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Melchert PW, Zhang Q, Mukhopadhyay S, Kanumuri SRR, McCurdy CR, Markowitz JS. An in vitro evaluation of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on the catalytic activity of carboxylesterase 1 ( CES1). Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110715. [PMID: 37716419 PMCID: PMC10606955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Kratom, (Mitragyna Speciosa Korth.) is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia whose leaves are cultivated for a variety of medicinal purposes and mostly consumed as powders or tea in the United States. Kratom use has surged in popularity with the lay public and is currently being investigated for possible therapeutic benefits including as a treatment for opioid withdrawal due to the pharmacologic effects of its indole alkaloids. A wide array of psychoactive compounds are found in kratom, with mitragynine being the most abundant alkaloid. The drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of mitragynine and related alkaloids have been evaluated for effects on the major cytochrome P450s (CYPs) via in vitro assays and limited clinical investigations. However, no thorough assessment of their potential to inhibit the major hepatic hydrolase, carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), exists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory potential of kratom extracts and its individual major alkaloids using an established CES1 assay and incubation system. Three separate kratom extracts and the major kratom alkaloids mitragynine, speciogynine, speciociliatine, paynantheine, and corynantheidine displayed a concentration-dependent reversible inhibition of CES1. The experimental Ki values were determined as follows for mitragynine, speciociliatine, paynantheine, and corynantheidine: 20.6, 8.6, 26.1, and 12.5 μM respectively. Speciociliatine, paynantheine, and corynantheidine were all determined to be mixed-type reversible inhibitors of CES1, while mitragynine was a purely competitive inhibitor. Based on available pharmacokinetic data, determined Ki values, and a physiologically based inhibition screen mimicking alkaloid exposures in humans, a DDI mediated via CES1 inhibition appears unlikely across a spectrum of doses (i.e., 2-20g per dose). However, further clinical studies need to be conducted to exclude the possibility of a DDI at higher and extreme doses of kratom and those who are chronic users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Melchert
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Luo X, Lu F, Yin Z, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zhang H. Hormetic effects of EGC and EGCG on CES1 activity and its rescue from oxidative stress in rat liver S9. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110612. [PMID: 37353134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is a hydrolytic enzyme that plays an important role in the activation or deactivation of many therapeutic agents, thus affecting their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes. Using rat liver S9 as an enzyme source and enalapril as a CES1 substrate, the present study examined effects of a number of flavonoids on the formation of enalaprilat (the active form of enalapril) produced by CES1-mediated hydrolysis. While a majority of flavonoids tested showed inhibition on CES1, an unexpected hormetic effect was observed for epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), i.e., stimulatory effect at low concentrations and enzyme inhibition at high concentrations. Further experiments revealed that oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, arachidonic acid plus iron, and oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLOL) reduced CES1 activity in rat liver S9 and the loss of CES1 enzyme activity could be rescued largely by EGC or EGCG. In contrast, such effects were minimal in human liver S9, probably due to the presence of a higher ratio of reduced vs oxidized forms of glutathione. The above findings suggest that the polyphenolic nature of EGC or EGCG might be responsible for rescuing CES1 activity under oxidative stress. Because of the importance of CES1 in drug activation or deactivation and rat liver S9 as a versatile in vitro system used for drug metabolism studies and drug safety assessment, caution should be exercised to avoid potential biases for data interpretation and decision making when CES1 activity in rat liver S9 is evaluated with dependency on experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feifei Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyue Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Abdrakhmanov A, Akilzhanova A, Shaimerdinova A, Zhalbinova M, Tuyakova G, Abildinova S, Albayev R, Ainabekova B, Chinybayeva A, Suleimen Z, Bekbossynova M. The Distribution of the Genotypes of ABCB1 and CES1 Polymorphisms in Kazakhstani Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with DOAC. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1192. [PMID: 37372371 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are the first-line anticoagulant strategy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). We aimed to identify the influence of polymorphisms of the genes encoding P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) on the variability of plasma concentrations of DOACs in Kazakhstani patients with NVAF. We analyzed polymorphisms rs4148738, rs1045642, rs2032582 and rs1128503 in ABCB1 and rs8192935, rs2244613 and rs71647871 CES1 genes and measured the plasma concentrations of dabigatran/apixaban and biochemical parameters in 150 Kazakhstani NVAF patients. Polymorphism rs8192935 in the CES1 gene (p = 0.04), BMI (p = 0.01) and APTT level (p = 0.01) were statistically significant independent factors of trough plasma concentration of dabigatran. In contrast, polymorphisms rs4148738, rs1045642, rs2032582 and rs1128503 in ABCB1 and rs8192935, rs2244613 and rs71647871 CES1 genes did not show significant influence on plasma concentrations of dabigatran/apixaban drugs (p > 0.05). Patients with GG genotype (138.8 ± 100.1 ng/mL) had higher peak plasma concentration of dabigatran than with AA genotype (100.9 ± 59.6 ng/mL) and AG genotype (98.7 ± 72.3 ng/mL) (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.25). Thus, CES1 rs8192935 is significantly associated with plasma concentrations of dabigatran in Kazakhstani NVAF patients (p < 0.05). The level of the plasma concentration shows that biotransformation of the dabigatran processed faster in individual carriers of GG genotype rs8192935 in the CES1 gene than with AA genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Abdrakhmanov
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Medical Centre Hospital of President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Akilzhanova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Shaimerdinova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Astana, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Madina Zhalbinova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Tuyakova
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Rustam Albayev
- Medical Centre Hospital of President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bayan Ainabekova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Astana, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Chinybayeva
- Corporate Fund "University Medical Center", Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Datta R, Gholampour MA, Yang CD, Volk R, Lin S, Podolsky MJ, Arnold T, Rieder F, Zaro BW, Verzi M, Lehner R, Abumrad N, Lizama CO, Atabai K. MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fatty acids with catabolism of enterocyte lipid stores through HNF4γ-dependent transcription of CES enzymes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112249. [PMID: 36924494 PMCID: PMC10138282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytes modulate the extent of postprandial lipemia by storing dietary fats in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (cLDs). We have previously shown that the integrin ligand MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fats with activation of triglyceride (TG) hydrolases that catabolize cLDs for chylomicron production. Here, we identify CES1D as the key hydrolase downstream of the MFGE8-αvβ5 integrin pathway that regulates catabolism of diet-derived cLDs. Mfge8 knockout (KO) enterocytes have reduced CES1D transcript and protein levels and reduced protein levels of the transcription factor HNF4γ. Both Ces1d and Hnf4γ KO mice have decreased enterocyte TG hydrolase activity coupled with retention of TG in cLDs. Mechanistically, MFGE8-dependent fatty acid uptake through CD36 stabilizes HNF4γ protein level; HNF4γ then increases Ces1d transcription. Our work identifies a regulatory network that regulates the severity of postprandial lipemia by linking dietary fat absorption with protein stabilization of a transcription factor that increases expression of hydrolases responsible for catabolizing diet-derived cLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Datta
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mohammad A Gholampour
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christopher D Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Regan Volk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael J Podolsky
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Balyn W Zaro
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Richard Lehner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Nada Abumrad
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Lu J, Shang X, Yao B, Sun D, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Shi J, Chen H, Shi T, Liu M, Wang X. The role of CYP1A1/2 in cholesterol ester accumulation provides a new perspective for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:648-661. [PMID: 36873188 PMCID: PMC9978856 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important precursor of many endogenous molecules. Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis can cause many pathological changes, leading to liver and cardiovascular diseases. CYP1A is widely involved in cholesterol metabolic network, but its exact function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to explore how CYP1A regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Our data showed that CYP1A1/2 knockout (KO) rats presented cholesterol deposition in blood and liver. The serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly increased in KO rats. Further studies found that the lipogenesis pathway (LXRα-SREBP1-SCD1) of KO rats was activated, and the key protein of cholesterol ester hydrolysis (CES1) was inhibited. Importantly, lansoprazole can significantly alleviate rat hepatic lipid deposition in hypercholesterolemia models by inducing CYP1A. Our findings reveal the role of CYP1A as a potential regulator of cholesterol homeostasis and provide a new perspective for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongyi Sun
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - He Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Ikonnikova A, Kazakov R, Rodina T, Dmitriev A, Melnikov E, Zasedatelev A, Nasedkina T. The Influence of Structural Variants of the CES1 Gene on the Pharmacokinetics of Enalapril, Presumably Due to Linkage Disequilibrium with the Intronic rs2244613. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122225. [PMID: 36553492 PMCID: PMC9778508 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in the CES1 gene encoding carboxylesterase 1 may affect the metabolism of enalapril to the active metabolite enalaprilat. It was shown that the A allele of rs71647871 and the C allele of rs2244613 led to a decrease in plasma enalaprilat concentrations. This study aimed to estimate the effect of structural haplotypes of CES1 containing the pseudogene CES1P1, or a hybrid of the gene and the pseudogene CES1A2, on the pharmacokinetics of enalapril. We included 286 Caucasian patients with arterial hypertension treated with enalapril. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR and long-range PCR. Peak and trough plasma enalaprilat concentrations were lower in carriers of CES1A2. The studied haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium with rs2244613: generally, the A allele was in the haplotype containing the CES1P1, and the C allele was in the haplotype with the CES1A2. Thus, carriers of CES1A2 have reduced CES1 activity against enalapril. Linkage disequilibrium of the haplotype containing the CES1P1 or CES1A2 with rs2244613 should be taken into account when genotyping the CES1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ikonnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruslan Kazakov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Rodina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Dmitriev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Melnikov
- Institute of Pharmacy of I. M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Zasedatelev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Nasedkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhang Q, Melchert PW, Markowitz JS. In vitro evaluation of the impact of Covid-19 therapeutic agents on the hydrolysis of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110097. [PMID: 35964681 PMCID: PMC9367181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir (RDV, Veklury®) is an FDA-approved prodrug for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Recent in vitro studies have indicated that human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is the major metabolic enzyme catalyzing RDV activation. COVID-19 treatment for hospitalized patients typically also involves a number of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Further, individuals who are carriers of a CES1 variant (polymorphism in exon 4 codon 143 [G143E]) may experience impairment in their ability to metabolize therapeutic agents which are CES1 substrates. The present study assessed the potential influence of nine therapeutic agents (hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and dexamethasone) commonly used in treating COVID-19 and 5 known CES1 inhibitors on the metabolism of RDV. Additionally, we further analyzed the mechanism of inhibition of cannabidiol (CBD), as well as the impact of the G143E polymorphism on RDV metabolism. An in vitro S9 fraction incubation method and in vitro to in vivo pharmacokinetic scaling were utilized. None of the nine therapeutic agents evaluated produced significant inhibition of RDV hydrolysis; CBD was found to inhibit RDV hydrolysis by a mixed type of competitive and noncompetitive partial inhibition mechanism. In vitro to in vivo modeling suggested a possible reduction of RDV clearance and increase of AUC when coadministration with CBD. The same scaling method also suggested a potentially lower clearance and higher AUC in the presence of the G143E variant. In conclusion, a potential CES1-mediated DDI between RDV and the nine assessed medications appears unlikely. However, a potential CES1-mediated DDI between RDV and CBD may be possible with sufficient exposure to the cannabinoid. Patients carrying the CES1 G143E variant may exhibit a slower biotransformation and clearance of RDV. Further clinical studies would be required to evaluate and characterize the clinical significance of a CBD-RDV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip W Melchert
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Hasson TS, Said E, Helal MG. Nifuroxazide modulates hepatic expression of LXRs/SR-BI/ CES1/CYP7A1 and LDL-R and attenuates experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia and the associated cardiovascular complications. Life Sci 2022; 306:120790. [PMID: 35817168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a serious disorders affecting the metabolism of fats in the human body, and it is usually associated with some serious cardiovascular complications increasing the risk for sudden death. Nifuroxazide (NFR) is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic that has long been used for management of diarrhea and recently various recent out merging valuable therapeutic impacts were reported. The current study sought the concept of repositioning nifuroxazide in management of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male rabbits using cholesterol enriched diet for 9 weeks and starting from the beginning of 5th week; NFR (100 and 300 mg/kg) were administered once daily for the further 5 weeks; till the end of the 9th week of the experiment. NFR significantly recovered balanced lipid profile as serum cholesterol, total glycerides, LDL significantly declined with significant elevation in serum HDL. Meanwhile, serum LDH, CK, ALT and AST activities were significantly corrected. These biochemical changes were correlated with significant improvement in the histopathological examination of hepatic, cardiac and aortic specimen with decreased expression of CD68 and Ki67 in the myocardium and the aorta implying retraction in macrophages' infiltration and tissue regeneration. Myocardial specimen confirmed significant recovery with preservation of cardiac muscle fibers. Aortic specimen confirmed retraction in the aortic thickness and fewer deposition of fat globules. In conclusion, NFR attenuated experimentally-induced hyperlipidemia with significant recovery of serum profile and tissue necrotic changes. The histopathological examination of hepatic, myocardial and aortic specimen confirmed the onset of tissues' recovery alongside biochemical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Shaker Hasson
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Manar Gamal Helal
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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9
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Elfiky AMI, Ghiboub M, Li Yim AYF, Hageman IL, Verhoeff J, de Krijger M, van Hamersveld PHP, Welting O, Admiraal I, Rahman S, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Wildenberg ME, Tomlinson L, Gregory R, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Furze RC, Lewis HD, Mander PK, Heinsbroek SEM, Bell MJ, de Jonge WJ. Carboxylesterase-1 Assisted Targeting of HDAC Inhibitors to Mononuclear Myeloid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:668-681. [PMID: 34633041 PMCID: PMC9089418 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Histone deacetylase inhibitors [HDACi] exert potent anti-inflammatory effects. Because of the ubiquitous expression of HDACs, clinical utility of HDACi is limited by off-target effects. Esterase-sensitive motif [ESM] technology aims to deliver ESM-conjugated compounds to human mononuclear myeloid cells, based on their expression of carboxylesterase 1 [CES1]. This study aims to investigate utility of an ESM-tagged HDACi in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS CES1 expression was assessed in human blood, in vitro differentiated macrophage and dendritic cells, and Crohn's disease [CD] colon mucosa, by mass cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [PCR], and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ESM-HDAC528 intracellular retention was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Clinical efficacy of ESM-HDAC528 was tested in dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis and T cell transfer colitis models using transgenic mice expressing human CES1 under the CD68 promoter. RESULTS CES1 mRNA was highly expressed in human blood CD14+ monocytes, in vitro differentiated and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-stimulated macrophages, and dendritic cells. Specific hydrolysis and intracellular retention of ESM-HDAC528 in CES1+ cells was demonstrated. ESM-HDAC528 inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α production 1000 times more potently than its control, HDAC800, in CES1high monocytes. In healthy donor peripheral blood, CES1 expression was significantly higher in CD14++CD16- monocytes compared with CD14+CD16++ monocytes. In CD-inflamed colon, a higher number of mucosal CD68+ macrophages expressed CES1 compared with non-inflamed mucosa. In vivo, ESM-HDAC528 reduced monocyte differentiation in the colon and significantly improved colitis in a T cell transfer model, while having limited potential in ameliorating DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that monocytes and inflammatory macrophages specifically express CES1, and can be preferentially targeted by ESM-HDAC528 to achieve therapeutic benefit in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M I Elfiky
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Andrew Y F Li Yim
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ishtu L Hageman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon de Krijger
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia H P van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Admiraal
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shafaque Rahman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Tomlinson
- Discovery DMPK, IVIVT, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Richard Gregory
- Discovery DMPK, IVIVT, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Rebecca C Furze
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Huw D Lewis
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Sigrid E M Heinsbroek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Bell
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Ikonnikova A, Rodina T, Dmitriev A, Melnikov E, Kazakov R, Nasedkina T. The Influence of the CES1 Genotype on the Pharmacokinetics of Enalapril in Patients with Arterial Hypertension. J Pers Med 2022; 12. [PMID: 35455696 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril is hydrolysed to an active metabolite, enalaprilat, in the liver via carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). Previous studies show that variant rs71647871 in the CES1 gene affects the pharmacokinetics of enalapril on liver samples as well as healthy volunteers. This study included 286 Caucasian patients with arterial hypertension who received enalapril. The concentrations of enalapril and enalaprilat were determined before subsequent intake of the drug and 4 h after it with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometric detection. The study included genetic markers as follows: rs2244613, rs71647871 (c.428G>A, p.G143E) and three SNPs indicating the presence of a subtype CES1A1c (rs12149368, rs111604615 and rs201577108). Mean peak and trough enalaprilat concentrations, adjusted by clinical variables, were significantly lower in CES1 rs2244613 heterozygotes (by 16.6% and 19.6%) and in CC homozygotes (by 32.7% and 41.4%) vs. the AA genotype. In CES1A1c homozygotes, adjusted mean enalaprilat concentrations were 75% lower vs. heterozygotes and wild-type (WT) homozygotes. Pharmacogenetic markers of the CES1 gene may be a promising predictor for individualisation when prescribing enalapril.
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11
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Brown JT. The Pharmacogenetic Impact on the Pharmacokinetics of ADHD Medications. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2547:427-436. [PMID: 36068472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2573-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ADHD is a common condition in both children and adults. The most prescribed medications for the treatment of ADHD include methylphenidate, mixed amphetamine salts, atomoxetine, guanfacine, and clonidine. While each of these medications have their own distinct pharmacokinetic profile, the extent to which pharmacogenetics effects their pharmacokinetic parameters is best described in atomoxetine, followed by methylphenidate. Atomoxetine is predominantly metabolized by cytochrome p450 2D6 (CYP2D6), while methylphenidate is metabolized by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). Both CYP2D6 and CES1 have multiple variants resulting in varying levels of enzyme activity; however, to date, the functional consequence of variants and alleles for CYP2D6 is better characterized as compared to CES1. Regarding CYP2D6, individuals who are poor metabolizers prescribed atomoxetine experience up to ten-fold higher exposure as compared to normal metabolizers at comparable dosing. Additionally, individuals prescribed methylphenidate with the rs71647871 variant may experience up to 2.5-fold higher exposure as compared to those without. Having this pharmacogenetic information available may aid clinicians and patients when choosing medications and doses to treat ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Brown
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA.
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12
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Brown JT, Beery N, Taran A, Stevens T, Henzler C, Badalamenti J, Regal R, McCarty CA. Associations between CES1 variants and dosing and adverse effects in children taking methylphenidate. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:958622. [PMID: 36741090 PMCID: PMC9890192 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.958622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate is the most prescribed stimulant to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite its widespread usage, a fair proportion of children are classified as non-responders to the medication. Variability in response and occurrence of adverse events with methylphenidate use may be due to several factors, including drug-drug interactions as well as pharmacogenetic differences resulting in pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic variances within the general population. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) variants on the frequency of adverse effects and dosing requirements of methylphenidate in children with ADHD. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents who met the inclusion criteria and had a routine visit during the enrollment period were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria included: ADHD diagnosis by a healthcare provider, between 6 and 16 years of age at the time of permission/assent, had not previously been prescribed methylphenidate, and treatment with any methylphenidate formulation for at least three consecutive months. Three months of records were reviewed in order to assess changes in dose and frequency of discontinuing methylphenidate. Participants' ADHD symptoms, medication response, adverse effects, select vitals, and dose were extracted from the electronic health record. Saliva samples were collected by trained study coordinators. Haplotypes were assigned based on copy number in different portions of the CES1 gene. Due to limited numbers, diplotypes (combinations of two haplotypes) were grouped for analysis as CES1A1/CES1A1, CES1A1/CES1A1c and CES1A1c/CES1A1c. RESULTS A total of 99 participants (n = 30 female; n = 69 male) had both clinical data and CES1 sequencing data, with an average age of 7.7 years old (range 3-15 years). The final weight-based dose in all individuals was 0.79 mg/kg/day. The most common adverse effects reported were decreased appetite (n = 47), weight loss (n = 24), and sleep problems (n = 19). The mean final weight-based dose by haplotype was 0.92 mg/kg for CES1A2/CES1A2, 0.81 mg/kg for CES1A2/CES1P1, and 0.78 mg/kg for CES1P1/CES1P1. After correction for multiple hypothesis testing, only one SNV, rs114119971, was significantly associated with weight-based dosing in two individuals. The individuals with the rs114119971 SNV had a significantly lower weight-based dose (0.42 mg/kg) as compared to those without (0.88 mg/kg; p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Variation in CES1 activity may impact dose requirements in children who are prescribed methylphenidate, as well as other CES1 substrates. Although intriguing, this study is limited by the retrospective nature and relatively small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Brown
- University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Nancy Beery
- Essentia Health Department of Pediatrics, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Allise Taran
- Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Tyler Stevens
- Essentia Health Department of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Christine Henzler
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Ron Regal
- Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Catherine A McCarty
- Department of Family Medicine and BioBehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, United States
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13
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Johnson JL, Huang J, Rooney M, Gu C. Optimal pH 8.5 to 9 for the Hydrolysis of Vixotrigine and Other Basic Substrates of Carboxylesterase-1 in Human Liver Microsomes. Xenobiotica 2021; 52:105-112. [PMID: 34904522 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2018629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vixotrigine is a voltage- and use-dependent sodium channel blocker under investigation for the potential treatment of neuropathic pain. One of the major in vivo metabolic pathways of vixotrigine in humans is the hydrolysis of the carboxamide to form the carboxylic acid metabolite M14.The in vitro formation of M14 in human hepatocytes was inhibited by the carboxylesterase (CES) inhibitor Bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydrolysis reaction was identified to be catalyzed by recombinant human CES1b.Initial observation of only trace level formation of M14 in human liver microsomes at pH 7.4 caused us to doubt the involvement of CES1, an enzyme localized at the endoplasmic reticulum and the dominant carboxylesterase in human liver. Further investigation has revealed that optimal pH for the hydrolysis of vixotrigine and two other basic substrates of CES1, methylphenidate and oseltamivir, in human liver microsomes was pH 8.5 to 9 which is higher than their respective pKa(base), suggesting that neutral form of basic substrates is probably preferred for CES1 catalysis in liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Johnson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics.,Current affiliation of JLJ: Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Rooney
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
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14
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Yamashita T, Inui T, Yokota J, Kawakami K, Morinaga G, Takatani M, Hirayama D, Nomoto R, Ito K, Cui Y, Ruez S, Harada K, Kishimoto W, Nakase H, Mizuguchi H. Monolayer platform using human biopsy-derived duodenal organoids for pharmaceutical research. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:263-278. [PMID: 34485610 PMCID: PMC8399089 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The human small intestine is the key organ for absorption, metabolism, and excretion of orally administered drugs. To preclinically predict these reactions in drug discovery research, a cell model that can precisely recapitulate the in vivo human intestinal monolayer is desired. In this study, we developed a monolayer platform using human biopsy-derived duodenal organoids for application to pharmacokinetic studies. The human duodenal organoid-derived monolayer was prepared by a simple method in 3-8 days. It consisted of polarized absorptive cells and had tight junctions. It showed much higher cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and carboxylesterase (CES)2 activities than did the existing models (Caco-2 cells). It also showed efflux activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and inducibility of CYP3A4. Finally, its gene expression profile was closer to the adult human duodenum, compared to the profile of Caco-2 cells. Based on these findings, this monolayer assay system using biopsy-derived human intestinal organoids is likely to be widely adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yokota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Gaku Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Nonclinical Safety, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masahito Takatani
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Nonclinical Safety, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuga Nomoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Nonclinical Safety, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yunhai Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruez
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wataru Kishimoto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Nonclinical Safety, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author: Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, PhD, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Li R, Liclican A, Xu Y, Pitts J, Niu C, Zhang J, Kim C, Zhao X, Soohoo D, Babusis D, Yue Q, Ma B, Murray BP, Subramanian R, Xie X, Zou J, Bilello JP, Li L, Schultz BE, Sakowicz R, Smith BJ, Shi PY, Murakami E, Feng JY. Key Metabolic Enzymes Involved in Remdesivir Activation in Human Lung Cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0060221. [PMID: 34125594 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00602-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir (RDV; GS-5734, Veklury), the first FDA-approved antiviral to treat COVID-19, is a single-diastereomer monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analogue. RDV is taken up in the target cells and metabolized in multiple steps to form the active nucleoside triphosphate (TP) (GS-443902), which, in turn, acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of multiple viral RNA polymerases. In this report, we profiled the key enzymes involved in the RDV metabolic pathway with multiple parallel approaches: (i) bioinformatic analysis of nucleoside/nucleotide metabolic enzyme mRNA expression using public human tissue and lung single-cell bulk mRNA sequence (RNA-seq) data sets, (ii) protein and mRNA quantification of enzymes in human lung tissue and primary lung cells, (iii) biochemical studies on the catalytic rate of key enzymes, (iv) effects of specific enzyme inhibitors on the GS-443902 formation, and (v) the effects of these inhibitors on RDV antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate MetX, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1). The monophosphate is then consecutively phosphorylated to diphosphate and triphosphate by cellular phosphotransferases. Our data support the hypothesis that the unique properties of RDV prodrug not only allow lung-specific accumulation critical for the treatment of respiratory viral infection such as COVID-19 but also enable efficient intracellular metabolism of RDV and its MetX to monophosphate and successive phosphorylation to form the active TP in disease-relevant cells.
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16
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Zhou L, Zhang C, Yang X, Liu L, Hu J, Hou Y, Tao H, Sugimura H, Chen Z, Wang L, Chen K. Melatonin inhibits lipid accumulation to repress prostate cancer progression by mediating the epigenetic modification of CES1. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e449. [PMID: 34185414 PMCID: PMC8181204 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main clinical treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), largely because of androgen receptor variation and increased intratumoral androgen synthesis. Several studies have reported that one abnormal lipid accumulation is significantly related to the development of PCa. Melatonin (MLT) is a functionally pleiotropic indoleamine molecule and a key regulator of energy metabolism. The aim of our study is finding the links between CRPC and MLT and providing the basis for MLT treatment for CRPC. METHODS We used animal CRPC models with a circadian rhythm disorder, and PCa cell lines to assess the role of melatonin in PCa. RESULTS We demonstrated that MLT treatment inhibited tumor growth and reversed enzalutamide resistance in animal CRPC models with a circadian rhythm disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that MLT is positively associated with an increased risk of developing advanced PCa. Restoration of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) expression by MLT treatment significantly reduced lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, thereby inducing apoptosis by increasing endoplasmic reticulum stress, reducing de novo intratumoral androgen synthesis, repressing CRPC progression and reversing the resistance to new endocrine therapy. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that MLT regulates the epigenetic modification of CES1. Ces1-knockout (Ces-/- ) mice verified the important role of endogenous Ces1 in PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel preclinical and clinical information about the role of melatonin in advanced PCa and characterize the importance of enzalutamide combined with MLT administration as a therapy for advanced PCa.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lipids/analysis
- Male
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phenylthiohydantoin/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/prevention & control
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lilong Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Junyi Hu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Yaxin Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Tumor PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor PathologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuShizuokaJapan
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research InstituteShenzhenChina
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17
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Liu Y, Yang C, Qi W, Pei Z, Xue W, Zhu H, Dong M, Guo Y, Cong D, Wang F. The Impact of ABCB1 and CES1 Polymorphisms on Dabigatran Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:477-485. [PMID: 33935512 PMCID: PMC8081719 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s291723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dabigatran is a novel direct oral anticoagulant agent, whose plasma concentration is closely related to bleeding risk. Genetic polymorphisms can affect the level of plasma dabigatran. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between dabigatran-related genes and the plasma level of dabigatran in healthy Chinese subjects after taking a single oral dose. This study was performed with a single-center, single-dose, randomized, open-label, and four-period crossover trial design under both fasting and fed conditions. A total of 106 eligible healthy subjects were enrolled in the study and 104 were genotyped. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare pharmacokinetic parameters among different genotypes and linear regression was applied to explore the multiplicative interaction between variables. In this study, we found that the genotype frequencies of CES1 rs2244613 and CES1 rs8192935 were significantly different between Chinese and Caucasians, but the genotype frequencies of ABCB1 rs1045642 and ABCB1 rs4148738 were similar in both populations. CES1 rs8192935 were associated with the peak concentration of dabigatran. There was no significant gender difference in the exposure level of dabigatran. Furthermore, food significantly delayed the absorption of dabigatran but had little effect on Cmax and AUC0-∞.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Qi
- Clinical Trial Center, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuowei Pei
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xue
- Clinical Trial Center, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huolan Zhu
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Dong
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanduan Cong
- Clinical Trial Center, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ji Q, Zhang C, Xu Q, Wang Z, Li X, Lv Q. The impact of ABCB1 and CES1 polymorphisms on dabigatran pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with atrial fibrillation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:2247-2255. [PMID: 33179295 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our study aimed to determine the impact of genetic polymorphisms of ABCB1 and CES1 on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of dabigatran in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS We conducted a prospective study and enrolled NVAF patients treated with dabigatran. Blood samples were obtained from each patient and used for genotyping and determination of plasma dabigatran concentration (PDC) and coagulation parameters including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time. Patients' demographics and clinical outcomes from scheduled follow-up visits were all recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the PK/PD and bleeding risk of dabigatran. RESULTS A total of 198 patients were included in analysis. For the ABCB1 polymorphisms rs4148738 and rs1045642, no significant association was found with dabigatran PK/PD. For the CES1 polymorphism rs8192935, the minor allele(C) was associated with increased trough PDCs (ANOVA: P < .001; CC vs. TT genotype, P < .001; CT vs. TT genotype, P = .014) and with APTT values at trough level (P = .015). For the CES1 polymorphism rs2244613, the minor allele(A) carriers had higher levels of trough PDC than noncarriers (ANOVA: P < .001; AA vs. CC genotype, P < .001; CA vs. CC genotype, P = .004) and increased risk for minor bleeding (P = .034; odds ratio = 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.05-7.00). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the minor allele(C) on the CES1 SNP rs8192935 was associated with PDCs and APTT values at trough level. The minor allele(A) on the CES1 SNP rs2244613 was associated with increased trough PDCs and higher risk for minor bleeding in NVAF patients treated with dabigatran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianzhou Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, China
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Sychev D, Skripka A, Ryzhikova K, Bochkov P, Shevchenko R, Krupenin P, Ivashchenko D, Kogay V, Listratov A, Krainyaya A, Gurinovich O, Sokolova A, Napalkov D, Fomin V. Effect of CES1 and ABCB1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of dabigatran etexilate in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmpt-2019-0029/dmpt-2019-0029.xml. [PMID: 32134727 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2019-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the well-studied safety profile of dabigatran, its interactions with genetic polymorphism parameters are poorly understood, especially in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study assessed whether genetic factors can contribute to CKD and alter dabigatran concentration. Methods Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stage 3 CKD treated with dabigatran 110 or 150 mg have been included in the study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ABCB1 gene (rs1045642 and rs4148738) and CES1 gene (rs2244613). A plasma trough concentration/dose (C/D) ratio was used as a pharmacokinetic index. Results A total of 96 patients aged 51-89 years (median age: 75 years) were evaluated. Patients on a reduced regimen of 110 mg twice a day were older (79.8 vs. 67.9, p < 0.0001) and had lower creatinine clearance (49.7 vs. 62.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.015). Patients with the rs2244613 CC genotype had lower C/D values (70% reduction in the mean C/D vs. AA genotype, p = 0.001). Linear stepwise regression has shown the CKD epidemiology collaboration to be the only significant predictor of C/D among genetic factors and kidney function characteristics. During the median follow-up of 15 months, there were 15 bleedings in 13 patients. Conclusions Polymorphism of CES1 rs2244613 can contribute to the safety of dabigatran in patients with AF and CKD. There was no influence of the aforementioned polymorphisms of ABCB1 on dabigatran trough plasma concentrations and C/D. Kidney function is a mainstay of clinical decision-making on direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) dose, and further knowledge should be accumulated on the role of genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, FGBOU DPO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Skripka
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kristina Ryzhikova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, FGBOU DPO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Personalized Medicine, Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Bochkov
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, FGBOU DPO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Personalized Medicine, Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Shevchenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, FGBOU DPO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Personalized Medicine, Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Krupenin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy Ivashchenko
- FGBOU DPO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Personalized Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Veronika Kogay
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Listratov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Arina Krainyaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Gurinovich
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Sokolova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy Napalkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor Fomin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), FGAOU VO of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Department of Faculty Therapy N1, Moscow, Russian Federation
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20
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Mirzaev KB, Osipova DV, Kitaeva EJ, Shprakh VV, Abdullaev SP, Andreev DA, Mumladze RB, Sychev DA. Effects of the rs2244613 polymorphism of the CES1 gene on the antiplatelet effect of the receptor P2Y12 blocker clopidogrel. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2019; 34:dmpt-2018-0039. [PMID: 31560647 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2018-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the carriage of the rs2244613 polymorphism of the CES1 gene with clopidogrel resistance as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in the carriers of this marker who have had acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study also analyzes the procedure of percutaneous coronary intervention and compares the rs2244613 carrier rate between patients with ACS and healthy participants. Methods The study involved 81 patients diagnosed with ACS and 136 conditionally healthy participants. The optical detection of platelet agglutination by VerifyNow was employed to measure residual platelet reactivity in patients with ACS. The rs2244613 polymorphism was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results According to the results, the AA genotype of the rs2244613 polymorphism of the CES1 gene was detected in 37 patients (45.6%), the CA genotype in 42 patients (51.8%) and the CC genotype in 2 patients (2.6%). The level of residual platelet reactivity in rs2244613 carriers was higher compared with patients who did not have this allelic variant: 183.23 PRU ± 37.24 vs. 154.3 PRU ± 60.36 (p = 0.01). The frequencies of the minor allele C were 28.4% and 28.3% in patients with ACS and healthy participants, respectively. The results of the linear statistical model PRU due to CES1 genotype were as follows: df = 1, F = 6.96, p = 0.01). The standardized beta was 0.285 (p = 0.01) and R2 was 0.081. However, we also added CYP2C19*2 and *17 into the linear regression model. The results of the model were as follows: df = 3, F = 5.1, p = 0.003) and R2 was 0.166. Conclusions We identified a statistically significant correlation between the carriage of the rs2244613 polymorphism of the CES1 gene and the level of residual platelet aggregation among patients with ACS and the procedure of percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Mirzaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Darya V Osipova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena J Kitaeva
- Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V Shprakh
- Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sherzod P Abdullaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis A Andreev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Robert B Mumladze
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy A Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CES) play a critical role in catalyzing hydrolysis of esters, amides, carbamates and thioesters, as well as bioconverting prodrugs and soft drugs. The unique tissue distribution of CES enzymes provides great opportunities to design prodrugs or soft drugs for tissue targeting. Marked species differences in CES tissue distribution and catalytic activity are particularly challenging in human translation. METHODS Review and summarization of CES fundamentals and applications in drug discovery and development. RESULTS Human CES1 is one of the most highly expressed drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver, while human intestine only expresses CES2. CES enzymes have moderate to high inter-individual variability and exhibit low to no expression in the fetus, but increase substantially during the first few months of life. The CES genes are highly polymorphic and some CES genetic variants show significant influence on metabolism and clinical outcome of certain drugs. Monkeys appear to be more predictive of human pharmacokinetics for CES substrates than other species. Low risk of clinical drug-drug interaction is anticipated for CES, although they should not be overlooked, particularly interaction with alcohols. CES enzymes are moderately inducible through a number of transcription factors and can be repressed by inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Although significant advances have been made in our understanding of CESs, in vitro - in vivo extrapolation of clearance is still in its infancy and further exploration is needed. In vitro and in vivo tools are continuously being developed to characterize CES substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Di
- Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, CT 06354, United States
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22
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Abdullaev SP, Mirzaev KB, Sychev DA. [Comparative clinical and economic evaluation of pharmacogenetic testing application for dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:22-27. [PMID: 32598750 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.08.000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical and economic feasibility of pharmacogenetic testing (PGT) for dabigataran etexilate administration in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) without valve in comparison with tactics without pharmacogenetic testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacoeconomic model was done using generalized data from published clinical, epidemiological and clinical - economic studies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Application of PGT on the carrier of allelic variant rs2244613 of CES1 gene for adjustment of dabigatrane etexilate dosage in patients with non - valve AF may be more cost - effective strategy for prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with non - valve AF. Thus, due to the decrease in the number of undesirable drug reactions in the form of minor and major bleedings, the difference in treatment costs in the group with PGT compared to the group with standard pharmacotherapy tactics per 100 patients was 11 827.65 rubles. The expected cost per patient per year for standard treatment was 36 051.35 rubles, while in the group with PGT it was 35 933.07 rubles. The difference was 1182.76 rubles in favor of the pharmacogenetic approach Conclusion. A PGT approach to correct dabigatrane dosage can reduce the cost of pharmacotherapy by reducing the risk of adverse reactions of minor and major bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Abdullaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - K B Mirzaev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - D A Sychev
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
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23
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Saiz-Rodríguez M, Belmonte C, Caniego JL, Koller D, Zubiaur P, Bárcena E, Romero-Palacián D, Eugene AR, Ochoa D, Abad-Santos F. Influence of CYP450 Enzymes, CES1, PON1, ABCB1, and P2RY12 Polymorphisms on Clopidogrel Response in Patients Subjected to a Percutaneous Neurointervention. Clin Ther 2019; 41:1199-1212.e2. [PMID: 31128980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine prodrug that inhibits platelet aggregation. It is prescribed to prevent atherothrombotic and thromboembolic events in patients receiving a stent implant in carotid, vertebral, or cranial arteries. The influence of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2C19 on the response to clopidogrel has been widely studied; however, the effect of other genes involved in clopidogrel absorption and metabolism has not been established in this cohort of patients. METHODS This observational retrospective study assessed the antiplatelet response and the prevalence of hemorrhagic or ischemic events after percutaneous neurointervention in clopidogrel-treated patients, related to 35 polymorphisms in the genes encoding the clopidogrel-metabolizing enzymes (CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, carboxylesterase-1 [CES1], and paraoxonase-1 [PON1]), P-glycoprotein transporter (ABCB1), and platelet receptor P2Y12. Polymorphisms were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antiplatelet response was documented with the VerifyNow system (Accriva, San Diego, California). FINDINGS We confirmed that CYP2C19 is the most important enzyme involved in clopidogrel response. The carriage of the CYP2C19*2 allele was strongly associated with hyporesponse to clopidogrel, while the CYP2C19*17 allele was a protective factor for the development of ischemic events (odds ratio = 0.149; P = 0.002) but a risk factor for bleeding (odds ratio = 3.60; P = 0.038). Patients carrying ABCB1 mutated alleles showed lower aggregation values, suggesting that clopidogrel absorption is influenced by P-glycoprotein. In fact, the percentage of responders was significantly higher in the group carrying the mutated haplotype compared to the wild type (80.8% vs 43.3%; P = 0.009). Patients with the CES1 G143E C/T genotype showed a considerably lower, aggregation value versus wild-type patients, although the difference was not significant likely due to the small sample size (59.0 [21.2] vs 165.2 [86.0] PRU; P = 0.084), which suggests an increased active metabolite formation. No relationship was found between polymorphisms in other CYP genes, PON1, or P2RY12 and response to clopidogrel in patients subjected to neurointervention procedures. IMPLICATIONS Therapeutic guidelines recommend that CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolizers with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention receive an alternative antiplatelet therapy; however, genotype-guided therapy is not a standard recommendation for neurovascular conditions. This is the first study to carry out a joint analysis of CYP2C19 and other genes involved in clopidogrel treatment in patients receiving percutaneous neurointervention. Our findings support routine genotyping in clopidogrel-treated patients. Moreover, we encourage considering an alternative antiplatelet therapy in CYP2C19 intermediate, poor and ultrarapid metabolizers. Additionally, ABCB1 polymorphisms could be considered for a better pharmacogenetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Saiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Belmonte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Spanish Clinical Research Network, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Caniego
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Koller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Zubiaur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bárcena
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Romero-Palacián
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andy R Eugene
- Independent Research, Larned, KS, USA; Independent Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dolores Ochoa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Spanish Clinical Research Network, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Spanish Clinical Research Network, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Sychev DA, Abdullaev SP, Mirzaev KB, Ryzhikova KA, Shuyev GN, Sozaeva ZA, Grishina EA, Mammaev SN, Gafurov DM, Kitaeva EY, Shprakh VV, Suleymanov SS, Bolieva LZ, Sozaeva MSH, Zhuchkova SM, Gimaldinova NE, Sidukova EE, Asoskova AV, Mumladze RB. Genetic determinants of dabigatran safety ( CES1 gene rs2244613 polymorphism) in the Russian population: multi-ethnic analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2761-2769. [PMID: 30850966 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of the CES1 gene (c.1168-33A > C, rs2244613) polymorphism among 12 different ethnic groups living in Russia to provide a basis for future clinical studies concerning genetic determinants of dabigatran safety. The study involved 1630 apparently healthy, unrelated, and chronic medication-free volunteers of both genders from 12 different ethnic groups in Russia: 136 Russians, 90 Avars, 50 Dargins, 46 Laks, 120 Kabardians, 112 Balkars, 244 Ossetians, 206 Mari, 204 Mordvinians, 238 Chuvashes, 114 Buryats and 70 Nanays. Genotyping was performed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction-based methods. The allelic prevalence of the ethnic groups was compared with Caucasus population participating in the RE-LY study. Statistically significant differences for the following gene polymorphism were found between all ethnic groups and RE-LY participants. Based on obtained results, it can be assumed that patients of all ethnic groups living in Russia taking dabigatran have a lower risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Alekseevich Sychev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
| | - Sherzod Pardaboevich Abdullaev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation.
| | - Karin Badavievich Mirzaev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
| | - Kristina Anatolevna Ryzhikova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
| | - Grigoriy Nikolaevich Shuyev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
| | - Zhannet Alimovna Sozaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Anatolevna Grishina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
| | - Suleiman Nurattinovich Mammaev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Dagestan State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Lenin Square, 1, Makhachkala, Republic Of Dagestan, 367000, Russian Federation
| | - Daniyal Musaevich Gafurov
- State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Dagestan "Laksky Central District Hospital", Kumuh Village, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 368360, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Yurievna Kitaeva
- Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Yubileinyi District, 100, Irkutsk, 664049, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Viktorovich Shprakh
- Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Yubileinyi District, 100, Irkutsk, 664049, Russian Federation
| | | | - Laura Zelimkhanovna Bolieva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "North Ossetia State Medical Academy" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pushkinskaya St., 40, Vladikavkaz, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, 362019, Russian Federation
| | - Maryam Sultan-Hamitovna Sozaeva
- State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Republican Clinical Hospital" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Nogmova St., 91, Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, 360003, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Mikhailovna Zhuchkova
- Autonomous Institution "Republican Clinical Oncologic Dispensary" of the Ministry of Health of the Chuvash Republic, Gladkov St., 31, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, 428020, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Evgenievna Gimaldinova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University", Moskovskiy pr., 15, Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, 428015, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Eduardovna Sidukova
- State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Mari El "Kozmodemyansk Interdistrict Hospital", 3rd Microdistrict, 25, Kozmodemyansk, Republic Of Mari El, 425350, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiia Valerievna Asoskova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
| | - Robert Borisovich Mumladze
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Barrikadnaya St., 2/1, Build. 1, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
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Yijie Q, Xuejun W, Yuanyao X, Yongqiong N, Jianxin Y, Yabin D, Xiangyang L. Effect of X-ray irradiation on pharmacokinetics of irinotecan hydrochloride and expression of CES1 and CYP3A1 in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:558-566. [PMID: 30811654 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiation with irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is accepted for cancer treatment. However, the effects of X-ray irradiation on chemotherapeutics in the plasma remain unclear. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 in rats after exposure to X-ray irradiation and examined the changes of protein and mRNA expression of CES1 and CYP3A1. The X-ray irradiation with 1 Gy and 5 Gy was delivered to the whole body of rats. CPT-11 at 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively, was intravenously infused 24 h after irradiation. CPT-11 was determined by RP-HPLC in plasma. ELISA and PCR were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of CES1 and CYP3A1, respectively. Compared with control rats, the X-ray irradiation decreased the AUC of CPT-11 (30 mg/kg) by 15.6% at 1 Gy and 39.0% at 5 Gy and increased the CL by 60.0% at 5 Gy. The X-ray irradiation could also decrease the AUC of CPT-11 (60 mg/kg) and increase the CL. In addition, the protein and mRNA expression of CES1 and CYP3A1 were increased significantly in rats after irradiation. This study found significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 in rats after exposure to X-ray irradiation, and they might be due to significant increases in the expressions of CYP3A1 and CES1. The pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 should be rechecked, and the optimal CPT-11 dose should be reevaluated during concurrent chemoradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yijie
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Wang Xuejun
- Department of Radiology, Red Cross Hospital of Qinghai, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xin Yuanyao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Nian Yongqiong
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yang Jianxin
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Duan Yabin
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Li Xiangyang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
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Wang D, Zou L, Jin Q, Hou J, Ge G, Yang L. Human carboxylesterases: a comprehensive review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:699-712. [PMID: 30245959 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases (CEs) are key enzymes from the serine hydrolase superfamily. In the human body, two predominant carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) have been identified and extensively studied over the past decade. These two enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolism of a wide variety of endogenous esters, ester-containing drugs and environmental toxicants. The key roles of CES in both human health and xenobiotic metabolism arouse great interest in the discovery of potent CES modulators to regulate endobiotic metabolism or to improve the efficacy of ester drugs. This review covers the structural and catalytic features of CES, tissue distributions, biological functions, genetic polymorphisms, substrate specificities and inhibitor properties of CES1 and CES2, as well as the significance and recent progress on the discovery of CES modulators. The information presented here will help pharmacologists explore the relevance of CES to human diseases or to assign the contribution of certain CES in xenobiotic metabolism. It will also facilitate medicinal chemistry efforts to design prodrugs activated by a given CES isoform, or to develop potent and selective modulators of CES for potential biomedical applications.
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Sychev DA, Levanov AN, Shelekhova TV, Bochkov PO, Denisenko NP, Ryzhikova KA, Mirzaev KB, Grishina EA, Gavrilov MA, Ramenskaya GV, Kozlov AV, Bogoslovsky T. The impact of ABCB1 (rs1045642 and rs4148738) and CES1 (rs2244613) gene polymorphisms on dabigatran equilibrium peak concentration in patients after total knee arthroplasty. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2018; 11:127-137. [PMID: 30100750 PMCID: PMC6064159 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s169277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are commonly used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in orthopedic patients. Despite known safety and high potency of NOACs, potential interactions of NOACs with genetic polymorphisms are poorly understood. Dabigatran etexilate is one of the most commonly prescribed direct thrombin inhibitors for the prevention of VTE. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of ABCB1 (rs1045642 and rs4148738) and CES1 (rs2244613) polymorphisms on dabigatran pharmacokinetics in patients after total knee arthroplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 60 patients, aged 37-81 years, who underwent surgery for knee replacement have been included in the study. VTE prophylaxis was conducted via administration of dabigatran etexilate 220 mg once daily. Genotyping for carrier state of polymorphic variants such as rs1045642 and rs4148738 of the ABCB1 gene and rs2244613 of the CES1 gene was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also measured the peak and trough concentrations of plasma dabigatran by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Our study revealed that TT genotype of rs1045642 polymorphism of the ABCB1 gene was associated with higher dabigatran equilibrium peak concentrations and the higher risk of bleeding than the presence of CC genotype (p<0.008). There was no statistically significant genotype-dependent difference in the trough concentrations between rs1045642 and rs4148738 of the ABCB1 gene and rs2244613 of the CES1 gene. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the polymorphisms of ABCB1 rs1045642 may have a prominent contribution to the safety of dabigatran in patients after knee surgery. Moreover, TT genotype may be associated with the higher risk of hemorrhagic complications in this population. There were no influence of polymorphism of ABCB1 rs4148738 and CES1 rs2244613 on dabigatran peak and through concentrations. Larger studies are needed to confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Alekseevich Sychev
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Nikolaevich Levanov
- Department of Occupational Pathology, Haematology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia,
| | - Tatiana Vladimirovna Shelekhova
- Department of Occupational Pathology, Haematology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia,
| | - Pavel Olegovich Bochkov
- Department of Personalized Medicine, Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Pavlovna Denisenko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Anatolyevna Ryzhikova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karin Badavievich Mirzaev
- Department of Personalized Medicine, Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Anatolyevna Grishina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Center, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Alekseevich Gavrilov
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia
| | - Galina Vladislavovna Ramenskaya
- Department of A.P. Arzamastsev Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Vladimirovich Kozlov
- Department of A.P. Arzamastsev Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow Medical State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tanya Bogoslovsky
- Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Gabriele M, Puccini P, Lucchi M, Vizziello A, Gervasi PG, Longo V. Presence and inter-individual variability of carboxylesterases ( CES1 and CES2) in human lung. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:64-71. [PMID: 29407485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lungs are pharmacologically active organs and the pulmonary drug metabolism is of interest for inhaled drugs design. Carboxylesterases (CESs) are enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of many structurally different ester, amide and carbamate chemicals, including prodrugs. For the first time, the presence, kinetics, inhibition and inter-individual variations of the major liver CES isozymes (CES1 and CES2) were investigated in cytosol and microsomes of human lungs from 20 individuals using 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA), 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate (4-MUA), and fluorescein diacetate (FD) as substrates the rates of hydrolysis (Vmax) for pNPA and 4-MUA, unlike FD, were double in microsomes than in cytosol. In these cellular fractions, the Vmax of pNPA, as CES1 marker, were much greater (30-50-fold) than those of FD, as a specific CES2 marker. Conversely, the Km values were comparable suggesting the involvement of the same enzymes. Inhibition studies revealed that the FD hydrolysis was inhibited by bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, and loperamide (specific for CES2), whereas the pNPA and 4-MUA hydrolysis inhibition was limited. Inhibitors selective for other esterases missed having any effect on above-mentioned activities. In cytosol and microsomes of 20 lung samples, inter-individual variations were found for the hydrolysis of pNPA (2.5-5-fold), FD or 4-MUA (8-15-fold). Similar variations were also observed in CES1 and CES2 gene expression, although determined in a small number (n = 9) of lung samples. The identification of CES1 and CES2 and their variability in human lungs are important for drug metabolism and design of prodrugs which need to be activated in this organ.
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Sa S, Gu M, Chappell J, Shao NY, Ameen M, Elliott KAT, Li D, Grubert F, Li CG, Taylor S, Cao A, Ma Y, Fong R, Nguyen L, Wu JC, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Reveals Novel Gene Expression and Patient Specificity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:930-941. [PMID: 27779452 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1200oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by loss and obliteration of lung vasculature. Endothelial cell dysfunction is pivotal to the pathophysiology, but different causal mechanisms may reflect a need for patient-tailored therapies. OBJECTIVES Endothelial cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells were compared with pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from the same patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension, to determine whether they shared functional abnormalities and altered gene expression patterns that differed from those in unused donor cells. We then investigated whether endothelial cells differentiated from pluripotent cells could serve as surrogates to test emerging therapies. METHODS Functional changes assessed included adhesion, migration, tube formation, and propensity to apoptosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and its target, collagen IV, signaling of the phosphorylated form of the mothers against decapentaplegic proteins (pSMAD1/5), and transcriptomic profiles were also analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Native pulmonary arterial and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells from patients with idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with control subjects showed a similar reduction in adhesion, migration, survival, and tube formation, and decreased BMPR2 and downstream signaling and collagen IV expression. Transcriptomic profiling revealed high kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) related to reduced migration and low carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), to impaired survival in patient cells. A beneficial angiogenic response to potential therapies, FK506 and Elafin, was related to reduced slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3), an antimigratory factor. CONCLUSIONS Despite the site of disease in the lung, our study indicates that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells are useful surrogates to uncover novel features related to disease mechanisms and to better match patients to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Sa
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mingxia Gu
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Ning-Yi Shao
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mohamed Ameen
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kathryn A T Elliott
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Dan Li
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Fabian Grubert
- 5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Caiyun G Li
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Shalina Taylor
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Aiqin Cao
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Yu Ma
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ryan Fong
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Long Nguyen
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
| | - Joseph C Wu
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,4 Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael P Snyder
- 2 Cardiovascular Institute.,5 Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- 1 Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases.,2 Cardiovascular Institute.,3 Department of Pediatrics
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Li J, Wang Y, Matye DJ, Chavan H, Krishnamurthy P, Li F, Li T. Sortilin 1 Modulates Hepatic Cholesterol Lipotoxicity in Mice via Functional Interaction with Liver Carboxylesterase 1. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:146-160. [PMID: 27881673 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism. Impaired hepatic cholesterol homeostasis causes intracellular free cholesterol accumulation and hepatocyte injury. Sortilin 1 (SORT1) is a lysosomal trafficking receptor that was identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as a novel regulator of cholesterol metabolism in humans. Here we report that SORT1 deficiency protected against cholesterol accumulation-induced liver injury and inflammation in mice. Using an LC-MS/MS-based proteomics approach, we identified liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) as a novel SORT1-interacting protein. Mechanistic studies further showed that SORT1 may regulate CES1 lysosomal targeting and degradation and that SORT1 deficiency resulted in higher liver CES1 protein abundance. Previous studies have established an important role of hepatic CES1 in promoting intracellular cholesterol mobilization, cholesterol efflux, and bile acid synthesis. Consistently, high cholesterol atherogenic diet-challenged Sort1 knock-out mice showed less hepatic free cholesterol accumulation, increased bile acid synthesis, decreased biliary cholesterol secretion, and the absence of gallstone formation. SORT1 deficiency did not alter hepatic ceramide and fatty acid metabolism in high cholesterol atherogenic diet-fed mice. Finally, knockdown of liver CES1 in mice markedly increased the susceptibility to high cholesterol diet-induced liver injury and abolished the protective effect against cholesterol lipotoxicity in Sort1 knock-out mice. In summary, this study identified a novel SORT1-CES1 axis that regulates cholesterol-induced liver injury, which provides novel insights that improve our current understanding of the molecular links between SORT1 and cholesterol metabolism. This study further suggests that therapeutic inhibition of SORT1 may be beneficial in improving hepatic cholesterol homeostasis in metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | - Yifeng Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | - David J Matye
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | - Hemantkumar Chavan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | - Partha Krishnamurthy
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
| | - Feng Li
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tiangang Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 and
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Ning R, Wang XP, Zhan YR, Qi Q, Huang XF, Hu G, Guo QL, Liu W, Yang J. Gambogic acid potentiates clopidogrel-induced apoptosis and attenuates irinotecan-induced apoptosis through down-regulating human carboxylesterase 1 and -2. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:816-24. [PMID: 26750665 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1125560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1. In this study, we report that gambogic acid (GA), a promising anticancer agent, potentiates clopidogrel-induced apoptosis and attenuates CPT-11-induced apoptosis by down-regulating human carboxylesterase (CES) 1 and -2 via ERK and p38 MAPK pathway activation, which provides a molecular explanation linking the effect of drug combination directly to the decreased capacity of hydrolytic biotransformation. 2. The expression levels of CES1 and CES2 decreased significantly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in response to GA in Huh7 and HepG2 cells; hydrolytic activity was also reduced. 3. The results showed that pretreatment with GA potentiated clopidogrel-induced apoptosis by down-regulating CES1. Moreover, the GA-mediated repression of CES2 attenuated CPT-11-induced apoptosis. 4. Furthermore, the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways were involved in the GA-mediated down-regulation of CES1 and CES2. 5. Taken together, our data suggest that GA is a potent repressor of CES1 and CES2 and that combination with GA will affect the metabolism of drugs containing ester bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ning
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Yun-Ran Zhan
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- c Department of Pharmacology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA , and
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- d Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Gang Hu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
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Jiang XL, Samant S, Lewis JP, Horenstein RB, Shuldiner AR, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Peletier LA, Lesko LJ, Schmidt S. Development of a physiology-directed population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for characterizing the impact of genetic and demographic factors on clopidogrel response in healthy adults. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 82:64-78. [PMID: 26524713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Clopidogrel (Plavix®), is a widely used antiplatelet agent, which shows high inter-individual variability in treatment response in patients following the standard dosing regimen. In this study, a physiology-directed population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was developed based on clopidogrel and clopidogrel active metabolite (clop-AM) data from the PAPI and the PGXB2B studies using a step-wise approach in NONMEM (version 7.2). The developed model characterized the in vivo disposition of clopidogrel, its bioactivation into clop-AM in the liver and subsequent platelet aggregation inhibition in the systemic circulation reasonably well. It further allowed the identification of covariates that significantly impact clopidogrel's dose-concentration-response relationship. In particular, CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolizers converted 26.2% and 39.5% less clopidogrel to clop-AM, respectively, compared to extensive metabolizers. In addition, CES1 G143E mutation carriers have a reduced CES1 activity (82.9%) compared to wild-type subjects, which results in a significant increase in clop-AM formation. An increase in BMI was found to significantly decrease clopidogrel's bioactivation, whereas increased age was associated with increased platelet reactivity. Our PK/PD model analysis suggests that, in order to optimize clopidogrel dosing on a patient-by-patient basis, all of these factors have to be considered simultaneously, e.g. by using quantitative clinical pharmacology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ling Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Snehal Samant
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B Horenstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lambertus A Peletier
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, PB 9512, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lawrence J Lesko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Tarkiainen EK, Tornio A, Holmberg MT, Launiainen T, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT, Niemi M. Effect of carboxylesterase 1 c.428G > A single nucleotide variation on the pharmacokinetics of quinapril and enalapril. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:1131-8. [PMID: 25919042 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) c.428G > A (p.G143E, rs71647871) single nucleotide variation (SNV) on the pharmacokinetics of quinapril and enalapril in a prospective genotype panel study in healthy volunteers. METHODS In a fixed-order crossover study, 10 healthy volunteers with the CES1 c.428G/A genotype and 12 with the c.428G/G genotype ingested a single 10 mg dose of quinapril and enalapril with a washout period of at least 1 week. Plasma concentrations of quinapril and quinaprilat were measured for up to 24 h and those of enalapril and enalaprilat for up to 48 h. Their excretion into the urine was measured from 0 h to 12 h. RESULTS The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC0-∞) of active enalaprilat was 20% lower in subjects with the CES1 c.428G/A genotype than in those with the c.428G/G genotype (95% confidence interval of geometric mean ratio 0.64, 1.00; P = 0.049). The amount of enalaprilat excreted into the urine was 35% smaller in subjects with the CES1 c.428G/A genotype than in those with the c.428G/G genotype (P = 0.044). The CES1 genotype had no significant effect on the enalaprilat to enalapril AUC0-∞ ratio or on any other pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters of enalapril or enalaprilat. The CES1 genotype had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters of quinapril. CONCLUSIONS The CES1 c.428G > A SNV decreased enalaprilat concentrations, probably by reducing the hydrolysis of enalapril, but had no observable effect on the pharmacokinetics of quinapril.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Katriina Tarkiainen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko T Holmberg
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Launiainen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pertti J Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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