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Rathaus M, Azem L, Livne R, Ron S, Ron I, Hadar R, Efroni G, Amir A, Braun T, Haberman Y, Tirosh A. Long-term metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101985. [PMID: 38977130 PMCID: PMC11347859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive consumption of added sugars has been linked to the rise in obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) offer a potential solution to reduce sugar intake, yet their metabolic safety remains debated. This study aimed to systematically assess the long-term metabolic effects of commonly used NNSs under both normal and obesogenic conditions. METHODS To ensure consistent sweetness level and controlling for the acceptable daily intake (ADI), eight weeks old C57BL/6 male mice were administered with acesulfame K (ace K, 535.25 mg/L), aspartame (411.75 mg/L), sucralose (179.5 mg/L), saccharin (80 mg/L), or steviol glycoside (Reb M, 536.25 mg/L) in the drinking water, on the background of either regular or high-fat diets (in high fat diet 60% of calories from fat). Water or fructose-sweetened water (82.3.gr/L), were used as controls. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, as well as microbiome composition, were analyzed following 20-weeks of exposure. RESULTS Under a regular chow diet, chronic NNS consumption did not significantly affect body weight, fat mass, or glucose metabolism as compared to water consumption, with aspartame demonstrating decreased glucose tolerance. In diet-induced obesity, NNS exposure did not increase body weight or alter food intake. Exposure to sucralose and Reb M led to improved insulin sensitivity and decreased weight gain. Reb M specifically was associated with increased prevalence of colonic Lachnospiracea bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Long-term consumption of commonly used NNSs does not induce adverse metabolic effects, with Reb M demonstrating a mild improvement in metabolic abnormalities. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolic impact of different NNSs, aiding in the development of strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Rathaus
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Loziana Azem
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rinat Livne
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sophie Ron
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Idit Ron
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rotem Hadar
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gilat Efroni
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Amnon Amir
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tzipi Braun
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yael Haberman
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amir Tirosh
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Wang X, Guo L, Zheng L, Zhao W, Li L. Natural Sweetener Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoglucuronide Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Healthy Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3483-3494. [PMID: 38346790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Noncaloric or low-caloric sweeteners have become popular worldwide, although debates persist regarding their impact on health. To investigate whether the sweeteners are favorable for glucose homeostasis, our study assessed the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid monoglucuronide (GAMG) and several commonly used sweeteners [glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), stevioside, erythritol, sucralose, and aspartame] on glycometabolism and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to different sweeteners for 10 weeks, and our results showed that GAMG significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (FBG-control: 3.81 ± 0.42 mmol/L; FBG-GAMG: 3.37 ± 0.38 mmol/L; p < 0.05) and the blood glucose levels 15 and 30 min after sucrose or maltose loading (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it improved glucose tolerance (p = 0.028) and enhanced insulin sensitivity (p = 0.044), while the other sweeteners had negligible or adverse effects on glucose homeostasis. Subsequent experiments showed that GAMG inhibited α-glucosidases potently (IC50 = 0.879 mg·mL-1), increased three SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs levels (p < 0.05), and promoted the gene expression of SCFA receptor GPR43 (p = 0.018). These results suggest that GAMG may regulate blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidases and modulating gut microbial SCFAs. Our findings prove that GAMG, beneficial to blood glucose regulation, is a promising natural sweetener for future utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lichun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Libing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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3
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Cai S, Xie N, Zheng L, Li Q, Zhang S, Huang Q, Luo W, Wu M, Wang Y, Du Y, Deng SP, Cai L. Sweet taste receptors play roles in artificial sweetener-induced enhanced urine output in mice. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:2. [PMID: 38182603 PMCID: PMC10770165 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet taste receptors found in oral and extra oral tissues play important roles in the regulation of many physiological functions. Studies have shown that urine volume increases during the lifetime exposure to artificial sweeteners. However, the detailed molecular mechanism and the general effects of different artificial sweeteners exposure on urine volume remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between urinary excretion and the sweet taste receptor expression in mice after three artificial sweeteners exposure in a higher or lower concentration via animal behavioral studies, western blotting, and real-time quantitative PCR experiment in rodent model. Our results showed that high dose of acesulfame potassium and saccharin can significantly enhance the urine output and there was a positive correlation between K+ and urination volume. The acesulfame potassium administration assay of T1R3 knockout mice showed that artificial sweeteners may affect the urine output directly through the sweet taste signaling pathway. The expression of T1R3 encoding gene can be up-regulated specifically in bladder but not in kidney or other organs we tested. Through our study, the sweet taste receptors, distributing in many tissues as bladder, were indicated to function in the enhanced urine output. Different effects of long-term exposure to the three artificial sweeteners were shown and acesulfame potassium increased urine output even at a very low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Ningning Xie
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, PR China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Quan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Mei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Yilun Du
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Shao-Ping Deng
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Lei Cai
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
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4
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Sugar reduction in beverages: Current trends and new perspectives from sensory and health viewpoints. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Suez J, Cohen Y, Valdés-Mas R, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Federici S, Zmora N, Leshem A, Heinemann M, Linevsky R, Zur M, Ben-Zeev Brik R, Bukimer A, Eliyahu-Miller S, Metz A, Fischbein R, Sharov O, Malitsky S, Itkin M, Stettner N, Harmelin A, Shapiro H, Stein-Thoeringer CK, Segal E, Elinav E. Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance. Cell 2022; 185:3307-3328.e19. [PMID: 35987213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly integrated into human diet and presumed to be inert; however, animal studies suggest that they may impact the microbiome and downstream glycemic responses. We causally assessed NNS impacts in humans and their microbiomes in a randomized-controlled trial encompassing 120 healthy adults, administered saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, and stevia sachets for 2 weeks in doses lower than the acceptable daily intake, compared with controls receiving sachet-contained vehicle glucose or no supplement. As groups, each administered NNS distinctly altered stool and oral microbiome and plasma metabolome, whereas saccharin and sucralose significantly impaired glycemic responses. Importantly, gnotobiotic mice conventionalized with microbiomes from multiple top and bottom responders of each of the four NNS-supplemented groups featured glycemic responses largely reflecting those noted in respective human donors, which were preempted by distinct microbial signals, as exemplified by sucralose. Collectively, human NNS consumption may induce person-specific, microbiome-dependent glycemic alterations, necessitating future assessment of clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotham Suez
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Yotam Cohen
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rafael Valdés-Mas
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Uria Mor
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mally Dori-Bachash
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sara Federici
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Niv Zmora
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; Internal Medicine Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Avner Leshem
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Melina Heinemann
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Raquel Linevsky
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Zur
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rotem Ben-Zeev Brik
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Aurelie Bukimer
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shimrit Eliyahu-Miller
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alona Metz
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ruthy Fischbein
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Olga Sharov
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alon Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
- Microbiome & Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Microbiome & Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Zhang X, Gu J, Zhao C, Hu Y, Zhang B, Wang J, Lv H, Ji X, Wang S. Sweeteners Maintain Epithelial Barrier Function Through the miR-15b/RECK/MMP-9 Axis, Remodel Microbial Homeostasis, and Attenuate Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:171-183. [PMID: 34962394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-nutritive sweeteners are the most widely used food additives designed to provide sweetness and reduce caloric intake. Studies have confirmed a link between sweeteners and colitis, yet supporting scientific data remain exiguous and controversial. In this study, three common sweeteners (Saccharin sodium, Stevioside, and Sucralose) in acceptable daily intake dosage were added to water in order to determine their effects on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Our results show that the three sweeteners meliorate colitis to varying degrees─Saccharin exerts the most pronounced effect, followed by Stevioside and Sucralose. Intake of sweeteners alleviates colitis symptoms, alters gut microbiota, reshapes the TH17/Treg balance, protects the intestinal barrier, and reduces inflammation. Most significantly, sweeteners can enhance the abundance of Mucispirillum and Alistipes, which are conducive to colitis recovery, and upregulate the expression of E-cadherin through the miR-15b/RECK/MMP-9 axis to improve intestinal barrier integrity. Moreover, by inhibiting the MMP-9/AKT/NF-κB pathway, inflammation is relieved, as reflected in the restoration of the Th17/Treg balance. Our results link the consumption of sweeteners to the remission of colitis, which provides new scientific evidence for the safe use of sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jiaxin Gu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Congying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huan Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Serrano J, Smith KR, Crouch AL, Sharma V, Yi F, Vargova V, LaMoia TE, Dupont LM, Serna V, Tang F, Gomes-Dias L, Blakeslee JJ, Hatzakis E, Peterson SN, Anderson M, Pratley RE, Kyriazis GA. High-dose saccharin supplementation does not induce gut microbiota changes or glucose intolerance in healthy humans and mice. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:11. [PMID: 33431052 PMCID: PMC7802287 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NCAS) are widely used as a substitute for dietary sugars to control body weight or glycemia. Paradoxically, some interventional studies in humans and rodents have shown unfavorable changes in glucose homeostasis in response to NCAS consumption. The causative mechanisms are largely unknown, but adverse changes in gut microbiota have been proposed to mediate these effects. These findings have raised concerns about NCAS safety and called into question their broad use, but further physiological and dietary considerations must be first addressed before these results are generalized. We also reasoned that, since NCAS are bona fide ligands for sweet taste receptors (STRs) expressed in the intestine, some metabolic effects associated with NCAS use could be attributed to a common mechanism involving the host. RESULTS We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel arm study exploring the effects of pure saccharin compound on gut microbiota and glucose tolerance in healthy men and women. Participants were randomized to placebo, saccharin, lactisole (STR inhibitor), or saccharin with lactisole administered in capsules twice daily to achieve the maximum acceptable daily intake for 2 weeks. In parallel, we performed a 10-week study administering pure saccharin at a high dose in the drinking water of chow-fed mice with genetic ablation of STRs (T1R2-KO) and wild-type (WT) littermate controls. In humans and mice, none of the interventions affected glucose or hormonal responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or glucose absorption in mice. Similarly, pure saccharin supplementation did not alter microbial diversity or composition at any taxonomic level in humans and mice alike. No treatment effects were also noted in readouts of microbial activity such as fecal metabolites or short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). However, compared to WT, T1R2-KO mice were protected from age-dependent increases in fecal SCFA and the development of glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS Short-term saccharin consumption at maximum acceptable levels is not sufficient to alter gut microbiota or induce glucose intolerance in apparently healthy humans and mice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number NCT03032640 , registered on January 26, 2017. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Kathleen R. Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Audra L. Crouch
- Department of Microbiology, College of Arts & Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent-Health, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Veronika Vargova
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent-Health, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Traci E. LaMoia
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Lydia M. Dupont
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Vanida Serna
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Fenfen Tang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Laisa Gomes-Dias
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, College of Food, Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Joshua J. Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, College of Food, Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Scott N. Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, College of Arts & Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Richard E. Pratley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent-Health, Orlando, FL USA
| | - George A. Kyriazis
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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8
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Glendinning JI, Hart S, Lee H, Maleh J, Ortiz G, Ryu YS, Sanchez A, Shelling S, Williams N. Low-calorie sweeteners cause only limited metabolic effects in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R70-R80. [PMID: 31693385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00245.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are widespread concerns that low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) cause metabolic derangement. These concerns stem in part from prior studies linking LCS consumption to impaired glucose tolerance in humans and rodents. Here, we examined this linkage in mice. In experiment 1, we provided mice with chow, water, and an LCS-sweetened solution (saccharin, sucralose, or acesulfame K) for 28 days and measured glucose tolerance and body weight across the exposure period. Exposure to the LCS solutions did not impair glucose tolerance or alter weight gain. In experiment 2, we provided mice with chow, water, and a solution containing saccharin, glucose, or a mixture of both for 28 days, and tested for metabolic changes. Exposure to the saccharin solution increased the insulinemic response of mice to the glucose challenge, and exposure to the saccharin + glucose solution increased the rate of glucose uptake during the glucose challenge. However, neither of these test solutions altered glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, plasma triglycerides, or percent body fat. In contrast, exposure to the glucose solution increased glucose tolerance, early insulin response, insulin sensitivity, and percent body fat. We conclude that whereas the LCS-containing solutions induced a few metabolic changes, they were modest compared with those induced by the glucose solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Glendinning
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephanie Hart
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hyunseo Lee
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Maleh
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gabriella Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Young Sang Ryu
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Abdias Sanchez
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Shelling
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Niki Williams
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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