7 days before and after diabetes induction (ALX-PP) or only for 7 days after alloxan injection (ALX-P). ALX-P and ALX-PP decreased fasting glycemia in 37 and 43%, respectively, as compared to ALX. Triglycerides and total cholesterol serum levels were also significantly reduced in comparison to ALX. PESc presented high polyphenol concentration (71.78 ± 8.57 GAE/100 g), with flavonoid content of 8.21 ± 0.42 QE/100 g. Upon HPLC-MS/MS and MS/MS studies, five main polyphenols-gallic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and its derivatives-were identified. Myricetin was predominant (192.70 ± 16.50 μg/mg PESc), followed by measurable amounts of gallic acid (11.15 ± 0.90 μg/mg PESc) and quercetin (4.72 ± 0.06 μg/mg PESc). Kinetic assessment of total antioxidant capacity revealed PESc high potency, since maximum response was reached within 5 min reaction time in a concentration-dependent manner. Specific antioxidant activity of PESc was assessed against both DPPH• and ABTS•+, showing strong activity (IC50: 3.88 ± 1.09 and 5.98 ± 1.19 μg/mL, resp.). PESc also inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC50: 27.63 ± 8.47), confirming its antioxidant activity also on biologically relevant radicals. Finally, PESc induced insulin secretion by directly stimulating INS-1E β cells in the absence of any cytotoxic effect. Overall, our results support that PESc is a potent antioxidant phytocomplex with potential pharmacological use as a preventive antidiabetic natural product.
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Fabio DSM, Antonio FSC, Elismar DCM, Rachel MR, Antonio CRB, Marilene ODRB. Antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity of leaves of Syzygium cumini L. (Myrtaceae) mediated through calcium channel blockage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2017.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chhikara N, Kaur R, Jaglan S, Sharma P, Gat Y, Panghal A. Bioactive compounds and pharmacological and food applications of Syzygium cumini– a review. Food Funct 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00654g pmid: 30379170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present review explores the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological potential as well as diverse food usages ofSyzygium cumini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnidhi Chhikara
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Division of Microbial Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR
- India
| | | | - Yogesh Gat
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
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Chhikara N, Kaur R, Jaglan S, Sharma P, Gat Y, Panghal A. Bioactive compounds and pharmacological and food applications ofSyzygium cumini– a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:6096-6115. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present review explores the nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological potential as well as diverse food usages ofSyzygium cumini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnidhi Chhikara
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Division of Microbial Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR
- India
| | | | - Yogesh Gat
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition
- Lovely Professional University
- India
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Bitencourt PER, Cargnelutti LO, Stein CS, Lautenchleger R, Ferreira LM, Sangoi M, Denardi L, Borges RM, Boligon A, Moresco RN, Cruz L, Zanette RA, Alves SH, Moretto MB. Nanoparticle formulation increases Syzygium cumini antioxidant activity in Candida albicans-infected diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1082-1088. [PMID: 28193098 PMCID: PMC6130601 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1283338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, studies on the use of this plant and of nanoparticle formulations against DM-related fungal infections are scarce. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the treatments with aqueous seed extract of S. cumini (ASc) and ASc-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPASc) on biochemical parameters in Candida albicans-infected diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: Control, DM, C. albicans, C. albicans + ASc, C. albicans + NPASc, DM + C. albicans, DM + C. albicans + ASc and DM + C. albicans + NPASc. Rats were daily treated with ASc or NPASc (100 mg/kg) for 21 days. Biochemical parameters in serum and urine, advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and TBARS levels in the serum, kidney, liver and pancreas and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities in kidney and urine were evaluated. RESULTS Biochemical and oxidative stress parameters increased in rats with DM and/or candidiasis. NPASc was more effective than ASc in decreasing glucose (56%), cholesterol (33%) and creatinine (51%) levels; serum (16%) and pancreatic (46%) AOPP and renal (48%) TBARS levels when compared with DM + C. albicans group. In C. albicans group, both treatments decreased NAG activity but did not decrease creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the use of nanotechnology is able to improve plant extract properties such as antioxidant activity that may be useful in diabetes-related complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/isolation & purification
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/urine
- Candida albicans/drug effects
- Candidiasis/blood
- Candidiasis/drug therapy
- Candidiasis/microbiology
- Candidiasis/urine
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/urine
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine
- Drug Compounding
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Nanoparticles
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Wistar
- Seeds
- Solvents/chemistry
- Streptozocin
- Syzygium/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula E. R. Bitencourt
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Lariane O. Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carolina S. Stein
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Raquel Lautenchleger
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luana M. Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Manuela Sangoi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Laura Denardi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Raphaela M. Borges
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Aline Boligon
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rafael N. Moresco
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Régis A. Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sydney H. Alves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Moretto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Liu F, Liu C, Liu W, Ding Z, Ma H, Seeram NP, Xu L, Mu Y, Huang X, Li L. New Sesquiterpenoids from Eugenia jambolana Seeds and Their Anti-microbial Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10214-10222. [PMID: 29140690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Twenty four sesquiterpenoids, 1-24, including 11 new sesquiterpenoids, jambolanins A-K, and two new norsesquiterpenoids, jambolanes A and B, along with six known triterpenoids, were isolated from the seeds of Eugenia jambolana fruit. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS spectrometry data analysis. Among the isolates, compound 13 possessed a rare 6,7-seco-guaiene skeleton, and compounds 14 and 15 were norsesquiterpenoids containing a spiro[4.4]nonane skeleton. Antimicrobial assay evaluation revealed that sesquiterpenoids, 4, 5/6, 17, 19, 21, 23, and 24 inhibited the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. The current study advances scientific knowledge of E. jambolana phytochemicals and suggests that its sesquiterpenoids may contribute, in part, to the anti-infective effects attributed to the edible fruit of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Ding
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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Kim W, Kang J, Lee S, Youn B. Effects of traditional oriental medicines as anti-cytotoxic agents in radiotherapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4593-4601. [PMID: 28599460 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of radiotherapy in oncology is to enhance the efficacy of tumor cell death while decreasing damage to surrounding normal cells. Positive therapeutic outcomes may be accomplished by improved targeting, precisely targeting tumor cells or protecting normal cells against radiation-induced damage. The potential for antioxidants to decrease normal tissue damage induced by radiation has been investigated in animal models for a number of decades. In attempts for radioprotection, certain synthetic chemicals are suggested as antioxidants and normal tissue protectors against radiation-induced damage, but they have exhibited limitations in pharmacological application due to undesirable effects and high toxicities at clinical doses. The present review focuses on the radioprotective efficacy of traditional oriental medicines with the advantage of low toxicity at pharmacological doses and how such treatments may influence various harmful effects induced by radiation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, medicinal plants and their active constituents with biological activities that may be associated with alleviation of radiation-induced damage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and immunostimulatory properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Buhyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Liu F, Yuan T, Liu W, Ma H, Seeram NP, Li Y, Xu L, Mu Y, Huang X, Li L. Phloroglucinol Derivatives with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitory Activities from Eugenia jambolana Seeds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:544-550. [PMID: 28134521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new phloroglucinol derivatives, jamunones A-O (1-8 and 10-16, respectively), along with one known analogue spiralisone C (9), were isolated from Eugenia jambolana seeds. Their structures were elucidated by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1-9, 11, 12, and 14-16 inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.42 to 3.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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41
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Chemical composition and anti-hyperglycaemic effects of triterpenoid enriched Eugenia jambolana Lam. berry extract. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Baldissera G, Sperotto NDM, Rosa HT, Henn JG, Peres VF, Moura DJ, Roehrs R, Denardin ELG, Dal Lago P, Nunes RB, Saffi J. Effects of crude hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves and continuous aerobic training in rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and low doses of streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:1012-1021. [PMID: 27794509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) or Skeels (Myrtaceae) are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluated the functional capacity, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage from eight weeks of intervention with a crude hydroalcoholic extract of S. cumini leaves (EBH) and continuous aerobic training (TAC) in diabetic (D) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hydroalcoholic (50%) extract was prepared by ultrasound and phytochemical parameters (total phenols, total tannins and myricetin content) were analyzed. Thirty-seven male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normoglycemic controls (CONT), diabetic controls (D-CONT), diabetics treated with extract (D+EBH), trained diabetic (D+TAC) and diabetics treated with extract and trained (D+EBH+TAC). Functional capacity was assessed with a maximum exercise capacity test; biochemical parameters with enzymatic kits; oxidative stress by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidized dichlorofluorescein (DCF), and the DNA damage by the comet assay. RESULTS The D+TAC and D+EBH+TAC groups showed better functional capacity at the end of interventions. The D+EBH group showed glucose and triglyceride reduction, lowest DNA damage index in the blood, liver, kidney, heart, lung and gastrocnemius muscle, improved SOD levels in the liver, kidney and lung, improved CAT levels in the kidney and lower lipid peroxidation in all tissues studied, compared to the D-CONT group. The exercise (D+TAC) was effective in reducing triglycerides, improving SOD levels in the lung, reducing lipid peroxidation in all tissues studied and reducing the DCF oxidation in the kidney, in addition to protecting against DNA damage in the blood and heart. However, the additive effect of the intervention protocols when combined (EBH+TAC) was observed only in improving the gastrocnemius SOD levels. The phytochemical analyses showed a high content of phenols and the presence of myricetin glycosides. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest a crude hydroalcoholic extract of S. cumini leaves has potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and protective properties acting against oxidative stress and against DNA damage, probably due to its phenols and myricetin glycoside content and the antioxidant properties of these constituents. Moreover, exercise was suggested to have beneficial effects on diabetes, improving functional capacity, ameliorating blood triglyceride control and decreasing lipid peroxidation, but with no effects on ameliorating blood glucose levels. The association of intervention protocols presented an additive effect on the antioxidant SOD activity in the muscle cells of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baldissera
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | | | - H T Rosa
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - J G Henn
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - V F Peres
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - D J Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - R Roehrs
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Natural Products - Federal University of Pampa, Brazil
| | - E L G Denardin
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Natural Products - Federal University of Pampa, Brazil
| | - P Dal Lago
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - R B Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology - UFCSPA, Brazil
| | - J Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology - UFCSPA, Brazil.
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Bitencourt PER, Bona KSD, Cargnelutti LO, Bonfanti G, Pigatto A, Boligon A, Athayde ML, Pierezan F, Zanette RA, Moretto MB. Syzygium cumini seed extract ameliorates adenosine deaminase activity and biochemical parameters but does not alter insulin sensitivity and pancreas architecture in a short-term model of diabetes. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 12:187-93. [PMID: 25955284 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini (ASc) in a short-term model of diabetes in rats are little explored. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the ASc on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and on biochemical and histopathological parameters in diabetic rats. METHODS ASc (100 mg/kg) was administered for 21 days in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg) diabetic rats. ADA activity, lipoperoxidation (cerebral cortex, kidney, liver and pancreas) and biochemical (serum) and histopathological (pancreas) parameters were evaluated. RESULTS The main findings in this short-term model of Diabetes mellitus (DM) were that the ASc (i) significantly reverted the increase of ADA activity in serum and kidney; (ii) ameliorated the lipoperoxidation in the cerebral cortex and pancreas of the diabetic group; (iii) demonstrated hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties and recovered the liver glycogen; and iv) prevented the HOMA-IR index increase in the diabetic group. Therefore, the ASc can be a positive factor for increasing the availability of substrates with significant protective actions, such as adenosine. Moreover, by maintaining glycogen and HOMA-IR levels, the extract could modulate the hyperglycemic state through the direct peripheral glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that the short-term treatment with ASc has an important protective role under pathophysiological conditions caused by the early stage of DM. These results enhance our understanding of the effect of the ASc on the purinergic system in DM.
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Tavares IMDC, Lago-Vanzela ES, Rebello LPG, Ramos AM, Gómez-Alonso S, García-Romero E, Da-Silva R, Hermosín-Gutiérrez I. Comprehensive study of the phenolic composition of the edible parts of jambolan fruit (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels). Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M. Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Effects of Edible Berries: A Focus on Colon Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2016; 21:169. [PMID: 26840292 PMCID: PMC6273426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases across the world. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that diets rich in fruit, such as berries, provide significant health benefits against several types of cancer, including colon cancer. The anticancer activities of berries are attributed to their high content of phytochemicals and to their relevant antioxidant properties. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that berries and their bioactive components exert therapeutic and preventive effects against colon cancer by the suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation and angiogenesis, through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways such as NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/PKB/mTOR, and ERK/MAPK. Based on the exciting outcomes of preclinical studies, a few berries have advanced to the clinical phase. A limited number of human studies have shown that consumption of berries can prevent colorectal cancer, especially in patients at high risk (familial adenopolyposis or aberrant crypt foci, and inflammatory bowel diseases). In this review, we aim to highlight the findings of berries and their bioactive compounds in colon cancer from in vitro and in vivo studies, both on animals and humans. Thus, this review could be a useful step towards the next phase of berry research in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla 18100, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla 18100, Spain.
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander 39011, Spain.
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Chagas VT, França LM, Malik S, Paes AMDA. Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels: a prominent source of bioactive molecules against cardiometabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:259. [PMID: 26578965 PMCID: PMC4630574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is a worldwide medicinal plant traditionally used in herbal medicines due to its vaunted properties against cardiometabolic disorders, which include: antihyperglycemic, hypolipemiant, antiinflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant activities. These properties have been attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in different parts of the plant, albeit the knowledge on their mechanisms of action is scarce. This mini-review highlights the cardiometabolic properties of S. cumini by correlating its already identified phytochemicals with their described mechanisms of action. Data herein compiled show that some compounds target multiple metabolic pathways; thereby, becoming potential pharmacological tools. Moreover, the lack of clinical trials on S. cumini usage makes it a fruitful field of interest for both scientific community and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicyus Teles Chagas
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Sonia Malik
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
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Sawant L, Singh VK, Dethe S, Bhaskar A, Balachandran J, Mundkinajeddu D, Agarwal A. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory active compounds from Syzygium cumini seeds. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1176-1182. [PMID: 25853967 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.967784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as jamun, is an Indian plant, traditionally well known for its medicinal properties including antidiabetic activity. OBJECTIVE To isolate the antidiabetic compounds from Syzygium cumini seeds and evaluate their activity using aldose reductase (AR) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried seeds were extracted with methanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The extracts were screened for antidiabetic activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL using in vitro AR and PTP 1B inhibition assays. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The highly enriched fractions obtained from broad ethyl acetate fraction yielded maslinic acid (1), 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (2), gallic acid (3), valoneic acid dilactone (4), rubuphenol (5), and ellagic acid (6). Structures were elucidated by (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR. The initial ethyl acetate fraction showed AR inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 2.50 μg/mL and PTP1B enzyme inhibition with the IC50 value of 26.36 μg/mL. Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 6 were found to inhibit AR with IC50 values of 0.77, 0.075, 0.165, and 0.12 μg/mL while the compounds 4, 5, and 6 inhibited PTP1B with IC50 values of 9.37, 28.14, and 25.96 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that the isolated constituents show promising in vitro antidiabetic activity and, therefore, can be candidates for in vivo biological screening using relevant models to ascertain their antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Sawant
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. , Bangalore, Karnataka , India
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Gavillán-Suárez J, Aguilar-Perez A, Rivera-Ortiz N, Rodríguez-Tirado K, Figueroa-Cuilan W, Morales-Santiago L, Maldonado-Martínez G, Cubano LA, Martínez-Montemayor MM. Chemical profile and in vivo hypoglycemic effects of Syzygium jambos, Costus speciosus and Tapeinochilos ananassae plant extracts used as diabetes adjuvants in Puerto Rico. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26198986 PMCID: PMC4511456 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing numbers of people who use plant-based remedies as alternative or complementary medicine call for the validation of less known herbal formulations used to treat their ailments. Since Puerto Rico has the highest rate of Type 2 diabetes within all the states and territories of the United States, and Puerto Ricans commonly use plants as diabetes adjuvants, it is important to study the plants' physiological effects, and identify their bioactive compounds to understand their role in modulation of blood glucose levels. We present the phytochemical profiles and hypoglycemic effects of Tapeinochilus ananassae, Costus speciosus and Syzygium jambos. METHODS Phytochemicals in methanolic and aqueous extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Alkaloids (Bromocresol green, λ=470 nm), flavonoids (AlCl3, λ=415 nm), saponins (DNS, λ=760 nm), tannins (FeCl3/K4Fe(CN)6, λ=395 nm) and phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteau, λ=765 nm) were quantified. Male C57BLKS/J (db/db) and C57BL/J (ob/ob) genetically obese mice were orally gavaged with aqueous extracts of lyophilized plant decoctions for 10 wks. RESULTS Our results show that T. ananassae had significantly greater amounts of flavonoids and tannins, while S. jambos showed the greatest concentration of phenolics and C. speciosus exhibited higher amounts of alkaloids. C57BLKS/J db/db treated with plant extracts show better glucose modulation when the extracts are administered in complement with an insulin injection. Finally, C57BL/J ob/ob mice on T. ananassae and S. jambos treatments show better blood glucose modulation over time. CONCLUSION These results document for the first time the chemical profile of T. ananassae and provide evidence for a potential anti-diabetic efficacy of T. ananassae and S. jambos.
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Rodrigues KADF, Amorim LV, Dias CN, Moraes DFC, Carneiro SMP, Carvalho FADA. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels essential oil and its major constituent α-pinene exhibit anti-Leishmania activity through immunomodulation in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 160:32-40. [PMID: 25460590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as "jambolão" in Brazil is widely used in folk medicine against leishmaniasis, inflammation, chronic diarrhea, and ulcers. It is one of the most commonly used plants for the treatment of diabetes worldwide. In previous studies, Syzygium cumini was shown to possess antihyperlipidemic and anti-allergic properties, and to exhibit good performance as an antimicrobial agent against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa parasites of the genus Leishmania and Trypanosoma. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of S. cumini essential oil (ScEO) and its major component α-pinene on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, as well as their cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the anti-proliferative effect on Leishmania, effects on promastigote and axenic amastigote forms were assessed using tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. The intramacrophagic amastigotes were exposed to ScEO and α-pinene to determine the survival index. To gain insight into the mechanism of action involved in the effect on the samples, we evaluated the modulation of macrophage activation state by observing structural (phagocytic and lysosomal activities) and cellular (nitric oxide increase) changes. To assess the safety profile of ScEO and α-pinene, murine macrophages and human red blood cells were treated with ScEO and α-pinene and the selectivity index was calculated for each treatment. RESULTS α-Pinene was effective against Leishmania amazonensis promastigote forms, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 19.7µg/mL. α-Pinene was more active (IC50 values of 16.1 and 15.6µg/mL against axenic and intracellular amastigotes, respectively) than ScEO (IC50 values of 43.9 and 38.1µg/mL against axenic and intracellular amastigotes, respectively). Our results showed that the anti-Leishmania effects were mediated by immunomodulatory activity, as evidenced by the observed increases in both phagocytic and lysosomal activity, and the elevated NO levels. ScEO and α-pinene exhibited low cytotoxicity against murine macrophages and human erythrocytes. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values for the macrophages in the MTT assay were 614.1 and 425.2µg/mL for ScEO and α-pinene, respectively, while the corresponding half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC50) values were 874.3 and 233.3µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results demonstrate that ScEO and its major constituent α-pinene have significant anti-Leishmania activity, modulated by macrophage activation, with acceptable levels of cytotoxicity in murine macrophages and human erythrocytes. Further work is warranted, involving more in-depth mechanistic studies and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Layane Valéria Amorim
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.
| | - Clarice Noleto Dias
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy II, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | | | - Sabrina Maria Portela Carneiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Eshwarappa RSB, Iyer RS, Subbaramaiah SR, Richard SA, Dhananjaya BL. Antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaf gall extracts. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2014; 4:101-7. [PMID: 25035854 PMCID: PMC4097971 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2014.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Free radicals are implicated in several metabolic diseases and the medicinal properties of plants have been explored for their potent antioxidant activities to counteract metabolic disorders. This research highlights the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of leaf gall extracts (aqueous and methanol) of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini), which have been extensively used in traditional medications to treat various metabolic diseases. METHODS The antioxidant activities of leaf gall extracts were examined using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide scavenging, hydroxyl scavenging and ferric reducing power (FRAP) methods. RESULTS In all the methods, the methanolic extract showed higher antioxidant potential than the standard ascorbic acid. The presence of phenolics, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenoids, and reducing sugars was identified in both the extracts. When compared, the methanol extract had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents at 474±2.2 mg of GAE/g d.w and 668±1.4 mg of QUE/g d.w, respectively. The significant high antioxidant activity can be positively correlated to the high content of total polyphenols/flavonoids of the methanol extract. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the folklore use of S. cumini leaves gall extracts as a natural antioxidant and justifies its ethnobotanical use. Further, the result of antioxidant properties encourages the use of S. cumini leaf gall extracts for medicinal health, functional food and nutraceuticals applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankara Birur Eshwarappa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
- Research Unit in Vrukshayurveda, Center for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India
- PG Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sundara Rajan Subbaramaiah
- Research Unit in Vrukshayurveda, Center for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - S Austin Richard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies (CET), Jain University, Ramanagara, India
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