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Rai D, Song Y, Hua S, Stecker K, Monster JL, Yin V, Stucchi R, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Chen F, Katrukha EA, Altelaar M, Heck AJR, Wieczorek M, Jiang K, Akhmanova A. CAMSAPs and nucleation-promoting factors control microtubule release from γ-TuRC. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:404-420. [PMID: 38424271 PMCID: PMC10940162 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
γ-Tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is the major microtubule-nucleating factor. After nucleation, microtubules can be released from γ-TuRC and stabilized by other proteins, such as CAMSAPs, but the biochemical cross-talk between minus-end regulation pathways is poorly understood. Here we reconstituted this process in vitro using purified components. We found that all CAMSAPs could bind to the minus ends of γ-TuRC-attached microtubules. CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3, which decorate and stabilize growing minus ends but not the minus-end tracking protein CAMSAP1, induced microtubule release from γ-TuRC. CDK5RAP2, a γ-TuRC-interactor, and CLASP2, a regulator of microtubule growth, strongly stimulated γ-TuRC-dependent microtubule nucleation, but only CDK5RAP2 suppressed CAMSAP binding to γ-TuRC-anchored minus ends and their release. CDK5RAP2 also improved selectivity of γ-tubulin-containing complexes for 13- rather than 14-protofilament microtubules in microtubule-capping assays. Knockout and overexpression experiments in cells showed that CDK5RAP2 inhibits the formation of CAMSAP2-bound microtubules detached from the microtubule-organizing centre. We conclude that CAMSAPs can release newly nucleated microtubules from γ-TuRC, whereas nucleation-promoting factors can differentially regulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Rai
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yinlong Song
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shasha Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kelly Stecker
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jooske L Monster
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Yin
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Stucchi
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangrui Chen
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Wieczorek
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Cinar MU, Arslan K, Sohel MMH, Bayram D, Piel LMW, White SN, Daldaban F, Aksel EG, Akyüz B. Genome-wide association study of early liveweight traits in fat-tailed Akkaraman lambs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291805. [PMID: 37988399 PMCID: PMC10662757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ruminants, especially sheep, are essential for sustainable agricultural production systems, future food/nutrition security, and poverty reduction in developing countries. Within developed countries, the ability of sheep to survive on low-quality forage intake could act as buffer against climate change. Besides sheep's importance in sustainable agricultural production, there has been less ongoing work in terms of sheep genetics in Near East, Middle East and in Africa. For lamb meat production, body weight and average daily gain (ADG) until weaning are critical economic traits that affects the profitability of the industry. The current study aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with pre-weaning growth traits in fat tail Akkaraman lambs using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 196 Akkaraman lambs were selected for analysis. After quality control, a total of 31,936 SNPs and 146 lambs were used for subsequent analyses. PLINK 1.9 beta software was used for the analyses. Based on Bonferroni-adjusted p-values, one SNP (rs427117280) on chromosome 2 (OAR2) had significant associations with weaning weight at day 90 and ADG from day 0 to day 90, which jointly explains a 0.8% and 0.9% of total genetic variation respectively. The Ovis aries natriuretic peptide C (NPPC) could be considered as a candidate gene for the defined significant associations. The results of the current study will help to increase understanding of the variation in weaning weight and ADG until weaning of Akkaraman lambs and help enhance selection for lambs with improved weaning weight and ADG. However, further investigations are required for the identification of causal variants within the identified genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Korhan Arslan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Davut Bayram
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Lindsay M. W. Piel
- USDA-ARS Animal Disease Res. 3003 ADBF, WSU Pullman, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen N. White
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fadime Daldaban
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Esma Gamze Aksel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkiye
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3
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Farcy S, Hachour H, Bahi-Buisson N, Passemard S. Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size. Cells 2023; 12:1807. [PMID: 37443841 PMCID: PMC10340463 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farcy
- UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
- Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassina Hachour
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU MICADO, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
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4
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Association of Meier-Gorlin and microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II clinical features in an individual with CDK5RAP2 primary microcephaly. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104733. [PMID: 36842471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 3 (MCPH3) caused by pathogenic variations in CDK5RAP2, is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, abnormality of skin pigmentation, ocular defects and severe microcephaly associated with neurodevelopmental delay. In this study, we expand the phenotype of MCPH3 as we describe a 10-year-old girl with a biallelic exonic frameshift variant in CDK5RAP2 displaying previously unreported features usually associated with Meier-Gorlin and microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII). We further describe the clinical phenotype of this form of centrosomal-based primary microcephaly and emphasize the importance of skeletal defect screening in affected individuals.
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Asif M, Abdullah U, Nürnberg P, Tinschert S, Hussain MS. Congenital Microcephaly: A Debate on Diagnostic Challenges and Etiological Paradigm of the Shift from Isolated/Non-Syndromic to Syndromic Microcephaly. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040642. [PMID: 36831309 PMCID: PMC9954724 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital microcephaly (CM) exhibits broad clinical and genetic heterogeneity and is thus categorized into several subtypes. However, the recent bloom of disease-gene discoveries has revealed more overlaps than differences in the underlying genetic architecture for these clinical sub-categories, complicating the differential diagnosis. Moreover, the mechanism of the paradigm shift from a brain-restricted to a multi-organ phenotype is only vaguely understood. This review article highlights the critical factors considered while defining CM subtypes. It also presents possible arguments on long-standing questions of the brain-specific nature of CM caused by a dysfunction of the ubiquitously expressed proteins. We argue that brain-specific splicing events and organ-restricted protein expression may contribute in part to disparate clinical manifestations. We also highlight the role of genetic modifiers and de novo variants in the multi-organ phenotype of CM and emphasize their consideration in molecular characterization. This review thus attempts to expand our understanding of the phenotypic and etiological variability in CM and invites the development of more comprehensive guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Zentrum Medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Cuccurullo C, Miele G, Piccolo G, Bilo L, Accogli A, D'Amico A, Fratta M, Guerrisi S, Iacomino M, Salpietro V, Ugga L, Striano P, Coppola A. Hydranencephaly in CENPJ-related Seckel syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Radiotherapy Side Effects: Comprehensive Proteomic Study Unraveled Neural Stem Cell Degenerative Differentiation upon Ionizing Radiation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121759. [PMID: 36551187 PMCID: PMC9775306 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial radiation therapy is one of the most effective treatments for childhood brain cancers. Despite the ameliorated survival rate of juvenile patients, radiation exposure-induced brain neurogenic region injury could markedly impair patients' cognitive functions and even their quality of life. Determining the mechanism underlying neural stem cells (NSCs) response to irradiation stress is a crucial therapeutic strategy for cognitive impairment. The present study demonstrated that X-ray irradiation arrested NSCs' cell cycle and impacted cell differentiation. To further characterize irradiation-induced molecular alterations in NSCs, two-dimensional high-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics analyses were conducted to explore the mechanism underlying ionizing radiation's influence on stem cell differentiation. We observed that ionizing radiation suppressed intracellular protein transport, neuron projection development, etc., particularly in differentiated cells. Redox proteomics was performed for the quantification of cysteine thiol modifications in order to profile the oxidation-reduction status of proteins in stem cells that underwent ionizing radiation treatment. Via conjoint screening of protein expression abundance and redox status datasets, several significantly expressed and oxidized proteins were identified in differentiating NSCs subjected to X-ray irradiation. Among these proteins, succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial (sdha) and the acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial (Ndufab1) were highly related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, illustrating the dual-character of NSCs in cell differentiation: following exposure to ionizing radiation, the normal differentiation of NSCs was compromised, and the upregulated oxidized proteins implied a degenerative differentiation trajectory. These findings could be integrated into research on neurodegenerative diseases and future preventive strategies.
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8
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Tátrai P, Gergely F. Centrosome function is critical during terminal erythroid differentiation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108739. [PMID: 35678476 PMCID: PMC9289712 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells are produced by terminal erythroid differentiation, which involves the dramatic morphological transformation of erythroblasts into enucleated reticulocytes. Microtubules are important for enucleation, but it is not known if the centrosome, a key microtubule-organizing center, is required as well. Mice lacking the conserved centrosome component, CDK5RAP2, are likely to have defective erythroid differentiation because they develop macrocytic anemia. Here, we show that fetal liver-derived, CDK5RAP2-deficient erythroid progenitors generate fewer and larger reticulocytes, hence recapitulating features of macrocytic anemia. In erythroblasts, but not in embryonic fibroblasts, loss of CDK5RAP2 or pharmacological depletion of centrosomes leads to highly aberrant spindle morphologies. Consistent with such cells exiting mitosis without chromosome segregation, tetraploidy is frequent in late-stage erythroblasts, thereby giving rise to fewer but larger reticulocytes than normal. Our results define a critical role for CDK5RAP2 and centrosomes in spindle formation specifically during blood production. We propose that disruption of centrosome and spindle function could contribute to the emergence of macrocytic anemias, for instance, due to nutritional deficiency or exposure to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Tátrai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Solvo BiotechnologyBudapestHungary
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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9
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Cardiovascular anomalies in Seckel syndrome: report of two patients and review of the literature. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:487-490. [PMID: 34387179 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121003097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder also known as bird headed dwarfism". It is characterised by proportional short stature, low birth weight, dysmorphic facial appearance, and mental retardation. In addition to its dysmorphic features, skeletal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, haematologic, genitourinary, and nervous system has been involved. Cardiovascular features very rarely associate with Seckel syndrome. We report two patients with Seckel syndrome, one with dilated cardiomyopathy and the other with multiple ventricular septal defects. Dilated cardiomyopathy and isolated ventricular septal defect have not been previously reported in Seckel syndrome. Cardiovascular evaluation should be performed in all patients with Seckel syndrome. Early diagnosis of congenital and acquired heart diseases will reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients.
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10
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Tingler M, Philipp M, Burkhalter MD. DNA Replication proteins in primary microcephaly syndromes. Biol Cell 2022; 114:143-159. [PMID: 35182397 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Improper expansion of neural stem and progenitor cells during brain development manifests in primary microcephaly. It is characterized by a reduced head circumference, which correlates with a reduction in brain size. This often corresponds to a general underdevelopment of the brain and entails cognitive, behavioral and motoric retardation. In the past decade significant research efforts have been undertaken to identify genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly. One such gene set encompasses factors required for DNA replication. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that a substantial number of these genes mediate faithful centrosome and cilium function in addition to their canonical function in genome duplication. Here, we summarize, which DNA replication factors are associated with microcephaly syndromes and to which extent they impact on centrosomes and cilia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tingler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
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11
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Gönenc II, Wolff A, Schmidt J, Zibat A, Müller C, Cyganek L, Argyriou L, Räschle M, Yigit G, Wollnik B. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2185-2193. [PMID: 35099000 PMCID: PMC9262399 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloom syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive disease clinically characterized by primary microcephaly, growth deficiency, immunodeficiency and predisposition to cancer. It is mainly caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the BLM gene, which encodes the BLM helicase, acting in DNA replication and repair processes. Here, we describe the gene expression profiles of three BS fibroblast cell lines harboring causative, biallelic truncating mutations obtained by single-cell (sc) transcriptome analysis. We compared the scRNA transcription profiles from three BS patient cell lines to two age-matched wild-type controls and observed specific deregulation of gene sets related to the molecular processes characteristically affected in BS, such as mitosis, chromosome segregation, cell cycle regulation and genomic instability. We also found specific upregulation of genes of the Fanconi anemia pathway, in particular FANCM, FANCD2 and FANCI, which encode known interaction partners of BLM. The significant deregulation of genes associated with inherited forms of primary microcephaly observed in our study might explain in part the molecular pathogenesis of microcephaly in BS, one of the main clinical characteristics in patients. Finally, our data provide first evidence of a novel link between BLM dysfunction and transcriptional changes in condensin complex I and II genes. Overall, our study provides novel insights into gene expression profiles in BS on an sc level, linking specific genes and pathways to BLM dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arne Zibat
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loukas Argyriou
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Räschle
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. Tel: +49 5513960606; Fax: +49 5513969303;
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12
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Wang X, Sipila P, Si Z, Rosales JL, Gao X, Lee KY. CDK5RAP2 loss-of-function causes premature cell senescence via the GSK3β/β-catenin-WIP1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 34930892 PMCID: PMC8688469 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Developmental disorders characterized by small body size have been linked to CDK5RAP2 loss-of-function mutations, but the mechanisms underlying which remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that knocking down CDK5RAP2 in human fibroblasts triggers premature cell senescence that is recapitulated in Cdk5rap2an/an mouse embryonic fibroblasts and embryos, which exhibit reduced body weight and size, and increased senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal staining compared to Cdk5rap2+/+ and Cdk5rap2+/an embryos. Interestingly, CDK5RAP2-knockdown human fibroblasts show increased p53 Ser15 phosphorylation that does not correlate with activation of p53 kinases, but rather correlates with decreased level of the p53 phosphatase, WIP1. Ectopic WIP1 expression reverses the senescent phenotype in CDK5RAP2-knockdown cells, indicating that senescence in these cells is linked to WIP1 downregulation. CDK5RAP2 interacts with GSK3β, causing increased inhibitory GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation and inhibiting the activity of GSK3β, which phosphorylates β-catenin, tagging β-catenin for degradation. Thus, loss of CDK5RAP2 decreases GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation and increases GSK3β activity, reducing nuclear β-catenin, which affects the expression of NF-κB target genes such as WIP1. Consequently, loss of CDK5RAP2 or β-catenin causes WIP1 downregulation. Inhibition of GSK3β activity restores β-catenin and WIP1 levels in CDK5RAP2-knockdown cells, reducing p53 Ser15 phosphorylation and preventing senescence in these cells. Conversely, inhibition of WIP1 activity increases p53 Ser15 phosphorylation and senescence in CDK5RAP2-depleted cells lacking GSK3β activity. These findings indicate that loss of CDK5RAP2 promotes premature cell senescence through GSK3β/β-catenin downregulation of WIP1. Premature cell senescence may contribute to reduced body size associated with CDK5RAP2 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidi Wang
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada ,grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Patrick Sipila
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Zizhen Si
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jesusa L. Rosales
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Xu Gao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institutes, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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13
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Khojah O, Alamoudi S, Aldawsari N, Babgi M, Lary A. Central nervous system vasculopathy and Seckel syndrome: case illustration and systematic review. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3847-3860. [PMID: 34345934 PMCID: PMC8604825 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review reported cases of Seckel syndrome (SS) and point out cases associated with central nervous system (CNS) vasculopathy and provide a summary of their clinical presentation, management, and outcomes including our illustrative case. METHODS We conducted a search on the MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases using the keywords "Seckel + syndrome." We identified 127 related articles reporting 252 cases of SS apart from our case. Moreover, we searched for SS cases with CNS vasculopathies from the same databases. We identified 7 related articles reporting 7 cases of CNS vasculopathies in SS patients. RESULTS The overall rate of CNS vasculopathy in SS patients is 3.16% (n = 8/253), where moyamoya disease (MMD) accounted for 1.97%. The mean age is 13.5 years (6-19 years), with equal gender distribution (M:F, 1:1). The most common presenting symptoms were headache and seizure followed by weakness or coma. Aneurysms were mostly located in the basilar artery, middle cerebral artery, and internal carotid artery, respectively. Regardless of the management approach, 50% of the cases sustained mild-moderate neurological deficit, 37.5% have died, and 12.5% sustained no deficit. CONCLUSION A high index of suspicion should be maintained in (SS) patients, and MMD should be part of the differential diagnosis. Prevalence of CNS vasculopathy in SS is 3.16% with a much higher prevalence of MMD compared to the general population. Screening for cerebral vasculopathy in SS is justifiable especially in centers that have good resources. Further data are still needed to identify the most appropriate management plan in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Khojah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed Alamoudi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Aldawsari
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Babgi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Lary
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Abstract
In this review, Phan et al. discuss the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development, and review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Last, they also extend their discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for centrosomes in cortical development. Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers that participate in several processes, including controlling polarity, catalyzing spindle assembly in mitosis, and building primary cilia. Understanding which of these processes are altered and how these disruptions contribute to microcephaly pathogenesis is a central unresolved question. In this review, we revisit the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development. We review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Finally, we also extend our discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair.
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15
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Pillai MR, Pallamparthy S, Gnanavelu S. Secondary Childhood glaucoma - a rare association in Seckel syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 33:11206721211060949. [PMID: 34812091 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A case of 12-year-old male with Seckel syndrome, presented with unilateral glaucoma leading to advanced disc damage hence, visual deterioration. Seckel syndrome being a rare inherited disorder characterized by growth delay and unique facial features, had been infrequently reported for ophthalmic anifestation especially glaucoma. Though glaucoma is a rare association in Seckel syndrome, screening at an early stage could help in preventing vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju R Pillai
- Department of glaucoma services, 29954Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srilekha Pallamparthy
- Department of glaucoma services, 29954Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subathra Gnanavelu
- Department of glaucoma services, 29954Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Ben Ayed I, Bouchaala W, Bouzid A, Feki W, Souissi A, Ben Nsir S, Ben Said M, Sammouda T, Majdoub F, Kharrat I, Kamoun F, Elloumi I, Kamoun H, Tlili A, Masmoudi S, Triki C. Further insights into the spectrum phenotype of TRAPPC9 and CDK5RAP2 genes, segregating independently in a large Tunisian family with intellectual disability and microcephaly. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104373. [PMID: 34737153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) often co-occurs with other neurologic phenotypes making molecular diagnosis more challenging particularly in consanguineous populations with the co-segregation of more than one ID-related gene in some cases. In this study, we investigated the phenotype of three patients from a large Tunisian family with significant ID phenotypic variability and microcephaly and performed a clinical exome sequencing in two cases. We identified, within the first branch, a homozygous variant in the TRAPPC9 gene (p.Arg472Ter) in two cases presenting severe ID, absent speech, congenital/secondary microcephaly in addition to autistic features, supporting the implication of TRAPPC9 in the "secondary" autism spectrum disorders and congenital microcephaly. In the second branch, we identified a homozygous variant (p.Lys189ArgfsTer15) in the CDK5RAP2 gene associated with an heterozygous TRAPPC9 variant (p.Arg472Ter) in one case harbouring primary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) associated with an inter-hypothalamic adhesion, mixed hearing loss, selective thinning in the retinal nerve fiber layer and parafoveal ganglion cell complex, and short stature. Our findings expand the spectrum of the recently reported neurosensorial abnormalities and revealed the variable phenotype expressivity of CDK5RAP2 defect. Our study highlights the complexity of the genetic background of microcephaly/ID and the efficiency of the exome sequencing to provide an accurate diagnosis and to improve the management and follow-up of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Wafa Bouchaala
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia; Research Laboratory "Neuropédiatrie" LR19ES15, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wiem Feki
- Radiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Souissi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Ben Nsir
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia; Research Laboratory "Neuropédiatrie" LR19ES15, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Said
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Takwa Sammouda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Majdoub
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Kharrat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Habib Bourguiba Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kamoun
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia; Research Laboratory "Neuropédiatrie" LR19ES15, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Ines Elloumi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Kamoun
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, LR33ES99, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Human Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saber Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chahnez Triki
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Tunisia; Research Laboratory "Neuropédiatrie" LR19ES15, Sfax University, Tunisia
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17
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Khuller K, Yigit G, Martínez Grijalva C, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Elcioglu NH, Yeter B, Hehr U, Stein A, Della Marina A, Köninger A, Depienne C, Kaiser FJ, Wollnik B, Kuechler A. MFSD2A-associated primary microcephaly - Expanding the clinical and mutational spectrum of this ultra-rare disease. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104310. [PMID: 34400370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MFSD2A, a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), is a transmembrane transporter responsible for the uptake of specific essential fatty acids through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to the brain. The transporter is crucial for early embryonic brain development and a major factor in the formation and maintenance of the BBB. Mfsd2a-knockout mice show a leakage of the BBB in early embryonic stages and develop a phenotype characterized by microcephaly, cognitive impairment, and anxiety. So far, homozygous or compound heterozygous MFSD2A mutations in humans have only been reported in 13 different families with a total of 28 affected individuals. The phenotypical spectrum of patients with MFSD2A variants is rather broad but all patients present with microcephaly and severe intellectual disability, absent or limited speech, and walking difficulties. Severely affected patients develop seizures and show brain malformations and have, above all, a profound developmental delay hardly reaching any developmental motor milestones. Here, we report on two unrelated individuals with novel homozygous variants in the MFSD2A gene, presenting with severe primary microcephaly, brain malformations, profound developmental delay, and epilepsy, including hypsarrhythmia. Our findings extend the mutational spectrum of the bi-allelic MFSD2A variants causing autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 15 and broaden the phenotypic spectrum associated with these pathogenic variants emphasizing the role of MFSD2A in early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nursel H Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey; Eastern Mediterranean University School of Medicine, Cyprus, Mersin, 10, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Yeter
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ute Hehr
- Center for Human Genetics, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anja Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, Germany.
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Essen, Germany, University Hospital Essen, Germany.
| | - Angela Köninger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Frank J Kaiser
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, Germany.
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18
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Qi F, Zhou J. Multifaceted roles of centrosomes in development, health, and disease. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:611-621. [PMID: 34264337 PMCID: PMC8648388 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is a membrane-less organelle consisting of a pair of barrel-shaped centrioles and pericentriolar material and functions as the major microtubule-organizing center and signaling hub in animal cells. The past decades have witnessed the functional complexity and importance of centrosomes in various cellular processes such as cell shaping, division, and migration. In addition, centrosome abnormalities are linked to a wide range of human diseases and pathological states, such as cancer, reproductive disorder, brain disease, and ciliopathies. Herein, we discuss various functions of centrosomes in development and health, with an emphasis on their roles in germ cells, stem cells, and immune responses. We also discuss how centrosome dysfunctions are involved in diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating centrosome functions may lead the way to potential therapeutic targeting of this organelle in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence to: Feifei Qi, E-mail: ; Jun Zhou, E-mail:
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence to: Feifei Qi, E-mail: ; Jun Zhou, E-mail:
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19
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Makhdoom EUH, Waseem SS, Iqbal M, Abdullah U, Hussain G, Asif M, Budde B, Höhne W, Tinschert S, Saadi SM, Yousaf H, Ali Z, Fatima A, Kaygusuz E, Khan A, Jameel M, Khan S, Tariq M, Anjum I, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Höning S, Baig SM, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS. Modifier Genes in Microcephaly: A Report on WDR62, CEP63, RAD50 and PCNT Variants Exacerbating Disease Caused by Biallelic Mutations of ASPM and CENPJ. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:731. [PMID: 34068194 PMCID: PMC8153008 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital microcephaly is the clinical presentation of significantly reduced head circumference at birth. It manifests as both non-syndromic-microcephaly primary hereditary (MCPH)-and syndromic forms and shows considerable inter- and intrafamilial variability. It has been hypothesized that additional genetic variants may be responsible for this variability, but data are sparse. We have conducted deep phenotyping and genotyping of five Pakistani multiplex families with either MCPH (n = 3) or Seckel syndrome (n = 2). In addition to homozygous causal variants in ASPM or CENPJ, we discovered additional heterozygous modifier variants in WDR62, CEP63, RAD50 and PCNT-genes already known to be associated with neurological disorders. MCPH patients carrying an additional heterozygous modifier variant showed more severe phenotypic features. Likewise, the phenotype of Seckel syndrome caused by a novel CENPJ variant was aggravated to microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) in conjunction with an additional PCNT variant. We show that the CENPJ missense variant impairs splicing and decreases protein expression. We also observed centrosome amplification errors in patient cells, which were twofold higher in MOPDII as compared to Seckel cells. Taken together, these observations advocate for consideration of additional variants in related genes for their role in modifying the expressivity of the phenotype and need to be considered in genetic counseling and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtisham Ul Haq Makhdoom
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Syeda Seema Waseem
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Maria Iqbal
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Wolfgang Höhne
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Zentrum Medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Saadia Maryam Saadi
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Hammad Yousaf
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Zafar Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 19130, Pakistan;
| | - Ambrin Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan;
| | - Emrah Kaygusuz
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gülümbe Campus, Bilecik 11230, Turkey;
| | - Ayaz Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Jameel
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Iram Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
| | - Stefan Höning
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (H.Y.); (A.K.); (M.J.); (S.K.); (M.T.); (S.M.B.)
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan;
- Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF), 1- Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (E.U.H.M.); (S.S.W.); (M.I.); (M.A.); (B.B.); (W.H.); (J.A.); (H.T.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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20
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Abnormal Head Size in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Nervous System Disorders or Neurological Syndromes with One or More Neurodysfunction Visible since Infancy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113739. [PMID: 33233862 PMCID: PMC7699836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate co-occurrence of absolute/relative microcephaly, absolute/relative macrocephaly and congenital nervous system disorders or neurological syndromes with symptoms visible since infancy, based on fundamental data acquired during the admission procedure at a neurological rehabilitation ward for children and adolescents. The study applied a retrospective analysis of data collected during the hospitalization of 327 children and adolescents, aged 4-18 years, affected since infancy by congenital disorders of the nervous system and/or neurological syndromes associated with a minimum of one neurodysfunction. To identify subjects with absolute/relative microcephaly, absolute/relative macrocephaly in the group of children and adolescents, the adopted criteria took into account z-score values for head circumference (z-score hc) and head circumference index (z-score HCI). Dysmorphological (x+/-3s) and traditional (x+/-2s) criteria were adopted to diagnose developmental disorders of head size. Regardless of the adopted criteria, absolute macrocephaly often coexists with state after surgery of lumbar myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus, isolated hydrocephalus, hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy, and Becker's muscular dystrophy (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). Absolute macrocephaly is often associated with neural tube defects and neuromuscular disorders (p = 0.001, p = 0.001). Relative microcephaly often occurs with non-progressive encephalopathy (p = 0.017, p = 0.029). Absolute microcephaly, diagnosed on the basis of traditional criteria, is often associated with epilepsy (p = 0.043). In children and adolescents with congenital nervous system disorders or neurological syndromes with one or more neurodysfunction visible since infancy, there is variation in abnormal head size (statistically significant relationships and clinical implications were established). The definitions used allowed for the differentiation of abnormal head size.
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21
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Jean F, Stuart A, Tarailo-Graovac M. Dissecting the Genetic and Etiological Causes of Primary Microcephaly. Front Neurol 2020; 11:570830. [PMID: 33178111 PMCID: PMC7593518 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.570830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH; “small head syndrome”) is a rare, heterogeneous disease arising from the decreased production of neurons during brain development. As of August 2020, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database lists 25 genes (involved in molecular processes such as centriole biogenesis, microtubule dynamics, spindle positioning, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, Wnt signaling, and cell cycle checkpoints) that are implicated in causing MCPH. Many of these 25 genes were only discovered in the last 10 years following advances in exome and genome sequencing that have improved our ability to identify disease-causing variants. Despite these advances, many patients still lack a genetic diagnosis. This demonstrates a need to understand in greater detail the molecular mechanisms and genetics underlying MCPH. Here, we briefly review the molecular functions of each MCPH gene and how their loss disrupts the neurogenesis program, ultimately demonstrating that microcephaly arises from cell cycle dysregulation. We also explore the current issues in the genetic basis and clinical presentation of MCPH as additional avenues of improving gene/variant prioritization. Ultimately, we illustrate that the detailed exploration of the etiology and inheritance of MCPH improves the predictive power in identifying previously unknown MCPH candidates and diagnosing microcephalic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Jean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Stuart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Schnabel F, Kornak U, Wollnik B. Premature aging disorders: A clinical and genetic compendium. Clin Genet 2020; 99:3-28. [PMID: 32860237 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Progeroid disorders make up a heterogeneous group of very rare hereditary diseases characterized by clinical signs that often mimic physiological aging in a premature manner. Apart from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, one of the best-investigated progeroid disorders, a wide spectrum of other premature aging phenotypes exist, which differ significantly in their clinical presentation and molecular pathogenesis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approaches have made it feasible to determine the molecular diagnosis in the early stages of a disease. Nevertheless, a broad clinical knowledge on these disorders and their associated symptoms is still fundamental for a comprehensive patient management and for the interpretation of variants of unknown significance from NGS data sets. This review provides a detailed overview on characteristic clinical features and underlying molecular genetics of well-known as well as only recently identified premature aging disorders and also highlights novel findings towards future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schnabel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Stinson JL, Brault JA, Delk PR, Graham BH, Karmazyn B, Hall B, Weaver DD. An apparent new syndrome of extreme short stature, microcephaly, dysmorphic faces, intellectual disability, and a bone dysplasia of unknown etiology. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1562-1571. [PMID: 32426895 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 26-year-old male with extreme short stature, microcephaly, macroglossia, other dysmorphic features, severe intellectual disability, and a bone dysplasia. The patient had an extensive genetic and biochemical evaluation that was all normal or noninformative. Recently, the proband died following a period of not eating. He likely had a previously undescribed syndrome of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stinson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brault
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Neurology, and Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paula R Delk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Boaz Karmazyn
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan Hall
- Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - David D Weaver
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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24
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Saeidi M, Shahbandari M. A Child with Seckel Syndrome and Arterial Stenosis: Case Report and Literature Review. Int Med Case Rep J 2020; 13:159-163. [PMID: 32523383 PMCID: PMC7234957 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s241601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seckel syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by dysmorphic features, intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly and mental retardation. Although cardiovascular complications are not prevalent in this syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia, hypertension and brain vasculopathy are reported. Here, for the first time, we describe a case of lower extremity arterial occlusion in a case of Seckel syndrome. Case Presentation An 8-year-old girl with the characteristic features of Seckel syndrome was admitted to the children's hospital with the complaint of left lower extremity pain and a deep ulcer on her left shin. On examination, the left extremity was cooler than the other side, with a bluish color. Dorsalis pedis and popliteal artery pulses were not palpable on the left. A wound measuring 3 by 5 cm with gangrenous margins was visible on the anterior surface of the left leg. Severe stenosis in the left superficial femoral artery was reported on angiography. Considering the lean body of the patient, angioplasty was not possible and conservative wound care, analgesic drugs and aspirin were recommended. Conclusion Clinicians should be suspicious of vascular complications in patients with Seckel syndrome, even in the absence of any other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Saeidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Shahbandari
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Marthiens V, Basto R. Centrosomes: The good and the bad for brain development. Biol Cell 2020; 112:153-172. [PMID: 32170757 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes nucleate and organise the microtubule cytoskeleton in animal cells. These membraneless organelles are key structures for tissue organisation, polarity and growth. Centrosome dysfunction, defined as deviation in centrosome numbers and/or structural integrity, has major impact on brain size and functionality, as compared with other tissues of the organism. In this review, we discuss the contribution of centrosomes to brain growth during development. We discuss in particular the impact of centrosome dysfunction in Drosophila and mammalian neural stem cell division and fitness, which ultimately underlie brain growth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Marthiens
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, 75005, France
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26
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Hossain D, Shih SYP, Xiao X, White J, Tsang WY. Cep44 functions in centrosome cohesion by stabilizing rootletin. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239616. [PMID: 31974111 PMCID: PMC7044459 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome linker serves to hold the duplicated centrosomes together until they separate in late G2/early mitosis. Precisely how the linker is assembled remains an open question. In this study, we identify Cep44 as a novel component of the linker in human cells. Cep44 localizes to the proximal end of centrioles, including mother and daughter centrioles, and its ablation leads to loss of centrosome cohesion. Cep44 does not impinge on the stability of C-Nap1 (also known as CEP250), LRRC45 or Cep215 (also known as CDK5RAP2), and vice versa, and these proteins are independently recruited to the centrosome. Rather, Cep44 associates with rootletin and regulates its stability and localization to the centrosome. Our findings reveal a role of the previously uncharacterized protein Cep44 for centrosome cohesion and linker assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delowar Hossain
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sunny Y-P Shih
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Xintong Xiao
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Julia White
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - William Y Tsang
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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27
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Nasser H, Vera L, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Steindl K, Letard P, Teissier N, Ernault A, Guimiot F, Afenjar A, Moutard ML, Héron D, Alembik Y, Momtchilova M, Milani P, Kubis N, Pouvreau N, Zollino M, Guilmin Crepon S, Kaguelidou F, Gressens P, Verloes A, Rauch A, El Ghouzzi V, Drunat S, Passemard S. CDK5RAP2 primary microcephaly is associated with hypothalamic, retinal and cochlear developmental defects. J Med Genet 2020; 57:389-399. [PMID: 32015000 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) comprises a large group of autosomal recessive disorders mainly affecting cortical development and resulting in a congenital impairment of brain growth. Despite the identification of >25 causal genes so far, it remains a challenge to distinguish between different MCPH forms at the clinical level. METHODS 7 patients with newly identified mutations in CDK5RAP2 (MCPH3) were investigated by performing prospective, extensive and systematic clinical, MRI, psychomotor, neurosensory and cognitive examinations under similar conditions. RESULTS All patients displayed neurosensory defects in addition to microcephaly. Small cochlea with incomplete partition type II was found in all cases and was associated with progressive deafness in 4 of them. Furthermore, the CDK5RAP2 protein was specifically identified in the developing cochlea from human fetal tissues. Microphthalmia was also present in all patients along with retinal pigmentation changes and lipofuscin deposits. Finally, hypothalamic anomalies consisting of interhypothalamic adhesions, a congenital midline defect usually associated with holoprosencephaly, was detected in 5 cases. CONCLUSION This is the first report indicating that CDK5RAP2 not only governs brain size but also plays a role in ocular and cochlear development and is necessary for hypothalamic nuclear separation at the midline. Our data indicate that CDK5RAP2 should be considered as a potential gene associated with deafness and forme fruste of holoprosencephaly. These children should be given neurosensory follow-up to prevent additional comorbidities and allow them reaching their full educational potential. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01565005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nasser
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Liza Vera
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascaline Letard
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hopital Jean Verdier, APHP, Bondy, France.,Université Paris 13, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Natacha Teissier
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Service d'ORL, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Anais Ernault
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Service de Foetopathologie, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- CRMR déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, Département de génétique, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Delphine Héron
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital La Pitié-Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yves Alembik
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Strasbourg, Hopital de Hautepierre, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Paolo Milani
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, APHP, Hopital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Kubis
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, APHP, Hopital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pouvreau
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Universita Cattolica Sacro Cuore Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- Université de Paris, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC 1426, INSERM, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Center for Developing Brain, King's College, St. Thomas' Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Verloes
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,European Reference Network ERN ITHACA, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Severine Drunat
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,European Reference Network ERN ITHACA, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Département de Génétique, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France .,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,European Reference Network ERN ITHACA, 75019 Paris, France.,Service de Neuropédiatrie, APHP, Hopital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
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28
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Schmidt J, Wollnik B. Hallermann-Streiff syndrome: A missing molecular link for a highly recognizable syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 178:398-406. [PMID: 30580479 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of modern next-generation sequencing-based approaches for gene identification has tremendously improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the great majority of well-known syndromes, whereas only a few remain to be elucidated. Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is such a disorder for which the molecular basis is still unknown although it represents a highly recognizable phenotype. Clinically, patients with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome show typical craniofacial dysmorphism, eye malformations, a distinctive facial appearance, abnormalities of hair and skin, short stature, and, interestingly, they might also present with aspects of premature aging. The clinical diagnosis is mainly given by the very typical facial gestalt of patients. In this review, we (a) summarize the current knowledge on the phenotypic traits, focusing on described classic cases, (b) discuss the missing molecular link, and (c) present innovative future strategies for gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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O'Neill RS, Schoborg TA, Rusan NM. Same but different: pleiotropy in centrosome-related microcephaly. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 29:241-246. [PMID: 29382806 PMCID: PMC5996963 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An intimate link between centrosome function and neurogenesis is revealed by the identification of many genes with centrosome-associated functions that are mutated in microcephaly disorders. Consistent with the major role of the centrosome in mitosis, mutations in these centrosome-related microcephaly (CRM) genes are thought to affect neurogenesis by depleting the pool of neural progenitor cells, primarily through apoptosis as a consequence of mitotic failure or premature differentiation as a consequence of cell cycle delay and randomization of spindle orientation. However, as suggested by the wide range of microcephaly phenotypes and the multifunctional nature of many CRM proteins, this picture of CRM gene function is incomplete. Here, we explore several examples of CRM genes pointing to additional functions that contribute to microcephaly, including regulation of cell cycle signaling, actin cytoskeleton, and Hippo pathway proteins, as well as functions in postmitotic neurons and glia. As these examples are likely just the tip of the iceberg, further exploration of the roles of microcephaly-related genes are certain to reveal additional unforeseen functions important for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S O'Neill
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Todd A Schoborg
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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30
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Abstract
Neurons are polarized cells with long branched axons and dendrites. Microtubule generation and organization machineries are crucial to grow and pattern these complex cellular extensions. Microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) concentrate the molecular machinery for templating microtubules, stabilizing the nascent polymer, and organizing the resultant microtubules into higher-order structures. MTOC formation and function are well described at the centrosome, in the spindle, and at interphase Golgi; we review these studies and then describe recent results about how the machineries acting at these classic MTOCs are repurposed in the postmitotic neuron for axon and dendrite differentiation. We further discuss a constant tug-of-war interplay between different MTOC activities in the cell and how this process can be used as a substrate for transcription factor-mediated diversification of neuron types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Tann
- Laboratory for Neurodiversity, RIKEN Centre for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Adrian W Moore
- Laboratory for Neurodiversity, RIKEN Centre for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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31
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Müller R, Stumpf M, Wehrstedt R, Sukumaran SK, Karow MA, Marko M, Noegel AA, Eichinger L. The regulatory subunit phr2AB of Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A interacts with the centrosomal protein CEP161, a CDK5RAP2 ortholog. Genes Cells 2018; 23:923-931. [PMID: 30133996 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
phr2AB is the regulatory subunit of the Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A and is the ortholog of the human B55 regulatory subunit of PP2A. phr2AB was isolated as a binding partner of the centrosomal protein CEP161, an ortholog of mammalian CDK5RAP2. CEP161 is presumably a phosphoprotein and a component of the Hippo pathway. The interaction site was located in the N-terminal half of CEP161 which encompasses the γTURC binding domain in CEP161. This binding domain is responsible for binding of the γ-tubulin ring complex which allows microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. GFP-tagged phr2AB is diffusely distributed throughout the cell and enriched at the centrosome. Ectopic expression of phr2AB as GFP fusion protein led to multinucleation, aberrant nucleus centrosome ratios and an altered sensitivity to okadaic acid. Some of these features were also affected in cells over-expressing domains of CEP161 and in cells from patients suffering from primary microcephaly, which carried a mutated CDK5RAP2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Müller
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Regina Wehrstedt
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Salil K Sukumaran
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte A Karow
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marija Marko
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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32
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Abstract
Primary microcephaly (MCPH, for "microcephaly primary hereditary") is a disorder of brain development that results in a head circumference more than 3 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. It has a wide variety of causes, including toxic exposures, in utero infections, and metabolic conditions. While the genetic microcephaly syndromes are relatively rare, studying these syndromes can reveal molecular mechanisms that are critical in the regulation of neural progenitor cells, brain size, and human brain evolution. Many of the causative genes for MCPH encode centrosomal proteins involved in centriole biogenesis. However, other MCPH genes fall under different mechanistic categories, notably DNA replication and repair. Recent gene discoveries and functional studies have implicated novel cellular processes, such as cytokinesis, centromere and kinetochore function, transmembrane or intracellular transport, Wnt signaling, and autophagy, as well as the apical polarity complex. Thus, MCPH genes implicate a wide variety of molecular and cellular mechanisms in the regulation of cerebral cortical size during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jayaraman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard-MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Current affiliation: Boston Combined Residency Program (Child Neurology), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Byoung-Il Bae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA;
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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33
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Miron J, Picard C, Nilsson N, Frappier J, Dea D, Théroux L, Poirier J. CDK5RAP2
gene and tau pathophysiology in late‐onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:787-796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Miron
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQuébecCanada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's DiseaseMontréalQuébecCanada
- McGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQuébecCanada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's DiseaseMontréalQuébecCanada
- McGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Nathalie Nilsson
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQuébecCanada
- McGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Josée Frappier
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Doris Dea
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Louise Théroux
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University InstituteMontréalQuébecCanada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's DiseaseMontréalQuébecCanada
- McGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muenke
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Suzanne Hart
- National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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35
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Alfares A, Alhufayti I, Alsubaie L, Alowain M, Almass R, Alfadhel M, Kaya N, Eyaid W. A new association between
CDK5RAP2
microcephaly and congenital cataracts. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 82:165-170. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alfares
- Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine Qassim University Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtihal Alhufayti
- Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine Qassim University Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Alsubaie
- Division of Genetics Department of Pediatrics King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alowain
- Department of Medical Genetics King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Almass
- Department of Genetics King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics Department of Pediatrics King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Eyaid
- Division of Genetics Department of Pediatrics King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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36
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Abdullah U, Farooq M, Mang Y, Marriam Bakhtiar S, Fatima A, Hansen L, Kjaer KW, Larsen LA, Faryal S, Tommerup N, Mahmood Baig S. A novel mutation in CDK5RAP2 gene causes primary microcephaly with speech impairment and sparse eyebrows in a consanguineous Pakistani family. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:627-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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37
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Analysis of centrosome and DNA damage response in PLK4 associated Seckel syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1118-1125. [PMID: 28832566 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) is a group of autosomal recessive inherited single-gene disorders with intrauterine and postnatal global growth failure. Seckel syndrome is the most common form of the MPD. Ten genes are known with Seckel syndrome. Using genome-wide SNP genotyping and homozygosity mapping we mapped a Seckel syndrome gene to chromosomal region 4q28.1-q28.3 in a Turkish family. Direct sequencing of PLK4 (polo-like kinase 4) revealed a homozygous splicing acceptor site transition (c.31-3 A>G) that results in a premature translation termination (p.[=,Asp11Profs*14]) causing deletion of all known functional domains of the protein. PLK4 is a master regulator of centriole biogenesis and its deficiency has recently been associated with Seckel syndrome. However, the role of PLK4 in genomic stability and the DNA damage response is unclear. Evaluation of the PLK4-Seckel fibroblasts obtained from patient revealed the expected impaired centriole biogenesis, disrupted mitotic morphology, G2/M delay, and extended cell doubling time. Analysis of the PLK4-Seckel cells indicated that PLK4 is also essential for genomic stability and DNA damage response. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of the severe growth failure associated with PLK4-deficiency.
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38
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Johnson CA, Wright CE, Ghashghaei HT. Regulation of cytokinesis during corticogenesis: focus on the midbody. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:4009-4026. [PMID: 28493553 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortices depends on tight regulation of cell divisions. In this system, stem and progenitor cells undergo symmetric and asymmetric divisions to ultimately produce neurons that establish the layers of the cortex. Cell division culminates with the formation of the midbody, a transient organelle that establishes the site of abscission between nascent daughter cells. During cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division, one daughter cell will inherit the midbody remnant, which can then maintain or expel the remnant, but mechanisms and circumstances influencing this decision are unclear. This review describes the midbody and its constituent proteins, as well as the known consequences of their manipulation during cortical development. The potential functional relevance of midbody mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Neurosciences Concentration Area, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Catherine E Wright
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Neurosciences Concentration Area, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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39
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Hasan S, Balobaid A, Grottesi A, Dabbagh O, Cenciarini M, Rawashdeh R, Al-Sagheir A, Bove C, Macchioni L, Pessia M, Al-Owain M, D'Adamo MC. Lethal digenic mutations in the K + channels Kir4.1 ( KCNJ10) and SLACK ( KCNT1) associated with severe-disabling seizures and neurodevelopmental delay. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2402-2411. [PMID: 28747464 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00284.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-yr-old boy presented profound developmental delay, failure to thrive, ataxia, hypotonia, and tonic-clonic seizures that caused the death of the patient. Targeted and whole exome sequencing revealed two heterozygous missense variants: a novel mutation in the KCNJ10 gene that encodes for the inward-rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 and another previously characterized mutation in KCNT1 that encodes for the Na+-activated K+ channel known as Slo2.2 or SLACK. The objectives of this study were to perform the clinical and genetic characterization of the proband and his family and to examine the functional consequence of the Kir4.1 mutation. The mutant and wild-type KCNJ10 constructs were generated and heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and whole cell K+ currents were measured using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. The KCNJ10 mutation c.652C>T resulted in a p.L218F substitution at a highly conserved residue site. Wild-type KCNJ10 expression yielded robust Kir current, whereas currents from oocytes expressing the mutation were reduced, remarkably. Western Blot analysis revealed reduced protein expression by the mutation. Kir5.1 subunits display selective heteromultimerization with Kir4.1 constituting channels with unique kinetics. The effect of the mutation on Kir4.1/5.1 channel activity was twofold: a reduction in current amplitudes and an increase in the pH-dependent inhibition. We thus report a novel loss-of-function mutation in Kir4.1 found in a patient with a coexisting mutation in SLACK channels that results in a fatal disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present and characterize a novel mutation in KCNJ10 Unlike previously reported EAST/SeSAME patients, our patient was heterozygous, and contrary to previous studies, mimicking the heterozygous state by coexpression resulted in loss of channel function. We report in the same patient co-occurrence of a KCNT1 mutation resulting in a more severe phenotype. This study provides new insights into the phenotypic spectrum and to the genotype-phenotype correlations associated with EAST/SeSAME and MMFSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Hasan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Ameera Balobaid
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omar Dabbagh
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marta Cenciarini
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rifaat Rawashdeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Al-Sagheir
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cecilia Bove
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Pessia
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; .,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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40
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Abstract
The organization of microtubule networks is crucial for controlling chromosome segregation during cell division, for positioning and transport of different organelles, and for cell polarity and morphogenesis. The geometry of microtubule arrays strongly depends on the localization and activity of the sites where microtubules are nucleated and where their minus ends are anchored. Such sites are often clustered into structures known as microtubule-organizing centers, which include the centrosomes in animals and spindle pole bodies in fungi. In addition, other microtubules, as well as membrane compartments such as the cell nucleus, the Golgi apparatus, and the cell cortex, can nucleate, stabilize, and tether microtubule minus ends. These activities depend on microtubule-nucleating factors, such as γ-tubulin-containing complexes and their activators and receptors, and microtubule minus end-stabilizing proteins with their binding partners. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on how such factors work together to control microtubule organization in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wu
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; ,
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; ,
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41
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Faulty RNA splicing: consequences and therapeutic opportunities in brain and muscle disorders. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1215-1235. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Sukumaran SK, Stumpf M, Salamon S, Ahmad I, Bhattacharya K, Fischer S, Müller R, Altmüller J, Budde B, Thiele H, Tariq M, Malik NA, Nürnberg P, Baig SM, Hussain MS, Noegel AA. CDK5RAP2 interaction with components of the Hippo signaling pathway may play a role in primary microcephaly. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:365-383. [PMID: 28004182 PMCID: PMC5357305 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is characterized by a substantial reduction in brain size but with normal architecture. It is often linked to mutations in genes coding for centrosomal proteins; however, their role in brain size regulation is not completely understood. By combining homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in an MCPH family from Pakistan, we identified a novel mutation (XM_011518861.1; c.4114C > T) in CDK5RAP2, the gene associated with primary microcephaly-3 (MCPH3), leading to a premature stop codon (p.Arg1372*). CDK5RAP2 is a component of the pericentriolar material important for the microtubule-organizing function of the centrosome. Patient-derived primary fibroblasts had strongly decreased CDK5RAP2 amounts, showed centrosomal and nuclear abnormalities and exhibited changes in cell size and migration. We further identified an interaction of CDK5RAP2 with the Hippo pathway components MST1 kinase and the transcriptional regulator TAZ. This finding potentially provides a mechanism through which the Hippo pathway with its roles in the regulation of centrosome number is linked to the centrosome. In the patient fibroblasts, we observed higher levels of TAZ and YAP. However, common target genes of the Hippo pathway were downregulated as compared to the control with the exception of BIRC5 (Survivin), which was significantly upregulated. We propose that the centrosomal deficiencies and the altered cellular properties in the patient fibroblasts can also result from the observed changes in the Hippo pathway components which could thus be relevant for MCPH and play a role in brain size regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil K Sukumaran
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Salamon
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurchi Bhattacharya
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.
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43
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Pagnamenta AT, Howard MF, Knight SJL, Keays DA, Quaghebeur G, Taylor JC, Kini U. Activation of an exonic splice-donor site in exon 30 of CDK5RAP2 in a patient with severe microcephaly and pigmentary abnormalities. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4:952-956. [PMID: 27761245 PMCID: PMC5054469 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This report constitutes the first report of a cryptic exonic splice‐donor site in CDK5RAP2, highlights the importance of evaluating novel splice mutations, and suggests that the phenotypic range associated with CDK5RAP2 mutations may include skin pigmentary abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair T Pagnamenta
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Malcolm F Howard
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Samantha J L Knight
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Gerardine Quaghebeur
- Department of Neuroradiology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Usha Kini
- Department of Clinical Genetics Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
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44
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A new horizon of moyamoya disease and associated health risks explored through RNF213. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 21:55-70. [PMID: 26662949 PMCID: PMC4771639 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebrovascular disorder moyamoya disease (MMD) was first described in 1957 in Japan, and is typically considered to be an Asian-specific disease. However, it is globally recognized as one of the major causes of childhood stroke. Although several monogenic diseases are known to be complicated by Moyamoya angiopathy, the ring finger protein 213 gene (RNF213) was identified as a susceptibility gene for MMD. RNF213 is unusual, because (1) it induces MMD with no other recognizable phenotypes, (2) the RNF213 p.R4810K variant is an Asian founder mutation common to Japanese, Korean and Chinese with carrier rates of 0.5–2 % of the general population but a low penetrance, and (3) it encodes a relatively largest proteins with a dual AAA+ ATPase and E3 Ligase activities. In this review, we focus on the genetics and genetic epidemiology of RNF213, the pathology of RNF213 R4810K, and the molecular functions of RNF213, and also address the public health contributions to current unresolved issues of MMD. We also emphasize the importance of a more updated definition for MMD, of qualified cohort studies based on genetic epidemiology and an awareness of the ethical issues associated with genetic testing of carriers.
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45
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Yigit G, Rosin N, Wollnik B. Molekulare Grundlagen der autosomal-rezessiven primären Mikrozephalie. MED GENET-BERLIN 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-015-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Die primäre autosomal-rezessive Mikrozephalie (MCPH) ist eine genetisch sehr heterogene Erkrankung, die klinisch definiert wird durch das Vorliegen einer kongenitalen, nicht progressiven Mikrozephalie, einer mentalen Retardierung variablen Ausmaßes bei weitgehend normaler Körpergröße und das Fehlen von zusätzlichen Fehlbildungen und weiteren neurologischen Befunden. Bislang konnten Mutationen in 14 verschiedenen Genen identifiziert werden, deren Produkte auf zellulärer Ebene insbesondere bei Vorgängen der Zellteilung, der Zellzyklusregulierung und bei der Aktivierung von DNA-Reparaturmechanismen nach DNA-Schädigungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Darüber hinaus sind auch syndromale Formen der Mikrozephalie bekannt, zu denen u. a. das Seckel-Syndrom sowie der mikrozephale osteodysplastische primordiale Kleinwuchs Typ II (MOPD II) zählen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Yigit
- Aff1 grid.411097.a 000000008852305X Institut für Humangenetik Uniklinik Köln Köln Deutschland
- Aff2 grid.411984.1 0000000104825331 Institut für Humangenetik Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12 37073 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Nadine Rosin
- Aff1 grid.411097.a 000000008852305X Institut für Humangenetik Uniklinik Köln Köln Deutschland
- Aff2 grid.411984.1 0000000104825331 Institut für Humangenetik Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12 37073 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Aff1 grid.411097.a 000000008852305X Institut für Humangenetik Uniklinik Köln Köln Deutschland
- Aff2 grid.411984.1 0000000104825331 Institut für Humangenetik Universitätsmedizin Göttingen Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12 37073 Göttingen Deutschland
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