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Chileh-Chelh T, López-Ruiz R, García-Cervantes AM, Rodríguez-García I, Rincón-Cervera MA, Ezzaitouni M, Guil-Guerrero JL. Cytotoxicity and Chemotaxonomic Significance of Saponins from Wild and Cultured Asparagus Shoots. Molecules 2024; 29:3367. [PMID: 39064945 PMCID: PMC11279782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The shoots of Asparagus L. are consumed worldwide, although most species belonging to this genus have a restricted range, and several taxa remain unstudied. In this work, a total of four taxa from different locations were scrutinized and compared with cultivated A. officinalis. All shoots were screened for saponins via LC-MS, and in vitro antiproliferative activities against the HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line were assessed via the MTT assay. The total saponins (TS) contained in the crude extracts ranged from 710.0 (A. officinalis) to 1258.6 mg/100 g dw (A. acutifolius). The richness of the compounds detected in this work stands out; a total of 47 saponins have been detected and quantified in the edible parts (shoots) of five taxa of Asparagus. The structure of all the saponins found present skeletons of the furostane and spirostane type. In turn, the structures with a furostane skeleton are divided into unsaturated and dioxygenated types, both in the 20-22 position. The sum of dioscin and derivatives varied largely among the studied taxa, reaching the following percentages of TS: 27.11 (A. officinalis), 18.96 (A. aphyllus), 5.37 (A. acutifolius), and 0.59 (A. albus); while in A. horridus, this compound remains undetected. Aspachiosde A, D, and M varied largely among samples, while a total of seven aspaspirostanosides were characterized in the analyzed species. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the saponin profiles clearly separated the various taxa and demonstrated that the taxonomic position is more important than the place from which the samples were acquired. Thus, saponin profiles have chemotaxonomic significance in Asparagus taxa. The MTT assay showed dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects of all saponins extracts on HT-29 cancer cells, and the strongest cell growth inhibition was exercised by A. albus and A. acutifolius (GI50 of 125 and 175 µg/mL). This work constitutes a whole approach to evaluating the saponins from the shoots of different Asparagus taxa and provides arguments for using them as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Chileh-Chelh
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (T.C.-C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Department Chemistry-Physics, Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Ana M. García-Cervantes
- Department Chemistry-Physics CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.G.-C.)
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-García
- Department Chemistry-Physics CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.M.G.-C.)
| | - Miguel A. Rincón-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (T.C.-C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Mohamed Ezzaitouni
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (T.C.-C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - José L. Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (T.C.-C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
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Wang F, Liang L, Yu M, Wang W, Badar IH, Bao Y, Zhu K, Li Y, Shafi S, Li D, Diao Y, Efferth T, Xue Z, Hua X. Advances in antitumor activity and mechanism of natural steroidal saponins: A review of advances, challenges, and future prospects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155432. [PMID: 38518645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide following cardiovascular diseases, presents a formidable challenge in clinical settings due to the extensive toxic side effects associated with primary chemotherapy drugs employed for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the emergence of drug resistance against specific chemotherapeutic agents has further complicated the situation. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative to investigate novel anticancer drugs. Steroidal saponins, a class of natural compounds, have demonstrated notable antitumor efficacy. Nonetheless, their translation into clinical applications has remained unrealized thus far. In light of this, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review elucidating the antitumor activity, underlying mechanisms, and inherent limitations of steroidal saponins. Additionally, we propose a series of strategic approaches and recommendations to augment the antitumor potential of steroidal saponin compounds, thereby offering prospective insights for their eventual clinical implementation. PURPOSE This review summarizes steroidal saponins' antitumor activity, mechanisms, and limitations. METHODS The data included in this review are sourced from authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and others. RESULTS A comprehensive summary of over 40 steroidal saponin compounds with proven antitumor activity, including their applicable tumor types and structural characteristics, has been compiled. These steroidal saponins can be primarily classified into five categories: spirostanol, isospirostanol, furostanol, steroidal alkaloids, and cholestanol. The isospirostanol and cholestanol saponins are found to have more potent antitumor activity. The primary antitumor mechanisms of these saponins include tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy induction, inhibition of tumor migration, overcoming drug resistance, and cell cycle arrest. However, steroidal saponins have limitations, such as higher cytotoxicity and lower bioavailability. Furthermore, strategies to address these drawbacks have been proposed. CONCLUSION In summary, isospirostanol and cholestanol steroidal saponins demonstrate notable antitumor activity and different structural categories of steroidal saponins exhibit variations in their antitumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical application of steroidal saponins in cancer treatment still faces limitations, and further research and development are necessary to advance their potential in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR, PR China
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Badar
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China; Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Saba Shafi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongchao Diao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
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Zhou J, Zhao XM, An RF, Li XR, Wu KT, Li SM, Huang XF. Four new steroidal glycosides from Lilium lancifolium Thunb. and their antitumor activity. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105808. [PMID: 38168567 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Four new steroidal glycosides (1-4), including two steroidal saponins named lililancifoloside B and C (1-2), one pregnane glycoside named lililancifoloside D (3), and one C22-steroidal lactone glycoside named lililancifoloside E (4), together with five known ones (5-9), were isolated from the bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. By using spectroscopic analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, the structures of 1-4 were elucidated. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxic potential against the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and A549 cell lines. Compound 6 distinguished out among them, IC50 values of 3.31, 5.23, 1.78, and 1.49 μM against the four cell lines, respectively. Other compounds such as compound 3, 5, and 9 have also shown specific cytotoxic activity. Next, studies showed that compound 6 might cause HepG2 cells to undergo a cell cycle arrest during the G2/M phase and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin-Meng Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren-Feng An
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai-Tian Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Chileh Chelh T, Rincon-Cervera MA, Gomez-Mercado F, Lopez-Ruiz R, Gallon-Bedoya M, Ezzaitouni M, Guil-Guerrero JL. Wild Asparagus Shoots Constitute a Healthy Source of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:5786. [PMID: 37570757 PMCID: PMC10421306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild Asparagus shoots are consumed worldwide, although most species remain understudied. In this work, a total of four wild Asparagus species were collected from different locations and analyzed compared with farmed A. officinalis. Shoots were screened for (i) phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS; (ii) total phenolic acids and total flavonoid content by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods; (iii) vitamin C by HPLC-DAD; (iv) antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS•+ methods; and (v) the in vitro antiproliferative activities against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells by the MTT assay. Phenolics ranged from 107.5 (A. aphyllus) to 605.4 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) (A. horridus). Vitamin C ranged from 15.8 (A. acutifolius) to 22.7 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) (A. officinalis). The antioxidant activity was similar in all species, standing out in A. officinalis with 5.94 (DPPH) and 4.64 (ABTS) mmol TE/100 g dw. Among phenolics, rutin reached the highest values (574 mg/100 g dw in A. officinalis), followed by quercetin, nicotiflorin, asterin, and narcissin. The MTT assay revealed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts against HT-29 cancer cells, highlighting the cell growth inhibition exercised by A. albus (300 µg/mL after 72 h exposure to cells). This work improves knowledge on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of the shoots of wild Asparagus species and confirms their suitability for use as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Chileh Chelh
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - Miguel A. Rincon-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | | | - Rosalia Lopez-Ruiz
- Chemical-Physical Department, Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
| | - Manuela Gallon-Bedoya
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Medellín Campus, National University of Colombia, Medellin 050034, Colombia;
| | - Mohamed Ezzaitouni
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - Jose L. Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
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Zhao L, Yu Y, Li L, Wang J, Wang J, Su S, Ding J, Zhang Y, Wang A, Zhou K. Isobavachalcone disrupts mitochondrial respiration and induces cytotoxicity through ROS accumulation and Akt suppression. Toxicon 2022; 216:28-36. [PMID: 35780971 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is one of the flavonoid components in Fructus Psoraleae, and has been found multiple pharmacological effects. However, the hepatotoxicity of IBC has been overlooked and not been carefully studied. We aim to find out the cytotoxicity of IBC on HepG2 cells, and explore the underlying mechanisms. HepG2 cells were treated with IBC for 24 h, then MTT assay and LDH assay were used to detect the cell viability. The apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were reflected by the flow cytometry. Using Seahorse Analyzer, we measured the mitochondrial respiratory capacity. The expression of oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins were determined by Western blot. The results showed that IBC induced the cell death and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. IBC initiated the accumulation of ROS in cells and impaired the mitochondrial function, triggered apoptosis and suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt. Additionally, scavenging ROS by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) reduced IBC-induced mitochondria damage and increased Akt phosphorylation. Taken together, IBC caused mitochondrial damage and induced hepatotoxicity by ROS accumulation and Akt suppression. Targeting oxidative stress and depressing mitochondrial damage may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment and prevention of IBC-induced hepatotoxicity in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shijia Su
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Anhong Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 731600, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Liang H, Li L, Zhu S, Tan J, Yang B, Wang X, Wu G, Xie C, Li L, Liu Z, Li Y, Song H, Chen G, Lin L. MicroRNA-744-5p suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of osteosarcoma through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway by targeting transforming growth factor-beta 1. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12309-12325. [PMID: 35593122 PMCID: PMC9276001 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2072619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the progression of OS. In this study, we found that miR-744-5p was the least expressed miRNA in patients with OS by analyzing GSE65071 from the GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) database. Through real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, colony formation assay, 5-Ethynyl-2-Deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays, we demonstrated its ability to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells in vitro. According to the luciferase reporter assay, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) was negatively regulated by miR-744-5p and reversed the effects of miR-744-5p on OS. Subcutaneous tumor-forming animal models and tail vein injection lung metastatic models were used in animal experiments, and it was found that miR-744-5p negatively regulated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, rescue assays verified that miR-744-5p regulates TGFB1 expression in OS. Further experiments revealed that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the miR-744-5p/TGFB1 axis. Generally, this study suggests that miR-744-5p is a negative regulator of TGFB1 and suppresses OS progression and metastasis via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Liang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of orthopedics, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianye Tan
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingsheng Yang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lutao Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhengwei Liu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Hamdi A, Jaramillo-Carmona S, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Jiménez-Araujo A, Lachaal M, Karray-Bouraoui N, Guillén-Bejarano R. Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Asparagus acutifolius: A Focus on Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Lipase Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:3328. [PMID: 34206066 PMCID: PMC8198970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical composition of leaves, stems, pericarps and rhizomes ethanolic extracts of Asparagus acutifolius were characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS. A. acutifolius samples contain at least eleven simple phenolics, one flavonon, two flavonols and six steroidal saponins. The stem extracts showed the highest total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents, where cafeic acid and rutin were the main compounds. No flavonoids were detected in the leaf, pericarp or rhizome while caffeic acid and ferulic acid were the predominant. Steroidal saponins were detected in the different plant parts of A. acutifolius, and the highest contents were found in the rhizome extracts. The stem extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the highest 2,2-azino-bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity was found in the pericarp extracts. The rhizome and leaf extracts showed a potent cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 and HepG2 cell lines. Moreover, the pericarp and rhizome extracts revealed a moderate lipase inhibitory activity. The leaf and rhizome extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic isolates. The leaf extract exhibited a powerful inhibitory activity against all the bacteria and fungi tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Hamdi
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (S.J.-C.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
- Unité de Physiologie et de Biochimie de la Réponse des Plantes aux Contraintes Abiotiques, FST Campus, Université Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia; (M.L.); (N.K.-B.)
| | - Sara Jaramillo-Carmona
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (S.J.-C.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Arcos
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (S.J.-C.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Ana Jiménez-Araujo
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (S.J.-C.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Mokhtar Lachaal
- Unité de Physiologie et de Biochimie de la Réponse des Plantes aux Contraintes Abiotiques, FST Campus, Université Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia; (M.L.); (N.K.-B.)
| | - Najoua Karray-Bouraoui
- Unité de Physiologie et de Biochimie de la Réponse des Plantes aux Contraintes Abiotiques, FST Campus, Université Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia; (M.L.); (N.K.-B.)
| | - Rafael Guillén-Bejarano
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (S.J.-C.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
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Norcantharidin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis via activation of ERK and JNK, but not p38 signaling in human renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:267-278. [PMID: 33151174 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is generally acknowledged as the most resistant primary malignancy unresponsive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments. Norcantharidin (NCTD), a therapeutic compound derived from medicinal plants, has been shown to trigger apoptosis, as well as antimetastatic and antioxidant activities in several tumor cells. However, NCTD's mechanism of antitumor activity in the RCC cell line remains unclear. In this study, we report that NCTD led to a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. It had also markedly induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner by decreasing the expressions of pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9, cyclin B1, and pCDC25C while increasing active caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, P21, and pCDC2 levels. Interestingly, NCTD treatment provoked the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not of p38 MAPK. Moreover, SCH772984 and SP600125, ERK and JNK inhibitors, respectively, could partially abolish NCTD-induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these findings suggest that NCTD might activate JNK and ERK signaling pathways, consequently inducing apoptosis and G2/M arrest through the modulation of related proteins. This study provided evidence that NCTD is a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of RCC.
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Erianin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cells through down-regulation of PI3K/AKT, p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathways. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225824. [PMID: 32677672 PMCID: PMC7385585 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the dominant pathological type of primary liver cancer and no effective methods are available for its treatment. Erianin is a natural product extracted from Dendrobium, which possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidative and antitumor activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-HCC activities of erianin and explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS MTT assay and Crystal Violet staining assay were used to select the non-toxic concentrations for the subsequent experiments. The colony formation assay and PCNA fluorescent staining were used to investigate the antiproliferative effects of erianin on human SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells. Wound healing and transwell test were used to analyze cell migration and invasion. Caspase3 and Tunel staining were used to detect apoptosis. Western blot was used to examine the expression levels of proteins associated with invasion and key proteins in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. RESULTS Erianin inhibited HCC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Decreased migration rate and invaded cells were observed with erianin supplement. The expression of invasion-associated proteins in the erianin group was also down-regulated. Besides, more apoptotic cells were observed after erianin treatment. For the molecular mechanism, erianin inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK and P38 in the PI3K/Akt and ERK/P38 pathway. CONCLUSION We demonstrated, for the first time, that erianin inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and induced the apoptosis of HCC through PI3K/Akt, p38 and ERK MAPK signaling pathway, indicating that erianin is a promising agent for the HCC treatment.
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10
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Zhang L, Yang C, Huang Y, Huang H, Yuan X, Zhang P, Ye C, Wei M, Wang Y, Luo X, Luo J. Cardamonin inhibits the growth of human osteosarcoma cells through activating P38 and JNK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111155. [PMID: 33370628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone malignant tumors. Clinical commonly used therapeutic drugs of OS treatment are prone to toxic and side effects, so it is very urgent to develop new drugs with low toxicity and low side effects. As a Chinese herbal medicine, Cardamonin (CAR) (C16H14O4) has inhibitory effects in various tumors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CAR on OS cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that CAR inhibited cell proliferation, reduced migration, decreased invasion, and induced G2 / M arrest of OS cells. Notably, we demonstrated that CAR had no obvious effect on proliferation and apoptosis of normal cells. Besides, CAR repressed tumor growth of OS cells in xenograft mouse model. Mechanically, we found that CAR increased the phosphorylation level of P38 and JNK. In summary, our research validates that CAR may inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS and promote apoptosis possibly by activating P38 and JNK Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunmei Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Huakun Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Caihong Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mengqi Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinyong Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Rahman M, Almalki WH, Alrobaian M, Iqbal J, Alghamdi S, Alharbi KS, Alruwaili NK, Hafeez A, Shaharyar A, Singh T, Waris M, Kumar V, Beg S. Nanocarriers-loaded with natural actives as newer therapeutic interventions for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:489-513. [PMID: 33225771 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1854223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer has always been a menace for the society. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and 3rdlargest causes of deaths around the world.Area covered: The emergence of natural actives is considered as the greatest boon for fighting cancer. The natural actives take precedence over the traditional chemotherapeutic drugs in terms of their multi-target, multi-level and coordinated effects in the treatment of HCC. Literature reports have indicated the tremendous potential of bioactive natural products in inhibiting the HCC via molecular drug targeting, augmented bioavailability, and the ability for both passive or active targeting and stimulus-responsive drug release characteristics. This review provides a newer treatment approaches involved in the mechanism of action of different natural actives used for the HCC treatment via different molecular pathways. Besides, the promising advantage of natural bioactive-loaded nanocarriers in HCC treatment has also been also presented in this review. Expert opinion: The remarkable outcomes have been observed with therapeutic efficacy of the nanocarriers of natural actives in the treatment of HCC.Furthermore, it requires a thorough assessment of the safety and efficacy evaluation of the nanocarriers for the delivery of targeted natural active ingredients in HCC.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics & and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adil Shaharyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, T.P.S College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Waris
- Department of Botany, T.P.S College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nanomedicine Research Lab, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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12
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Lai C, Wu F, Wang Y, Wang W, Li Y, Zhang G, Gao J, Zhu Z, Yuan J, Yang J, Zhang W. Specific epigenetic microenvironment and the regulation of tumor-related gene expression by trichloroethylene in human hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111453. [PMID: 33068984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE), an important volatile organic solvent, causes a series of toxic damage to human. Conventional genetic mechanisms cannot fully explain its toxicity and carcinogenicity, indicative of the possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Our study was intended to investigate the epigenetic toxicity and underlying mechanisms of TCE. Data showed that 0.3 mM TCE treatment for 24 h increased the growth of L-02 cells transiently. In contrast, subacute exposure to TCE inhibited cell growth and induced the genomic DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation. Further studies have revealed the TCE-induced DNA hypomethylation in the promoter regions of tumor-related genes, N-Ras, c-Jun, c-Myc, c-Fos and IGF-II, promoting their protein levels in a time-dependent manner. These results reveal there is a negative relationship existing between DNA hypomethylation and protein expression in tumor-related gene after TCE exposure under specific epigenetic microenvironment, serving as early biomarkers for TCE-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Lai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Gaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Jianji Gao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Baoan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, PR China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518054, PR China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Shenzhen Taike Test Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518053, PR China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
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13
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Song NN, Yang LM, Zhang MJ, An RF, Liu W, Huang XF. Triterpenoid saponins and phenylpropanoid glycoside from the roots of Ardisia crenata and their cytotoxic activities. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:63-69. [PMID: 33516453 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two new triterpenoid saponins, ardisicrenoside R and S (1 and 2), and one new phenylpropanoid glycoside, ardicrephenin (3), along with five known compounds (4-8), were isolated from roots of Ardisia crenata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data and chemical methods. Compounds 2-7 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A549, MCF-7, HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by MTT assay. Ardicrenin (6) showed significant cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 1.17 ± 0.01, 1.19 ± 0.06, 3.52 ± 0.23, and 16.61 ± 1.02 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Song
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei-Min Yang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren-Feng An
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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14
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Deciphering Antitumor Mechanism of Pien Tze Huang in Mice of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Proteomics. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:4876251. [PMID: 33344655 PMCID: PMC7728492 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4876251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese formula Pien Tze Huang (PZH) has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and showed positive clinical effects. However, the antitumor mechanism of PZH in HCC remains unclear. In this study, HCC xenograft Balb/c mice were treated with PZH; then, proteomics detection and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to analyze the differentiated phosphorylated proteins in tumor tissues. The results indicated that PZH could inhibit tumor weight by 50.76%. Eighty-four upregulated and 11 downregulated phosphorylated proteins were identified in PZH-treated mice. Twenty signaling pathways were associated with inflammation (including the IL-6 and TNFR1/2 pathways), cancer growth (including the p53 and FAK pathways), and the cell cycle (including the G2/M and G1/S checkpoint regulation pathways). Moreover, TNF-α, IL-6, and several typical differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins (such as p-CCNB1, p-FOXO3, and p-STAT3) in tumor tissues, tumor cell viability, and cell cycle arrest assay in vitro further verify the results of IPA. These results revealed that PZH achieved antitumor activity in HCC; the underlying mechanisms of which were mainly through regulating the inflammation-associated cytokine secretion, cancer growth pathways, and induction of G2/M arrest. These data provided the potential molecular basis for PZH to act as a therapeutic drug or a supplement to chemotherapy drugs for human HCC in the future.
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Altundag EM, Gençalp D, Özbilenler C, Toprak K, Kerküklü N. In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of methanolic extract of Asparagus horridus grows in North Cyprus Kuzey Kıbrıs da yetişen Asparagus horridus metanolik ekstraktının in-vitro antioksidan, anti-enflamatuar ve anti-kanser aktivitesi. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2019-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Asparagus horridus is an edible plant known as “Ayrelli” in North Cyprus. The scientific literature has not yet submitted a report about the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of A. horridus plant from North Cyprus until now. The purpose of the research was to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of A. horridus.
Materials and methods
Soxhlet extraction of A. horridus was performed using methanol. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, TFC, FRAP and TPC assays. Protein-denaturation assay was performed to determine the anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-cancer effects of the extract on HepG2 and B-CPAP cell lines were determined with MTT assay.
Results
Antioxidant activity for A. horridus extract was determined by DPPH (50%), TFC (266.26 μg QUE/mg extract), FRAP (1.27 μg FeSO4/mg extract) and TPC (167.613 μg GAE/mg extract) assays at 25 mg/mL. Inhibition of protein-denaturation activity was found as 29.42% at 25 mg/mL. After 24 h of the extract treatment, cell proliferation of HepG2 and B-CPAP cancer cells were inhibited at IC50 values 63.24 μg/mL and 101.24 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion
These results have shown that the methanol extract of A. horridus grows in North Cyprus has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergul Mutlu Altundag
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry , North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta 99628, North Cyprus , Turkey
| | - Duygu Gençalp
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry , Famagusta, North Cyprus , Turkey
| | - Cahit Özbilenler
- Eastern Mediterranean University , Faculty of Art and Sciences, Chemistry , Famagusta, North Cyprus , Turkey
| | - Kübra Toprak
- Marmara Universitesi, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Namık Kerküklü
- Eastern Mediterranean University , Faculty of Art and Sciences, Chemistry , Famagusta, North Cyprus , Turkey
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16
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Wang P, Jiang Z, Liu X, Yu K, Wang C, Li H, Zhong L. PI16 attenuates response to sorafenib and represents a predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6972-6983. [PMID: 32779397 PMCID: PMC7541153 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib has become the only FDA‐approved first‐line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for more than 10 years, but there is still no validated predictive or prognostic marker. Peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) is a functionally unknown gene in cancer research. This study aimed to determine the exact function of PI16 in HCC and whether it can represent as a biomarker for sorafenib response. We found that PI16 was over expressed in HCC tissues vs paired normal tissues. PI16 knockdown sensitize HCC cells to sorafenib treatment both in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic PI16 expression produced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, PI16 could suppress p38 MAPK/caspase‐dependent apoptosis in this process, and p38 MAPK inhibitor reversed the sorafenib sensitive phenotype caused by PI16 inhibition. Clinically, immunohistochemistry was used to detect PI16 levels in resected patients with HCC prior to sorafenib treatment. We showed that high PI16 levels represented an independent risk factor for disease progression in patients treated with sorafenib. Patients with low PI16 showed significantly better progression free survival and overall survival after sorafenib therapy. In conclusion, PI16 attenuates response to sorafenib treatment in HCC, and may be a helpful prognostic biomarker of sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pusen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kanru Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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SOX7 is involved in polyphyllin D-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through down-regulation of cyclin D1. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2020; 70:191-200. [PMID: 31955140 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of mortality of prostate cancer (PCa) has been an uptrend in recent years. Our previous study showed that the sex-determining region Y-box 7 (SOX7) was low-expressed and served as a tumor suppressor in PCa cells. Here, we describe the effects of polyphyllin D (PD) on proliferation and cell cycle modifications of PCa cells, and whether SOX7 participates in this process. PC-3 cells were cultured in complete medium containing PD for 12, 24, and 48 h. MTT assay was used to investigate the cytotoxic effects of PD. Cell cycle progression was analyzed using propidium iodide (PI) staining, and protein levels were assayed by Western blot analysis. Our results showed low expression of SOX7 in PCa tissues/cells compared to their non-tumorous counterparts/RWPE-1 cells. Moreover, PD inhibited the proliferation of PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PD induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, while co-treatment with short interfering RNA targeting SOX7 (siSOX7) had reversed this effect. PD downregulated SOX7, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) expressions in a dose-dependent manner, whereas co-treatment of siSOX7 and PD rescued the PD-inhibited cyclin D1 expression. However, no obvious changes were observed in CDK4 or CDK6 expression. These results indicate that SOX7 is involved in PD-induced PC-3 cell cycle arrest through down-regulation of cyclin D1.
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18
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Zhao YF, Zhou J, Zhang MJ, Zhang M, Huang XF. Cytotoxic steroidal saponins from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Steroids 2020; 155:108557. [PMID: 31866546 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Two novel steroidal saponins, timosaponin V and W (1 and 2), together with seven known steroidal saponins (3-9), were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1D NMR and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, and NOESY), and MS analyses. The cytotoxic activities of the isolates were evaluated. Compound 1 showed a significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.16 ± 0.19 μM and 2.01 ± 0.19 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fang Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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19
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Xu WT, Shen GN, Luo YH, Piao XJ, Wang JR, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li JQ, Feng YC, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang SN, Wang CY, Jin CH. New naphthalene derivatives induce human lung cancer A549 cell apoptosis via ROS-mediated MAPKs, Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:148-157. [PMID: 30871965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Naphthoquinone compounds are a class of organic compounds derived from naphthalene. They exert a wide variety of biological effects, but when used as anticancer drugs, have varying levels of side effects. In the present study, in order to reduce toxicity and improve the antitumor activity, we synthesized two novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, 2-(butane-1-sulfinyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (BSQ) and 2-(octane-1-sulfinyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (OSQ). We investigated the antitumor effects of BSQ and OSQ in human lung cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects, focusing on the relationship between these compounds and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay results showed that BSQ and OSQ had significant cytotoxic effects in human lung cancer cells. Flow cytometry results indicated that the number of apoptotic cells and the intracellular ROS levels significantly increased after treatment with BSQ and OSQ. However, cell apoptosis was inhibited by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Western blotting results showed that BSQ and OSQ increased the expression levels of p-p38 kinase and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and decreased the expression levels of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), p-protein kinase B (p-Akt), and p-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3). These phenomena were blocked by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, Akt inhibitors and NAC. In conclusion, BSQ and OSQ induce human lung cancer A549 cell apoptosis by ROS-mediated MAPKs, Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Therefore, BSQ and OSQ may be therapeutic potential agents for the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Gui-Nan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Ying-Hua Luo
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Xian-Ji Piao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163316, China
| | - Jia-Ru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Jin-Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yu-Chao Feng
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Shi-Nong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China; College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.
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Advances in the antitumor activities and mechanisms of action of steroidal saponins. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:732-748. [PMID: 30322607 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The steroidal saponins are one of the saponin types that exist in an unbound state and have various pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and nerves-calming properties. Cancer is a growing health problem worldwide. Significant progress has been made to understand the antitumor effects of steroidal saponins in recent years. According to reported findings, steroidal saponins exert various antitumor activities, such as inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and regulating the tumor microenvironment, through multiple related signaling pathways. This article focuses on the advances in domestic and foreign studies on the antitumor activity and mechanism of actions of steroidal saponins in the last five years to provide a scientific basis and research ideas for further development and clinical application of steroidal saponins.
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Zhao YF, Zhang YW, Wang Y, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu W, Shang TT, Yin H, Lee KH, Huang XF. New transformation pathway and cytotoxic derivatives from the acid hydrolysis of timosaponin B III. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2755-2761. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1499640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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A Novel Aurora-A Inhibitor (MLN8237) Synergistically Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:176-188. [PMID: 30292139 PMCID: PMC6172479 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, sorafenib-based therapy is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and there is a strong rationale for investigating its use in combination with other agents to achieve better therapeutic effects. Aurora-A, a member of a family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases, is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and therefore represents a target for therapy. Here, we investigated a novel Aurora-A inhibitor, MLN8237, together with sorafenib in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, and elucidated the possible molecular mechanism. Here, it was found that MLN8237 was strongly synergistic with sorafenib in inhibition of HCC progression by altering cell growth, cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Mechanism dissection suggests that the combination of MLN8237 and sorafenib led to significant inhibition of the activation of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) and phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and their downstream genes including CDK4, cyclinD1, and VEGFA. The activators of p-Akt and p-p38 MAPK signaling partially reversed the synergistic inhibitory effects of sorafenib and MLN8237 on HCC progression. Subsequent in vivo studies further confirmed the synergistic effects of sorafenib and MLN8237. Collectively, the newly developed sorafenib-MLN8237 combination may be a novel therapy to better inhibit HCC progression.
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Novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives induce apoptosis via ROS-mediated p38/MAPK, Akt and STAT3 signaling in human hepatoma Hep3B cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Zhang Y, Xiao F, Zhong C, Zeng M, Zou L. Retracted Article: Cd induces G2/M cell cycle arrest by up-regulating miR-133b via directly targeting PPP2R2D in L02 hepatocytes. Metallomics 2018; 10:1510-1523. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study could provide a novel epigenetic mechanism for Cd-induced acute hepatotoxicity and it would offer new targets for its intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine
- Changsha 410013
- P. R. China
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
| | - Fang Xiao
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
- P. R. China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health
- Changsha 410078
- P. R. China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine
- Changsha 410013
- P. R. China
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Chuang TY, Wu HL, Min J, Diamond M, Azziz R, Chen YH. Berberine regulates the protein expression of multiple tumorigenesis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:59. [PMID: 28572744 PMCID: PMC5450260 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with an extremely grim prognosis. Berberine (BBR) has been found to inhibit proliferation of human HCC cells, although the underlying mechanism(s) are unclear. Methods Protein expression was detected by Western blots. Cell viability was determined by using the CellTiter Assay kit. Results We confirm that BBR treatment inhibits HepG2, Hep3B, and SNU-182 cell viability, and suggest that it regulates this proliferation via the modulation of multiple tumorigenesis-related genes protein expression. BBR treatment up-regulated protein expression of tumor suppressor genes, including Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and p21, while down-regulating the expression of selected oncogenes, including E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1). The specific extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor, PD98059, partially inhibited BBR effects including reduction of cell viability, and up-regulation of KLF6 and ATF3 expressions; although, PD98059 did not alter the down-regulation of E2F1 and PTTG1 expression by BBR. Conclusions Our results suggest that BBR inhibits HCC cell viability by modulating multiple tumorigenesis-related genes, and that up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes by BBR is in part the result of ERK1/2 action. The results of this study augment our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effect of BBR on hepatocellular cancers and provide further evidence as to the biological plausibility of this agent’s role in the treatment of these malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0429-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yueh Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA-2020, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Hsiao-Li Wu
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA-2020, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA-2020, Augusta, GA 30912 USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA-2020, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Ricardo Azziz
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA-2020, Augusta, GA 30912 USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA-2020, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
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Zhang J, Zhou L, Zhao S, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS. The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib synergizes with irinotecan to promote colorectal cancer cell death under hypoxia. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1193-1200. [PMID: 28486050 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1320005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an inherent impediment to cancer therapy. Palbociclib, a highly selective inhibitor for CDK4/6, has been tested in numerous clinical trials and has been approved by the FDA. We previously reported that CDK inhibitors can destabilize HIF1α regardless of the presence of hypoxia and can sensitize tumor cells to TRAIL through dual blockade of CDK1 and GSK-3β. To translate this knowledge into a cancer therapeutic strategy, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of CDK inhibition against colon cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia. We found that palbociclib sensitizes colon cancer cells to hypoxia-induced apoptotic resistance via deregulation of HIF-1α accumulation. In addition to inhibition of cell proliferation, we observed that palbociclib promotes colon cancer cell death regardless of the presence of hypoxia at a comparatively high concentration via regulating ERK/GSK-3β signaling and GSK-3β expression. Furthermore, palbociclib synergized with irinotecan in a variety of colon cancer cell lines with various molecular subtypes via deregulating irinotecan-induced Rb phosphorylation and reducing HIF-1α accumulation under normoxia or hypoxia. Collectively, our findings provide a novel combination therapy strategy against hypoxic colon cancer cells that may be further translated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - David T Dicker
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Zhang Y, Xiao F, Liu X, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhong C. Cr(VI) induces cytotoxicity in vitro through activation of ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:232-244. [PMID: 28323103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The occupational and environmental toxicant hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] can cause severe damage to the liver; however, the exact mechanisms associated with its toxicity have not been thoroughly demonstrated. In the present study, the underlying mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated. Our results showed that Cr(VI) inhibited the growth and proliferation of L-02 hepatocytes. Further study revealed that Cr(VI) significantly induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis accompanying with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis could be prevented by inhibiting ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Additionally, our data showed that Cr(VI)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were concentration- and time-dependent. Moreover, inhibition of C/EBA homologous protein (CHOP) expression by siRNA partially prevented Cr(VI)-induced cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation. We also found that Cr(VI) treatment inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. After using IGF-1 (50ng/mL), the specific agonist of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the facilitating effects of Cr(VI) were depressed. This finding demonstrated the relationship between the PI3K/Akt pathway, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, these findings indicated that Cr(VI) increased ROS production. Increased ROS production may account for inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and lead to ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which consequently induces apoptosis in L-02 hepatocytes. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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Jaramillo S, Muriana FJ, Guillen R, Jimenez-Araujo A, Rodriguez-Arcos R, Lopez S. Saponins from edible spears of wild asparagus inhibit AKT, p70S6K, and ERK signalling, and induce apoptosis through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Lin W, Zhong M, Yin H, Chen Y, Cao Q, Wang C, Ling C. Emodin induces hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis through MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:961-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Shen M, Shi H. Estradiol and Estrogen Receptor Agonists Oppose Oncogenic Actions of Leptin in HepG2 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151455. [PMID: 26982332 PMCID: PMC4794158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for certain cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Leptin, a hormone secreted by white adipose tissue, precipitates HCC development. Epidemiology data show that men have a much higher incidence of HCC than women, suggesting that estrogens and its receptors may inhibit HCC development and progression. Whether estrogens antagonize oncogenic action of leptin is uncertain. To investigate potential inhibitory effects of estrogens on leptin-induced HCC development, HCC cell line HepG2 cells were treated with leptin in combination with 17 β-estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) selective agonist PPT, ER-β selective agonist DPN, or G protein-coupled ER (GPER) selective agonist G-1. Cell number, proliferation, and apoptosis were determined, and leptin- and estrogen-related intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed. HepG2 cells expressed a low level of ER-β mRNA, and leptin treatment increased ER-β expression. E2 suppressed leptin-induced HepG2 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally E2 reversed leptin-induced STAT3 and leptin-suppressed SOCS3, which was mainly achieved by activation of ER-β. E2 also enhanced ERK via activating ER-α and GPER and activated p38/MAPK via activating ER-β. To conclude, E2 and its receptors antagonize the oncogenic actions of leptin in HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and stimulating cell apoptosis, which was associated with reversing leptin-induced changes in SOCS3/STAT3 and increasing p38/MAPK by activating ER-β, and increasing ERK by activating ER-α and GPER. Identifying roles of different estrogen receptors would provide comprehensive understanding of estrogenic mechanisms in HCC development and shed light on potential treatment for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ning R, Wang XP, Zhan YR, Qi Q, Huang XF, Hu G, Guo QL, Liu W, Yang J. Gambogic acid potentiates clopidogrel-induced apoptosis and attenuates irinotecan-induced apoptosis through down-regulating human carboxylesterase 1 and -2. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:816-24. [PMID: 26750665 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1125560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1. In this study, we report that gambogic acid (GA), a promising anticancer agent, potentiates clopidogrel-induced apoptosis and attenuates CPT-11-induced apoptosis by down-regulating human carboxylesterase (CES) 1 and -2 via ERK and p38 MAPK pathway activation, which provides a molecular explanation linking the effect of drug combination directly to the decreased capacity of hydrolytic biotransformation. 2. The expression levels of CES1 and CES2 decreased significantly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in response to GA in Huh7 and HepG2 cells; hydrolytic activity was also reduced. 3. The results showed that pretreatment with GA potentiated clopidogrel-induced apoptosis by down-regulating CES1. Moreover, the GA-mediated repression of CES2 attenuated CPT-11-induced apoptosis. 4. Furthermore, the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways were involved in the GA-mediated down-regulation of CES1 and CES2. 5. Taken together, our data suggest that GA is a potent repressor of CES1 and CES2 and that combination with GA will affect the metabolism of drugs containing ester bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ning
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Yun-Ran Zhan
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- c Department of Pharmacology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA , and
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- d Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Gang Hu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
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Ma T, Zhang WN, Yang L, Zhang C, Lin R, Shan SM, Zhu MD, Luo JG, Kong LY. Cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis angulata var. villosa and the apoptosis-inducing effect via ROS generation and the activation of MAPK in human osteosarcoma cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physagulide I induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via ROS generation and the activation of MAPK in human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ming Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Di Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
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