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Guo X, Fu Y, Peng J, Fu Y, Dong S, Ding RB, Qi X, Bao J. Emerging anticancer potential and mechanisms of snake venom toxins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131990. [PMID: 38704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal-derived venom, like snake venom, has been proven to be valuable natural resources for the drug development. Previously, snake venom was mainly investigated in its pharmacological activities in regulating coagulation, vasodilation, and cardiovascular function, and several marketed cardiovascular drugs were successfully developed from snake venom. In recent years, snake venom fractions have been demonstrated with anticancer properties of inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, restraining proliferation, suppressing angiogenesis, inhibiting cell adhesion and migration, improving immunity, and so on. A number of active anticancer enzymes and peptides have been identified from snake venom toxins, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinases (MPs), three-finger toxins (3FTxs), serine proteinases (SPs), disintegrins, C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLPs), cell-penetrating peptides, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs). In this review, we focus on summarizing these snake venom-derived anticancer components on their anticancer activities and underlying mechanisms. We will also discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junbo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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Offor BC, Piater LA. Snake venom toxins: Potential anticancer therapeutics. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:666-685. [PMID: 37697914 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom contains a cocktail of compounds dominated by proteins and peptides, which make up the toxin. The toxin components of snake venom attack several targets in the human body including the neuromuscular system, kidney and blood coagulation system and cause pathologies. As such, the venom toxins can be managed and used for the treatment of these diseases. In this regard, Captopril used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases was the first animal venom toxin-based drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Cancers cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to side effects associated with the current cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery, there is a need to improve the efficacy of current treatments and/or develop novel drugs from natural sources including animal toxin-based drugs. There is a long history of earlier and ongoing studies implicating snake venom toxins as potential anticancer therapies. Here, we review the role of crude snake venoms and toxins including phospholipase A2, L-amino acid oxidase, C-type lectin and disintegrin as potential anticancer agents tested in cancer cell lines and animal tumour models in comparison to normal cell lines. Some of the anti-tumour activities of snake venom toxins include induction of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth. We thus propose the advancement of multidisciplinary approaches to more pre-clinical and clinical studies for enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery of snake venom toxin-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Offor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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Galicka A, Szoka Ł, Radziejewska I, Marcinkiewicz C. Effect of Dimeric Disintegrins Isolated from Vipera lebetina obtusa Venom on Glioblastoma Cellular Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4805. [PMID: 37835499 PMCID: PMC10572073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins play a fundamental role in the migration and invasiveness of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, making them suitable targets for innovative cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the RGD homodimeric disintegrin VLO4, isolated from Vipera lebetina obtusa venom, on the adhesion, spreading, migration, and survival of LBC3, LN18, and LN229 cell lines. This disintegrin, as a potent antagonist for α5β1 integrin, showed pro-adhesive properties for these cell lines, the highest for LN229 and the lowest for LBC3. Glioblastoma cells displayed significant differences in the spreading on the immobilized VLO4 and the natural α5β1 integrin ligand, fibronectin. Solubilized VLO4 showed different cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic properties among tested cell lines, with the highest against LN18 and none against LN229. Moreover, VLO4 revealed an inhibitory effect on the migration of LBC3 and LN18 cell lines, in contrast to LN229 cells, which were not sensitive to this disintegrin. However, LN229 migration was impaired by VLO5, a disintegrin antagonistic to integrin α9β1, used in combination with VLO4. A possible mechanism of action of VLO4 may be related to the downregulation of α5β1 integrin subunit expression, as revealed by Western blot. VLO4 also inhibited cell proliferation and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in LBC3 and LN18 cell lines. These results indicate that targeting α5β1 integrin by related VLO4 compounds may be useful in the development of integrin-targeted therapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szoka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University CoE, Philadelphia, PA 19406, USA
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Almeida GDO, de Oliveira IS, Arantes EC, Sampaio SV. Snake venom disintegrins update: insights about new findings. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2023; 29:e20230039. [PMID: 37818211 PMCID: PMC10561651 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom disintegrins are low molecular weight, non-enzymatic proteins rich in cysteine, present in the venom of snakes from the families Viperidae, Crotalidae, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. This family of proteins originated in venom through the proteolytic processing of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which, in turn, evolved from a gene encoding an A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) molecule. Disintegrins have a recognition motif for integrins in their structure, allowing interaction with these transmembrane adhesion receptors and preventing their binding to proteins in the extracellular matrix and other cells. This interaction gives disintegrins their wide range of biological functions, including inhibition of platelet aggregation and antitumor activity. As a result, many studies have been conducted in an attempt to use these natural compounds as a basis for developing therapies for the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the FDA has approved Tirofiban and Eptifibatide as antiplatelet compounds, and they are synthesized from the structure of echistatin and barbourin, respectively. In this review, we discuss some of the main functional and structural characteristics of this class of proteins and their potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Oliveira Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Ben Hamouda S, Essafi-Benkhadir K. Interplay between Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment Components: A Paradoxical Role in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065600. [PMID: 36982677 PMCID: PMC10057671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become an important part of colorectal cancer (CRC) research. Indeed, it is now accepted that the invasive character of a primary CRC is determined not only by the genotype of the tumor cells, but also by their interactions with the extracellular environment, which thereby orchestrates the development of the tumor. In fact, the TME cells are a double-edged sword as they play both pro- and anti-tumor roles. The interaction of the tumor-infiltrating cells (TIC) with the cancer cells induces the polarization of the TIC, exhibiting an antagonist phenotype. This polarization is controlled by a plethora of interconnected pro- and anti-oncogenic signaling pathways. The complexity of this interaction and the dual function of these different actors contribute to the failure of CRC control. Thus, a better understanding of such mechanisms is of great interest and provides new opportunities for the development of personalized and efficient therapies for CRC. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways linked to CRC and their implication in the development or inhibition of the tumor initiation and progression. In the second part, we enlist the major components of the TME and discuss the complexity of their cells functions.
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Sadat SN, Bagheri KP, Maghsoudi H, Shahbazzadeh D. Oxineur, a novel peptide from Caspian cobra Naja naja oxiana against HT-29 colon cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130285. [PMID: 36462597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer ranks fourth in mortality. This cancer is still an important clinical challenge worldwide due to its high prevalence and poor prognosis. Proteomic studies revealed that snake venom is a diverse and variable mixture of enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins and peptides. Despite the toxic effects of these molecules, several proteins and peptides have been isolated that have practical applications and appear to induce apoptosis and prevent cell metastasis. In this study, we worked on cytotoxic effects and anticancer activity of Naja naja oxiana (Iranian Caspian cobra) snake venom components on HT-29 cell line colon cancer. Separated Fraction-5 by FPLC indicated the high cytotoxicity on HT-29 cell line colon cancer by MTT test. Further isolation of F5 by HPLC showed that the purified peak 2, nominated as Oxineur that contains a cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells and reduces cell viability at 8 μg/ml to 4% in 24 h. Oxineur has the least cytotoxic effect on HEK-293 normal cells. Further studies on Oxineur peptide confirmed the apoptotic effects with high expression of CASP9 gene and DNA fragmentation in cancerous cells. The partial sequence of Oxineur revealed 71% homology with the neurotoxin II from Naja naja oxiana. Since our target molecule is a peptide in the molecular weight range of 7 kDa, it has potentially a therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Narjes Sadat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Maghsoudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Payame Noor University, PNU Rey, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Shekarabi SM, Parsian H, Pooshang Bagheri K, Shahbazzadeh D. Oxilipin, a New Anti-cancer Phospholipase A2-like Protein from Iranian Caspian Cobra, Naja Naja Oxiana. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e129616. [PMID: 36937210 PMCID: PMC10016118 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel anti-cancer agents from natural resources is highly necessary. Concerning the above problem, the purpose of this study was to discover an anti-cancer compound from Caspian cobra venom. Fractionation of Caspian cobra venom was performed by gel filtration and IEX chromatography. The results showed an anti-cancer protein nominated as Oxilipin. Activity and toxicity of Oxilipin were studied on the colon SW480 cancer cell line using MTT, LDH release, PI staining, morphological cell analysis, hemolysis, and anti-proliferation assays. Oxilipin, an 11kDa protein purified from the venom of the Caspian cobra. LC/MS/MS analysis of obtained protein showed homology with Phospholipase A2 from Naja naja oxiana. 40 µg/ml of Oxilipin can induce an apoptotic effect in SW480 cell line up to 90%; meanwhile, this amount can induce only one-third of cytotoxicity on a normal cell. In this study, Iranian cobra venom was found to have cytotoxic effects on SW480 colon cancer tumor cells, with the least cytotoxicity on normal cells on HEK-293. Given that Oxilipin has slight toxicity on normal cells, it can be hypothesized that the obtained peptide can be considered as a drug lead in an animal model study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Shekarabi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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How snake venom disintegrins affect platelet aggregation and cancer proliferation. Toxicon 2022; 221:106982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sofyantoro F, Yudha DS, Lischer K, Nuringtyas TR, Putri WA, Kusuma WA, Purwestri YA, Swasono RT. Bibliometric Analysis of Literature in Snake Venom-Related Research Worldwide (1933-2022). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2058. [PMID: 36009648 PMCID: PMC9405337 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake envenomation is a severe economic and health concern affecting countries worldwide. Snake venom carries a wide variety of small peptides and proteins with various immunological and pharmacological properties. A few key research areas related to snake venom, including its applications in treating cancer and eradicating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, have been gaining significant attention in recent years. The goal of the current study was to analyze the global profile of literature in snake venom research. This study presents a bibliometric review of snake venom-related research documents indexed in the Scopus database between 1933 and 2022. The overall number of documents published on a global scale was 2999, with an average annual production of 34 documents. Brazil produced the highest number of documents (n = 729), followed by the United States (n = 548), Australia (n = 240), and Costa Rica (n = 235). Since 1963, the number of publications has been steadily increasing globally. At a worldwide level, antivenom, proteomics, and transcriptomics are growing hot issues for research in this field. The current research provides a unique overview of snake venom research at global level from 1933 through 2022, and it may be beneficial in guiding future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajar Sofyantoro
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Donan Satria Yudha
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Kenny Lischer
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia
| | - Tri Rini Nuringtyas
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Respati Tri Swasono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Rodríguez-Vargas A, Vega N, Reyes-Montaño E, Corzo G, Neri-Castro E, Clement H, Ruiz-Gómez F. Intraspecific Differences in the Venom of Crotalus durissus cumanensis from Colombia. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080532. [PMID: 36006194 PMCID: PMC9416679 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and biological differences in the venom of Crotalus durissus cumanensis from three ecoregions of Colombia were evaluated. Rattlesnakes were collected from the geographic areas of Magdalena Medio (MM), Caribe (CA) and Orinoquía (OR). All three regionally distributed venoms contain proteases, PLA2s and the basic subunit of crotoxin. However, only crotamine was detected in the CA venom. The highest lethality, coagulant, phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase activities were found in the MM venom. Also, some differences, observed by western blot and immunoaffinity, were found in all three venoms when using commercial antivenoms. Furthermore, all three eco-regional venoms showed intraspecific variability, considering the differences in the abundance and intensity of their components, in addition to the activity and response to commercial antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Rodríguez-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (N.V.); (E.R.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nohora Vega
- Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (N.V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Edgar Reyes-Montaño
- Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia; (N.V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (G.C.); (E.N.-C.); (H.C.)
| | - Edgar Neri-Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (G.C.); (E.N.-C.); (H.C.)
| | - Herlinda Clement
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (G.C.); (E.N.-C.); (H.C.)
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Animales Ponzoñosos y sus Venenos, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
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Bhargava S, Kumari K, Sarin RK, Singh R. Comparative Snake Venom Analysis for Facilitating Wildlife Forensics: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:8644993. [PMID: 35694612 PMCID: PMC9187493 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8644993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Confirm and authentic identification of species is required for the implementation of wildlife laws in cases of illegal trafficking of snake venoms. Illegally trafficked snake venom might be misidentified with other drugs of abuse, and sometimes, the species of venom-yielding snake cannot be verified. Snake venoms from medically important snake species, Naja naja and Daboia russelii, were procured from Irula Snake Catcher's Society, Tamil Nadu, India. Comparative analyses of both venoms were carried out using SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS, ICP-MS, and mtDNA analysis. The protein concentration of Naja naja and Daboia russelii venoms was 76.1% and 83.9%, respectively. SDS analysis showed a distinct banding pattern of both venoms. LC-MS/MS results showed proteins and toxins from 12 to 14 protein families in Naja naja and Daboia russelii venoms. Elemental analysis using ICP-MS showed a different profile of some elements in both venoms. mtDNA analysis of venoms using universal primers against Cyt b gene showed homology with sequence of Naja naja and Daboia russelii genes. The study proposed a template of various conventional and advanced molecular and instrumental techniques with their pros and cons. The template can be used by forensic science laboratories for detection, screening, and confirmatory analysis of suspected venoms of snakes. Clubbing of various techniques can be used to confirm the identification of species of snake from which the alleged venom was milked. The results can be helpful in framing charge-sheets against accused of illegal venom trafficking and can also be used to verify the purity and quality of commercially available snake venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhargava
- Department of Forensic Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
- School of Advanced Sciences & Languages, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Department of Forensic Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
- Forensic Science Department, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (144001), Punjab, India
| | | | - Rajvinder Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Evaluation of In vitro and In vivo Protective Efficacy of Bauhinia variegata Against Leishmania donovani in Murine Model. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:812-826. [PMID: 33528770 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the ignored parasitic infection affecting millions of people globally. Currently, available treatment options are unsatisfactory because of high cost and side effects of the leishmanicidal drugs. Therefore, herbal medicines provide a promising choice for the detection of efficient and novel leishmanicidal therapeutics which can rejuvenate the immune response of the host with less adverse effects. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo effect of hydroethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata (HEBV) against Leishmania donovani. METHODS The in vitro efficacy and cytotoxicity of HEBV was checked against L. donovani and THP1 human macrophages. Further HEBV (500 and 1000 mg/kg b.wt.) were given orally to inbred BALB/c mice infected with L. donovani for 2 weeks and euthanized on 14th post treatment day. Various parameters like parasite load, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, T cells, Th1/Th2 cytokines, histological and biochemical tests were investigated. RESULTS HEBV showed marked antileishmanial activity with cell cycle arrest at sub-G0/G1 phase. HEBV was found to be more effective at higher dose in declining parasite concentration in the spleen as compared to the lower dose. Moreover, the extract augmented the DTH reaction and T cell responses in the infected mice. Oral administration of HEBV caused the enhancement of disease-suppressing Th1 cytokines and suppression of disease-progressing Th2 cytokines with no toxicities. CONCLUSION Thus, HEBV showed the antileishmanial efficacy through the generation of pro-inflammatory immunity of the host which further suggests the mechanistic exploration of it as a leishmanicidal therapeutic.
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Bothrops Jararaca Snake Venom Modulates Key Cancer-Related Proteins in Breast Tumor Cell Lines. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080519. [PMID: 34437390 PMCID: PMC8402457 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide in an uncontrolled way and may spread into other tissues where they may infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Several previous reports have described biochemical anti-tumorigenic properties of crude snake venom or its components, including their capability of inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell death. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work describing cancer cell proteomic changes following treatment with snake venoms. In this work we describe the quantitative changes in proteomics of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cell lines following treatment with Bothrops jararaca snake venom, as well as the functional implications of the proteomic changes. Cell lines were treated with sub-toxic doses at either 0.63 μg/mL (low) or 2.5 μg/mL (high) of B. jararaca venom for 24 h, conditions that cause no cell death per se. Proteomics analysis was conducted on a nano-scale liquid chromatography coupled on-line with mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). More than 1000 proteins were identified and evaluated from each cell line treated with either the low or high dose of the snake venom. Protein profiling upon venom treatment showed differential expression of several proteins related to cancer cell metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. Among the identified proteins we highlight histone H3, SNX3, HEL-S-156an, MTCH2, RPS, MCC2, IGF2BP1, and GSTM3. These data suggest that sub-toxic doses of B. jararaca venom have potential to modulate cancer-development related protein targets in cancer cells. This work illustrates a novel biochemical strategy to identify therapeutic targets against cancer cell growth and survival.
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Kundeková B, Máčajová M, Meta M, Čavarga I, Bilčík B. Chorioallantoic Membrane Models of Various Avian Species: Differences and Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040301. [PMID: 33917385 PMCID: PMC8067367 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) of an avian embryo is used as an experimental model in various fields of research, including angiogenesis research and drug testing, xenografting and cancer research, and other scientific and commercial disciplines in microbiology, biochemistry, cosmetics, etc. It is a low-cost, low-maintenance, and well-available in vivo animal model that is non-sentient and can be used as an alternative for other mammal experimental models. It respects the principles of the "3R" rule (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement)-conditions set out for scientific community providing an essential framework for conducting a more human animal research, which is also in line with constantly raising public awareness of welfare and the ethics related to the use of animal experimental models. In this review, we describe the chorioallantoic membrane of an avian embryo, focusing on its properties and development, its advantages and disadvantages as an experimental model, and the possibilities of its application in various fields of biological research. Since the most common chicken CAM model is already well known and described in many publications, we are particularly focusing on the advantages and application of less known avian species that are used for the CAM model-quail, turkey, and duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kundeková
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana Máčajová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
| | - Majlinda Meta
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
| | - Ivan Čavarga
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
- St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilčík
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, CBs SAS, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.M.); (I.Č.); (B.B.)
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Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Anwar MI. Mechanistic insights of snake venom disintegrins in cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174022. [PMID: 33727054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a potential source of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds with a defensive role for the host. Various peptides with significant medicinal properties have been isolated and characterized from these venoms. Few of these are FDA approved. They inhibit tumor cells adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting integrins on transmembrane cellular surfaces. This plays important role in delaying tumor growth, neovascularization and development. Tumor targeting and smaller size make them ideal candidates as novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This review is based on sources of these disintegrins, their targeting modality, classification and underlying anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Wang X, Qiao J, Zou C, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Sesamin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through p38/C-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in human colorectal cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:248-256. [PMID: 33534411 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sesamin, a lignan compound, exhibits a variety of biological activities and possesses potent anticancer properties on some human cancers. However, its effect on human colorectal cancer (CRC) remains to be elucidated. To investigate the effects of sesamin on CRC cells and further to explore the mechanisms, cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were performed in this study. We found that sesamin had a selective antiproliferation of CRC cell line HCT116 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but no obvious effect on human normal colorectal mucosa epithelial cell FHC. Further study showed that sesamin-induced cell cycle arrest and decreased the expression of Cyclin D1 significantly and dose-dependently in HCT116 cells. Moreover, sesamin dose-dependently triggered apoptosis of HCT116 but not FHC, and promoted the expression levels of proapoptotic biomarkers Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP-1 and inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic biomarker Bcl-2. Western blot analysis was used to reveal the possible signaling pathways, and we found that sesamin upregulated the phosphorylation expression levels of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 except ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent way in both HCT116 and another CRC cell line SW480. Moreover, we found that the apoptosis effect induced by sesamin was partially eliminated by inhibiting JNK or p38 activation. Finally, we showed that sesamin effectively reduced the growth of xenograft tumors derived from cell lines with limited toxicity. Taken together, the potential ability of sesamin to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was shown to be via the p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, which may be one of the mechanisms of the anticancer activity of this low-toxic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yutao Zhao
- Institute of Anesthesia, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Jebali J, Zakraoui O, Aissaoui D, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Srairi-Abid N, Marrakchi N, Essafi-Benkhadir K. Lebecetin, a snake venom C-type lectin protein, modulates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production in human THP-1-derived macrophages. Toxicon 2020; 187:144-150. [PMID: 32918926 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The excessive production of inflammatory mediators results in an overactive immune response leading to the worsening of various human diseases. Thus, there is a still need to identify molecules able to regulate the inflammatory response. Lebecetin, a C-type lectin protein isolated from Macrovipera lebetina snake venom, was previously characterized as a platelet aggregation inhibitor and antitumor active biomolecule. In the present work, we investigated its effect on the production of some cytokines linked to inflammatory response and the underlying mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP1 macrophages. Interestingly, we found that lebecetin reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 while it partially increased LPS-induced secretion of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, this modulatory effect was accompanied by decreased activation of ERK1/2, p38, AKT kinases and NF-κB along with reduced expression of αvβ3 integrin. Thus, this study highlights the promising role of lebecetin as a natural biomolecule that could manage the inflammatory response involved in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Jebali
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08/LR16IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Molécules Thérapeutiques, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ons Zakraoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04/LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Aissaoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08/LR16IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Molécules Thérapeutiques, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08/LR16IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Molécules Thérapeutiques, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08/LR16IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Molécules Thérapeutiques, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08/LR16IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Molécules Thérapeutiques, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04/LR16IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068, Tunis, Tunisia.
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New opportunities and challenges of venom-based and bacteria-derived molecules for anticancer targeted therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:356-369. [PMID: 32846203 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to advances in detection and treatment of cancer, especially the rise in the targeted therapy, the five-year relative survival rate of all cancers has increased significantly. However, according to the analysis of the survival rate of cancer patients in 2019, the survival rate of most cancers is still less than five years. Therefore, to combat complex cancer and further improve the 5-year survival rate of cancer patients, it is necessary to develop some new anticancer drugs. Because of the adaptive evolution of toxic species for millions of years, the venom sac is a "treasure bank", which has millions of biomolecules with high affinity and stability awaiting further development. Complete utilization of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs in the market is still staggering because of incomplete understanding regarding their mode of action. In this review, we focused on the currently identified targets for anticancer effects based on venomous and bacterial biomolecules, such as ion channels, membrane non-receptor molecules, integrins, and other related target molecules. This review will serve as the key for exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer potential of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs and will also lay the path for the development of anticancer targeted therapy.
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Tan CH, Liew JL, Navanesan S, Sim KS, Tan NH, Tan KY. Cytotoxic and anticancer properties of the Malaysian mangrove pit viper ( Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus) venom and its disintegrin (purpureomaculin). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200013. [PMID: 32742279 PMCID: PMC7375409 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asiatic pit vipers from the Trimeresurus complex are medically important venomous snakes. These pit vipers are often associated with snakebite that leads to fatal coagulopathy and tissue necrosis. The cytotoxic venoms of Trimeresurus spp.; however, hold great potential for the development of peptide-based anticancer drugs. Methods This study investigated the cytotoxic effect of the venom from Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus, the mangrove pit viper (also known as shore pit viper) which is native in Malaysia, across a panel of human cancer cell lines from breast, lung, colon and prostate as well as the corresponding normal cell lines of each tissue. Results The venom exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activities on all cell lines tested, with median inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.42 to 6.98 µg/mL. The venom has a high selectivity index (SI = 14.54) on breast cancer cell line (MCF7), indicating that it is significantly more cytotoxic toward the cancer than to normal cell lines. Furthermore, the venom was fractionated using C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the anticancer effect of each protein fraction was examined. Fraction 1 that contains a hydrophilic low molecular weight (approximately 7.5 kDa) protein was found to be the most cytotoxic and selective toward the breast cancer cell line (MCF7). The protein was identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a venom disintegrin, termed purpureomaculin in this study. Conclusion Taken together, the findings revealed the potent and selective cytotoxicity of a disintegrin protein isolated from the Malaysian T. purpureomaculatus venom and suggested its anticancer potential in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo Hock Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Lee Liew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suerialoasan Navanesan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Shin Sim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nget Hong Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Yi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Urra FA, Araya-Maturana R. Putting the brakes on tumorigenesis with snake venom toxins: New molecular insights for cancer drug discovery. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:195-204. [PMID: 32428714 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit molecular characteristics that confer them different proliferative capacities and survival advantages to adapt to stress conditions, such as deregulation of cellular bioenergetics, genomic instability, ability to promote angiogenesis, invasion, cell dormancy, immune evasion, and cell death resistance. In addition to these hallmarks of cancer, the current cytostatic drugs target the proliferation of malignant cells, being ineffective in metastatic disease. These aspects highlight the need to identify promising therapeutic targets for new generations of anti-cancer drugs. Toxins isolated from snake venoms are a natural source of useful molecular scaffolds to obtain agents with a selective effect on cancer cells. In this article, we discuss the recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of nine classes of snake toxins that suppress the hallmarks of cancer by induction of oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction, reactive oxygen species-dependent DNA damage, blockage of extracellular matrix-integrin signaling, disruption of cytoskeleton network and inhibition of growth factor-dependent signaling. The possible therapeutic implications of toxin-based anti-cancer drug development are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix A Urra
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 7800003, Chile; Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Network for Snake Venom Research and Drug Discovery, Santiago 7800003, Chile; Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Tantawy MA, El-Sherbeeny NA, Helmi N, Alazragi R, Salem N, Elaidy SM. Synthetic antiprotozoal thiazolide drug induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells: implications of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 and p53/caspases-dependent signaling pathways based on molecular docking and in vitro study. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 469:143-157. [PMID: 32356241 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global pressing healthcare priority. Dysregulation of the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 and p53/caspase downstreaming pathways are significantly involved in the progression of CRC, and mainly affecting apoptosis. Discovery of new anti-cancer agents is laborious, time consuming, and costly with obvious socioeconomic burden. In the present study, we are proposing new molecular insights on the anti-proliferative and apoptotic therapeutic effects of nitazoxanide (NTZ) on CRC. NTZ is FDA-approved thiazolide antiparasitic agent, which has excellent safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. The molecular docking study revealed that NTZ has better binding affinity and docking score against JAK2 and BCL2 proteins compared to 5-Fluorouracil, which is the standard drug for treatment of CRC. The current in vitro work on a human HCT116 cell line displayed that NTZ had lower IC50 value (11.20 µM) than 5-flurouracil (23.78 µM), and NTZ induced a statistically significant down-regulation of IL6/JAK2/STAT3. NTZ also modulated significantly the p53/caspases-dependent signaling pathways, leading to enhancement of apoptosis and an increase of DNA fragmentation. Moreover, NTZ regulated the Bcl-2 gene family and promoted the loss of mitochondrial function which was depicted by release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), and caspase activation in apoptotic HCT116 cells. Additionally, NTZ was able to reduce the expression of VEGF in CRC cell line, which needs future thorough molecular investigations. In conclusion, our findings provided a novel evidence that NTZ could be a dual potential IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor and p53/caspases-dependent pathway activator in CRC cell line. These potentials support further exploratory molecular researches targeting the therapeutic roles of NTZ in CRC; individually and simultaneously with current approved chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Tantawy
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. .,Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. .,Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nagla A El-Sherbeeny
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samah M Elaidy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Wu M, Tang Y, Hu G, Yang C, Ye K, Liu X. miR-4458 directly targets IGF1R to inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in hemangioma. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3017-3023. [PMID: 32256788 PMCID: PMC7086214 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemangiomas (HAs) are benign neoplasms of the vasculature. MicroRNA-4458 (miR-4458) has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in multiple malignancies, but its biological function in HAs remains unknown. In the present study, the potential role of miR-4458 in HA-derived endothelial cells (HDECs) was investigated. Firstly, reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was used to confirm the expression of miR-4458 in HDECs following transfection with miR-4458 mimics or inhibitor. Subsequently, MTT and EdU assays were performed and subsequently determined that miR-4458 overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation, and knockdown promoted cell proliferation in HDECs. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that miR-4458 overexpression induced cell cycle arrest, whereas knockdown reversed G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was identified as a target of miR-4458. IGF1R knockdown enhanced the effects of miR-4458 on cell proliferation, cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in HDECs. Taken together, the results revealed that miR-4458 targeting of IGF1R may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating patients with HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Chunjian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
| | - Kaichuang Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 230011, P.R. China
| | - Xianluo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230011, P.R. China
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Neuropilin: Handyman and Power Broker in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:31-67. [PMID: 32030684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 form a small family of transmembrane receptors, which, due to the lack of a cytosolic protein kinase domain, act primarily as co-receptors for various ligands. Performing at the molecular level both the executive and organizing functions of a handyman as well as of a power broker, they are instrumental in controlling the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. In this setting, the various neuropilin ligands and interaction partners on various cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells, are surveyed. The suitability of various neuropilin-targeting substances and the intervention in neuropilin-mediated interactions is considered as a possible building block of tumor therapy.
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Isolation of an Anti-Tumour Disintegrin: Dabmaurin-1, a Peptide Lebein-1-Like, from Daboia mauritanica Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020102. [PMID: 32033352 PMCID: PMC7076848 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the soft treatment of cancer tumours, consequent downregulation of the malignant tissue angiogenesis constitutes an efficient way to stifle tumour development and metastasis spreading. As angiogenesis requires integrin–promoting endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and vessel tube formation, integrins represent potential targets of new therapeutic anti–angiogenic agents. Our work is a contribution to the research of such therapeutic disintegrins in animal venoms. We report isolation of one peptide, named Dabmaurin–1, from the hemotoxic venom of snake Daboia mauritanica, and we evaluate its potential anti–tumour activity through in vitro inhibition of the human vascular endothelial cell HMECs functions involved in tumour angiogenesis. Dabmaurin–1 altered, in a dose–dependent manner, without any significant cytotoxicity, HMEC proliferation, adhesion, and their mesenchymal migration onto various extracellular matrix proteins, as well as formation of capillary–tube mimics on MatrigelTM. Via experiments involving HMEC or specific cancers cells integrins, we demonstrated that the above Dabmaurin–1 effects are possibly due to some anti–integrin properties. Dabmaurin–1 was demonstrated to recognize a broad panel of prooncogenic integrins (αvβ6, αvβ3 or αvβ5) and/or particularly involved in control of angiogenesis (α5β1, α6β4, αvβ3 or αvβ5). Furthermore, mass spectrometry and partial N–terminal sequencing of this peptide revealed, it is close to Lebein–1, a known anti–β1 disintegrin from Macrovipera lebetina venom. Therefore, our results show that if Dabmaurin–1 exhibits in vitro apparent anti–angiogenic effects at concentrations lower than 30 nM, it is likely because it acts as an anti–tumour disintegrin.
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Manogaran P, Beeraka NM, Huang CY, Vijaya Padma V. Neferine and isoliensinine enhance ‘intracellular uptake of cisplatin’ and induce ‘ROS-mediated apoptosis’ in colorectal cancer cells – A comparative study. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lupeol induces immunity and protective efficacy in a murine model against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2019; 146:1440-1450. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe available chemotherapeutics for the cure of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are linked with many detrimental effects. Moreover, VL is associated with the suppression of protective Th1 immune response of the host and induction of disease exaggerating Th2 immune response. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement of therapeutics which can augment the immune status of the host to cure this disease. In the current investigation, the antileishmanial potential of lupeol was monitored in vitro and in vivo in inbred BALB/c mice against Leishmania donovani. Lupeol showed potent antipromastigote activity via arresting parasites at sub G0/G1 phase in vitro. Lupeol significantly decreased the splenic parasite burden by inducing strong delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in contrary to untreated infected animals. The therapeutic efficacy of lupeol was observed to be similar to the reference drug, AmB. Treatment of infected animals with lupeol depicted enhanced levels of T cells and Th1 cytokines in contrast to only infected controls. Further lupeol treatment upregulated the levels of nuclear factor κ B and nitric oxide synthase genes and elevated the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Unlike AmB, lupeol-treated infected animals did not show any toxicity. These findings are promising and indicate that lupeol can serve as a prototype drug for the cure of VL.
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Ozverel CS, Damm M, Hempel BF, Göçmen B, Sroka R, Süssmuth RD, Nalbantsoy A. Investigating the cytotoxic effects of the venom proteome of two species of the Viperidae family (Cerastes cerastes and Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus) from various habitats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:20-30. [PMID: 30825636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal secretions are of great interest in terms of drug development due to their complex protein and peptide composition. Especially, in the field of therapeutic medications such as anti-cancer drugs snake venoms receive attention. In this study, we address two Viperidae species from various habitats with a particular focus on the cytotoxic potential along with the decomplexation of the venom proteome: the horned desert viper (Cerastes cerastes), native to desert regions of North Africa and the mangrove pit viper (Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus), found in coastal forests of Southeast Asia. Initial cytotoxic screenings of the crude venoms revealed diverse activity, with the highest effect against SHSY5Y human glioblastoma carcinoma cells compared to other cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. In-depth cytotoxicity studies of SHSY5Y cells with purified venom fractions revealed heterodimeric disintegrins from C. cerastes venom, which exerted a high cytotoxic activity with IC50 values from 0.11 to 0.58 μM and a disintegrin-like effect on SHSY5Y morphology was observed due to cell detachment. Furthermore, two polyproline BPP-related peptides, one PLA2 and a peptide-rich fraction were determined for C. purpureomaculatus with moderate IC50 values between 3 and 51 μM. Additionally, the decryption of the venom proteomes by snake venomic mass spectrometry and comparison of the same species from different habitats revealed slight differences in the composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Serhan Ozverel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Maik Damm
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bayram Göçmen
- Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Robert Sroka
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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Danilucci TM, Santos PK, Pachane BC, Pisani GFD, Lino RLB, Casali BC, Altei WF, Selistre-de-Araujo HS. Recombinant RGD-disintegrin DisBa-01 blocks integrin α vβ 3 and impairs VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:27. [PMID: 30894182 PMCID: PMC6425665 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrins mediate cell adhesion, migration, and survival by connecting the intracellular machinery with the surrounding extracellular matrix. Previous studies demonstrated the interaction between αvβ3 integrin and VEGF type 2 receptor (VEGFR2) in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. DisBa-01, a recombinant His-tag fusion, RGD-disintegrin from Bothrops alternatus snake venom, binds to αvβ3 integrin with nanomolar affinity blocking cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Here we present in vitro evidence of a direct interference of DisBa-01 with αvβ3/VEGFR2 cross-talk and its downstream pathways. Methods Human umbilical vein (HUVECs) were cultured in plates coated with fibronectin (FN) or vitronectin (VN) and tested for migration, invasion and proliferation assays in the presence of VEGF, DisBa-01 (1000 nM) or VEGF and DisBa-01 simultaneously. Phosphorylation of αvβ3/VEGFR2 receptors and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting. Morphological alterations were observed and quantified by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Results DisBa-01 treatment of endothelial cells inhibited critical steps of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis such as migration, invasion and tubulogenesis. The blockage of αvβ3/VEGFR2 cross-talk by this disintegrin decreases protein expression and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and β3 integrin subunit, regulates FAK/SrC/Paxillin downstream signals, and inhibits ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. These events result in actin re-organization and inhibition of HUVEC migration and adhesion. Labelled-DisBa-01 colocalizes with αvβ3 integrin and VEGFR2 in treated cells. Conclusions Disintegrin inhibition of αvβ3 integrin blocks VEGFR2 signalling, even in the presence of VEGF, which impairs the angiogenic mechanism. These results improve our understanding concerning the mechanisms of pharmacological inhibition of angiogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0339-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís M Danilucci
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patty K Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bianca C Pachane
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Graziéle F D Pisani
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rafael L B Lino
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Casali
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wanessa F Altei
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Heloisa S Selistre-de-Araujo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil.
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Yang Y, Cui H, Wang X. Downregulation of EIF5A2 by miR-221-3p inhibits cell proliferation, promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in medulloblastoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:400-408. [PMID: 30551723 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1553604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, miR-221-3p expression has been reported to be down-regulated in medulloblastoma (MB), but its functional effects remains unclear. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed significantly decreased miR-221-3p in MB cell lines. Transfection of miR-221-3p mimics reduced, or inhibitor increased cell proliferation in MB cells using MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis indicated miR-221-3p overexpression promoted, while knockdown alleviated G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed miR-221-3p directly targets the EIF5A2 gene. Moreover, restoration of EIF5A2 in the miR-221-3p-overexpressing DAOY cells significantly alleviated the suppressive effects of miR-221-3p on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-221-3p overexpression decreased CDK4, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 and increased Bad expression, which was reversed by EIF5A2 overexpression. These results uncovered the tumor suppressive role of miR-221-3p in MB cell proliferation at least in part via targeting EIF5A2, suggesting that miR-221-3p might be a potential candidate target for diagnosis and therapeutics of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University , Jingzhou , Hubei Province , China
| | - Hanjiang Cui
- b Department of Neurosurgery , The Second People's Hospital of Jingzhou , Jingzhou , Hubei Province , China
| | - Xian Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University , Jingzhou , Hubei Province , China
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Siigur J, Aaspõllu A, Siigur E. Biochemistry and pharmacology of proteins and peptides purified from the venoms of the snakes Macrovipera lebetina subspecies. Toxicon 2019; 158:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Niland S, Eble JA. Neuropilins in the Context of Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030639. [PMID: 30717262 PMCID: PMC6387129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 form a small family of plasma membrane spanning receptors originally identified by the binding of semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Having no cytosolic protein kinase domain, they function predominantly as co-receptors of other receptors for various ligands. As such, they critically modulate the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. This review highlights the diverse neuropilin ligands and interacting partners on endothelial cells, which are relevant in the context of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, the latter contains cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Based on the prevalent neuropilin-mediated interactions, the suitability of various neuropilin-targeted substances for influencing tumor angiogenesis as a possible building block of a tumor therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Immunotherapeutic potential of Codonopsis clematidea and naringenin against visceral leishmaniasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1048-1061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Rima M, Alavi Naini SM, Karam M, Sadek R, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Vipers of the Middle East: A Rich Source of Bioactive Molecules. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102721. [PMID: 30360399 PMCID: PMC6222703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom serves as a tool of defense against threat and helps in prey digestion. It consists of a mixture of enzymes, such as phospholipase A2, metalloproteases, and l-amino acid oxidase, and toxins, including neurotoxins and cytotoxins. Beside their toxicity, venom components possess many pharmacological effects and have been used to design drugs and as biomarkers of diseases. Viperidae is one family of venomous snakes that is found nearly worldwide. However, three main vipers exist in the Middle Eastern region: Montivipera bornmuelleri, Macrovipera lebetina, and Vipera (Daboia) palaestinae. The venoms of these vipers have been the subject of many studies and are considered as a promising source of bioactive molecules. In this review, we present an overview of these three vipers, with a special focus on their venom composition as well as their biological activities, and we discuss further frameworks for the exploration of each venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rima
- Department of Neuroscience, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Alavi Naini
- Department of Neuroscience, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Marc Karam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Balamand, Kourah3843, Lebanon.
| | - Riyad Sadek
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Laboratory INSERM UMR 1097, Aix-Marseille University, 163, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Avenue de Luminy, Bâtiment TPR2, Case 939, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
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Oliveira ISD, Manzini RV, Ferreira IG, Cardoso IA, Bordon KDCF, Machado ART, Antunes LMG, Rosa JC, Arantes EC. Cell migration inhibition activity of a non-RGD disintegrin from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:28. [PMID: 30377432 PMCID: PMC6195974 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, snake venom disintegrins have received special attention due to their potential use in anticancer therapy. Disintegrins are small and cysteine-rich proteins present in snake venoms and can interact with specific integrins to inhibit their activities in cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. These molecules, known to inhibit platelet aggregation, are also capable of interacting with certain cancer-related integrins, and may interfere in important processes involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, disintegrin from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom was isolated, structurally characterized and evaluated for its toxicity and ability to interfere with cell proliferation and migration in MDA-MB-231, a human breast cancer cell line. METHODS Based on previous studies, disintegrin was isolated by FPLC, through two chromatographic steps, both on reversed phase C-18 columns. The isolated disintegrin was structurally characterized by Tris-Tricine-SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. For the functional assays, MTT and wound-healing assays were performed in order to investigate cytotoxicity and effect on cell migration in vitro, respectively. RESULTS Disintegrin presented a molecular mass of 7287.4 Da and its amino acid sequence shared similarity with the disintegrin domain of P-II metalloproteases. Using functional assays, the disintegrin showed low cytotoxicity (15% and 17%, at 3 and 6 μg/mL, respectively) after 24 h of incubation and in the wound-healing assay, the disintegrin (3 μg/mL) was able to significantly inhibit cell migration (24%, p < 0.05), compared to negative control. CONCLUSION Thus, our results demonstrate that non-RGD disintegrin from C. d. collilineatus induces low cytotoxicity and inhibits migration of human breast cancer cells. Therefore, it may be a very useful molecular tool for understanding ECM-cell interaction cancer-related mechanisms involved in an important integrin family that highlights molecular aspects of tumorigenesis. Also, non-RGD disintegrin has potential to serve as an agent in anticancer therapy or adjuvant component combined with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Rafaella Varzoni Manzini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Isabela Gobbo Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Iara Aimê Cardoso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Protein Chemistry Center and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
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Zhou Y, Hu J. Evodiamine Induces Apoptosis, G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, and Inhibition of Cell Migration and Invasion in Human Osteosarcoma Cells via Raf/MEK/ERK Signalling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5874-5880. [PMID: 30135419 PMCID: PMC6118161 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a prevalent type of bone tumor mainly reported in children and adolescents. The treatments for osteosarcoma are limited and are associated with serious adverse effects. In this study we evaluated the anticancer activity of Evodiamine, a plant-derived natural product, against a panel of osteosarcoma cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Material/Methods The viability of osteosarcoma cell lines was investigated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by DAPI and annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of the proteins was examined by Western blotting. Results The results of the present study indicated that Evodiamine inhibited the proliferation of U2OS osteosarcoma cells with an IC50 of 6 μM. Further investigations indicated the antiproliferative effects of Evodiamine are due to induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. The results of Western blotting revealed that the expression of several apoptosis (Cytochrome c, Bax, Bid, Caspase 3, 9, 8, and PARP) and cell cycle-related proteins (cyclin B1, Cdc25c, and Cdc2) was significantly altered. Evodiamine also suppressed the migration and invasion of U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, Evodiamine downregulated the expression of important regulatory proteins such as p-MEK and p-ERK, leading to the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathways. Conclusions We found that Evodiamine exerts anticancer effects on osteosarcoma cells and has potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelai Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jinlong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Tan KK, Bay BH, Gopalakrishnakone P. L-amino acid oxidase from snake venom and its anticancer potential. Toxicon 2018; 144:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Macrovipecetin, a C-type lectin from Macrovipera lebetina venom, inhibits proliferation migration and invasion of SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells and enhances their sensitivity to cisplatin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:600-614. [PMID: 29196192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance of melanoma cells to cisplatin restricts its clinical use. Therefore, the search for novel tumor inhibitors and effective combination treatments that sensitize tumor cells to this drug are still needed. We purified macrovipecetin, a novel heterodimeric C-type lectin, from Macrovipera lebetina snake venom and investigated its anti-tumoral effect on its own or combined with cisplatin, in human melanoma cells. METHODS Biochemical characterization, in vitro cells assays such as viability, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, invasion, Western blotting and in silico analysis were used in this study. RESULTS Macrovipecetin decreased melanoma cell viability 100 times more than cisplatin. Interestingly, when combined with the drug, macrovipecetin enhanced the sensitivity of SK-MEL-28 cells by augmenting their apoptosis through increased expression of the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and activation of ERK1/2, p38, AKT and NF-κB. Moreover, macrovipecetin alone or combined with cisplatin induced the expression of TRADD, p53, Bax, Bim and Bad and down-regulated the Bcl-2 expression and ROS levels in SK-MEL-28 cells. Interestingly, these treatments impaired SK-MEL-28 cell adhesion, migration and invasion through modulating the function and expression of αvβ3 integrin along with regulating E-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin, c-Src and RhoA expression. In silico study suggested that only the α chain of macrovipecetin interacts with a region overlapping the RGD motif binding site on this integrin. CONCLUSIONS We validated the antitumor effect of macrovipecetin when combined, or not, with cisplatin on SK-MEL-28 cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The presented work proposes the potential use of macrovipecetin and cisplatin in combination as an effective anti-melanoma treatment.
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Zhao W, Shi F, Guo Z, Zhao J, Song X, Yang H. Metabolite of ellagitannins, urolithin A induces autophagy and inhibits metastasis in human sw620 colorectal cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:193-200. [PMID: 28976622 PMCID: PMC5814919 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in which cytoplasmic contents are degraded and recycled. This study found that submicromolar concentrations of urolithin A, a major polyphenol metabolite, induced autophagy in SW620 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Exposure to urolithin A also dose‐dependently decreased cell proliferation, delayed cell migration, and decreased matrix metalloproteinas‐9 (MMP‐9) activity. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by Atg5‐siRNA, caspases by Z‐VAD‐FMK suppressed urolithin A‐stimulated cell death and anti‐metastatic effects. Micromolar urolithin A concentrations induced both autophagy and apoptosis. Urolithin A suppressed cell cycle progression and inhibited DNA synthesis. These results suggest that dietary consumption of urolithin A could induce autophagy and inhibit human CRC cell metastasis. Urolithins may thus contribute to CRC treatment and offer an alternative or adjunct chemotherapeutic agent to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqiang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ma R, Mahadevappa R, Kwok HF. Venom-based peptide therapy: insights into anti-cancer mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100908-100930. [PMID: 29246030 PMCID: PMC5725072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year relative survival rate of all types of cancer has increased significantly over the past three decades partly due to the targeted therapy. However, still there are many targeted therapy drugs could play a role only in a portion of cancer patients with specific molecular alternation. It is necessary to continue to develop new biological agents which could be used alone and/or in combination with current FDA approved drugs to treat complex cancer diseases. Venom-based drugs have been used for hundreds of years in human history. Nevertheless, the venom-origin of the anti-cancer drug do rarely appear in the pharmaceutical market; and this is due to the fact that the mechanism of action for a large number of the venom drug such as venom-based peptide is not clearly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing some identified venom-based peptides and their anti-cancer mechanisms including the blockade of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis (hallmarks of cancer) to fulfill the gap which is hindering their use in cancer therapy. Furthermore, it also highlights the importance of immunotherapy based on venom peptide. Overall, this review provides readers for further understanding the mechanism of venom peptide and elaborates on the need to explore peptide-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Ravikiran Mahadevappa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
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Bay DH, Busch A, Lisdat F, Iida K, Ikebukuro K, Nagasawa K, Karube I, Yoshida W. Identification of G-quadruplex structures that possess transcriptional regulating functions in the Dele and Cdc6 CpG islands. BMC Mol Biol 2017; 18:17. [PMID: 28655335 PMCID: PMC5488298 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-017-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background G-quadruplex is a DNA secondary structure that has been shown to play an important role in biological systems. In a previous study, we identified 1998 G-quadruplex-forming sequences using a mouse CpG islands DNA microarray with a fluorescent-labeled G-quadruplex ligand. Among these putative G-quadruplex-forming sequences, G-quadruplex formation was verified for 10 randomly selected sequences by CD spectroscopy and DMS footprinting analysis. In this study, the biological function of the 10 G-quadruplex-forming sequences in the transcriptional regulation has been analyzed using a reporter assay. Results When G-quadruplex-forming sequences from the Dele and Cdc6 genes have been cloned in reporter vectors carrying a minimal promoter and the luciferase gene, luciferase expression is activated. This has also been detected in experiments applying a promoterless reporter vector. Mutational analysis reveals that guanine bases, which form the G-tetrads, are important in the activation. In addition, the activation has been found to decrease by the telomestatin derivative L1H1-7OTD which can bind to the G-quadruplex DNA. When Dele and Cdc6 CpG islands, containing the G-quadruplex-forming sequence, have been cloned in the promoterless reporter vector, the luciferase expression is activated. Mutational analysis reveals that the expression level is decreased by mutation on Dele G-quadruplex; however, increased by mutation on Cdc6 G-quadruplex. Conclusion Dele and Cdc6 G-quadruplex formation is significant in the transcriptional regulation. Dele and Cdc6 G-quadruplex DNA alone possess enhancer and promotor function. When studied in more complex CpG islands Dele G-quadruplex also demonstrates promotor activity, whereas Cdc6 G-quadruplex may possess a dual function of transcriptional regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-017-0094-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyah H Bay
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.,Biology Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Annika Busch
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.,Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, c/o Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Karube
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
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Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops erythromelas Snake Venoms Promote Cell Cycle Arrest and Induce Apoptosis via the Mitochondrial Depolarization of Cervical Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1574971. [PMID: 28050190 PMCID: PMC5168552 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1574971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bothrops jararaca (BJ) and Bothrops erythromelas (BE) are viper snakes found in South-Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil, respectively. Snake venoms are bioactive neurotoxic substances synthesized and stored by venom glands, with different physiological and pharmacological effects, recently suggesting a possible preference for targets in cancer cells; however, mechanisms of snakes have been little studied. Here, we investigated the mechanism responsible for snake crude venoms toxicity in cultured cervical cancer cells SiHa and HeLa. We show that BJ and BE snake crude venoms exert cytotoxic effects to these cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle analysis and cell proliferation were assessed by flow cytometry and MTT assay. Detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (Rhodamine-123), nuclei morphological change, and DNA fragmentation were examined by staining with DAPI. The results showed that both the BJ and BE venoms were capable of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, promoting cytotoxicity and death by apoptosis of target SiHa and HeLa cells when treated with BJ and BE venoms. Furthermore, data revealed that both BJ venoms in SiHa cell promoted nuclear condensation, fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies by DAPI assay, mitochondrial damage by Rhodamine-123, and cell cycle block in the G1-G0 phase. BJ and BE venoms present anticancer potential, suggesting that both Bothrops venoms could be used as prototypes for the development of new therapies.
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Aloui Z, Messaoud C, Haoues M, Neffati N, Bassoumi Jamoussi I, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Boussaid M, Guizani I, Karoui H. Asteraceae Artemisia campestris and Artemisia herba-alba Essential Oils Trigger Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Leishmania infantum Promastigotes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:9147096. [PMID: 27807464 PMCID: PMC5078739 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9147096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the chemical composition and anti-Leishmania and antioxidant activity of Artemisia campestris L. and Artemisia herba-alba Asso. essential oils (EOs). Our results showed that these extracts exhibit different antioxidant activities according to the used assay. The radical scavenging effects determined by DPPH assay were of IC50 = 3.3 mg/mL and IC50 = 9.1 mg/mL for Artemisia campestris and Artemisia herba-alba essential oils, respectively. However, antioxidant effects of both essential oils, determined by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, were in the same range (2.3 and 2.97 mg eq EDTA/g EO, resp.), while the Artemisia herba-alba essential oil showed highest chelating activity of Fe2+ ions (27.48 mM Fe2+). Interestingly, we showed that both EOs possess dose-dependent activity against Leishmania infantum promastigotes with IC50 values of 68 μg/mL and 44 μg/mL for A. herba-alba and A. campestris, respectively. We reported, for the first time, that antileishmanial activity of both EOs was mediated by cell apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest at the sub-G0/G1 phase. All our results showed that EOs from A. herba-alba and A. campestris plants are promising candidates as anti-Leishmania medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Aloui
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses LR11IPT04, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Messaoud
- Unité Ressources Phytogénétiques et Biotechnologie Végétale, INSAT, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections LR11IPT02, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Noura Neffati
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses LR11IPT04, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Bassoumi Jamoussi
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses LR11IPT04, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses LR11IPT04, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Boussaid
- Unité Ressources Phytogénétiques et Biotechnologie Végétale, INSAT, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses LR11IPT04, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Habib Karoui
- Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée aux Maladies Infectieuses LR11IPT04, Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
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Chaisakul J, Hodgson WC, Kuruppu S, Prasongsook N. Effects of Animal Venoms and Toxins on Hallmarks of Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1571-8. [PMID: 27471574 PMCID: PMC4964142 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are a cocktail of proteins and peptides, targeting vital physiological processes. Venoms have evolved to assist in the capture and digestion of prey. Key venom components often include neurotoxins, myotoxins, cardiotoxins, hematoxins and catalytic enzymes. The pharmacological activities of venom components have been investigated as a source of potential therapeutic agents. Interestingly, a number of animal toxins display profound anticancer effects. These include toxins purified from snake, bee and scorpion venoms effecting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptotic activity and neovascularization. Indeed, the mechanism behind the anticancer effect of certain toxins is similar to that of agents currently used in chemotherapy. For example, Lebein is a snake venom disintegrin which generates anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this review article, we highlight the biological activities of animal toxins on the multiple steps of tumour formation or hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss recent progress in the discovery of lead compounds for anticancer drug development from venom components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeyuth Chaisakul
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wayne C Hodgson
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.; 3. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naiyarat Prasongsook
- 4. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Lebein, a Snake Venom Disintegrin, Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070206. [PMID: 27399772 PMCID: PMC4963839 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most threatening form of skin cancer, has a very poor prognosis and is characterized by its very invasive and chemoresistant properties. Despite the recent promising news from the field of immunotherapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches that are free of resistance mechanisms and side effects. Anti-neoplasic properties have been highlighted for different disintegrins from snake venom including Lebein; however, the exact effect of Lebein on melanoma has not yet been defined. In this study, we showed that Lebein blocks melanoma cell proliferation and induces a more differentiated phenotype with inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) overexpression. Melanoma cells became detached but were less invasive with upregulation of E-cadherin after Lebein exposure. Lebein induced a caspase-independent apoptotic program with apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Bim overexpression together with downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). It generated a distinct response in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p53 levels depending on the p53 cell line status (wild type or mutant). Therefore, we propose Lebein as a new candidate for development of potential therapies for melanoma.
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