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Hiramoto K, Kubo S, Tsuji K, Sugiyama D, Hamano H. Induction of Skin Cancer by Long-Term Blue Light Irradiation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2321. [PMID: 37626816 PMCID: PMC10452187 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, people are not only exposed to sunlight but also to a large amount of blue light from personal computers and smartphones. This blue light has various effects on the living body. However, its effect on the induction of skin cancer is unknown. In this study, we investigated the induction of skin cancer by long-term blue light irradiation. Hairless mice were irradiated with blue light (LED; peak emission 479 nm) every day for one year, and a control was irradiated with white light (LED), green light (LED; peak emission 538 nm), and red light (LED; peak emission 629 nm) for one year, respectively. Skin cancer was induced only in the mice exposed to blue light. Long-term blue light irradiation also increased the migration of neutrophils and macrophages involved in carcinogenesis in the skin. In neutrophils, an increased expression of citH3 and PAD4 was observed, suggesting the possibility of NETosis. Conversely, in macrophages, inflammatory macrophages (type 1 macrophages) increased and anti-inflammatory macrophages (type 2 macrophages) decreased due to continuous blue light irradiation. These findings suggest that long-term continuous irradiation with blue light induces neutrophil NETosis and an increase in type 1 macrophages, resulting in skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kubo
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Keiko Tsuji
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Daijiro Sugiyama
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideo Hamano
- Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 140-8170, Japan; (S.K.); (K.T.); (D.S.); (H.H.)
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2
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Effects and Mechanism of the Leontopodium alpinum Callus Culture Extract on Blue Light Damage in Human Foreskin Fibroblasts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052172. [PMID: 36903418 PMCID: PMC10004670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leontopodium alpinum is an important source of raw material for food, medicine, and modern cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to develop a new application for protection against blue light damage. To investigate the effects and mechanism of action of Leontopodium alpinum callus culture extract (LACCE) on blue light damage, a blue-light-induced human foreskin fibroblast damage model was established. The contents of collagen (COL-I), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), and opsin 3 (OPN3) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blotting. The calcium influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured via flow cytometry and the results showed that the LACCE (10-15 mg/mL) promoted the production of COL-I, inhibited the secretion of MMP-1, OPN3, ROS and calcium influx, and may play a role in inhibiting the activation of blue light on the OPN3-calcium pathway. Thereafter, high-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to quantitatively analyze the contents of nine active ingredients in the LACCE. The results indicated that LACCE has an anti-blue-light-damage effect and provides theoretical support for the development of new raw materials in the natural food, medicine, and skin care industries.
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Ceresnie MS, Patel J, Lim HW, Kohli I. The cutaneous effects of blue light from electronic devices: a systematic review with health hazard identification. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:457-464. [PMID: 36245016 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The biologic effects of visible light, particularly blue light, on the skin at doses and irradiances representative of sunlight have been established. Recent research studies investigated the effects of blue light (BL) from electronic screen devices; however, it is unclear if the evidence can be generalized to real life. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate available evidence regarding clinical effects of BL emitted from electronic devices on human skin using the framework established by the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT). A systematic literature search was conducted by two librarians in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase.com, and Web of Science for relevant articles published from 1946 to March 2022. In vitro and in vivo studies that investigated the effects of BL from electronic devices on skin were included. From the 87 articles gathered from database searches and 1 article identified from citation search, only 9 met the inclusion criteria (6 in vitro and 3 in vivo studies). Human and animal literature with the highest level of evidence ratings were considered with mechanistic data to form one of five human hazard identifications for each outcome category using the OHAT protocol: (1) known, (2) presumed, (3) suspected, (4) not classifiable, or (5) not identified to be a hazard to humans. Literature-based evidence integration did not identify exposure to BL from electronic devices as a hazard to skin pigmentation, redness, yellowness, or melasma exacerbation. Exposure to BL from electronic devices was not classified as a skin photoaging hazard. Low confidence in representative exposure characterization drove high OHAT risk-of-bias ratings for the majority of included studies. While these conclusions hold true for the limited existing data, a larger number of future studies with high-confidence evidence are needed to verify and strengthen hazard identification conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa S Ceresnie
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 700, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Western Michigan University College of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 700, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 700, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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He J, Shen X, Zhang N, Sun C, Shao Y. Smartphones as an Ecological Niche of Microorganisms: Microbial Activities, Assembly, and Opportunistic Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0150822. [PMID: 36040152 PMCID: PMC9603676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01508-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphone usage and contact frequency are unprecedentedly high in this era, and they affect humans mentally and physically. However, the characteristics of the microorganisms associated with smartphones and smartphone hygiene habits remain unclear. In this study, using various culture-independent techniques, including high-throughput sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the ATP bioluminescence system, and electron microscopy, we investigated the structure, assembly, quantity, and dynamic metabolic activity of the bacterial community on smartphone surfaces and the user's dominant and nondominant hands. We found that smartphone microbiotas are more similar to the nondominant hand microbiotas than the dominant hand microbiotas and show significantly decreased phylogenetic diversity and stronger deterministic processes than the hand microbiota. Significant interindividual microbiota differences were observed, contributing to an average owner identification accuracy of 70.6% using smartphone microbiota. Furthermore, it is estimated that approximately 1.75 × 106 bacteria (2.24 × 104/cm2) exist on the touchscreen of a single smartphone, and microbial activities remain stable for at least 48 h. Scanning electron microscopy detected large fragments harboring microorganisms, suggesting that smartphone microbiotas live on the secreta or other substances, e.g., human cell debris and food debris. Fortunately, simple smartphone cleaning/hygiene could significantly reduce the bacterial load. Taken together, our results demonstrate that smartphone surfaces not only are a reservoir of microbes but also provide an ecological niche in which microbiotas, particularly opportunistic pathogens, can survive, be active, and even grow. IMPORTANCE Currently, people spend an average of 4.2 h per day on their smartphones. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this figure may still be increasing. The high frequency of smartphone usage may allow microbes, particularly pathogens, to attach to-and even survive on-phone surfaces, potentially causing adverse effects on humans. We employed various culture-independent techniques in this study to evaluate the microbiological features and hygiene of smartphones, including community assembly, bacterial load, and activity. Our data showed that deterministic processes drive smartphone microbiota assembly and that approximately 1.75 × 106 bacteria exist on a single smartphone touchscreen, with activities being stable for at least 48 h. Fortunately, simple smartphone cleaning/hygiene could significantly reduce the bacterial load. This work expands our understanding of the microbial ecology of smartphone surfaces and might facilitate the development of electronic device cleaning/hygiene guidelines to support public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao He
- Max Planck Partner Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Shen
- Max Planck Partner Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Max Planck Partner Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Max Planck Partner Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Is the Technology Era Aging You? A Review of the Physiologic and Psychologic Toll of Technology Use. Dermatol Surg 2022; 48:978-988. [PMID: 35862680 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology use is at an all-time high and its potential impact on psychological and physiologic health should be explored. OBJECTIVE The objective of this narrative review was to identify the role of technology use on health and well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS Authors performed a review of PubMed and publications of the World Health Organization, Department of Defense, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine the impact of technology regarding electromagnetic radiation (EM), posture and mobility, sleep disturbance, and psychological stress and well-being. RESULTS Studies on the impact of EM were conflicting, with about 45% reporting negative consequences and 55% reporting no effect. Radiofrequency EM (RF-EM) may more significantly affect fibroblasts and immature cells. Device use was implicated in worsening cognitive focus, imbalance, and sleep. Social media use affects self-esteem and mental health and is associated with up to 33% presence of addiction. Effects seem to be dose related and more pronounced in younger ages. CONCLUSION Technology use significantly affects sleep, mental health, and cognitive function. Seeking psychological help, limiting social media use, and reducing use before sleep may partially mitigate these effects. The impact of EM is undetermined, but the WHO lists RF-EM as a potential carcinogen.
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Rioux B, Combes J, Woolley JM, Rodrigues NDN, Mention MM, Stavros VG, Allais F. From Biomass-Derived p-Hydroxycinnamic Acids to Novel Sustainable and Non-Toxic Phenolics-Based UV-Filters: A Multidisciplinary Journey. Front Chem 2022; 10:886367. [PMID: 35864863 PMCID: PMC9294603 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.886367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although organic UV-filters are extensively used in cosmetics to protect consumers from the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation-exposure, they suffer from some major drawbacks such as their fossil origin and their toxicity to both humans and the environment. Thus, finding sustainable and non-toxic UV-filters is becoming a topic of great interest for the cosmetic industry. A few years ago, sinapoyl malate was shown to be a powerful naturally occurring UV-filter. Building on these findings, we decided to design and optimize an entire value chain that goes from biomass to innovative biobased and non-toxic lignin-derived UV-filters. This multidisciplinary approach relies on: 1) The production of phenolic synthons using either metabolite extraction from biomass or their bioproduction through synthetic biology/fermentation/in stream product recovery; 2) their functionalization using green chemistry to access sinapoyl malate and analogues; 3) the study of their UV-filtering activity, their photostability, their biological properties; and 4) their photodynamics. This mini-review aims at demonstrating that combining biotechnology, green chemistry, downstream process and photochemistry is a powerful approach to transform biomass and, in particular lignins, into high value-added innovative UV-filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rioux
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Jeanne Combes
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingtom
| | - Natércia d. N. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingtom
- Lipotec SAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu M. Mention
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingtom
- *Correspondence: Vasilios G. Stavros, ; Florent Allais,
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
- *Correspondence: Vasilios G. Stavros, ; Florent Allais,
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7
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Chen Q, Yang J, Yin H, Li Y, Qiu H, Gu Y, Yang H, Xiaoxi D, Xiafei S, Che B, Li H. Optimization of photo-biomodulation therapy for wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers in vitro and in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2450-2466. [PMID: 35519257 PMCID: PMC9045913 DOI: 10.1364/boe.451135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Unclear optical parameters make photo-biomodulation (PBM) difficult to implement in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) clinically. Here, 12 wavelengths (400-900 nm) were used to conduct PBM to heal DFU wounds in vitro and in vivo. PBM at 10 mW/cm2 and 0.5-4 J/cm2 with all 12 wavelengths promoted proliferation of diabetic wound cells. In a mimic DFU (mDFU) rat model, PBM (425, 630, 730, and 850 nm, and a combination light strategy) promoted mDFU healing. The positive cell proliferation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and inflammation were possible mechanisms. The combination strategy had the best effect, which can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, Key Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
- Equal contributors
| | - Jichun Yang
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Equal contributors
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Xiaoxi
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shi Xiafei
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Bochen Che
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongxiao Li
- Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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Searle T, Al-Niaimi F, Ali FR. Screen light and the skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:934-935. [PMID: 33547663 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Searle
- University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Al-Niaimi
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - F R Ali
- Dermatological Surgery and Laser Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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9
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Austin E, Geisler AN, Nguyen J, Kohli I, Hamzavi I, Lim HW, Jagdeo J. Visible light. Part I: Properties and cutaneous effects of visible light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1219-1231. [PMID: 33640508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is visible light (400-700 nm). Other sources of visible light include lasers, light-emitting diodes, and flash lamps. Photons from visible light are absorbed by photoreceptive chromophores (e.g., melanin, heme, and opsins), altering skin function by activating and imparting energy to chromophores. Additionally, visible light can penetrate the full thickness of the skin and induce pigmentation and erythema. Clinically, lasers and light devices are used to treat skin conditions by utilizing specific wavelengths and treatment parameters. Red and blue light from light-emitting diodes and intense pulsed light have been studied as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments for acne. Pulsed dye lasers are used to treat vascular lesions in adults and infants. Further research is necessary to determine the functional significance of visible light on skin health without confounding the influence of ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York.
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10
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Geisler AN, Austin E, Nguyen J, Hamzavi I, Jagdeo J, Lim HW. Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1233-1244. [PMID: 33640513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous photobiology studies have focused primarily on the ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum. Visible light (VL), which comprises 50% of the electromagnetic radiation that reaches the Earth's surface and, as discussed in Part I of this CME, has cutaneous biologic effects, such as pigment darkening and erythema. Photoprotection against VL includes avoiding the sun, seeking shade, and using photoprotective clothing. The organic and inorganic ultraviolet filters used in sunscreens do not protect against VL, only tinted sunscreens do. In the United States, these filters are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration as an over-the-counter drug and are subject to more stringent regulations than in Europe, Asia, and Australia. There are no established guidelines regarding VL photoprotection. Alternative measures to confer VL photoprotection are being explored. These novel methods include topical, oral, and subcutaneous agents. Further development should focus on better protection in the ultraviolet A1 (340-400 nm) and VL ranges while enhancing the cosmesis of the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Photomedicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Photomedicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Photomedicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York.
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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11
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Jaulim SZ, Yoo J. Does high-energy visible light emitted from electronic devices cause melasma? Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:922-923. [PMID: 33492684 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Z Jaulim
- Dermatology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Yoo
- Dermatology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Furukawa JY, Martinez RM, Morocho-Jácome AL, Castillo-Gómez TS, Pereda-Contreras VJ, Rosado C, Velasco MVR, Baby AR. Skin impacts from exposure to ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and artificial lights - a review. J COSMET LASER THER 2021; 23:1-7. [PMID: 34669525 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2021.1950767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social distancing is conducive to grow the impact of artificial light in the daily life of the worldwide population with reported consequences to the skin. Sunlight is also essential for human development, indeed, solar radiation is composed of different types of wavelengths, which generate different skin effects. It can be divided into ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and visible. UV radiation (UVA and UVB) has cutaneous biological effects ranging from photoaging, immunosuppression to melanoma formation, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and elevation of the energy state of organic molecules, changing the DNA structure. IR radiation reaches deeper layers of the skin and is also related to the generation of ROS, photoaging and erythema while visible light is responsible for generating ROS, pigmentation, cytokine formation, and matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs). Furthermore, artificial light could be harmful to the skin, as it can generate ROS, hyperpigmentation, and stimulate photoaging. Currently, we briefly summarized the cutaneous biological effects of sunlight, as well as artificial light on skin and remarked the opportunity of the evolution of current photoprotective formulas through new strategies with broad spectrum protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yuka Furukawa
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Miliani Martinez
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucía Morocho-Jácome
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Catarina Rosado
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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13
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Jakhar D, Kaul S, Kaur I. Increased usage of smartphones during COVID-19: Is that blue light causing skin damage? J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 19:2466-2467. [PMID: 33460228 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports across the world indicate a tremendous increase in smartphone usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. This increased use is understandable given the unique international strategies put in place to reduce viral transmission, such as "lockdown" and "work from home". People are keeping themselves busy by browsing the Internet, using social media, watching tele-programs, playing games, chatting with friends and/or family, shopping online, etc With increased usage of smartphones, people are getting increased exposure of blue light. Blue light at various wavelengths and variable duration of exposure can cause oxidative damage to skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Jakhar
- Department of Dermatology & STD, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Subuhi Kaul
- Department of internal Medicine, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ishmeet Kaur
- Department of Dermatology & STD, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
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14
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Chang LY, Fan SMY, Liao YC, Wang WH, Chen YJ, Lin SJ. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Blue Light Photobiomodulation on Fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:358-372. [PMID: 31321797 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at determining the effects of blue light photobiomodulation on primary adult mouse dermal fibroblasts (AMDFs) and the associated signaling pathways. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured AMDFs from adult C57BL/6 mice were irradiated by blue light from a light-emitting diode (wavelength = 463 ± 50 nm; irradiance = 5 mW/cm2 ; energy density = 4-8 J/cm2 ). The cells were analyzed using mass spectrometry for proteomics/phosphoproteomics, AlamarBlue assay for mitochondrial activity, time-lapse video for cell migration, quantitative polymerase chain reaction for gene expression, and immunofluorescence for protein expression. RESULTS Proteomic/phosphoproteomic analysis showed inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases/mammalian target of rapamycin and casein kinase 2 pathways, cell motility-related networks, and multiple metabolic processes, including carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acid, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Functional analysis demonstrated inhibition of mitochondrial activities, cell migration, and mitosis. Expression of growth promoting insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibrosis-related genes, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and collagen type 1 ɑ2 chain diminished. Protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin, an important regulator of myofibroblast functions, was also suppressed. CONCLUSIONS Low-level blue light exerted suppressive effects on AMDFs, including suppression of mitochondrial activity, metabolism, cell motility, proliferation, TGFβ1 levels, and collagen I production. Low-level blue light can be a potential treatment for the prevention and reduction of tissue fibrosis, such as hypertrophic scar and keloids. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo-Yu Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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15
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Wang EB, Kaur R, Nguyen J, Ho D, Austin E, Maverakis E, Li CS, Hwang ST, Isseroff RR, Jagdeo J. A single-blind, dose-escalation, phase I study of high-fluence light-emitting diode-red light on Caucasian non-Hispanic skin: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:177. [PMID: 30894210 PMCID: PMC6425608 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible light (400 to 700 nm) is common in our environment, comprising 44% of total solar radiation and a large component of environmental light exposure. The effects of visible light on skin remain undefined. The red light portion of the visible spectrum (600 to 700 nm) may be used to treat skin diseases as a monotherapeutic modality or in combination with other agents. Light-emitting diode-red light (LED-RL) phototherapy may represent an important advance in light-based treatment modalities because it is non-invasive, inexpensive, portable, and easily combinable with other therapies. We previously determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of high-fluence LED-RL (HF-LED-RL) in skin of color individuals to be 320 J/cm2. To the best of our knowledge, no clinical trials have been performed to determine the safety of higher doses of HF-LED-RL in Caucasian non-Hispanic individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of HF-LED-RL at doses of 480 and 640 J/cm2 in healthy Caucasian non-Hispanic individuals. METHODS This is a single-blind, dose-escalation, randomized, controlled, phase I trial titled Safety Trial Assessing Red-light on Skin (STARS) 2. Healthy subjects will be randomly assigned to groups of five (three subjects randomly assigned to HF-LED-RL phototherapy and two subjects randomly assigned to mock therapy). Subjects in group 1 will receive HF-LED-RL or mock irradiation at the starting dose of 480 J/cm2, and the dose will be escalated in the subsequent group (group 2) to 640 J/cm2. The MTD is defined as the dose level below the dose at which two or more subjects (>20% of the cohort) experience a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). After either the MTD is established or the study endpoint of 640 J/cm2 is achieved, additional HF-LED-RL phototherapy subjects and mock therapy subjects will be enrolled at that fluence (group 3) for a total number of up to 60 subjects. Each subject will receive a total of nine irradiation sessions, three times per week for three consecutive weeks. DISCUSSION This follow-up study aims to provide important knowledge about safety and cutaneous effects of HF-LED-RL phototherapy of 480 and 640 J/cm2 in Caucasian non-Hispanic subjects. The importance of this clinical trial is that it may establish new treatment paradigms and a safety profile for LED-RL based on race and ethnicity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03433222 . Registered on February 1, 2018 - Retrospectively registered. Protocol date and version: January 12, 2018; version 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive CCSR 2150, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ramanjot Kaur
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Dermatology, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Chin-Shang Li
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University of Buffalo, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Samuel T Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Dermatology Service, Sacramento VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, The State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue MSC 46, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
- Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System - Brooklyn Campus, 800 Poly Pl, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA.
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16
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Arjmandi N, Mortazavi G, Zarei S, Faraz M, Mortazavi SAR. Can Light Emitted from Smartphone Screens and Taking Selfies Cause Premature Aging and Wrinkles? J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:447-452. [PMID: 30568934 PMCID: PMC6280109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Since the early days of human life on the Earth, our skin has been exposed to different levels of light. Recently, due to inevitable consequences of modern life, humans are not exposed to adequate levels of natural light during the day but they are overexposed to relatively high levels of artificial light at night. Skin is a major target of oxidative stress and the link between aging and oxidative stress is well documented. Especially, extrinsic skin aging can be caused by oxidative stress. The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and the rapidly increasing use of smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers have led to a significant rise in the exposure of human eyes to short-wavelength visible light. Recent studies show that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even for exposures as short as 1 hour, may cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The biological effects of exposure to short-wavelength visible light in blue region in humans and other living organisms were among our research priorities at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC). Today, there is a growing concern over the safety of the light sources such as LEDs with peak emissions in the blue light range (400-490 nm). Recent studies aimed at investigating the effect of exposure to light emitted from electronic device on human skin cells, shows that even short exposures can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the biological effects of either long-term or repeated exposures are not fully known, yet. Furthermore, there are reports indicating that frequent exposure to visible light spectrum of the selfie flashes may cause skin damage and accelerated skin ageing. In this paper we have addressed the different aspects of potential effects of exposure to the light emitted from smartphones' digital screens as well as smartphones' photoflashes on premature aging of the human skin. Specifically, the effects of blue light on eyes and skin are discussed. Based on current knowledge, it can be suggested that changing the spectral output of LED-based smartphones' flashes can be introduced as an effective method to reduce the adverse health effects associated with exposure to blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arjmandi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gh Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Zarei
- Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Faraz
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S A R Mortazavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Avola R, Graziano ACE, Pannuzzo G, Bonina F, Cardile V. Hydroxytyrosol from olive fruits prevents blue-light-induced damage in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9065-9076. [PMID: 30367495 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of endogenous or intrinsic and exogenous or extrinsic factors due to environmental damage. The primary environmental factor that causes human skin aging is the ultraviolet irradiation from the sun. Recently, it was established that the long-term exposure to light-emitting-diode-generated blue light (LED-BL) from electronic devices seems to have a relevant implication in the molecular mechanisms of premature photoaging. BL irradiation induces changes in the synthesis of various skin structures through DNA damage and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -12, which are responsible for the loss of the main components of the extracellular matrix of skin like collagen type I and elastin. In the current study, using human keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to specific LED-BL radiation doses (45 and 15 J/cm 2 ), we produced an in vitro model of skin photoaging. We verified that, compared with untreated controls, the treatment with LED-BL irradiation results in the alteration of metalloprotease-1 (collagenase), metalloprotease-12 (elastase), 8-dihydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and collagen type I. Moreover, we showed that the photoaging prevention is possible via the use of hydroxytyrosol extracted from olive fruits, well known for antioxidant properties. Our results demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol protects keratinocytes and fibroblasts from LED-BL-induced damage. Thus, hydroxytyrosol might be proposed as an encouraging candidate for the prevention of BL-induced premature photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
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18
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Addor FAS. Beyond photoaging: additional factors involved in the process of skin aging. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:437-443. [PMID: 30288075 PMCID: PMC6159789 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s177448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies assessing the impact of extrinsic factors on skin aging have increased during the last with the increase in life expectancy. Although most of the studies are about the sun radiation impact, many factors should be considered in elderly people, beyond environmental conditions. Lifestyle factors, like diet, sleeping, smoking, should be analyzed carefully, as common age-related conditions (menopause, diabetes, pulmonary diseases, etc.). All these factors could accelerate the natural decline of skin structure and functions, possibly affecting the responses to treatments and drugs. This review demonstrates that growing evidence regarding environmental factors that are associated with lifestyle and comorbidities deserve greater attention from researchers and dermatologists and may require new approaches in the management of skin aging.
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