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Johnson JL, Huang J, Rooney M, Gu C. Optimal pH 8.5 to 9 for the Hydrolysis of Vixotrigine and Other Basic Substrates of Carboxylesterase-1 in Human Liver Microsomes. Xenobiotica 2021; 52:105-112. [PMID: 34904522 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2018629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vixotrigine is a voltage- and use-dependent sodium channel blocker under investigation for the potential treatment of neuropathic pain. One of the major in vivo metabolic pathways of vixotrigine in humans is the hydrolysis of the carboxamide to form the carboxylic acid metabolite M14.The in vitro formation of M14 in human hepatocytes was inhibited by the carboxylesterase (CES) inhibitor Bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate in a concentration-dependent manner. The hydrolysis reaction was identified to be catalyzed by recombinant human CES1b.Initial observation of only trace level formation of M14 in human liver microsomes at pH 7.4 caused us to doubt the involvement of CES1, an enzyme localized at the endoplasmic reticulum and the dominant carboxylesterase in human liver. Further investigation has revealed that optimal pH for the hydrolysis of vixotrigine and two other basic substrates of CES1, methylphenidate and oseltamivir, in human liver microsomes was pH 8.5 to 9 which is higher than their respective pKa(base), suggesting that neutral form of basic substrates is probably preferred for CES1 catalysis in liver microsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Johnson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics.,Current affiliation of JLJ: Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Rooney
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
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2
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Halkina T, Henderson JL, Lin EY, Himmelbauer MK, Jones JH, Nevalainen M, Feng J, King K, Rooney M, Johnson JL, Marcotte DJ, Chodaparambil JV, Kumar PR, Patterson TA, Murugan P, Schuman E, Wong L, Hesson T, Lamore S, Bao C, Calhoun M, Certo H, Amaral B, Dillon GM, Gilfillan R, de Turiso FGL. Discovery of Potent and Brain-Penetrant Tau Tubulin Kinase 1 (TTBK1) Inhibitors that Lower Tau Phosphorylation In Vivo. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6358-6380. [PMID: 33944571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis of the known NIK inhibitor 3 bound to the kinase domain of TTBK1 led to the design and synthesis of a novel class of azaindazole TTBK1 inhibitors exemplified by 8 (cell IC50: 571 nM). Systematic optimization of this series of analogs led to the discovery of 31, a potent (cell IC50: 315 nM) and selective TTBK inhibitor with suitable CNS penetration (rat Kp,uu: 0.32) for in vivo proof of pharmacology studies. The ability of 31 to inhibit tau phosphorylation at the disease-relevant Ser 422 epitope was demonstrated in both a mouse hypothermia and a rat developmental model and provided evidence that modulation of this target may be relevant in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Halkina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jaclyn L Henderson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Edward Y Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Martin K Himmelbauer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - J Howard Jones
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marta Nevalainen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kristopher King
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Rooney
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joshua L Johnson
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas J Marcotte
- Department of Physical Biochemistry and Molecular Design, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jayanth V Chodaparambil
- Department of Physical Biochemistry and Molecular Design, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - P Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Physical Biochemistry and Molecular Design, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas A Patterson
- Department of Physical Biochemistry and Molecular Design, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Department of Bioassays, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eli Schuman
- Department of Bioassays, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - LaiYee Wong
- Department of Bioassays, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas Hesson
- Department of Bioassays, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sarah Lamore
- Department of Preclinical Safety, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Channa Bao
- Department of Emerging Neurosciences Research Unit, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Calhoun
- Department of Emerging Neurosciences Research Unit, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hannah Certo
- Department of Emerging Neurosciences Research Unit, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brenda Amaral
- Department of Emerging Neurosciences Research Unit, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Gregory M Dillon
- Department of Emerging Neurosciences Research Unit, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rab Gilfillan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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3
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Himmelbauer MK, Xin Z, Jones JH, Enyedy I, King K, Marcotte DJ, Murugan P, Santoro JC, Hesson T, Spilker K, Johnson JL, Luzzio MJ, Gilfillan R, de Turiso FGL. Rational Design and Optimization of a Novel Class of Macrocyclic Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10740-10756. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) and hypertension lead to myocardial injury, which induces negative remodelling and cardiac fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis, which involves inflammatory cell infiltration and myofibroblast activation, causes worldwide mortality and morbidity. In response to MI or hypertension induced by prolonged angiotensin II (AngII) exposure, activated myofibroblasts produce extracellular matrix proteins. However, if unchecked, excessive collagen deposition occurs leading to myocardial stiffening, heart failure and arrhythmias.
Purpose
The underlying mechanisms leading to pathological collagen deposition are not fully elucidated. There is debate regarding the involvement of the Wnt signalling pathway and its product Wnt Inducible Signalling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) in cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, this project aimed to investigate the interaction of AngII and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in cardiac fibrosis.
Methods
The effect of AngII (100nM) on collagen levels in human cardiac fibroblasts was investigated in vitro (data expressed as fold change from control ± SEM). In vivo experiments (n=6–8) determined the involvement of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway, specifically WISP-1, in response to AngII infusion (500ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks (Apolipoprotein E−/−/WISP-1+/+ vs. ApolipoproteinE−/−/WISP-1−/− mice on a high-fat diet, data expressed as mean positive pixel % ± SEM).
Results
AngII significantly increased collagen type 1 protein levels produced by human cardiac fibroblasts (2.94±0.75 vs 1±0, p<0.05). Inhibition of Wnt/b-catenin signalling with 25nM iCRT14 significantly suppressed AngII-induced collagen levels (0.46±0.07 vs. 1±0, p<0.05). As expected, AngII infusion significantly induced hypertension in all mice. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated type 1 collagen was markedly higher in AngII mice than control mice (1.07±0.27 vs. 0.29±0.06, p<0.05). However, in the absence of WISP-1, AngII did not enhance collagen type 1 levels. Further immunohistochemical analysis of murine hearts demonstrated that AngII infusion caused significant alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling markers AXIN-2 (35±3.9 vs. 10.7±2.6 p<0.05) and PPAR-d (92±1.4 vs. 17.3±4.3 p<0.05). This effect was reduced by WISP-1 deletion. Furthermore, AngII-infusion disrupted N-cadherin junctions (0.55±0.08 vs. 0.29±0.02 p<0.05) suggesting modulation of cell-to-cell contacts and enhanced β-catenin signalling.
Conclusion
This study indicates that AngII enhances cardiac fibrosis via modulation of the Wnt signalling pathway, in part via WISP-1. Further delineation of this interaction may lead to the use of Wnt/β-catenin or WISP-1 inhibitors to suppress myocardial injury induced cardiac fibrosis in post-MI or hypertensive patients.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Elizabeth Blackwell Institute, British Heart Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Z Li
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Young
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - B A Brown
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J L Johnson
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - H Williams
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S J George
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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5
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Bark CM, Thiel BA, Ogwang S, Sekitoleko I, Muzanyi G, Joloba ML, Johnson JL. Sputum smear-positive, culture-negative state during anti-tuberculosis treatment in the MGIT liquid culture era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:306-308. [PMID: 29471909 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The sputum smear-positive, culture-negative state poses a challenge for clinicians. Previous studies have shown that most samples with positive smears during the later stages of treatment are culture-negative. Earlier studies generally used solid culture media, which tend to be less sensitive than current liquid culture systems. We examined the smear-positive, culture-negative state in the era of MGIT™ 960™ liquid cultures. We found that the smear-positive, culture-negative state occurred less frequently with MGIT culture, and that the majority of the samples with late positive smears were culture-negative, regardless of media type.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bark
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - B A Thiel
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - S Ogwang
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala
| | - I Sekitoleko
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration
| | - G Muzanyi
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration
| | - M L Joloba
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J L Johnson
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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6
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Mohamed M, Kang L, Zhang C, Edenfield B, Sykes J, Brown T, Johnson JL, Rehman F, Nguyen JH. Simulating Transplant Small-for-size Grafts Using Human Liver Monosegments: The Impact of Portal Perfusion Pressure. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:919-924. [PMID: 30737025 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-for-size-liver grafts (SFSG) in adult transplant recipients have elevated risk of graft failure, limiting its application in clinical liver transplantation. Relevant preclinical model of SFSG is lacking. Relevant to deceased-donor split liver transplant and living-donor liver transplant in adult recipients, in this study, we present our initial characterization of SFSG model using monosegments of a discarded human donor liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohamed
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - L Kang
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - B Edenfield
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - J Sykes
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - T Brown
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - J L Johnson
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - F Rehman
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - J H Nguyen
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.
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7
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Czuczman MS, Leonard JP, Jung S, Johnson JL, Hsi ED, Byrd JC, Cheson BD. Phase II trial of galiximab (anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody) plus rituximab (CALGB 50402): Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score is predictive of upfront immunotherapy responsiveness. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:2271. [PMID: 29390097 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Mat Noh MA, Di Gregoli K, George SJ, Johnson JL. P22 PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MACROPHAGES DISPLAY DIVERGENT POLARISATION TOWARDS VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE-LIKE AND ENDOTHELIAL-LIKE PHENOTYPES. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy216.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M A Mat Noh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Di Gregoli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S J George
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J L Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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9
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Brown BA, Williams H, Bond AR, Angelini GD, Johnson JL, George SJ. Carotid artery ligation induced intimal thickening and proliferation is unaffected by ageing. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:529-537. [PMID: 29185213 PMCID: PMC6039339 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Following interventions to treat atherosclerosis, such as coronary artery bypass graft surgery, restenosis occurs in approximately 40% of patients. Identification of proteins regulating intimal thickening could represent targets to prevent restenosis. Our group previously demonstrated that in a murine model of vascular occlusion, Wnt4 protein expression and β-catenin signalling was upregulated which promoted vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and intimal thickening. In this study, the effect of age on VSMC proliferation, intimal hyperplasia and Wnt4 expression was investigated. In vitro proliferation of VSMCs isolated from young (2 month) or old (18-20 month) C57BL6/J mice was assessed by immunocytochemistry for EdU incorporation. As previously reported, 400 ng/mL recombinant Wnt4 protein increased proliferation of VSMCs from young mice. However, this response was absent in VSMCs from old mice. As our group previously reported reduced intimal hyperplasia in Wnt4+/- mice compared to wildtype controls, we hypothesised that impaired Wnt4 signalling with age may result in reduced neointimal formation. To investigate this, carotid artery ligation was performed in young and old mice and neointimal area was assessed 21 days later. Surprisingly, neointimal area and percentage lumen occlusion were not significantly affected by age. Furthermore, neointimal cell density and proliferation were also unchanged. These data suggest that although Wnt4-mediated proliferation was impaired with age in primary VSMCs, carotid artery ligation induced neointimal formation and proliferation were unchanged in old mice. These results imply that Wnt4-mediated proliferation is unaffected by age in vivo, suggesting that therapeutic Wnt4 inhibition could inhibit restenosis in patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Brown
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - H Williams
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - A R Bond
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - G D Angelini
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - J L Johnson
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - S J George
- Bristol Medical School, , University of Bristol, Research Floor Level Seven, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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10
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Bianco R, Di Gregoli K, Caputo M, Zakkar M, George SJ, Johnson JL. P2 VALIDATION OF A NOVEL HUMAN EX-VIVO MODEL OF ANEURYSM TO SUPPLANT MOUSE MODELS. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy216.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Bianco
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Di Gregoli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Caputo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Zakkar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S J George
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J L Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Di Gregoli K, George SJ, Dive V, Johnson JL. O3 MMP12 INHIBITION PROTECTS AGAINST ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM PROGRESSION. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy216.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Di Gregoli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S J George
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - V Dive
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J L Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Boyajian S, George SJ, Johnson JL. P3 MODULATION OF THE ACTIN CYTOSKELETON IN MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPES DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS THEIR BEHAVIOUR. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy216.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Boyajian
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S J George
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J L Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Bianco R, Di Gregoli K, Caputo M, Zakkar M, George SJ, Johnson JL. 28Development and characterisation of a human ex-vivo model of aneurysm. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Bianco
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences., Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Di Gregoli
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences., Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Caputo
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences., Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Zakkar
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences., Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S J George
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences., Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J L Johnson
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences., Bristol, United Kingdom
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14
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Thiel BA, Bark CM, Nakibali JG, van der Kuyp F, Johnson JL. Reader variability and validation of the Timika X-ray score during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:1358-1363. [PMID: 27725048 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Chest radiographs (CXRs) are widely used for diagnosing pulmonary TB and assessing response to therapy. The Timika X-ray score has been proposed as a tool for measuring disease severity and predicting treatment outcome. OBJECTIVE To evaluate inter- and intra-reader agreement of Timika scores and assess the ability of the score to predict microbiologic outcome at 2 months. DESIGN Analytical validation study. Disease severity was measured by two readers using pretreatment radiographs and follow-up films taken at 2, 6 and 12 months after the start of treatment among 110 human immunodeficiency virus negative adults with pulmonary TB. One fourth of the films were reread to assess intra-reader agreement. RESULTS The two-component Timika score had high inter- and intra-reader agreement (intraclass correlation (ICC)inter = 75%, ICCintra > 0.81). Baseline Timika score was associated with positive month 2 smear (P = 0.0004) and culture status (P = 0.03). The average Timika score declined significantly over the course of successful treatment. CONCLUSION The Timika score showed good inter- and intra-reader agreement and a significant association with microbiological outcomes after 2 months of treatment. The results of this study strengthen the evidence supporting the use of the Timika score for measuring disease severity on CXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Thiel
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C M Bark
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda, Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J G Nakibali
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - F van der Kuyp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J L Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
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15
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Savic RM, Weiner M, MacKenzie WR, Engle M, Whitworth WC, Johnson JL, Nsubuga P, Nahid P, Nguyen NV, Peloquin CA, Dooley KE, Dorman SE. Defining the optimal dose of rifapentine for pulmonary tuberculosis: Exposure-response relations from two phase II clinical trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:321-331. [PMID: 28124478 PMCID: PMC5545752 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rifapentine is a highly active antituberculosis antibiotic with treatment-shortening potential; however, exposure-response relations and the dose needed for maximal bactericidal activity have not been established. We used pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data from 657 adults with pulmonary tuberculosis participating in treatment trials to compare rifapentine (n = 405) with rifampin (n = 252) as part of intensive-phase therapy. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses were performed with nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Time to stable culture conversion of sputum to negative was determined in cultures obtained over 4 months of therapy. Rifapentine exposures were lower in participants who were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus, black, male, or fasting when taking drug. Rifapentine exposure, large lung cavity size, and geographic region were independently associated with time to culture conversion in liquid media. Maximal treatment efficacy is likely achieved with rifapentine at 1,200 mg daily. Patients with large lung cavities appear less responsive to treatment, even at high rifapentine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Savic
- University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Weiner
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - W R MacKenzie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M Engle
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - W C Whitworth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J L Johnson
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Nsubuga
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Nahid
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,National Tuberculosis Program, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N V Nguyen
- National Tuberculosis Program, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C A Peloquin
- College of Pharmacy and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - K E Dooley
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S E Dorman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cramer CJ, Johnson JL, Kamel AM. Prediction of Mass Spectral Response Factors from Predicted Chemometric Data for Druglike Molecules. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2017; 28:278-285. [PMID: 27832527 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A method is developed for the prediction of mass spectral ion counts of drug-like molecules using in silico calculated chemometric data. Various chemometric data, including polar and molecular surface areas, aqueous solvation free energies, and gas-phase and aqueous proton affinities were computed, and a statistically significant relationship between measured mass spectral ion counts and the combination of aqueous proton affinity and total molecular surface area was identified. In particular, through multilinear regression of ion counts on predicted chemometric data, we find that log10(MS ion counts) = -4.824 + c 1•PA + c 2•SA, where PA is the aqueous proton affinity of the molecule computed at the SMD(aq)/M06-L/MIDI!//M06-L/MIDI! level of electronic structure theory, SA is the total surface area of the molecule in its conjugate base form, and c 1 and c 2 have values of -3.912 × 10-2 mol kcal-1 and 3.682 × 10-3 Å-2. On a 66-molecule training set, this regression exhibits a multiple R value of 0.791 with p values for the intercept, c 1, and c 2 of 1.4 × 10-3, 4.3 × 10-10, and 2.5 × 10-6, respectively. Application of this regression to an 11-molecule test set provides a good correlation of prediction with experiment (R = 0.905) albeit with a systematic underestimation of about 0.2 log units. This method may prove useful for semiquantitative analysis of drug metabolites for which MS response factors or authentic standards are not readily available. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joshua L Johnson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Metabolism, and Pharmacokinetics (MAP), 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Biogen, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), 125 Broadway, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Amin M Kamel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Metabolism, and Pharmacokinetics (MAP), 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Biogen, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), 125 Broadway, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Johnson JL, Kozysa A, Kharlamova AV, Gulevich RG, Perelman PL, Fong HWF, Vladimirova AV, Oskina IN, Trut LN, Kukekova AV. Platinum coat color in red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is caused by a mutation in an autosomal copy of KIT. Anim Genet 2015; 46:190-9. [PMID: 25662789 DOI: 10.1111/age.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) demonstrates a variety of coat colors including platinum, a common phenotype maintained in farm-bred fox populations. Foxes heterozygous for the platinum allele have a light silver coat and extensive white spotting, whereas homozygosity is embryonic lethal. Two KIT transcripts were identified in skin cDNA from platinum foxes. The long transcript was identical to the KIT transcript of silver foxes, whereas the short transcript, which lacks exon 17, was specific to platinum. The KIT gene has several copies in the fox genome: an autosomal copy on chromosome 2 and additional copies on the B chromosomes. To identify the platinum-specific KIT sequence, the genomes of one platinum and one silver fox were sequenced. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the first nucleotide of KIT intron 17 in the platinum fox. In platinum foxes, the A allele of the SNP disrupts the donor splice site and causes exon 17, which is part of a segment that encodes a conserved tyrosine kinase domain, to be skipped. Complete cosegregation of the A allele with the platinum phenotype was confirmed by linkage mapping (LOD 25.59). All genotyped farm-bred platinum foxes from Russia and the US were heterozygous for the SNP (A/G), whereas foxes with different coat colors were homozygous for the G allele. Identification of the platinum mutation suggests that other fox white-spotting phenotypes, which are allelic to platinum, would also be caused by mutations in the KIT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Johnson
- Animal Sciences Department, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Thomas AC, Hayes EH, Tsaousi A, Di Gregoli K, Jenkinson SR, Bevan LA, Johnson JL, Newby AC. P731Classical and alternative activation and metalloproteinase expression occurs in foam cell macrophages in ApoE null mice in the absence of T- and B-lymphocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Thomas AC, Eijgelaar WJ, Daemen MJAP, Hayes EM, Bevan LA, Johnson JL, White SJ, Newby AC. P730Foam cell macrophages increase fibrosis: a new paradox. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Auclair JR, Salisbury JP, Johnson JL, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Bosco DA, Agar NYR, Santagata S, Durham HD, Agar JN. Artifacts to avoid while taking advantage of top-down mass spectrometry based detection of protein S-thiolation. Proteomics 2014; 14:1152-7. [PMID: 24634066 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up MS studies typically employ a reduction and alkylation step that eliminates a class of PTM, S-thiolation. Given that molecular oxygen can mediate S-thiolation from reduced thiols, which are abundant in the reducing intracellular milieu, we investigated the possibility that some S-thiolation modifications are artifacts of protein preparation. Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was chosen for this case study as it has a reactive surface cysteine residue, which is readily cysteinylated in vitro. The ability of oxygen to generate S-thiolation artifacts was tested by comparing purification of SOD1 from postmortem human cerebral cortex under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. S-thiolation was ∼50% higher in aerobically processed preparations, consistent with oxygen-dependent artifactual S-thiolation. The ability of endogenous small molecule disulfides (e.g. cystine) to participate in artifactual S-thiolation was tested by blocking reactive protein cysteine residues during anaerobic homogenization. A 50-fold reduction in S-thiolation occurred indicating that the majority of S-thiolation observed aerobically was artifact. Tissue-specific artifacts were explored by comparing brain- and blood-derived protein, with remarkably more artifacts observed in brain-derived SOD1. Given the potential for such artifacts, rules of thumb for sample preparation are provided. This study demonstrates that without taking extraordinary precaution, artifactual S-thiolation of highly reactive, surface-exposed, cysteine residues can result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Auclair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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21
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Auclair JR, Johnson JL, Liu Q, Salisbury JP, Rotunno MS, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Brown RH, Bosco DA, Agar JN. Post-translational modification by cysteine protects Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase from oxidative damage. Biochemistry 2013; 52:6137-44. [PMID: 23927036 DOI: 10.1021/bi4006122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cytotoxic. To remove ROS, cells have developed ROS-specific defense mechanisms, including the enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide anions into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Although hydrogen peroxide is less reactive than superoxide, it is still capable of oxidizing, unfolding, and inactivating SOD1, at least in vitro. To explore the relevance of post-translational modification (PTM) of SOD1, including peroxide-related modifications, SOD1 was purified from postmortem human nervous tissue. As much as half of all purified SOD1 protein contained non-native post-translational modifications (PTMs), the most prevalent modifications being cysteinylation and peroxide-related oxidations. Many PTMs targeted a single reactive SOD1 cysteine, Cys111. An intriguing observation was that unlike native SOD1, cysteinylated SOD1 was not oxidized. To further characterize how cysteinylation may protect SOD1 from oxidation, cysteine-modified SOD1 was prepared in vitro and exposed to peroxide. Cysteinylation conferred nearly complete protection from peroxide-induced oxidation of SOD1. Moreover, SOD1 that has been cysteinylated and peroxide oxidized in vitro comprised a set of PTMs that bear a striking resemblance to the myriad of PTMs observed in SOD1 purified from human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Auclair
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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22
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Luzze H, Johnson DF, Dickman K, Mayanja-Kizza H, Okwera A, Eisenach K, Cave MD, Whalen CC, Johnson JL, Boom WH, Joloba M. Relapse more common than reinfection in recurrent tuberculosis 1-2 years post treatment in urban Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:361-7. [PMID: 23407224 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of recurrent tuberculosis (TB) due to relapse with the patient's initial strain or reinfection with a new strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1-2 years after anti-tuberculosis treatment in Uganda, a sub-Saharan TB-endemic country. DESIGN Records of patients with culture-confirmed TB who completed treatment at an urban Ugandan clinic were reviewed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were used to determine relapse or reinfection. Associations between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity and type of TB recurrence were determined. RESULTS Of 1701 patients cured of their initial TB episode with a median follow-up of 1.24 years, 171 (10%) had TB recurrence (8.4 per 100 person-years). Rate and risk factors for recurrence were similar to other studies from sub-Saharan Africa. Insertion sequence (IS) 6110-based RFLP of paired isolates from 98 recurrences identified 80 relapses and 18 reinfections. Relapses among HIV-positive and -negative patients were respectively 79% and 85% of recurrences. CONCLUSIONS Relapse was more common and presented earlier than reinfection in both HIV-positive and -negative TB patients 1-2 years after completing treatment. These findings impact both the choice of retreatment drug regimen, as relapsing patients are at higher risk for acquired drug resistance, and clinical trials of new TB regimens with relapse as clinical endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luzze
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program, Mulago Hospital and Complex, Kampala, Uganda
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Maciel EL, Brioschi AP, Peres RL, Guidoni LM, Ribeiro FK, Hadad DJ, Vinhas SA, Zandonade E, Palaci M, Dietze R, Johnson JL. Smoking and 2-month culture conversion during anti-tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:225-8. [PMID: 23317958 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors for delayed sputum culture conversion to negative during anti-tuberculosis treatment, with an emphasis on smoking. DESIGN Nested case-control study of adults with non-cavitary, culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) participating in an anti-tuberculosis treatment trial in Brazil. A case of delayed culture conversion was a patient who remained culture-positive after 2 months of treatment. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Fifty-three cases and 240 control patients were analyzed. Smokers had three-fold greater odds of remaining culture-positive after 2 months of treatment (P = 0.007) than non-smokers, while smokers and ex-smokers who smoked >20 cigarettes a day had two-fold greater odds of remaining culture-positive after 2 months of treatment (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking adversely affects culture conversion during anti-tuberculosis treatment. Support for smoking cessation should be considered to improve outcomes in TB control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Maciel
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Sibanda T, Tedla Z, Nyirenda S, Agizew T, Marape M, Miranda AG, Reuter H, Johnson JL, Samandari T. Anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes in HIV-infected adults exposed to isoniazid preventive therapy in Botswana. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:178-85. [PMID: 23317952 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Eight public health clinics in Gaborone and Francistown, Botswana. OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics and outcomes of incident tuberculosis (TB) cases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults exposed to isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) with access to antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis treatment. DESIGN In 1995 HIV-infected adults, TB disease was excluded before commencing IPT. During and after receipt of 6 or 36 months of IPT, symptomatic participants were evaluated using chest radiographs, sputum microscopy, cultures and drug susceptibility testing (DST). Incident TB cases received ≥6 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment. RESULTS Seventy-five incident TB cases were identified among 619 symptomatic participants. The median duration of IPT in these cases was 6 months (range 1-35), and the median time to initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment was 12 months after IPT cessation. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated before anti-tuberculosis treatment in 37 cases. Culture was positive in 43/58 (74%) TB cultures. DST was available for 38 cases, of which six (16%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH); 67/75 (89%) cases, including four with INH-monoresistant TB, completed anti-tuberculosis treatment or were cured. CONCLUSIONS With prompt initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment and access to ART, excellent outcomes were achieved in a public health setting in HIV-infected adults who developed TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sibanda
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botswana, Gaborone and Francistown, Botswana
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Rolan P, Johnson JL. Medication overuse headache is a manifestation of opioid induced hyperalgesia: a neuroimmune hypothesis and novel approach to treatment. J Headache Pain 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620334 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-s1-p162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Selecting a suitable nano-liquid chromatography system (LC), ionization source and mass spectrometer for LC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) studies is complicated by numerous competing technologies. This study compares four popular nano-LC systems, four ionization sources and three MS facilities that use completely different LC-MS-MS systems. Statistically significant differences in LC performance were identified with similarly performing Proxeon, Waters and Eksigent nanoLC-Ultra systems [retention time routinely at 0.7-0.9% relative standard deviation (RSD)], and all outperformed the Eksigent nanoLC-2D (RSD ∼2%). In addition, compatibility issues were identified between the Bruker HCT ion trap mass spectrometer and both the Eksigent nanoLC-2D and the Bruker nanoelectrospray source. The electrospray source itself had an unexpected and striking effect on chromatographic reproducibility on the Bruker HCT ion trap. The New Objective nanospray source significantly outperformed the Bruker nanospray source in retention time RSD (1% RSD versus 14% RSD, respectively); and the Bruker nebulized nanospray source outperformed both of these traditional, non-nebulized sources (0.5% RSD in retention time). Finally, to provide useful benchmarks for overall proteomics sensitivity, different LC-MS-MS platforms were compared by analyzing a range of concentrations of tryptic digests of bovine serum albumin at three MS facilities. The results indicate that similar sensitivity can be realized with a Bruker HCT-Ultra ion trap, a Thermo LTQ-Velos Linear ion trap and a Thermo LTQ-Orbitrap XL-ETD.
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Rolan P, Johnson JL. Medication overuse headache is a manifestation of opioid induced hyperalgesia: a neuroimmune hypothesis and novel approach to treatment. J Headache Pain 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-1-s1-p162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Robbins ML, Levesque DA, Redding CA, Johnson JL, Prochaska JO, Rohr MS, Peters TG. Assessing family members' motivational readiness and decision making for consenting to cadaveric organ donation. J Health Psychol 2012; 6:523-35. [PMID: 22049451 DOI: 10.1177/135910530100600506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the applicability of two important components of the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM) to family consent for cadaveric organ donation. Men and women (N = 169), who consented or refused to donate the organs of a family member, completed a telephone survey reflecting the stage of change and decisional balance constructs. Psychometric analyses resulted in a two-factor decisional balance scale: a seven-item scale representing negative perceptions of consent (cons), and a seven-item scale representing positive perceptions of consent (pros). The pros and cons were significantly associated with stage of readiness for donation consent and with the family consent decision. Research utilizing this measure has the potential to enhance intervention programs to increase donation consent rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Robbins
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, USA
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Lamunu D, Chapman KN, Nsubuga P, Muzanyi G, Mulumba Y, Mugerwa MA, Goldberg S, Bozeman L, Engle M, Saukkonen J, Mastranunzio S, Mayanja-Kizza H, Johnson JL. Reasons for non-participation in an international multicenter trial of a new drug for tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:480-5. [PMID: 22640513 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Clinical trials can provide a high standard of patient care and contribute to scientific knowledge; however, only a fraction of the patients screened participate and receive treatment as part of a trial. OBJECTIVE To explore reasons why patients were not enrolled in an international tuberculosis (TB) treatment trial and to compare experiences among study sites. DESIGN An analysis of reasons why patients were not enrolled was conducted among patients screened for a TB clinical trial at 26 sites in North and South America, Africa, and Europe. RESULTS Staff at study sites screened 1119 potential candidates for the trial: 61% (n = 686) were not enrolled due to 1) failure to meet eligibility criteria (n = 405, 59%), 2) site's decision (n = 168, 24%), or 3) candidate's choice (n = 113, 16%). Study staff recorded a total of 144 reasons for why they believed patients chose not to participate, including concerns over research (28%), conflicts with work or school (21%), and lifestyle and family issues (20%). Socio-demographic and geographic factors also influenced participation. CONCLUSION Increased evaluation of screening outcomes and of specific interventions, such as improved education and communication about trial procedures, may increase the efficiency of screening and enrollment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lamunu
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
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Bliven-Sizemore EE, Johnson JL, Goldberg S, Burman WJ, Villarino ME, Chaisson RE. Effect of HIV infection on tolerability and bacteriologic outcomes of tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:473-9. [PMID: 22325844 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Two international, multicenter Phase 2 clinical trials examining fluoroquinolone-containing regimens in adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), conducted from July 2003 to March 2007. Both trials enrolled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected participants who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at TB treatment initiation. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of HIV infection on TB treatment outcomes in Phase 2 clinical trials. DESIGN Cross-protocol analysis comparing the safety, tolerability and outcomes of anti-tuberculosis treatment by HIV status. RESULTS Of 750 participants who received at least one dose of study treatment, 123 (16%) were HIV-infected. Treatment completion rates were similar by HIV status (81% infected vs. 85% non-infected), as were rates of week 8 culture conversion (66% infected vs. 63% non-infected), and treatment failure (5% infected vs. 3% non-infected). Among HIV-infected participants, treatment failure detected using liquid media was more frequent in those treated thrice weekly (14% thrice weekly vs. 2% daily, P = 0.03). HIV-infected participants more frequently experienced an adverse event during the intensive phase treatment than non-HIV-infected participants (30% vs. 15%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION HIV-infected persons not receiving ART had more adverse events during the intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment, but tolerated treatment well. Failure rates were higher among HIV-infected persons treated with thrice-weekly intensive phase therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Bliven-Sizemore
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Czuczman MS, Leonard JP, Jung S, Johnson JL, Hsi ED, Byrd JC, Cheson BD. Phase II trial of galiximab (anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody) plus rituximab (CALGB 50402): Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score is predictive of upfront immunotherapy responsiveness. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2356-2362. [PMID: 22357442 PMCID: PMC5808680 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This phase II CALGB trial evaluated the activity and safety of an extended induction schedule of galiximab (G) plus rituximab (R) in untreated follicular lymphoma (FL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated FL (grades 1, 2, 3a) received 4 weekly infusions of G + R, followed by an additional dose every 2 months four times. International Workshop Response Criteria were used to evaluate response. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were treated and antibody infusions were well tolerated. The overall response rate (ORR) is 72.1% (95% confidence interval 59.2% to 82.9%): 47.6% complete response (CR)/unconfirmed complete response (CRu) and 24.6% partial response. At a median follow-up time of 4.3 years (range, 0.3-5.3 years) median progression-free survival (PFS) is 2.9 years. Notably, Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) correlated with ORR, CR rate, and PFS, and the low-risk FLIPI group (n = 12) achieved a 92% ORR, 75% CR/CRu rate, and 75% 3-year PFS. CONCLUSIONS An extended induction schedule of G + R in previously untreated FL is well tolerated and appears particularly efficacious in those patients with low-risk FLIPI scores. In addition, this trial served as the initial platform for additional CALGB 'doublet' combination regimes of rituximab plus other novel targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J P Leonard
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - S Jung
- CALGB Statistical Office, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - J L Johnson
- CALGB Statistical Office, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - E D Hsi
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - J C Byrd
- The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - B D Cheson
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, USA
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Abstract
Exercise increases peak VO2 partially through muscle adaptations. However, understanding muscle adaptations related to exercise dose is incomplete. This study investigated exercise training dose on capillaries per fiber and capillaries per area; and citrate synthase from vastus lateralis and related both to changes in peak VO2. This randomized trial compared 3 exercise doses: low amount-moderate intensity (n=40), low amount-high intensity (n=47), high amount-high intensity (n=41), and a control group (n=35). Both measures of capillary supply increased in all exercise groups (p<0.05). Low amount-high intensity and high amount-high intensity improved citrate synthase (p<0.05) and the low amount-moderate intensity citrate synthase approached significance (p=0.059). Muscle improvements were only related to improvements in peak VO2 in high amount-high intensity (citrate synthase, r=0.304; capillaries:fiber, r= - 0.318; p<0.05 and capillaries/mm2 r= - 0.310, p<0.05). These data suggest muscle adaptations occur following both low and high exercise doses, but are only related to improved peak VO2 following high amount-high intensity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Duscha
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Wootton L, Zhu XR, Kudchadker R, Sharma R, Choi B, Taylor M, Dong L, Johnson JL, Nguyen Q, Choi S, Lee A. SU-E-T-523: Comparison of Fiducial and Bony-Anatomy Based Alignment for Prostate Localization in Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Despite evidence of differences in smoking behaviour between women and men, few studies have assessed these differences in individuals with mental illnesses. In this cross-sectional study, we explored gender differences in smoking behaviour among 298 individuals (60% male) accessing community mental health services. Individuals with a psychotic disorder as compared with a non-psychotic disorder, and individuals using a greater number of substances were more likely to be male. Readiness to change, daily cigarette consumption and level of nicotine dependence did not differ between men and women; however, subjective ratings of tobacco addiction were higher in women than in men. Among women, only scores on the subjective tobacco addiction scale were associated with nicotine dependence, while among men, a variety of variables were associated with nicotine dependence. These factors are important for understanding individual differences in tobacco dependence among clients with mental illnesses, and are expected to inform future studies examining tobacco use in mental health treatment populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Torchalla
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHEOS), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Bark CM, Okwera A, Joloba ML, Thiel BA, Nakibali JG, Debanne SM, Boom WH, Eisenach KD, Johnson JL. Time to detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as an alternative to quantitative cultures. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 91:257-9. [PMID: 21353641 PMCID: PMC4108903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Testing new drugs is critical to improving the treatment of tuberculosis. Quantitative cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on solid media have been used in Phase 1 and 2 trials, but are time and resource intensive. Time to detection (TTD) of growth of M. tuberculosis in automated liquid culture systems is an alternative. TTD has been shown to correlate with CFU in quantitative cultures, and is faster and simpler to perform. We compared TTD in the BACTEC 460 liquid culture system with CFU in a clinical trial that included 110 subjects. Comparing all sputum cultures collected between baseline and 2 months we found a strong negative correlation between log(10) CFU and TTD (rho = -0.91). In addition, when TTD at baseline was compared with 1 and 2 month sputum culture positivity, subjects whose cultures were negative after 1 and 2 months had a significantly longer median baseline TTD compared with subjects whose cultures were positive at 1 and 2 months (5 vs. 3 days and 3 vs. 2 days, respectively). TTD compares closely with CFU and represents a faster, simpler alternative to quantitative cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bark
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-5083, USA.
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Peres RL, Palaci M, Loureiro RB, Dietze R, Johnson JL, Maciel EL. Reduction of contamination of mycobacterial growth indicator tubes using increased PANTA concentration. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:281-i. [PMID: 21219695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of a double concentration of supplemental polymyxin B, amphotericin B, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim and azlocillin (PANTA) added to the Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) on contamination and positivity rates in 216 sputum cultures. Contamination rates were respectively 12.9% and 5.5% for samples processed using standard and double PANTA concentrations (P = 0.0001, McNemar's test). Thirty-five per cent of cultures performed using standard PANTA and 36.5% of those performed using two-fold PANTA concentrations were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, compared to 25.9% of cultures inoculated on Ogawa medium. These results suggest that the use of MGIT with 2× PANTA may be useful in reducing culture contamination without reducing the diagnostic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Peres
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Bark CM, Morrison CS, Salata RA, Byamugisha JK, Katalemwa NH, Mugerwa RD, Mukasa JB, Musoke RN, Nankya-Mutyoba J, Rwambuya S, Walker CJ, Johnson JL. Acceptability of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in newly HIV-infected young women in Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010; 14:1647-1649. [PMID: 21144254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the acceptability of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in newly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected Ugandan women. Women were followed in an out-patient clinic where they received HIV care including IPT. Of 52 women who were purified protein derivative-positive, 48 were eligible for IPT and 39 (81%) completed therapy. This completion rate was higher than reported in similar observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bark
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Abstract
Little is known about genetic differentiation during speciation in fungi. The Collybia dryophila complex (Basidiomycetes: Tricholomataceae) contains several closely related groups of fungi at various levels of evolutionary divergence. Mating compatibility studies show there are several intersterile groups within the complex, three of which are distributed over two or more continents. Genetic relationships among five intersterility groups were compared by the method of DNA.DNA hybridization. Clustering techniques were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of these fungi. Genic identity based on DNA.DNA hybridization corresponds well with mating compatibility. Reduced genic identity was observed between geographically isolated populations of a single mating group. This evidence suggests an allopatric mode of evolution for the C. dryophila group. These results indicate extensive genic divergence is associated with the appearance of intersterility barriers in basidiomycetous fungi. The levels of divergence observed in these and in other fungi are significantly higher than that observed in many other eukaryotes, and this suggests that the rate of molecular or morphological evolution in fungi may differ from that found in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Jenkins NP, Johnson JL, Marx N, Pasterkamp G, Newby AC. 019 Metalloproteinases and foam-cell phenotypes in unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.195941.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Blum KA, Jung SH, Johnson JL, Lin TS, Hsi ED, Lucas DM, Byrd JC, Cheson BD, Bartlett NL. Serious pulmonary toxicity in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma with SGN-30, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and liposomal doxorubicin is associated with an FcγRIIIa-158 V/F polymorphism. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:2246-2254. [PMID: 20423913 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on in vitro synergistic cytotoxicity when anti-CD30 antibodies are combined with gemcitabine, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B conducted a double-blind, randomized, phase II trial of SGN-30 with gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (GVD) in patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In part 1 of the trial, 16 patients received SGN-30 with GVD to assess the safety of the combination. In part 2, patients were randomly allocated to SGN-30 (n = 7) or placebo (n = 7) with GVD to determine overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS ORR in all 30 patients was 63% (65% with SGN-30 plus GVD, n = 23, and 57% with placebo plus GVD, n = 7). Median event-free survival was 9.0 months, with no difference between the two arms. Grades 3-5 pneumonitis occurred in five patients receiving SGN-30 and GVD, leading to premature closure of the trial. All five patients with pulmonary toxicity had a V/F polymorphism in the FcγRIIIa gene (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Together with historical data demonstrating a 2% incidence of pulmonary events with GVD, these results indicate that SGN-30 cannot safely be administered concurrently. The risk of pneumonitis with SGN-30 and GVD is greatest in patients with an FcγRIIIa V/F polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Blum
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
| | - S-H Jung
- CALGB Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J L Johnson
- CALGB Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - T S Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - E D Hsi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - D M Lucas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J C Byrd
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - B D Cheson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - N L Bartlett
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Peres RL, Maciel EL, Morais CG, Ribeiro FCK, Vinhas SA, Pinheiro C, Dietze R, Johnson JL, Eisenach K, Palaci M. Comparison of two concentrations of NALC-NaOH for decontamination of sputum for mycobacterial culture. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2009; 13:1572-1575. [PMID: 19919781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effect of using two different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) method for sputum decontamination on smear and culture positivity and the proportion of contaminated cultures: 14% of cultures were contaminated using the standard final 1% NaOH concentration during processing compared to 11% contaminated cultures using a final 1.25% NaOH concentration (P < 0.008). The proportion of cultures positive for mycobacteria decreased from 21% to 11% for sputum processed with 1% and 1.25% final NaOH concentrations, respectively (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that a small reduction in culture contamination did not justify the considerable loss of positive cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Peres
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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42
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Molnar KS, Karabacak NM, Johnson JL, Wang Q, Tiwari A, Hayward LJ, Coales SJ, Hamuro Y, Agar JN. A common property of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated variants: destabilization of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase electrostatic loop. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30965-73. [PMID: 19635794 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.023945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
At least 119 mutations in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by an unidentified toxic gain of function. We compared the dynamic properties of 13 as-isolated, partially metallated, SOD1 variant enzymes using hydrogen-deuterium exchange. We identified a shared property of these familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related SOD1 variants, namely structural and dynamic change affecting the electrostatic loop (loop VII) of SOD1. Furthermore, SOD1 variants that have severely compromised metal binding affinities demonstrated additional structural and dynamic changes to the zinc-binding loop (loop IV) of SOD1. Although the biological consequences of increased loop VII mobility are not fully understood, this common property is consistent with the hypotheses that SOD1 mutations exert toxicity via aggregation or aberrant association with other cellular constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Molnar
- Department of Chemistry, Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA
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Wang Q, Johnson JL, Agar NY, Agar JN. Protein aggregation and protein instability govern familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient survival. PLoS Biol 2008; 6:e170. [PMID: 18666828 PMCID: PMC2486295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the "toxic gain of function" that results from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-, Parkinson-, and Alzheimer-related mutations is a matter of debate. As a result no adequate model of any neurodegenerative disease etiology exists. We demonstrate that two synergistic properties, namely, increased protein aggregation propensity (increased likelihood that an unfolded protein will aggregate) and decreased protein stability (increased likelihood that a protein will unfold), are central to ALS etiology. Taken together these properties account for 69% of the variability in mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide-dismutase-linked familial ALS patient survival times. Aggregation is a concentration-dependent process, and spinal cord motor neurons have higher concentrations of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase than the surrounding cells. Protein aggregation therefore is expected to contribute to the selective vulnerability of motor neurons in familial ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joshua L Johnson
- Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Y.R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Hamilton CD, Stout JE, Goodman PC, Mosher A, Menzies R, Schluger NW, Khan A, Johnson JL, Vernon AN. The value of end-of-treatment chest radiograph in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis relapse. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:1059-64. [PMID: 18713505 PMCID: PMC3785322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Patients with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on baseline chest radiograph (CXR) who remain culture-positive after 8 weeks of treatment are at high risk of relapse. The role of end-of-treatment (EOT) CXR in predicting relapse is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether EOT CXR independently predicts TB relapse. DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of intermittent treatment using rifapentine in the continuation phase of TB treatment among 1004 human immunodeficiency virus seronegative adults with culture-proven pulmonary TB. RESULTS Relapse occurred in 17.3% of subjects with persistent cavity on EOT CXR, in 7.6% of subjects with a cavity that resolved by EOT, and 2.5% (P=0.002 for trend) of subjects who never had a cavity. In multivariable analysis, patients with persistent cavity on EOT CXR were significantly more likely to relapse than patients with no cavity on baseline or 2-month CXR (hazard ratio [HR] 4.22, 95%CI 2.00-8.91), and were more likely to relapse than subjects whose early cavity had resolved by EOT CXR (HR 1.92, 95%CI 1.09-3.39). CONCLUSION A persistent cavity after 6 months of TB treatment was independently associated with disease relapse after controlling for other variables. EOT CXR may help predict those likely to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Hamilton
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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45
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Beeching CA, Johnson JL, Sala-Newby GB, George SJ. REDUCTION OF PLAQUE INSTABILITY BY SUPPRESSION OF VSMC APOPTOSIS WITH SOLUBLE N-CADHERIN. Atherosclerosis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
In animals the terminal step in the pathway for degradation of sulphur-containing amino acids is the oxidation of sulphite to sulphate. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme sulphite oxidase. The enzyme contains molybdenum and a cytochrome b5 type haem, is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and transfers electrons from sulphite to cytochrome c on the inner membrane. The sulphite oxidase protein has a molecular weight of 110 000 (chicken) to 122 000 (human) and exists as a dimer of identical subunits. The haem and molybdenum cofactors are present on separate domains of the molecule. The structure of the molydbenum cofactor has not been worked out in detail, but this cofactor is known to be present in many other molybdoenzymes including xanthine oxidase and nitrate reductase. Three cases of genetic sulphite oxidase deficiency in humans have been reported. The three affected children displayed mental retardation, neurological abnormalities and dislocated ocular lenses. The biochemical basis for lack of enzyme activity in each case has been studied. All three have been shown to lack the sulphite oxidase protein, but in one case this appears to be secondary to a defect in synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Sulphite oxidase deficiency has been produced in the rat by administration of high levels of tungsten. Sulphite oxidase-deficient animals are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of sulphite and atmospheric sulphur dioxide.
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Okoli CTC, Richardson CG, Ratner PA, Johnson JL. An examination of the smoking identities and taxonomies of smoking behaviour of youth. Tob Control 2008; 17:151-8. [DOI: 10.1136/tc.2007.021683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gellad ZF, Alexander BD, Liu JK, Griffith BC, Meyer AM, Johnson JL, Muir AJ. Severity of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in solid organ transplant patients. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:276-80. [PMID: 17635835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has a wide spectrum of disease severity. Studies have implicated immunosuppressants as a risk factor for severe disease. We hypothesized that solid organ transplant (SOT) patients with CDAD would be at greater risk for severe disease because of their profound immunosuppression. Adult SOT patients with CDAD seen at Duke University Medical Center between 1999 and 2003 were compared with a reference group of non-transplant patients with CDAD. The primary outcome was the development of complicated colitis defined as death, intensive care unit admission, or urgent colectomy within 30 days of diagnosis. A secondary outcome was relapse within 60 days. Eighty transplant and 86 non-transplant cases were reviewed. There was no significant difference in the development of complicated colitis (13.8% vs. 7.0%) or relapse rates (6.2% vs. 7.0%) between the 2 groups. In the entire sample, 18.5% of patients receiving corticosteroids unrelated to transplantation relapsed as compared with 4.5% not receiving corticosteroids (risk ratio 4.3, P=0.02). In conclusion, no significant difference was found in severity of CDAD between SOT patients and non-transplant patients. Exposure to corticosteroids was significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse and may warrant a longer treatment course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Gellad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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49
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We know that the social conditions in which children live exert a strong influence on their health; yet, we do not know how children's experience of these conditions of daily life shape their perspectives of health. METHODS Through ethnographic research methods, the first author spent 1 year with the 14 6-year-old children involved in this research and examined how the contexts of daily life influenced the children's perspectives of health. The children involved in this study all lived in a neighbourhood characterized as having a complex of mid to high range of neighbourhood factors associated with vulnerability. RESULTS The findings demonstrate that the children were able to articulate the health requirements of physical activity and healthy eating that supports their health. However, there was a disparity between the children's health knowledge, their perceptions and their contextual realities in relation to health. Children spoke of concerns for their physical safety within their schools and neighbourhoods; their lack of free range of play, and that they had few opportunities to play with or get to know neighbourhood friends. CONCLUSION Professionals in contact with children and families who live in challenging social conditions need to be aware of how these contexts shape children's understanding of their own health potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Irwin
- Human Early Learning Partnership (HELP), Library Processing Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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50
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Bartlett NL, Niedzwiecki D, Johnson JL, Friedberg JW, Johnson KB, van Besien K, Zelenetz AD, Cheson BD, Canellos GP. Gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (GVD), a salvage regimen in relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma: CALGB 59804. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:1071-9. [PMID: 17426059 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of high single-agent activity and modest toxicity, we hypothesized the combination of gemcitabine (G), vinorelbine (V), and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (D) would be an effective salvage therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 91 patients participated. GVD was administered on days 1 and 8 every 21 days at doses of G 1000 mg/m(2), V 20 mg/m(2), and D 15 mg/m(2) for transplant-naive patients, and G 800 mg/m(2), V 15 mg/m(2), and D 10 mg/m(2) for post-transplant patients. RESULTS The dose-limiting toxicity was mucositis for the transplant-naive patients and febrile neutropenia for post-transplant patients. The overall response rate (RR) for all patients was 70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 59.8, 79.7], with 19% complete remissions. The 4-year event-free and overall survival rates in transplant-naive patients treated with GVD followed by autologous transplant were 52% (95% CI 0.34, 0.68) and 70% (95% CI 0.49, 0.84), and in the patients in whom prior transplant failed, these were 10% (95% CI 0.03, 0.22) and 34% (95% CI 0.17, 0.52), respectively. CONCLUSIONS GVD is a well-tolerated, active regimen for relapsed HL with results similar to those reported for more toxic regimens. High RRs in patients in whom prior transplant failed confirms this regimen's activity even in heavily pretreated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Bartlett
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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