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McPartlon TJ, Osborne CT, Kramer JR. Glycosylated Polyhydroxyproline Is a Potent Antifreeze Molecule. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3325-3334. [PMID: 38775494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Molecules that inhibit the growth of ice crystals are highly desirable for applications in building materials, foods, and agriculture. Antifreezes are particularly essential in biomedicine for tissue banking, yet molecules currently in use have known toxic effects. Antifreeze glycoproteins have evolved naturally in polar fish species living in subzero climates, but practical issues with collection and purification have limited their commercial use. Here, we present a synthetic strategy using polymerization of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to produce polypeptide mimics of these potent natural antifreeze proteins. We investigated a set of mimics with varied structural properties and identified a glycopolypeptide with potent ice recrystallization inhibition properties. We optimized for molecular weight, characterized their conformations, and verified their cytocompatibility in a human cell line. Overall, we present a material that will have broad applications as a biocompatible antifreeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McPartlon
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Charles T Osborne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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2
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Deleray AC, Saini SS, Wallberg AC, Kramer JR. Synthetic Antifreeze Glycoproteins with Potent Ice-Binding Activity. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:3424-3434. [PMID: 38699199 PMCID: PMC11064932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are produced by extremophiles to defend against tissue damage in freezing climates. Cumbersome isolation from polar fish has limited probing AFGP molecular mechanisms of action and limited development of bioinspired cryoprotectants for application in agriculture, foods, coatings, and biomedicine. Here, we present a rapid, scalable, and tunable route to synthetic AFGPs (sAFGPs) using N-carboxyanhydride polymerization. Our materials are the first mimics to harness the molecular size, chemical motifs, and long-range conformation of native AFGPs. We found that ice-binding activity increases with chain length, Ala is a key residue, and the native protein sequence is not required. The glycan structure had only minor effects, and all glycans examined displayed antifreeze activity. The sAFGPs are biodegradable, nontoxic, internalized into endocytosing cells, and bystanders in cryopreservation of human red blood cells. Overall, our sAFGPs functioned as surrogates for bona fide AFGPs, solving a long-standing challenge in accessing natural antifreeze materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Deleray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Alexander C Wallberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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3
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Uhlmannsiek L, Shen H, Eylers H, Martinsson G, Sieme H, Wolkers WF, Oldenhof H. Preserving frozen stallion sperm on dry ice using polymers that modulate ice crystalization kinetics. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104852. [PMID: 38295927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreserved semen is routinely shipped in liquid nitrogen. Dry ice could serve as an alternative coolant, however, frozen storage above liquid nitrogen temperatures (LN2, -196 °C) may negatively affect shelf-life and cryosurvival. In this study, we determined critical temperatures for storage of cryopreserved stallion sperm. We evaluated: (i) effects of cooling samples to different subzero temperatures (-10 °C to -80 °C) prior to storing in LN2, (ii) stability at different storage temperatures (i.e., in LN2, dry ice, -80 °C and -20 °C freezers, 5 °C refrigerator), and (iii) sperm cryosurvival during storage on dry ice (i.e., when kept below -70 °C and during warming). Furthermore, (iv) we analyzed if addition of synthetic polymers (PVP-40, Ficoll-70) modulates ice crystallization kinetics and improves stability of cryopreserved specimens. Sperm motility and membrane intactness were taken as measures of cryosurvival, and an artificial insemination trial was performed to confirm fertilizing capacity. We found that adding PVP-40 or Ficoll-70 to formulations containing glycerol reduced ice crystal sizes and growth during annealing. Post-thaw sperm viability data indicated that samples need to be cooled below -40 °C before they can be safely plunged and stored in LN2. No negative effects of relocating specimens from dry ice to LN2 and vice versa became apparent. However, sample warming above -50 °C during transport in dry ice should be avoided to ensure preservation of viability and fertility. Moreover, addition of PVP-40 or Ficoll-70 was found to increase sperm cryosurvival, especially under non-ideal storage conditions where ice recrystallization may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Uhlmannsiek
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; National Stud of Lower Saxony, Celle, Germany
| | - Hang Shen
- Biostabilization Laboratory - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinke Eylers
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Harald Sieme
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Biostabilization Laboratory - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine - Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Biostabilization Laboratory - Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Drori R, Stevens CA. Divergent Mechanisms of Ice Growth Inhibition by Antifreeze Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2730:169-181. [PMID: 37943458 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3503-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are biomolecules that can bind to ice and hinder its growth, thus holding significant potential for biotechnological and biomedical applications. AFPs are a subset of ice-binding proteins (IBPs) and are found in various organisms across different life kingdoms. This mini-review investigates the underlying mechanisms by which AFPs impede ice growth, emphasizing the disparities between hyperactive and moderate AFPs. Hyperactive AFPs exhibit heightened thermal hysteresis (TH) activity and can bind to both the basal and prism planes of ice crystals, enabling them to endure extremely cold temperatures. In contrast, moderate AFPs predominantly bind to the prism/pyramidal planes and demonstrate lower TH activity. The structural diversity of AFPs and the presence of ordered water molecules on their ice-binding sites (IBS) have been subjects of debate among researchers. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed concerning the significance of ordered water molecules in ice binding. Gaining insights into the binding dynamics and the factors influencing TH activity in AFPs is crucial for the development of efficient synthetic compounds and the establishment of comprehensive models to elucidate ice growth inhibition. Here we emphasize the necessity for further research to unravel the mechanisms of AFPs and presents a pathway for constructing models capable of comprehensively explaining their inhibitory effects on ice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Drori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Corey A Stevens
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Park JK, Park SJ, Jeong B. Poly(l-alanine- co-l-threonine succinate) as a Biomimetic Cryoprotectant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58092-58102. [PMID: 38060278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of [(l-Ala)x-co-(l-Thr succinate)y] (PATs), which are analogous to natural antifreezing glycoprotein with the structure of [l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Thr disaccharide]n, by varying the composition and degree of succinylation while fixing their molecular weight (Mn) and Ala/Thr ratio at approximately 10-12 kDa and 2:1, respectively. We investigated their ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), ice nucleation inhibition (INI), dynamic ice shaping (DIS), thermal hysteresis (TH), and protein cryopreservation activities. Both IRI and INI activities were greater for PATs with higher l-Ala content (PATs-3 and PATs-4) than those with lower l-Ala content (PATs-1 and PATs-2). DIS activity with faceted crystal growth was clearly observed in PATs-2 and PATs-4 with a high degree of succinylation. TH was small with <0.1 °C for all PATs and slightly greater for PATs with a high l-Ala content. Except for PATs-1, the protein (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) stabilization activity was excellent for all PATs studied, maintaining LDH activity as high as that of fresh LDH even after 15 freeze-thaw cycles. To conclude, the cryo-active biomimetic PATs were synthesized by controlling the l-Ala content and degree of succinylation. Our results showed that PATs with an l-Ala content of 65-70% and degree of succinylation of 12-19% exhibited the cryo-activities of IRI, INI, and DIS, and particularly promising properties for the cryoprotection of LDH protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Hu B, Li JJ, Ren YB, Zhang TX, Chen LB, Li XL, Guo DS, Wang KR. Calixarene-based cryoprotectants for ice recrystallization inhibition and cell cryopreservation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11222-11227. [PMID: 38013489 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of new cryoprotectants for cryopreservation of cells has attracted considerable interest. Herein, five calixarene-based CPAs (SC4A, S-S-C4A, S-SO2-C4A, SBAC4A, and CAC4A) were developed, and their IRI activity, DIS property and cryoprotective effect were studied. SBAC4A with a sulphobetaine zwitterion and SC4A with sulfo group modification possessed better cryoprotective effects than the other calixarene-based CPAs, especially for SBAC4A with the enhanced cell viabilities of 16.16 ± 1.78%, 12.60 ± 1.15% and 14.90 ± 1.66% against MCF-7, hucMSCs and A549 cells, respectively. This result provides a supramolecular principle for developing novel CPAs with consideration of the factors of hydrogen bonding, the macromolecular crowding principle and the three-dimensional (3D) structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yan-Bin Ren
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Tian-Xing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Li-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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7
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Sun X, Guo R, Zhan T, Kou Y, Ma X, Song H, Song L, Li X, Zhang H, Xie F, Song Z, Yuan C, Wu Y. Self-assembly of tamarind seed polysaccharide via enzymatic depolymerization and degalactosylation enhanced ice recrystallization inhibition activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126352. [PMID: 37598826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are becoming potential candidates for developing food-grade cryoprotectants due to their extensive accessibility and health-promoting effects. However, unremarkable ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity and high viscosity limit their practical applications in some systems. Our previous study found a galactoxyloglucan polysaccharide from tamarind seed (TSP) showing moderate IRI activity. Herein, the enhancement of the IRI performance of TSP via enzymatic depolymerization and degalactosylation-induced self-assembly was reported. TSP was depolymerized and subsequently removed ∼40 % Gal, which induced the formation of supramolecular rod-like fiber self-assembles and exhibited a severalfold enhancement of IRI. Ice shaping assay did not show obvious faceting of ice crystals, indicating that both depolymerized and self-assembled TSP showed very weak binding to ice. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the absence of molecular complementarity with ice. Further, it highlighted that degalactosylation did not cause significant changes in local hydration properties of TSP from the view of a single oligomer. The inconsistency between molecular simulation and macroscopic IRI effect proposed that the formation of unique supramolecular self-assemblies may be a key requirement for enhancing IRI activity. The findings of this study provided a new opportunity to enhance the applied potential of natural polysaccharides in food cryoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Taijie Zhan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuxing Kou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xujiao Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fan Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zibo Song
- Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Chunmei Yuan
- Yunnan Maoduoli Group Food Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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8
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Kim YD, Jung WH, Ahn DJ, Lim DK. Self-Assembled Nanostructures of Homo-Oligopeptide as a Potent Ice Growth Inhibitor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9500-9507. [PMID: 37843112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the formation of self-assembled nanostructures with homo-oligopeptides consisting of amino acids (i.e., alanine, threonine, valine, and tyrosine), the resulting morphologies (i.e., spherical shape, layered structure, and wire structure) in aqueous solution, and their potential as ice growth inhibitors. Among the homo-oligopeptides investigated, an alanine homo-oligopeptide (n = 5) with a spherical nanostructure showed the highest ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity without showing a burst ice growth property and with low ice nucleation activity. The presence of nanoscale self-assembled structures in the solution showed superior IRI activity compared to an amino acid monomer because of the higher binding affinity of structures on the growing ice crystal plane. Simulation results revealed that the presence of nanostructures induced a significant inhibition of ice growth and increased lifetime of hydrogen bonding compared with unassembled homo-oligopeptide. These results envision extraordinary performance for self-assembled nanostructures as a desirable and potent ice growth inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Duk Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyuk Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong June Ahn
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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9
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Liu Z, Cao H, Fan Y, Wang Y, Wang J. Strong Inhibition of Ice Growth by Biomimetic Crowding Coacervates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311047. [PMID: 37534606 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The freezing of biological fluids is intensively studied but remains elusive as it is affected not only by the various components but also by the crowding nature of the biological fluids. Herein, we constructed spherical crowders, fibrous crowders, and coacervates by various components ranging from surfactants to polymers and proteins, to mimic three typical crowders in biological fluids, i.e., globular proteins, fibrous networks, and condensates of biomolecules. It is elucidated that the three crowders exhibit low, moderate, and strong ice growth inhibition activity, respectively, resulting from their different abilities in slowing down water dynamics. Intriguingly, the coacervate consisting of molecules without obvious ice growth inhibition activity strongly inhibits ice growth, which is firstly employed as a highly-potent cryoprotectant. This work provides new insights into the survival of freezing-tolerant organisms and opens an avenue for the design of ice-controlling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huimei Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yaxun Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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10
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Zhao Y, Lu H, Qi D, Motta A, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Chen J, Sun Y, Bonn M. Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity of Silk Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8145-8150. [PMID: 37669464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of cells, tissue, and organs is essential in both fundamental research and practical applications, such as modern regenerative medicine and technological applications. However, the formation of ice crystals during ice recrystallization can have harmful or even fatal effects on biological systems. To address this challenge, we explore the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of two natural silk proteins of Bombyx mori, fibroin and sericin. We found that silk fibroin (SF) had higher ice recrystallization inhibition activity than silk sericin (SS). Moreover, SF aqueous solutions perform better in inhibiting ice recrystallization than SF phosphate-buffered saline solutions. Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy shows that stronger electrostatic interactions are responsible for the higher IRI ability of SF. This work is significant for broadening the applications of silk proteins in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Health & Nutrition, Weihai Vocational College, Wehai 264210, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daizong Qi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Fomich M, Día VP, Premadasa UI, Doughty B, Krishnan HB, Wang T. Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity of Soy Protein Hydrolysates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37466256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and developing ice recrystallization inhibitors from sustainable food proteins such as soy protein isolate (SPI) can lead to practical applications in both pharmaceutical and food industries. The objective of this study was to investigate the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of SPI hydrolysates, and this was achieved by using an IRI activity-guided fractionation approach and relating IRI activity to interfacial molecular activity measured by vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG). In addition, the impact of molecular weight (MW) and enzyme specificity was analyzed using three different proteases (Alcalase, trypsin, and pancreatin) and varying hydrolysis times. Using preparative chromatography, hydrolysates from each enzyme treatment were fractionated into five different MW fractions (F1-F5), which were then characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All SPI hydrolysates had IRI activity, resulting in a 57-29% ice crystal diameter reduction when compared to native SPI. The F1 fraction (of 4-14 kDa) was most effective among all tested hydrolysates, while the lower MW peptide fractions lacked activity. One sample (SPI-ALC 20-F1) had a 52% reduction of ice crystal size at a lower concentration of 2% compared to the typical 4% used. SFG showed a difference in H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions of the molecules on the water/air interface, which may be linked to IRI activity. This study demonstrates for the first time the ability of SPI hydrolysates to inhibit ice crystal growth and the potential application of SFG to study molecular interaction at the interface that may help illustrate the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Fomich
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37994, United States
| | - Vermont P Día
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37994, United States
| | - Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37994, United States
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12
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de Haas RJ, Tas RP, van den Broek D, Zheng C, Nguyen H, Kang A, Bera AK, King NP, Voets IK, de Vries R. De novo designed ice-binding proteins from twist-constrained helices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220380120. [PMID: 37364125 PMCID: PMC10319034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220380120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Attaining molecular-level control over solidification processes is a crucial aspect of materials science. To control ice formation, organisms have evolved bewildering arrays of ice-binding proteins (IBPs), but these have poorly understood structure-activity relationships. We propose that reverse engineering using de novo computational protein design can shed light on structure-activity relationships of IBPs. We hypothesized that the model alpha-helical winter flounder antifreeze protein uses an unusual undertwisting of its alpha-helix to align its putative ice-binding threonine residues in exactly the same direction. We test this hypothesis by designing a series of straight three-helix bundles with an ice-binding helix projecting threonines and two supporting helices constraining the twist of the ice-binding helix. Our findings show that ice-recrystallization inhibition by the designed proteins increases with the degree of designed undertwisting, thus validating our hypothesis, and opening up avenues for the computational design of IBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J. de Haas
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, WE6708, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick P. Tas
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB5600, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle van den Broek
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB5600, The Netherlands
| | - Chuanbao Zheng
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, WE6708, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Alex Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Asim K. Bera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB5600, The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, WE6708, The Netherlands
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13
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Yuan Y, Fomich M, Dia VP, Wang T. Succinylation of zein and gelatin hydrolysates improved their ice recrystallization inhibition activity. Food Chem 2023; 424:136431. [PMID: 37244191 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to enhance the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of zein and gelatin hydrolysates (ZH and GH, respectively) by succinylation modification. ZH was prepared by Alcalase treatment for 3 h and then modified by succinic anhydride (SA); whereas GH was made by Alcalase hydrolysis for 0.25 h and succinylated by n-octylsuccinic anhydride (OSA). After 0.5 h of annealing at -8 °C at 40 mg/mL, modified hydrolysates decreased the average Feret's diameter of ice crystal from 50.2 μm (polyethylene glycol, negative control) to 28.8 μm (SA modified ZH) and 29.5 μm (OSA modified GH) in comparison to the unmodified hydrolysates, which had the crystal size of 47.2 μm (ZH) and 45.4 μm (GH). Also, the two succinylated samples had altered surface hydrophobicity, which potentially contributed to their enhanced IRI activity. Our results indicate that succinylation of food-derived protein hydrolysates can improve their IRI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, 2510 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Madison Fomich
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, 2510 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Vermont P Dia
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, 2510 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, 2510 River Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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14
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Hu Y, Liu X, Ekpo MD, Chen J, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhao R, Xie J, He Y, Tan S. Dimethylglycine Can Enhance the Cryopreservation of Red Blood Cells by Reducing Ice Formation and Oxidative Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076696. [PMID: 37047668 PMCID: PMC10095525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) holds great potential for ensuring timely blood transfusions and maintaining an adequate RBC inventory. The conventional cryoprotectants (CPAs) have a lot of limitations, and there is an obvious need for novel, efficient, and biocompatible CPAs. Here, it is shown for the first time that the addition of dimethylglycine (DMG) improved the thawed RBC recovery from 11.55 ± 1.40% to 72.15 ± 1.22%. We found that DMG could reduce the mechanical damage by inhibiting ice formation and recrystallization during cryopreservation. DMG can also scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities to decrease oxidative damage during cryopreservation. Furthermore, the properties of thawed RBCs were found to be similar to the fresh RBCs in the control. Finally, the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to compare the performance of glycerol (Gly), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and DMG in cryopreservation, and DMG exhibited the best efficiency. This work confirms the use of DMG as a novel CPA for cryopreservation of RBCs and may promote clinical transfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Hu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiangjian Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Marlene Davis Ekpo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jiangming Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jingxian Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yongju He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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15
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Judge N, Georgiou PG, Bissoyi A, Ahmad A, Heise A, Gibson MI. High Molecular Weight Polyproline as a Potential Biosourced Ice Growth Inhibitor: Synthesis, Ice Recrystallization Inhibition, and Specific Ice Face Binding. Biomacromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Judge
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
- AMBER, The SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, RCSI, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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16
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Chen Y, Sui X, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang L, Han Y. Ice recrystallization inhibition mechanism of zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2752-2757. [PMID: 36633178 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) mechanism is of fundamental importance for the rational design of novel antifreeze protein mimetics and reducing IR-related damage. In this communication, using quantitive experimental methods and molecular dynamics simulations we demonstrate that zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA) can serve as a novel IRI-active substance. This work unravels the atomic-level details of the IRI mechanism of zwitterionic antifreeze protein mimetics and provides insight into the development of next-generation antifreeze protein mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojie Sui
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tiantong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - You Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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17
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Jeon N, Jeong IH, Cho E, Choi I, Lee J, Han EH, Lee HJ, Lee PC, Lee E. Microcurvature Controllable Metal-Organic Framework Nanoagents Capable of Ice-Lattice Matching for Cellular Cryopreservation. JACS AU 2023; 3:154-164. [PMID: 36711099 PMCID: PMC9875254 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) produced by psychrophilic organisms to adapt for the survival of psychrophiles in subzero conditions have received illustrious interest as a cryopreservation agent required for cells and tissues to completely recover after freezing/thawing. Depressing water-freezing point and avoiding ice-crystal growth affect their activities which are closely related to the presence of ice crystal well-matched binding moiety. The interaction of IBPs with ice and water is critical in enhancing their freeze avoidance against cell or tissue damage. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a controllable lattice at the molecular level and a size at the nanometer scale can offer periodically ordered ice-binding sites by modifying organic linkers and controlling microcurvature at the ice surface. Herein, zirconium (Zr)-based MOF-801 nanoparticles (NPs) with good biocompatibility were used as a cryoprotectant that is well dispersed and colloidal-stable in an aqueous solution. The MOF NP size was precisely controlled, and 10, 35, 100, and 250 nm NPs were prepared. The specific IBPs-mimicking pendants (valine and threonine) were simply introduced into the MOF NP-surface through the acrylate-based functionalization to endow with hydrophilic and hydrophobic dualities. When small-sized MOF-801 NPs were attached to ice, they confined ice growth in high curvature between the adsorption sites because of the decreased radius of the convex area of the growth region, leading to highly enhanced ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI). Surface-functionalized MOF NPs could increase the number of anchored clathrate water molecules with hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the ice-binding moiety, effectively inhibiting ice growth. The MOF-801 NPs were biocompatible with various cell lines regardless of concentration or NP surface-functionalization, whereas the smaller-sized surface-functionalized NPs showed a good cell recovery rate after freezing/thawing by induction of IRI. This study provides a strategy for the fabrication of low-cost, high-volume antifreeze nanoagents that can extend useful applications to organ transplantation, cord blood storage, and vaccines/drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Jeon
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - In-ho Jeong
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul05505, Republic
of Korea
| | - Eunyeong Cho
- Composites
Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials
Science (KIMS), Changwon51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhyung Choi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Research
Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea
Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Composites
Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials
Science (KIMS), Changwon51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter C.W. Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul05505, Republic
of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang Z, Li M, Wu T. Ice recrystallization inhibition activity in bile salts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:728-738. [PMID: 36193617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization inhibitors are novel cryoprotective agents that can reduce the freezing damage of cells, tissues, and organs in cryopreservation. To date, potent ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity has been found on antifreeze (glyco)proteins, polymers, nanomaterials, and a limited number of chemically synthesized small molecules. This paper reports a relatively potent IRI activity on a group of small biological molecules - bile salts. The IRI activity increased as the number of hydroxyl groups decreased in bile salts. Among sodium cholate (NaC), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), sodium chenodeoxycholate (NaCC), and sodium lithocholate (NaLC), the least hydrophilic NaLC at a concentration of 25.0 mM entirely blocked the ice growth in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) under test conditions. The IRI activity of bile salts was not related to viscosity or gelation. No IRI activity was found below the critical micelle concentration. The IRI activity was independent of liquid crystal formation. No ice shaping and thermal hysteresis were observed on any bile salts, but NaC and NaLC could increase the ice nucleation temperature. The findings add bile salts to the existing material list of ice recrystallization inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2510 River Drive, TN 37996, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2510 River Drive, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2510 River Drive, TN 37996, USA.
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19
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Lin M, Cao H, Li J. Control strategies of ice nucleation, growth, and recrystallization for cryopreservation. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:35-56. [PMID: 36323355 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of biomaterials is fundamental to modern biotechnology and biomedicine, but the biggest challenge is the formation of ice, resulting in fatal cryoinjury to biomaterials. To date, abundant ice control strategies have been utilized to inhibit ice formation and thus improve cryopreservation efficiency. This review focuses on the mechanisms of existing control strategies regulating ice formation and the corresponding applications to biomaterial cryopreservation, which are of guiding significance for the development of ice control strategies. Herein, basics related to biomaterial cryopreservation are introduced first. Then, the theoretical bases of ice nucleation, growth, and recrystallization are presented, from which the key factors affecting each process are analyzed, respectively. Ice nucleation is mainly affected by melting temperature, interfacial tension, shape factor, and kinetic prefactor, and ice growth is mainly affected by solution viscosity and cooling/warming rate, while ice recrystallization is inhibited by adsorption or diffusion mechanisms. Furthermore, the corresponding research methods and specific control strategies for each process are summarized. The review ends with an outlook of the current challenges and future perspectives in cryopreservation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Ice formation is the major limitation of cryopreservation, which causes fatal cryoinjury to cryopreserved biomaterials. This review focuses on the three processes related to ice formation, called nucleation, growth, and recrystallization. The theoretical models, key influencing factors, research methods and corresponding ice control strategies of each process are summarized and discussed, respectively. The systematic introduction on mechanisms and control strategies of ice formation is instructive for the cryopreservation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haishan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Ishibe T, Gonzalez-Martinez N, Georgiou PG, Murray KA, Gibson MI. Synthesis of Poly(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl methacrylate) via Oxidation of Poly(2-(methylthio)ethyl methacrylate): Evaluation of the Sulfoxide Side Chain on Cryopreservation. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:449-457. [PMID: 36536886 PMCID: PMC9756334 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cryopreservation solutions rely on the addition of organic solvents such as DMSO or glycerol, but these do not give full recovery for all cell types, and innovative cryoprotectants may address damage pathways which these solvents do not protect against. Macromolecular cryoprotectants are emerging, but there is a need to understand their structure-property relationships and mechanisms of action. Here we synthesized and investigated the cryoprotective behavior of sulfoxide (i.e., "DMSO-like") side-chain polymers, which have been reported to be cryoprotective using poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymers. We also wanted to determine if the polarized sulfoxide bond (S+O- character) introduces cryoprotective effects, as this has been seen for mixed-charge cryoprotective polyampholytes, whose mechanism of action is not yet understood. Poly(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl methacrylate) was synthesized by RAFT polymerization of 2-(methylthio)ethyl methacrylate and subsequent oxidation to sulfoxide. A corresponding N-oxide polymer was also prepared and characterized: (poly(2-(dimethylamineoxide)ethyl methacrylate). Ice recrystallization inhibition assays and differential scanning calorimetry analysis show that the sulfoxide side chains do not modulate the frozen components during cryopreservation. In cytotoxicity assays, it was found that long-term (24 h) exposure of the polymers was not tolerated by cells, but shorter (30 min) incubation times, which are relevant for cryopreservation, were tolerated. It was also observed that overoxidation to the sulfone significantly increased the cytotoxicity, and hence, these materials require a precision oxidation step to be deployed. In suspension cell cryopreservation investigations, the polysulfoxides did not increase cell recovery 24 h post-thaw. These results show that unlike hydrophilic backboned polysulfides, which can aid cryopreservation, the installation of the sulfoxide group onto a polymer does not necessarily bring cryoprotective properties, highlighting the challenges of developing and discovering macromolecular cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ishibe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | | | - Panagiotis G. Georgiou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | - Kathryn A. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
- Division
of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, U.K.
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21
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Georgiou PG, Kinney NLH, Kontopoulou I, Baker AN, Hindmarsh SA, Bissoyi A, Congdon TR, Whale TF, Gibson MI. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Molecular Bottlebrushes Nucleate Ice. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5285-5296. [PMID: 36441868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ice binding proteins (IBP) have evolved to limit the growth of ice but also to promote ice formation by ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). IBPs, which modulate these seemingly distinct processes, often have high sequence similarities, and molecular size/assembly is hypothesized to be a crucial determinant. There are only a few synthetic materials that reproduce INP function, and rational design of ice nucleators has not been achieved due to outstanding questions about the mechanisms of ice binding. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer well known to effectively block ice recrystallization, by binding to ice. Here, we report the synthesis of a polymeric ice nucleator, which mimics the dense assembly of IBPs, using confined ice-binding polymers in a high-molar-mass molecular bottlebrush. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based molecular bottlebrushes with different side-chain densities were synthesized via a combination of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, using "grafting-to" and "grafting-through" approaches. The facile preparation of the PVA bottlebrushes was performed via selective hydrolysis of the acetate of the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) side chains of the PVAc bottlebrush precursors. Ice-binding polymer side-chain density was shown to be crucial for nucleation activity, with less dense brushes resulting in colder nucleation than denser brushes. This bio-inspired approach provides a synthetic framework for probing heterogeneous ice nucleation and a route toward defined synthetic nucleators for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Nina L H Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Ioanna Kontopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Steven A Hindmarsh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas R Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Thomas F Whale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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22
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Wu X, Qiu Y, Chen C, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yao F, Zhang H, Li J. Polysaccharide-Derived Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors with a Modular Design: The Case of Dextran-Based Graft Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14097-14108. [PMID: 36342971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization inhibitors inspired from antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are receiving increasing interest for cryobiology and other extreme environment applications. Here, we present a modular strategy to develop polysaccharide-derived biomimetics, and detailed studies were performed in the case of dextran. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) which has been termed as one of the most potent biomimetics of AFPs was grafted onto dextran via thiol-ene click chemistry (Dex-g-PVA). This demonstrated that Dex-g-PVA is effective in IRI and its activity increases with the degree of polymerization (DP) (sizes of ice crystals were 18.846 ± 1.759 and 9.700 ± 1.920 μm with DPs of 30 and 80, respectively) and fraction of PVA. By means of the dynamic ice shaping (DIS) assay, Dex-g-PVA is found to engage on the ice crystal surfaces, thus the ice affinity accounts for their IRI activity. In addition, Dex- g-PVA displayed enhanced IRI activity compared to that of equivalent PVA alone. We speculate that the hydrophilic nature of dextran would derive PVA in a stretch conformation that favors ice binding. The modular design can not only offer polysaccharides IRI activity but also favor the ice-binding behavior of PVA.
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23
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Sun X, Guo R, Kou Y, Song H, Zhan T, Wu J, Song L, Zhang H, Xie F, Wang J, Song Z, Wu Y. Inhibition of ice recrystallization by tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed polysaccharide and molecular weight effects. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Delesky EA, Garcia LF, Lobo AJ, Mikofsky RA, Dowdy ND, Wallat JD, Miyake GM, Srubar WV. Bioinspired Threonine-Based Polymers with Potent Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:7934-7942. [PMID: 36714526 PMCID: PMC9881732 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ice growth mitigation is a pervasive challenge for multiple industries. In nature, ice-binding proteins (IBPs) demonstrate potent ice growth prevention through ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI). However, IBPs are expensive, difficult to produce in large quantities, and exhibit minimal resilience to nonphysiological environmental stressors, such as pH. For these reasons, researchers have turned to bioinspired polymeric materials that mimic IBP behavior. To date, however, no synthetic polymer has rivaled the ability of native IBPs to display IRI activity at ultralow nanomolar concentrations. In this work, we study the IRI activity of peptides and polypeptides inspired by common ice-binding residues of IBPs to inform the synthesis and characterization of a potent bioinspired polymer that mimics IBP behavior. We show first that the threonine polypeptide (pThr) displays the best IRI activity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Second, we use pThr as a molecular model to synthesize and test a bioinspired polymer, poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) (pHPMA). We show that pHPMA exhibits potent IRI activity in neutral PBS at ultralow concentrations (0.01 mg/mL). pHPMA demonstrates potent IRI activity at low molecular weights (2.3 kDa), with improved activity at higher molecular weights (32.8 kDa). These results substantiate that pHPMA is a robust molecule that mitigates ice crystal growth at concentrations similar to native IBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Delesky
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Luis F Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Aparna J Lobo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Rebecca A Mikofsky
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Nicolas D Dowdy
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Jaqueline D Wallat
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wil V Srubar
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
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25
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Chen Y, Xiao W, Jia G, Sun A. Initial ice growth control mechanism for CMC-Na in model systems. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Hu B, Li GK, Ai GM, Zhang M, Su SS, He X, Li XL, Wang KR. Macrocycle molecule-based cryoprotectants for ice recrystallization inhibition and cell cryopreservation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6922-6927. [PMID: 35979758 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based cryoprotectants were developed. α-TMCD, which can be easily put into large-scale production, showed enhanced cell viabilities of 19.97 ± 0.78%, 13.93 ± 4.46% and 19.10 ± 0.95% against GES-1, hucMSCs and A549 cells. Moreover, the viable cells observed by light microscope imaging showed that the enhanced hucMSC cell number percentage of α-TMCD was 103.2%. An α-TMCD-DMSO-based CPA exhibited an enhanced cryoprotective effect by a mechanism of DMSO-enhanced cell penetrating effect and α-TMCD-DMSO synergistically enhanced IMA ability. α-TMCD exhibited potential for the discovery of macrocycle-molecule-based cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Kai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Min Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xu He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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27
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Abstract
Cryopreservation of cells and biologics underpins all biomedical research from routine sample storage to emerging cell-based therapies, as well as ensuring cell banks provide authenticated, stable and consistent cell products. This field began with the discovery and wide adoption of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectants over 60 years ago, but these tools do not work for all cells and are not ideal for all workflows. In this Review, we highlight and critically review the approaches to discover, and apply, new chemical tools for cryopreservation. We summarize the key (and complex) damage pathways during cellular cryopreservation and how each can be addressed. Bio-inspired approaches, such as those based on extremophiles, are also discussed. We describe both small-molecule-based and macromolecular-based strategies, including ice binders, ice nucleators, ice nucleation inhibitors and emerging materials whose exact mechanism has yet to be understood. Finally, looking towards the future of the field, the application of bottom-up molecular modelling, library-based discovery approaches and materials science tools, which are set to transform cryopreservation strategies, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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28
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Ding Z, Wang C, Zhou B, Su M, Yang S, Li Y, Qu C, Liu H. Antifreezing Hydroxyl Monolayer of Small Molecules on a Nanogold Surface. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5307-5315. [PMID: 35695804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) materials is challenging due to the poor understanding of the IRI mechanism at the molecular level. Here we report several new findings about IRI. (1) A dense hydroxyl monolayer of small molecules, e.g. 6-aza-2-thiothymine (ATT), adsorbed on a nanogold surface was demonstrated, for the first time, to have IRI activity. Five structural analogues adsorbed on groups nanogold with outward hydroxyl or methyl were created to evidence the origin of IRI activity. (2) Their IRI mechanism is closely related to the density of hydroxyls on a nanogold surface. However, the hydrophobic interaction in our model is not essential for macroscopic IRI activity. (3) A molecular dynamics simulation elucidates the hydroxyl density dependent IRI trajectories underlying the experimental observations, and the radial distribution function reveals that the methyl even slightly hinders the formation of hydrogen bonding due to a hydrophobic interaction. This work sheds more light on the IRI mechanism that should help in the customization of novel IRI materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Ding
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Baomei Zhou
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Su
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Yang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
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29
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Warren MT, Galpin I, Hasan M, Hindmarsh SA, Padrnos JD, Edwards-Gayle C, Mathers RT, Adams DJ, Sosso GC, Gibson MI. Minimalistic ice recrystallisation inhibitors based on phenylalanine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7658-7661. [PMID: 35723608 PMCID: PMC9260883 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallisation inhibition (IRI) is typically associated with ice binding proteins, but polymers and other mimetics are emerging. Here we identify phenylalanine as a minimalistic, yet potent, small-molecule IRI capable of inhibiting ice growth at just 1 mg mL-1. Facial amphiphilicity is shown to be a crucial structural feature, with para-substituents enhancing (hydrophobic) or decreasing (hydrophilic) IRI activity. Both amino and acid groups were found to be essential. Solution-phase self-assembly of Phenylalanine was not observed, but the role of self-assembly at the ice/water interface could not be ruled out as a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Warren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK
| | - Iain Galpin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK.
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK
| | | | - John D Padrnos
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, New Kensington, PA, 15068, USA
| | | | - Robert T Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, New Kensington, PA, 15068, USA
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV5 6NP, UK
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30
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Bai G, Hu J, Qin S, Qi Z, Zhuang H, Sun F, Lu Y, Jin S, Gao D, Wang J. Small-molecule fulvic acid with strong hydration ability for non-vitreous cellular cryopreservation. iScience 2022; 25:104423. [PMID: 35663038 PMCID: PMC9157229 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of biocompatible ice-control materials especially the small molecules for non-vitreous cryopreservation remains challenging. Here, we report a small molecule of fulvic acid (FA) with strong hydration ability, which enables non-vitreous cellular cryopreservation by reducing ice growth during freezing and reducing ice recrystallization/promoting ice melting during thawing. Without adding any other cryoprotectants, FA can enhance the recovery of sheep red blood cells (RBCs) by three times as compared with a commercial cryoprotectant (hydroxyethyl starch) under a stringent test condition. Investigation of water mobility reveals that the ice-control properties of FA can be ascribed to its strong bondage to water molecules. Furthermore, we found that FA can be absorbed by RBCs and mainly locates on membranes, suggesting the possible contribution of FA to cell protection through stabilizing membranes. This work bespeaks a bright future for small-molecule cryoprotectants in non-vitreous cryopreservation application. FA shows strong hydration ability FA reduces ice growth/recrystallization and promotes ice melting FA can be absorbed by RBCs and mainly locates on membranes FA enables non-vitreous cellular cryopreservation
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.,Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinhao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Sijia Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zipeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Hening Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Fude Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Youhua Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shenglin Jin
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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31
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Preparation of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Microparticles for Freeze Protection of Sensitive Fruit Crops. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122452. [PMID: 35746026 PMCID: PMC9228911 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) displays ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) properties as many antifreeze proteins found in cold tolerant organisms. The molecular architecture and composition (molecular weight and distribution of pendant OH and acetate groups) have been studied to improve the antifreezing properties of PVA, suggesting that the molecular architecture of PVA plays an important role in IRI activity. The present work deals with the preparation of PVA microparticles using an alkaline treatment. The effect of PVA molecular weight on the morphology and antifreezeing properties of PVA microparticles was investigated. The antifreezeing property of PVA microparticles on the susceptibility of flower bud tissues to freeze damage was also evaluated. The alkaline treatment of an aqueous PVA solution produced stable polymer chain aggregates with spherical shapes. The average size of the PVA microparticles increased significantly with the increasing molecular weight of the PVA macromolecule precursor. The PVA microparticles inhibited the growth of ice crystals and blocked ice growth at concentrations as low as 0.01 % w/v. The effect of impeding ice crystal growth by preventing the joining of adjacent ice crystals is attributed to the larger size of the PVA particles adsorbed on the ice surface compared to the aggregated PVA macromolecules in saline solution. The thermal hysteresis activity of PVA macromolecules and microparticles was not detected by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The PVA microparticles reduced the incidence of freeze injuries in flower bud tissues by 55% and their application, considering the low toxicity of PVA, has a high potential for freeze protection in fruit crops.
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32
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Jia G, Chen Y, Sun A, Orlien V. Control of ice crystal nucleation and growth during the food freezing process. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2433-2454. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Jia
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - AiDong Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Vibeke Orlien
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
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33
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Piao Z, Patel M, Park JK, Jeong B. Poly(l-alanine- co-l-lysine)- g-Trehalose as a Biomimetic Cryoprotectant for Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1995-2006. [PMID: 35412815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-alanine-co-l-lysine)-graft-trehalose (PAKT) was synthesized as a natural antifreezing glycopolypeptide (AFGP)-mimicking cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). FTIR and circular dichroism spectra indicated that the content of the α-helical structure of PAK decreased after conjugation with trehalose. Two protocols were investigated in cryopreservation of MSCs to prove the significance of the intracellularly delivered PAKT. In protocol I, MSCs were cryopreserved at -196 °C for 7 days by a slow-cooling procedure in the presence of both PAKT and free trehalose. In protocol II, MSCs were preincubated at 37 °C in a PAKT solution, followed by cryopreservation at -196 °C in the presence of free trehalose for 7 days by the slow-cooling procedure. Polymer and trehalose concentrations were varied by 0.0-1.0 and 0.0-15.0 wt %, respectively. Cell recovery was significantly improved by protocol II with preincubation of the cells in the PAKT solution. The recovered cells from protocol II exhibited excellent proliferation and maintained multilineage potentials into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation, similar to MSCs recovered from cryopreservation in the traditional 10% dimethyl sulfoxide system. Ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of the polymers/trehalose contributed to cell recovery; however, intracellularly delivered PEG-PAKT was the major contributor to the enhanced cell recovery in protocol II. Inhibitor studies suggested that macropinocytosis and caveolin-dependent endocytosis are the main mechanisms for the intracellular delivery of PEG-PAKT. 1H NMR and FTIR spectra suggested that the intracellular PEG-PAKTs interact with water and stabilize the cells during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Piao
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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34
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Warren M, Galpin I, Bachtiger F, Gibson MI, Sosso GC. Ice Recrystallization Inhibition by Amino Acids: The Curious Case of Alpha- and Beta-Alanine. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2237-2244. [PMID: 35238571 PMCID: PMC9007522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extremophiles produce macromolecules which inhibit ice recrystallization, but there is increasing interest in discovering and developing small molecules that can modulate ice growth. Realizing their potential requires an understanding of how these molecules function at the atomistic level. Here, we report the discovery that the amino acid l-α-alanine demonstrates ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity, functioning at 100 mM (∼10 mg/mL). We combined experimental assays with molecular simulations to investigate this IRI agent, drawing comparison to β-alanine, an isomer of l-α-alanine which displays no IRI activity. We found that the difference in the IRI activity of these molecules does not originate from their ice binding affinity, but from their capacity to (not) become overgrown, dictated by the degree of structural (in)compatibility within the growing ice lattice. These findings shed new light on the microscopic mechanisms of small molecule cryoprotectants, particularly in terms of their molecular structure and overgrowth by ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
T. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Galpin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Fabienne Bachtiger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele C. Sosso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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35
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36
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Zhang P, Zou R, Wu S, Meyer LA, Wang J, Kraus T. Gold Nanoprobes Exploring the Ice Structure in the Aqueous Dispersion of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2460-2466. [PMID: 35167305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ice structures and their formation process are fundamentally important to cryobiology, geoscience, and physical chemistry. In this work, we synthesized gold nanoprobes by grafting water-soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto spherical gold nanoparticles and analyzed the structure of ice formation in the vicinity of the resulting hybrid PEG-Au nanoparticles (AuPEGNPs). Temperature-dependent in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicated that AuPEGNPs, like PEG, caused the formation of bulk spherulite ice. Unlike for PEG, we observed the formation of lamellar ice with a periodicty of 4.6 nm, which is thermodynamically less stable than the bulk form. The lamellar ice formed after AuPEGNP agglomeration during cooling at -19 °C, and it remained during subsequent heating from -20 to -11 °C and melted at around -10 °C, far below the melting temperature of bulk ice. We explain different effects of AuPEGNP and free PEG on ice formation by the topological differences. The highly concentrated PEG chains on the agglomerated Au cores lead to the formation of PEG-hydrates that assemble into lamellar ice with a periodicity of 4.6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruike Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuwang Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lars-Arne Meyer
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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37
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Surís-Valls R, Hogervorst TP, Schoenmakers SMC, Hendrix MMRM, Milroy L, Voets IK. Inhibition of Ice Recrystallization by Nanotube-Forming Cyclic Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:520-529. [PMID: 35045706 PMCID: PMC8848283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While most native ice-binding proteins are rigid, artificial (macro)molecular ice-binders are usually flexible. Realizing a regular array with precisely positioned ice-binding motifs on synthetic proteins, (macro)molecular ice-binders are thus challenging. Here, we exploit the predictable assembly of cyclic peptides into nanotubes as a starting point to prepare large, rigid ice-binders bearing an ice-binding site that is found in hyperactive ice-binding proteins in insects. First, we designed, synthesized, and purified cyclic octapeptide Lys2CP8 bearing a TaT motif to promote ice binding and investigated their solution assembly and activity using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, light scattering (LS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) assays. The cyclic peptide Lys2CP8 was synthesized in good yield using Fmoc chemistry and purified by reversed-phase HPLC. Upon dissolution in aqueous solutions, Lys2CP8 was observed to assemble in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner into objects with nanoscopic dimensions. LS revealed the presence of small and large aggregates at pH 3 and 11, held together through a network of intermolecular antiparallel β-sheets as determined by FTIR and CD spectroscopy. Cryo-TEM revealed the presence of one-dimensional objects at pH 3 and 11. These are mostly well-dispersed at pH 3 but appear to bundle at pH 11. Interestingly, the pH-dependent self-assembly behavior translates into a marked pH dependence of IRI activity. Lys2CP8 is IRI-active at pH 3 while inactive at pH 11 hypothetically because the ice-binding sites are inaccessible at pH 11 due to bundling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romà Surís-Valls
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim P Hogervorst
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M C Schoenmakers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marco M R M Hendrix
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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38
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Kontopoulou I, Congdon TR, Bassett S, Mair B, Gibson MI. Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) by blue light bismuth oxide photocatalysed RAFT. Evaluation of the impact of freeze/thaw cycling on ice recrystallisation inhibition. Polym Chem 2022; 13:4692-4700. [PMID: 36092983 PMCID: PMC9379775 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, is the most potent polymeric ice recrystallisation inhibitor (IRI), mimicking a complex function of ice binding proteins. The IRI activity of PVA scales with its molecular weight and hence broad molecular weight distributions in free radical-derived PVAs lead to activity measurements dominated by small amounts of heavier fractions. Well-defined PVA can be prepared by thermally initiated RAFT/MADIX polymerization using xanthates by the polymerization of the less activated monomer vinyl acetate. The low conversions and molecular weights obtained during this approach, often requires feeding of additional initiator and bulk polymerization. Here we employ bismuth oxide photo-RAFT in solution, using blue light (450 nm), rather than previously reported white light, to obtain a library of PVA's. The use of blue light enabled quantitative conversion and acceptable dispersities. Purple light (380 nm) was also used, but asymmetric molecular weight distributions were obtained in some cases. High concentrations of high molecular weight PVA is known to form cryogels during freeze/thaw which has led to speculation this might limit the use of PVA in environments where the temperature cycles e.g. the construction industry. After 4 freeze/thaw cycles there was only small changes in observable IRI for all synthesised PVAs and two commercial standards. In an extended test, activity was retained after 100 freeze/thaw cycles, mitigating concerns that PVA could not be used in situations where freeze/thaw cycles occur. This work presents a convenient method to obtain well-defined PVAs for cryoscience studies compared to conventional thermal-RAFT and indicates that cryogelation concerns may not prevent their use. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is synthesised using blue light bismuth oxide photo-RAFT, to high conversion. The ice recrystallisation inhibition activity of these polymers was shown to be retained over 100 freeze/thaw cycles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Cryologyx Ltd, 71-75 Shelton Street, London, WC2H 9JQ, UK
| | - Simon Bassett
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Templefields, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2BH, UK
| | - Ben Mair
- Synthomer (UK) Ltd, Central Road, Templefields, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2BH, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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39
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Gore M, Narvekar A, Bhagwat A, Jain R, Dandekar P. Macromolecular cryoprotectants for the preservation of mammalian cell culture: lessons from crowding, overview and perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:143-169. [PMID: 34913462 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a process used for the storage of mammalian cells at a very low temperature, in a state of 'suspended animation.' Highly effective and safe macromolecular cryoprotectants (CPAs) have gained significant attention as they obviate the toxicity of conventional CPAs like dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and reduce the risks involved in the storage of cultures at liquid nitrogen temperatures. These agents provide cryoprotection through multiple mechanisms, involving extracellular and intracellular macromolecular crowding, thereby impacting the biophysical and biochemical dynamics of the freezing medium and the cryopreserved cells. These CPAs vary in their structures and physicochemical properties, which influence their cryoprotective activities. Moreover, the introduction of polymeric crowders in the cryopreservation media enables serum-free storage at low-DMSO concentrations and high-temperature vitrification of frozen cultures (-80 °C). This review highlights the need for macromolecular CPAs and describes their mechanisms of cryopreservation, by elucidating the role of crowding effects. It also classifies the macromolecules based on their chemistry and their structure-activity relationships. Furthermore, this article provides perspectives on the factors that may influence the outcomes of the cell freezing process or may help in designing and evaluating prospective macromolecules. This manuscript also includes case studies about cellular investigations that have been conducted to demonstrate the cryoprotective potential of macromolecular CPAs. Ultimately, this review provides essential directives that will further improve the cell cryopreservation process and may encourage the use of macromolecular CPAs to fortify basic, applied, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Gore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
| | - Aditya Narvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
| | - Advait Bhagwat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India.
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40
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Li M, Luckett CR, Wu T. Potent Time-Dependent Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Sucrose Solutions. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:497-504. [PMID: 34914371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploring novel materials with ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity in several fields often starts with a quantitative analysis of ice crystal size change by a splat assay or sandwich assay on a short time scale from 0.5 to 1 h. This study found that this time scale was insufficient to evaluate the IRI activity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in a model ice cream system-25.0% sucrose solution. No IRI activity was observed in CNCs incubated with ice crystals on a short time scale of 0.5-2.0 h. However, over longer time scales, the growth of ice crystals was entirely inhibited by 1.0% CNCs (between 2 and 24 h) and 0.5% CNCs (between 24 and 72 h) with corresponding final crystal sizes of 25 and 40 μm, respectively. Additionally, ice shaping was observed on a long exposure time, but not on a short exposure time. The findings presented here can be explained by a time-dependent surface coverage of CNCs on ice crystals. The data here indicate the importance of choosing a suitable exposure time for evaluating the IRI activity of new materials and prompt a better understanding of IRI mechanisms involving CNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Curtis R Luckett
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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41
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Marton HL, Styles KM, Kilbride P, Sagona AP, Gibson MI. Polymer-Mediated Cryopreservation of Bacteriophages. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5281-5289. [PMID: 34846863 PMCID: PMC8672357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages, bacteria-specific viruses) have biotechnological and therapeutic potential. To apply phages as pure or heterogeneous mixtures, it is essential to have a robust mechanism for transport and storage, with different phages having very different stability profiles across storage conditions. For many biologics, cryopreservation is employed for long-term storage and cryoprotectants are essential to mitigate cold-induced damage. Here, we report that poly(ethylene glycol) can be used to protect phages from cold damage, functioning at just 10 mg·mL-1 (∼1 wt %) and outperforms glycerol in many cases, which is a currently used cryoprotectant. Protection is afforded at both -20 and -80 °C, the two most common temperatures for frozen storage in laboratory settings. Crucially, the concentration of the polymer required leads to frozen solutions at -20 °C, unlike 50% glycerol (which results in liquid solutions). Post-thaw recoveries close to 100% plaque-forming units were achieved even after 2 weeks of storage with this method and kill assays against their bacterial host confirmed the lytic function of the phages. Initial experiments with other hydrophilic polymers also showed cryoprotection, but at this stage, the exact mechanism of this protection cannot be concluded but does show that water-soluble polymers offer an alternative tool for phage storage. Ice recrystallization inhibiting polymers (poly(vinyl alcohol)) were found to provide no additional protection, in contrast to their ability to protect proteins and microorganisms which are damaged by recrystallization. PEG's low cost, solubility, well-established low toxicity/immunogenicity, and that it is fit for human consumption at the concentrations used make it ideal to help translate new approaches for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba L. Marton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Kathryn M. Styles
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Asymptote,
Cytiva, Chivers Way, Cambridge CB24 9BZ, U.K.
| | - Antonia P. Sagona
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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Wu X, Yao F, Zhang H, Li J. Antifreeze proteins and their biomimetics for cell cryopreservation: Mechanism, function and application-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1276-1291. [PMID: 34634336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising technology for intractable diseases and health care applications, in which cryopreservation has become an essential procedure to realize the production of therapeutic cells. Ice recrystallization is the major factor that affects the post-thaw viability of cells. As a typical series of biomacromolecules with ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity, antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have been employed in cell cryopreservation. Meanwhile, synthesized materials with IRI activity have emerged in the name of biomimetics of AFPs to expand their availability and practicality. However, fabrication of AFPs mimetics is in a chaotic period. There remains little commonality among different AFPs mimetics, then it is difficult to set guidelines on their design. With no doubt, a comprehensive understanding on the antifreezing mechanism of AFPs in molecular level will enable us to rebuild the function of AFPs, and provide convenience to clarify the relationship between structure and function of these early stage biomimetics. In this review, we would discuss those previously reported biomimetics to summarize their structure characteristics concerning the IRI activity and attempt to develop a roadmap for guiding the design of novel AFPs mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fanglian Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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43
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Exploring the application and mechanism of sodium hyaluronate in cryopreservation of red blood cells. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100156. [PMID: 34825160 PMCID: PMC8603211 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) is essential for transfusion therapy and maintaining the inventory of RBCs units. The existing cryoprotectants (CPAs) have many defects, and the search for novel CPAs is becoming a research hotspot. Sodium hyaluronate (SH) is polymerized from sodium glucuronate and N-acetylglucosamine, which has good water binding capacity and biocompatibility. Herein, we reported for the first time that under the action of medium molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (MSH), the thawed RBCs recovery increased from 33.1 ± 5.8% to 63.2 ± 3.5%. In addition, RBCs functions and properties were maintained normally, and the residual MSH could be removed by direct washing. When MSH was used with a very low concentration (5% v/v) of glycerol (Gly), the thawed RBCs recovery could be increased to 92.3 ± 4.6%. In general, 40% v/v Gly was required to achieve similar efficiency. A mathematical model was used to compare the performance of MSH, PVA and trehalose in cryopreservation, and MSH showed the best efficiency. It was found that MSH could periodically regulate the content of intracellular water through the “reservoir effect” to reduce the damages during freezing and thawing. Moreover, MSH could inhibit ice recrystallization when combined with RBCs. The high viscosity and strong water binding capacity of MSH was also conducive to reducing the content of ice. This works points out a new direction for cryopreservation of RBCs and may promote transfusion therapy in clinic. MSH improved the RBCs recovery in cryopreservation. MSH can be removed directly after thawing. The properties and functions of RBCs were protected by MSH. High RBCs recovery is found using MSH with 5% v/v glycerol. The mathematical model is studied for the cryopreservation. The mechanism is proposed for cryopreservation using MSH.
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44
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Piao Z, Park JK, Patel M, Lee HJ, Jeong B. Poly(l-Ala- co-l-Lys) Exhibits Excellent Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Activity. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1436-1442. [PMID: 35549012 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The control of ice recrystallization is very important in cryo-technological fields such as the food industry, biopharmaceuticals, and cell storage. Ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) compounds are therefore designed to limit the growth of ice crystals, decrease the crystal size, and control the crystal shape. To improve the IRI activity of cryo-systems, various synthetic polymers such as biomimetic polypeptides from polar fish, facially amphiphilic polymers, polyampholytes, poly(vinyl alcohol) derivatives, and block copolymers with hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance have been developed. Except for graphene oxide, poly(vinyl alcohol) has thus far exhibited the best performance among these polymers. Herein, poly(l-alanine-co-l-lysine) (PAK) was shown to exhibit a similar IRI activity to that of poly(vinyl alcohol). Moreover, in contrast to the needle-shaped ice crystals generated by the aqueous PVA solution, the PAK solution was shown to generate cubic-to-spherical shaped ice crystals. Furthermore, neither poly(l-alanine-co-l-aspartic acid) (PAD) nor poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a similar molecular weight provided any significant IRI activity. Examination by FTIR and circular dichroism spectroscopies indicated that the PAK forms α-helices, whereas the PAD forms random coils in water. Further, a dynamic ice shaping study suggested that PAK strongly interacts with ice crystals, whereas PAD and PEG only weakly interact. These results suggest that PAK is an important compound with superior IRI activity and that this activity is dependent upon the functional groups and secondary structure of the polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Piao
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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45
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He X, Hu B, Yang Y, Zhu HY, Rong RX, Li XL, Wang KR. Synthesis, self-aggregation and cryopreservation effects of perylene bisimide-glycopeptide conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12000-12003. [PMID: 34709255 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03835d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three perylene bisimide-glycopeptide conjugates (PBI-AFF-Man, PBI-AFF-Glu and PBI-AFF-Gal) were synthesized, which showed moderate activity in the control of ice crystal growth. Furthermore, the cellular cryopreservation effects of PBI-AFF-Man, PBI-AFF-Glu and PBI-AFF-Gal showed enhancements in cell viabilities, especially for PBI-AFF-Glu with values of 22.77 ± 3.33% (HeLa cells), 19.43 ± 1.90% (A549 cells) and 16.63 ± 1.76% (GES-1 cells) at a dose of 1.0 mg mL-1. This work will help guide the development of self-assembled cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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46
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Cui S, Zhang W, Shao X, Cai W. Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins Promote Ice Growth before Binding to It. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:5165-5174. [PMID: 34711054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antifreeze mechanism of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) evolved by organisms has been widely studied. However, detailed knowledge of the synergy between AFPs and ice crystals still remains fragmentary. In the present contribution, the cooperative effect of the hyperactive insect antifreeze protein TmAFP and ice crystals on the interfacial water during the entire process of inhibiting ice growth is systematically investigated at the atomic level and compared with its low activity mutant and a nonantifreeze protein. The results indicate a significant synergy between TmAFP and ice crystals, which enables the TmAFP to promote the ice growth before adsorbing on the surfaces of the ice crystals, while the mutant and the nonantifreeze protein cannot promote the ice growth due to the lack of this synergy. When TmAFP approaches the ice surface, the interfacial water is induced by both the AFP and the ice crystals to form the anchored clathrate motif, which binds TmAFP to the ice surface, resulting in a local increase in the curvature of the ice surface, thereby inhibiting the growth of ice. In this study, three stages, namely, promotion, adsorption, and inhibition, are observed in the complete process of TmAFP inhibiting ice growth, and the synergistic mechanism between protein and ice crystals is revealed. The results are helpful for the design of antifreeze proteins and bioinspired antifreeze materials with superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Cui
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin 300071, China
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47
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Park JK, Patel M, Piao Z, Park SJ, Jeong B. Size and Shape Control of Ice Crystals by Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Their Implication in the Cryoprotection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33969-33980. [PMID: 34275265 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise control over the size and shape of ice crystals is a key factor to consider in designing antifreezing and cryoprotecting molecules for cryopreservation of cells. Here, we report that a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-alanine) (PEG-PA) block copolymer exhibits excellent cryoprotecting properties for stem cells and antifreezing properties for water. As the molecular weight of PA increased from 500, 760, and 1750 Da (P1, P2, and P3) at the same PEG molecular weight of 5000 Da, the β-sheet content decreased and α-helix content increased. Comparing P2 (PEG-PA; 5000-760) and P4 (PEG-PA: 1000-750), β-sheets increased as the PEG block length decreased. The critical micelle concentration of the PEG-PA block copolymers was in a range of 0.5-3.0 mg/mL and was proportional to the hydrophobicity of the PEG-PA block copolymers. The P1, P2, and P3 self-assembled into spherical micelles, whereas P4 formed micelles with cylindrical morphology. The difference in the block copolymer structure affected ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity and cryopreservation of cells. IRI activity was assayed via mean largest grain size (MLGS), and interactions between polymers and ice crystal surfaces were studied by dynamic ice-shaping studies. The MLGS decreased to 58 → 53 → 45 → 35 → 23% of that of PBS, as the polymer (PEG-PA 5000-500) concentration increased from 0.0 (PBS; control) → 1.0 → 5.0 → 10 → 30 → 50 mg/mL. The MLGS of PEG 5k solutions (negative control) decreased to 74 → 71 → 64 → 44 → 37% of that of PBS in the same concentration range. P3 and P4 with a longer hydrophobic PA block developed elongated ice crystals at above 30 mg/mL. The dynamic ice-shaping study exhibited that ice crystals became needle-shaped, as the hydrophobicity of the polymer increased as in P2-P4. The cell recovery in the P1 system after cryopreservation at -196 °C for 7 days was 87% of that of the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 10% system (positive control). The cell recovery was 48% for the P2 system and drastically decreased to less than 30% of that of the DMSO 10% system in the P3, P4, PEG 5k, PEG 1k, PVA 80H, and PVA 100H systems. Current studies suggest that IRI activity, round ice crystal shaping, and membrane stabilization activity of P1 cooperatively provide excellent cell recovery among the candidate systems. Recovered stem cells exhibited excellent proliferation and multilineage differentiation into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. To conclude, the PEG-PA (5000-500) block copolymer is suggested to be a promising antifreezing cryoprotectant for stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zhengyu Piao
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Murray A, Congdon TR, Tomás RMF, Kilbride P, Gibson MI. Red Blood Cell Cryopreservation with Minimal Post-Thaw Lysis Enabled by a Synergistic Combination of a Cryoprotecting Polyampholyte with DMSO/Trehalose. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:467-477. [PMID: 34097399 PMCID: PMC7612374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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From trauma wards
to chemotherapy, red blood cells are essential
in modern medicine. Current methods to bank red blood cells typically
use glycerol (40 wt %) as a cryoprotective agent. Although highly
effective, the deglycerolization process, post-thaw, is time-consuming
and results in some loss of red blood cells during the washing procedures.
Here, we demonstrate that a polyampholyte, a macromolecular cryoprotectant,
synergistically enhances ovine red blood cell cryopreservation in
a mixed cryoprotectant system. Screening of DMSO and trehalose mixtures
identified optimized conditions, where cytotoxicity was minimized
but cryoprotective benefit maximized. Supplementation with polyampholyte
allowed 97% post-thaw recovery (3% hemolysis), even under extremely
challenging slow-freezing and -thawing conditions. Post-thaw washing
of the cryoprotectants was tolerated by the cells, which is crucial
for any application, and the optimized mixture could be applied directly
to cells, causing no hemolysis after 1 h of exposure. The procedure
was also scaled to use blood bags, showing utility on a scale relevant
for application. Flow cytometry and adenosine triphosphate assays
confirmed the integrity of the blood cells post-thaw. Microscopy confirmed
intact red blood cells were recovered but with some shrinkage, suggesting
that optimization of post-thaw washing could further improve this
method. These results show that macromolecular cryoprotectants can
provide synergistic benefit, alongside small molecule cryoprotectants,
for the storage of essential cell types, as well as potential practical
benefits in terms of processing/handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Thomas R Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Ruben M F Tomás
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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49
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Georgiou P, Marton HL, Baker AN, Congdon TR, Whale TF, Gibson MI. Polymer Self-Assembly Induced Enhancement of Ice Recrystallization Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7449-7461. [PMID: 33944551 PMCID: PMC8154521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ice binding proteins modulate ice nucleation/growth and have huge (bio)technological potential. There are few synthetic materials that reproduce their function, and rational design is challenging due to the outstanding questions about the mechanisms of ice binding, including whether ice binding is essential to reproduce all their macroscopic properties. Here we report that nanoparticles obtained by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) inhibit ice recrystallization (IRI) despite their constituent polymers having no apparent activity. Poly(ethylene glycol), poly(dimethylacrylamide), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) coronas were all IRI-active when assembled into nanoparticles. Different core-forming blocks were also screened, revealing the core chemistry had no effect. These observations show ice binding domains are not essential for macroscopic IRI activity and suggest that the size, and crowding, of polymers may increase the IRI activity of "non-active" polymers. It was also discovered that poly(vinylpyrrolidone) particles had ice crystal shaping activity, indicating this polymer can engage ice crystal surfaces, even though on its own it does not show any appreciable ice recrystallization inhibition. Larger (vesicle) nanoparticles are shown to have higher ice recrystallization inhibition activity compared to smaller (sphere) particles, whereas ice nucleation activity was not found for any material. This shows that assembly into larger structures can increase IRI activity and that increasing the "size" of an IRI does not always lead to ice nucleation. This nanoparticle approach offers a platform toward ice-controlling soft materials and insight into how IRI activity scales with molecular size of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis
G. Georgiou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Huba L. Marton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Alexander N. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Thomas R. Congdon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Thomas F. Whale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
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50
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Bailey TL, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Gibson MI. Proline pre-conditioning of cell monolayers increases post-thaw recovery and viability by distinct mechanisms to other osmolytes. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:982-993. [PMID: 34223163 PMCID: PMC8221256 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cryopreservation is an essential tool for drug toxicity/function screening and transporting cell-based therapies, and is essential in most areas of biotechnology. There is a challenge, however, associated with the cryopreservation of cells in monolayer format (attached to tissue culture substrates) which gives far lower cell yields (<20% typically) compared to suspension freezing. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which the protective osmolyte l-proline enhances cell-monolayer cryopreservation. Pre-incubating A549 cells with proline, prior to cryopreservation in monolayers, increased post-thaw cell yields two-fold, and the recovered cells grow faster compared to cells cryopreserved using DMSO alone. Further increases in yield were achieved by adding polymeric ice recrystallization inhibitors, which gave limited benefit in the absence of proline. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a biochemical, rather than biophysical (i.e. not affecting ice growth) mode of action. It was observed that incubating cells with proline (before freezing) transiently reduced the growth rate of the cells, which was not seen with other osmolytes (betaine and alanine). Removal of proline led to rapid growth recovery, suggesting that proline pre-conditions the cells for cold stress, but with no impact on downstream cell function. Whole cell proteomics did not reveal a single pathway or protein target but rather cells appeared to be primed for a stress response in multiple directions, which together prepare the cells for freezing. These results support the use of proline alongside standard conditions to improve post-thaw recovery of cell monolayers, which is currently considered impractical. It also demonstrates that a chemical biology approach to discovering small molecule biochemical modulators of cryopreservation may be possible, to be used alongside traditional (solvent) based cryoprotectants. Cell cryopreservation is an essential tool for transporting cell-based therapies, and is essential in most areas of biotechnology. Here proline pre-incubation prior to cell monolayer cryopreservation is explored, increasing post-thaw yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha L Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK .,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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