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Linoleic acid reduces apoptosis via NF-κB during the in vitro development of induced parthenogenic porcine embryos. Theriogenology 2022; 187:173-181. [PMID: 35596974 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid has a various role in preimplantation embryo development. Especially, Linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been reported to affect the apoptosis pathway via nuclear transcription factor-kappa B. But to date, the function of NF-κB has not been demonstrated in porcine preimplantation embryos. We demonstrated that linoleic acid had a positive effect on embryo development at a certain concentration(25 μM), but developmental failure was observed at higher concentration. Furthermore, the expression level of NF-κB increased, unlike that of IL-6, as the concentration of linoleic acid increased. Interestingly, the concentration of NF-κB was found to increase even at the concentration of linoleic acid at which embryo development decreased. We found that pro-apoptotic gene expression was downregulated in the linoleic acid-treated group. It was also found that MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic gene known to be unaffected by IL-6, was found to be increased at the mRNA level in the linoleic acid-treated group. As the concentration of NF-kB increased, the nuclear translocation of C-JUN gradually increased dependent on the linoleic acid concentration. It was confirmed that NF-κB is an important factor in porcine embryos by treated ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC 0.1 μM, an inhibitor of NF-κB) affected NF-κB protein expression, IL-6 expression, and blastocyst production. These data supported porcine embryos can use exogenous linoleic acid as a metabolic energy source via NF-κB.
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Fatty Acid Profile of Blood Plasma at Mating and Early Gestation in Rabbit. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113200. [PMID: 34827933 PMCID: PMC8614433 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the fatty acid (FA) profile of blood plasma at mating and 72 hpm by gas chromatography. Moreover, the correlation between FA and ovulation rate, normal embryos and compacted morulae was estimated. Palmitic, linoleic, oleic and stearic were the highest FA concentrations at mating and 72 hpm. Most long chain saturated and PUFA were higher at 72 hpm than at mating, while MUFA were higher at mating. SFA, MUFA and PUFA were high and positively correlated. Correlation was 0.643 between MUFA at mating and ovulation rate, and 0.781 between MUFA and normal embryos, respectively. Compacted morulae were slightly correlated with SFA at mating (0.465). In conclusion, the FA profile of plasma varies depending on the reproductive cycle of the rabbit female, adapting to energetic requirements at mating and early gestation. Moreover, positive correlations are found between fatty acids and ovulation rate and embryo development and quality.
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Marsico TV, Sales JNDS, Ferreira CR, Sudano MJ, Viana JHM, Camargo LSDA, Eberlin MN, Seneda MM, Baruselli PS. Characteristic MALDI-MS lipid profiles of Gir, Holstein and crossbred (Gir x Holstein) oocytes recovered by ovum pick-up. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Schindler M, Dannenberger D, Nuernberg G, Pendzialek M, Grybel K, Seeling T, Navarrete Santos A. Embryonic fatty acid metabolism in diabetic pregnancy: the difference between embryoblasts and trophoblasts. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:837-849. [PMID: 32979266 PMCID: PMC7751147 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first days of development the preimplantation embryo is supplied with nutrients from the surrounding milieu. Maternal diabetes mellitus affects the uterine microenvironment, leading to a metabolic adaptation processes in the embryo. We analysed embryonic fatty acid (FA) profiles and expression of processing genes in rabbit blastocysts, separately in embryoblasts (EBs) and trophoblasts (TBs), to determine the potential consequences of maternal diabetes mellitus on intracellular FA metabolism. Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced by alloxan in female rabbits. On Day 6 post coitum, FA profiles in blastocysts (EB, TB and blastocoel fluid) and maternal blood were analysed by gas chromatography. The expression levels of molecules involved in FA elongation (fatty acid elongases, ELOVLs) and desaturation (fatty acid desaturases, FADSs) were measured in EB and TB. Maternal diabetes mellitus influenced the FA profile in maternal plasma and blastocysts. Independent from metabolic changes, rabbit blastocysts contained a higher level of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and a lower level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) compared to the FA profile of the maternal plasma. Furthermore, the FA profile was altered in the EB and TB, differently. While SFAs (palmitic and stearic acid) were elevated in EB of diabetic rabbits, PUFAs, such as docosahexaenoic acid, were decreased. In contrast, in the TB, lower levels of SFAs and higher levels of oleic acid were observed. EB and TB specific alterations in gene expression were found for ELOVLs and FADSs, key enzymes for FA elongation and desaturation. In conclusion, maternal diabetes mellitus alters embryonic FA metabolism differently in EB and TB, indicating a lineage-specific metabolic adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schindler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Lipid Metabolism and Muscular Adaptation Workgroup, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gerd Nuernberg
- Lipid Metabolism and Muscular Adaptation Workgroup, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Pendzialek
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katarzyna Grybel
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tom Seeling
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Navarrete Santos
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University, Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Xiang J, Xing Y, Long C, Hou D, Liu F, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Zuo Y, Li X. Fatty acid metabolism as an indicator for the maternal-to-zygotic transition in porcine IVF embryos revealed by RNA sequencing. Theriogenology 2020; 151:128-136. [PMID: 32334121 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of fatty acids have been found in porcine oocytes and early embryos. Recent studies have indicated the importance of fatty acids in the development of pre-implantation porcine embryos, whether derived from in vivo or somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the effects of fatty acids on porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of gene expression and functions of fatty acids in pre-implantation IVF porcine embryos at different stages using transcriptome sequencing. We found that, in IVF porcine embryos, genes related to fatty acid metabolism were positively expressed during early embryonic development. Additionally, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism changed dramatically during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), and the genes associated with lipid metabolism were correlated with zygotic genome activation in porcine IVF embryos, suggesting that fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in MZT. In summary, fatty acid metabolism may be an indicator of MZT in porcine IVF embryos, which presents new considerations for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Ying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Chunshen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Dongxia Hou
- Genetic Eugenics Department, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China.
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China.
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Marei WFA, Alvarez MA, Van Hoeck V, Gutierrez-Adan A, Bols PEJ, Leroy JLMR. Effect of nutritionally induced hyperlipidaemia on in vitro bovine embryo quality depends on the type of major fatty acid in the diet. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1856-1867. [PMID: 27832581 DOI: 10.1071/rd16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether the effects of dietary-induced hyperlipidaemia on preimplantation embryo development depend on the predominant fatty acid (FA) type in the diet. In a combined in vivo-in vitro bovine model, two groups of cows (n=3 in each group) were fed with three diets consecutively (4 weeks feeding for each): (1) a maintenance control diet (CONT); (2) a high-starch diet rich in saturated fat (SAT); and (3) a high-starch diet rich in omega-3 unsaturated fat (UNSAT). Two feeding sequences were used to test for carry-over effects: Group A was fed CONT, SAT1 and then UNSAT2, whereas Group B was fed CONT, UNSAT1 and then SAT2. Serum was collected after each dietary period, analysed and tested in bovine in vitro embryo culture. Introducing SAT and UNSAT diets induced hyperlipidaemia (specifically hypercholesterolaemia and elevated free FAs) and reduced insulin sensitivity. Carry-over effects in serum metabolites and FA profile were dependent on the diet and feeding sequence. SAT1 and SAT2 serum decreased blastocyst rates and altered blastocyst mRNA expression related to apoptosis and oxidative stress. UNSAT1 and UNSAT2 serum resulted in normal embryo development and quality. Other in vitro effects depended on the sequence of feeding. In conclusion, substitution of saturated fat with omega-3 fat in a high-caloric diet induced hyperlipidaemia with an FA profile yielding similar rates and quality of blastocysts compared with normolipidaemic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria Arias Alvarez
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Veerle Van Hoeck
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproduccion Animal, Instituto nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. De la CorunaKm 5.9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Peter E J Bols
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Drews B, Milojevic V, Giller K, Ulbrich S. Fatty acid profile of blood plasma and oviduct and uterine fluid during early and late luteal phase in the horse. Theriogenology 2018; 114:258-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Contrasting transcriptome landscapes of rabbit pluripotent stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Silva-Santos KC, Ferreira CR, Santos GMG, Eberlin MN, Siloto LS, Rosa CO, Marcantonio TN, Seneda MM. MALDI-MS Lipid Profiles of Oocytes Recovered by Ovum Pickup fromBos indicusand 1/2indicus×tauruswith High vs Low Oocyte Yields. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:711-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KC Silva-Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal (ReproA); DCV-CCA-Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Londrina Brazil
| | - CR Ferreira
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas; Londrina Brazil
| | - GMG Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal (ReproA); DCV-CCA-Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Londrina Brazil
| | - MN Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas; Londrina Brazil
| | - LS Siloto
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal (ReproA); DCV-CCA-Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Londrina Brazil
| | - CO Rosa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal (ReproA); DCV-CCA-Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Londrina Brazil
| | - TN Marcantonio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal (ReproA); DCV-CCA-Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Londrina Brazil
| | - MM Seneda
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal (ReproA); DCV-CCA-Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Londrina Brazil
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10
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Cao S, Han J, Wu J, Li Q, Liu S, Zhang W, Pei Y, Ruan X, Liu Z, Wang X, Lim B, Li N. Specific gene-regulation networks during the pre-implantation development of the pig embryo as revealed by deep sequencing. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:4. [PMID: 24383959 PMCID: PMC3925986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because few studies exist to describe the unique molecular network regulation behind pig pre-implantation embryonic development (PED), genetic engineering in the pig embryo is limited. Also, this lack of research has hindered derivation and application of porcine embryonic stem cells and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Results We identified and analyzed the genome wide transcriptomes of pig in vivo-derived and somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) as well as mouse in vivo-derived pre-implantation embryos at different stages using mRNA deep sequencing. Comparison of the pig embryonic transcriptomes with those of mouse and human pre-implantation embryos revealed unique gene expression patterns during pig PED. Pig zygotic genome activation was confirmed to occur at the 4-cell stage via genome-wide gene expression analysis. This activation was delayed to the 8-cell stage in SCNT embryos. Specific gene expression analysis of the putative inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE) revealed that pig and mouse pre-implantation embryos share regulatory networks during the first lineage segregation and primitive endoderm differentiation, but not during ectoderm commitment. Also, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a unique characteristic of pig pre-implantation embryonic development. In addition, the global gene expression patterns in the pig SCNT embryos were different from those in in vivo-derived pig embryos. Conclusions Our results provide a resource for pluripotent stem cell engineering and for understanding pig development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Ferreira MS, de Oliveira DN, Gonçalves RF, Catharino RR. Lipid characterization of embryo zones by silica plate laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (SP-LDI-MSI). Anal Chim Acta 2014; 807:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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New insights into human pre-implantation metabolism in vivo and in vitro. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:293-303. [PMID: 23430228 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-9953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of pre-implantation embryos is far from being understood. In human embryos, the two major obstacles are the scarcity of material, for obvious ethical reasons, and complete absence of a relevant in vivo control model. Over-extrapolation from animal species to human systems adds to the complexity of the problem. Removal of some metabolites from media has been proposed, such as glucose and essential amino acids, on the basis of their pseudo "toxicity". In contrast, addition of some compounds such as growth factors has been proposed in order to decrease apoptosis, which is a natural physiologic process. These suggestions reflect the absence of global knowledge, and in consequence mask reality. Some aspects of metabolism have been ignored, such as lipid metabolism. Others are seriously underestimated, such as oxidative stress and its relationship to imprinting/methylation, of paramount importance for genetic regulation and chromosomal stability. It has become increasingly obvious that more studies are essential, especially in view of the major extension of ART activities worldwide.
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Barceló-Fimbres M, Seidel GE. Cross-validation of techniques for measuring lipid content of bovine oocytes and blastocysts. Theriogenology 2010; 75:434-44. [PMID: 21111465 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to test and validate a fluorescence approach to quantify lipid content of individual bovine oocytes and blastocysts. For Experiment 1, denuded oocytes were evaluated, as well as in vitro-produced blastocysts in a factorial design: cows versus feedlot heifers; three additives during Days 2.5-7.5 of culture (Control; 10% FCS; 0.3 μM phenazine ethosulfate (PES), an electron acceptor that oxidizes NADPH); and two blastocyst stages (early versus expanded). All blastocysts were graded subjectively for darkness (1 = clear … 4 = dark). In Experiment 2, denuded oocytes were used to measure lipid content in a factorial design of: cows versus heifers and four subjective darkness grades (1 = clear … 4 = dark). To quantify lipids, oocytes and 7.5 d blastocysts were fixed and then stained with 1 μg/mL Nile Red dye in mPBS overnight. A digital photograph of the equatorial part of the oocyte and embryo was taken at 200×, and fluorescence intensity (Arbitrary Fluorescence Units, AFU) was measured with Image Pro software. Reverse images of the same photographs were used to count numbers of cytoplasmic lipid droplets of various sizes (LC). The linear regression equation of LC with AFU in oocytes had an r(2) = 0.84, and for blastocysts r(2) = 0.91. The LC and AFU also had similar coefficients of variation from the ANOVA for blastocysts (38 vs 44%, respectively). Treatment differences were of similar magnitude with both procedures: lipid content in oocytes and blastocysts from heifers and cows was similar (P > 0.1); PES reduced lipid accumulation, and FCS increased it relative to the Control for AFU (18.6 vs 46.6 vs 36.9 units, respectively), and LC (1763 vs 4081 vs 3310, respectively; all, P < 0.01). Early blastocysts resulted in more lipid accumulation per unit area than expanded ones based on AFU (41.5 vs 26.6) and LC (3519 vs 2583; both P <0.01). There was a strong relationship (P < 0.01) between subjective oocyte and blastocyst darkness and lipid content. The less labor intensive fluorescence staining was a reliable technique for quantifying lipid droplets in oocytes and blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barceló-Fimbres
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1683, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Haggarty
- Nutrition and Epigenetics Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom;
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15
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Sturmey RG, Reis A, Leese HJ, McEvoy TG. Role of fatty acids in energy provision during oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44 Suppl 3:50-8. [PMID: 19660080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While much is known about the metabolism of exogenous nutrients such as glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids by oocytes and pre-implantation mammalian embryos, the role of endogenous stores, particularly lipid, has been largely overlooked. The presence of lipid within oocytes and early embryos has been long known, and comparisons between species indicate that the amounts and types of lipid present vary considerably. Large amounts of intracellular lipid can compromise the success of cryopreservation and the removal of such lipid has been the subject of considerable effort. In this review, we present evidence that strongly suggests a metabolic role for lipid, specifically with regard to energy provision, in the late-stage oocyte and the pre-implantation embryo. We focus initially on oxygen consumption as a global indicator of metabolic activity, before reviewing different approaches that either have been designed to investigate directly, or have revealed indirectly the role of endogenous lipid in energy generation. These fall under five headings: (i) fatty acid oxidation; (ii) inhibition of triglyceride oxidation; (iii) culture in the absence of exogenous substrates; (iv) cytoplasmic organization; and (v) delipidation. On the basis of the data derived from these studies, we conclude that there is strong evidence for the utilization of endogenous lipid as an energy substrate by oocytes and early embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Sturmey
- Department of Biology (Area 3), University of York, York, YO10 5YW, UK.
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16
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Ferreira CR, Saraiva SA, Catharino RR, Garcia JS, Gozzo FC, Sanvido GB, Santos LFA, Lo Turco EG, Pontes JHF, Basso AC, Bertolla RP, Sartori R, Guardieiro MM, Perecin F, Meirelles FV, Sangalli JR, Eberlin MN. Single embryo and oocyte lipid fingerprinting by mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:1218-27. [PMID: 19965589 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods used for lipid analysis in embryos and oocytes usually involve selective lipid extraction from a pool of many samples followed by chemical manipulation, separation and characterization of individual components by chromatographic techniques. Herein we report direct analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) of single and intact embryos or oocytes from various species. Biological samples were simply moisturized with the matrix solution and characteristic lipid (represented by phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and triacylglycerols) profiles were obtained via MALDI-MS. As representative examples, human, bovine, sheep and fish oocytes, as well as bovine and insect embryos were analyzed. MALDI-MS is shown to be capable of providing characteristic lipid profiles of gametes and embryos and also to respond to modifications due to developmental stages and in vitro culture conditions of bovine embryos. Investigation in developmental biology of the biological roles of structural and reserve lipids in embryos and oocytes should therefore benefit from these rapid MALDI-MS profiles from single and intact species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Ferreira
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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17
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González R, Ruiz-León Y, Gomendio M, Roldan ERS. The effect of glucocorticoids on mouse oocyte in vitro maturation and subsequent fertilization and embryo development. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:108-15. [PMID: 19733225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased glucocorticoid levels, due to medical therapy or stress-related, may affect reproduction via the hypothalamus-pituitary-axis or directly at the oocyte level. We examined the effects of natural (corticosterone) or synthetic (dexamethasone) glucocorticoids on mouse oocyte maturation and underlying changes in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation patterns. Fertilization and progression up to the blastocyst stage were also evaluated. Oocytes were exposed to corticosterone or dexamethasone (0, 0.25, 2.5, 25 or 250microM) for 17h during in vitro maturation. After maturation, ERK-1/2 activation in oocytes was assessed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, and fertilization and developmental capacity were examined in vitro. Corticosterone exposure during oocyte maturation significantly decreased progression to metaphase II, fertilization and embryo development at the highest concentration. Corticosterone caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of ERK-1/2 activation, with the highest concentration resulting in considerable inhibition of oocyte ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and no blastocyst development. In contrast, dexamethasone had no effect on maturation, fertilization and cleavage, and no effect was seen on ERK-1/2 phosphorylation. Based on these in vitro findings, high glucocorticoid levels may have consequences for subsequent development, although a short exposure to physiologic or stress-related glucocorticoid levels may not represent a hazard to meiosis progression of the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González
- Reproductive Ecology and Biology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Tsujii H, Matsuoka Y, Obata R, Hossain MS, Takagi Y. Fatty acid composition of lipids in day 7-13 blastocysts, serum and uterine fluid of rabbits. Reprod Med Biol 2009; 8:107-112. [PMID: 29662420 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-009-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The fatty acid composition of rabbit blastocysts, blood serum and uterine fluids were analyzed to study embryonic lipid metabolism. Methods Embryos were collected from Japanese white rabbits and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Results Total amount of fatty acids in blastocysts was higher than that in serum and uterine fluid. The amount of fatty acids in blastocysts markedly decreased during days 7-13 of pregnancy, and in serum had hovered, but in uterine fluid on day 13 was nine times higher than that on day 7 of pregnancy. Palmitic acid predominates in blastocysts, serum and uterine fluid during this period. Conclusion Palmitic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in the blastocysts, serum and uterine fluids of rabbit during days 7-13 of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Tsujii
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University 8304 Minamiminowa-mura 399-4598 Nagano Japan
| | - Y Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University 8304 Minamiminowa-mura 399-4598 Nagano Japan
| | - R Obata
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University 8304 Minamiminowa-mura 399-4598 Nagano Japan
| | - M S Hossain
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University 8304 Minamiminowa-mura 399-4598 Nagano Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University 8304 Minamiminowa-mura 399-4598 Nagano Japan
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Haggarty P, Wood M, Ferguson E, Hoad G, Srikantharajah A, Milne E, Hamilton M, Bhattacharya S. Fatty acid metabolism in human preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod 2005; 21:766-73. [PMID: 16311299 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known of fatty acid metabolism in human embryos. This information would be useful in developing metabolic tests of embryo quality and improving embryo culture media. METHODS The fatty acid composition of human embryos and their ability to accumulate 13C labelled fatty acids was assessed in relation to the stage of development using gas-chromatography and combustion-isotope-ratio-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Compared with embryos which did not develop beyond the 4-cell stage, those that did had significantly higher concentrations of the unsaturates, linoleic (12% versus 3%; P=0.02) and oleic (14% versus 7%; P=0.02), and a lower concentration of total saturates (62% versus 77%; P=0.04). There was uptake of both 13C linoleic and palmitic, but the developmental pattern was different for each fatty acid. The net accumulation in pmol/embryo/24h for palmitic was 1 at the 2-cell to <8-cell stage, 4 at the 8-cell-morula stage and negligible at the blastocyst stage. For linoleic, there was little net accumulation at the 2-cell to <8-cell stage, 8 (8-cell-morula stage) and 17 pmol/embryo/24 h (blastocyst stage). CONCLUSION Preimplantation human embryos actively take up individual fatty acids at different rates at different stages of development. The high unsaturated concentration at the later stages of development may be explained by preferential uptake of linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Haggarty
- Embryonic Programming Group, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.
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20
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Berger PS, Wood PA. Disrupted blastocoele formation reveals a critical developmental role for long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Mol Genet Metab 2004; 82:266-72. [PMID: 15308124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) deficiency has not been found in human patients. There has been an LCAD deficient (LCAD-/-) mouse model developed via gene targeting strategies that has gestational loss as a part of its phenotype. We tested the hypothesis that LCAD deficiency disrupts normal embryonic development and explains at least in part the gestational loss in the mouse and may suggest a mechanism to explain the lack of any human patients with this inherited enzyme deficiency. We cultured and evaluated embryos with three different genotypes: LCAD+/+, LCAD+/-, and LCAD-/-. We found a significantly increased rate of death (P<0.012) in LCAD-/- embryos at the morula-to-blastocyst conversion indicating a deficient ability to complete the development of a blastocoele and formation of a blastocyst. Furthermore, we hypothesized that we could rescue LCAD-/- embryos in culture by supplying excess fatty acids of chain-lengths that could be readily oxidized by them despite their inherited enzyme deficiency. We were unable, however, to demonstrate any rescue by supplementing the culture medium with fatty acids of a wide-range of chain-lengths. Therefore, overall we demonstrated a severely deficient capacity for LCAD-/- embryos to develop past the morula stage with intermediate rates of development found in the LCAD+/- embryos as compared to the LCAD+/+ embryos. Furthermore, we were unable to rescue the LCAD-/- embryos with any fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Berger
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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McEvoy TG, Sinclair KD, Young LE, Wilmut I, Robinson JJ. Large offspring syndrome and other consequences of ruminant embryo culture in vitro: relevance to blastocyst culture in human ART. HUM FERTIL 2002; 3:238-246. [PMID: 11844385 DOI: 10.1080/1464727002000199061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro production of embryos from domestic animals is used to augment conventional genetic improvement programmes in agriculture and to facilitate advances in gene transfer and cloning. However, production of embryos in vitro exposes them to hazards not normally encountered in vivo and, as a result, there have been unforeseen consequences including the large offspring syndrome. This syndrome is manifest as abnormal growth and development at fetal, neonatal and later stages after transfer of embryos cultured in vitro for up to 1 week after fertilization. Our embryo culture and fetal development studies have begun to characterize many of the genetic, metabolic and developmental features associated with the syndrome. This review considers the findings of these studies in the context of blastocyst production in vitro, emphasizing the impact of culture strategies on ruminant (cattle and sheep) embryo composition and developmental competence. The need to alter in vitro production strategies to safeguard oocytes and embryos during culture is discussed. Finally, the implications of experiences gained in domestic animal studies are considered in the context of current options for human embryo culture. The need for an appreciation of the sensitivity of the embryo to its environment and the possible short- and long-term consequences of inappropriate in vitro production strategies are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McEvoy
- Scottish Agricultural College, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK
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22
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Pugh PA, Ankersmit AE, McGowan LT, Tervit HR. Cryopreservation of in vitro-produced bovine embryos: effects of protein type and concentration during freezing or of liposomes during culture on post-thaw survival. Theriogenology 1998; 50:495-506. [PMID: 10732142 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of membrane stabilization through the modification of in vitro culture medium or freezing medium on post-thaw survival of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. In Experiment 1, Day 7 (Day 0 = day of IVF) late morulae and blastocysts that developed following culture in SOF/aa/BSA (IVC medium) were frozen slowly to -35 degrees C in the presence of 1.5 M ethylene glycol prepared in ovum culture medium (OCM) or in OCM supplemented with 10, 25 or 50% fetal calf serum (FCS) or 5, 10 or 25 mg/mL BSA. Post-thaw survival was assessed by re-expansion and/or hatching following 48 h of culture in IVC medium + 10% FCS. Overall, survival was significantly (P < 0.01) affected by embryo stage, with more hatched blastocysts surviving (71%) than blastocysts (59%) or late morulae (51%). Addition of FCS significantly (P < 0.01) reduced survival compared with control embryos or those frozen in BSA-supplemented medium (50.48 vs 68.01 vs 63.53%, respectively). There was also a significant interaction between embryo stage and protein type (P < 0.05). The survival of late morulae/early blastocysts following freezing was improved in the presence of additional BSA but not FCS. In Experiment 2, the IVC medium was supplemented with liposomes containing lecithin, sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Sphingomyelin and cholesterol at ratios of 1:1, 1:4 and 4:1 were added to 50, 100 or 150 micrograms/mL lecithin to yield a final lipid concentration of 200 micrograms/mL. A further group contained 200 micrograms/mL lecithin only. Blastocysts were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol in OCM, then thawed and assessed as in Experiment 1. The presence of liposomes during IVC did not affect the proportion of cleaved embryos that developed to blastocysts or survival following freezing. However, the survival of blastocysts that developed in the presence of 200 micrograms/mL lecithin only was significantly lower than in any other treatment (6%; P < 0.03). These studies demonstrate that the protein composition of the freezing medium can significantly affect survival after thawing and that the survival of late morulae can be improved with additional BSA. The presence of lecithin only in the liposome preparation did not affect embryo development, but significantly reduced survival after freezing, suggesting it can affect post-thaw embryo survival, perhaps by altering embryonic membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Pugh
- AgResearch, Dairy and Beef Division, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Abstract
Oviduct fluid and oviduct epithelium seem able to modulate in-time maturation and transport of gametes and embryos. They probably allow selection of spermatozoa through too early activation. Subtle changes in the composition of tubal secretion permit fertilization and embryo development in the best conditions. The mechanisms of these changes of oviduct fluid composition (induced by endocrine stimuli and/or by embryo) are under investigation. Numerous compounds isolated in oviduct fluid are now added to the synthetic media for in vitro maturation/in vitro fertilization/embryo culture (IVM/IVF/EC). The rationale is now to mimic more and more, the biochemical composition of tubal and uterine fluids even if interactions with embryo metabolism is still far from being understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Menezo
- Laboratoire Marcel Mérieux, Bron, France
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Janssenswillen C, Christiaens F, Camu F, Van Steirteghem A. The effect of propofol on parthenogenetic activation, in vitro fertilization and early development of mouse oocytes. Fertil Steril 1997; 67:769-74. [PMID: 9093209 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of propofol on fertilization and early embryo development in a mouse IVF model. DESIGN Controlled study. SETTING Mouse IVF. INTERVENTION(S) Mouse oocytes were exposed in vitro to propofol at a concentration of 0 (control), 50, 250, 500, 1,000, or 5,000 ng/mL for 30 minutes, washed, and inseminated. Thereafter, fertilization was assessed. Subsequent in vitro development to the blastocyst stage was monitored daily. The potential to activate parthenogenetically oocytes also was evaluated by looking for spontaneous extrusion of the second polar body or development to the two-cell stage. In a second step, a pure propofol solution was added to culture medium and used as a standard. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Two-cell and blastocyst-stage embryo. RESULT(S) Where fertilization occurred, subsequent embryo cleavage and development up to the blastocyst stage was affected significantly by the presence of propofol solution in the medium, (i.e., 3% to 41%) in comparison with the control group (76%). Exposure of unfertilized oocytes for 30 minutes to propofol results in a parthenogenetic activation of 33% to 60%, which was significantly higher than the control (10%). When oocytes were kept in propofol for 24 hours, a mean of 30% of activation was observed as compared with 0.5% for the control. CONCLUSION(S) We can conclude from these experiments that even a brief exposure of cumulus-enclosed oocytes to a low concentration of propofol is deleterious to subsequent cleavage. Exposure of unfertilized oocytes to propofol results in a high degree of parthenogenetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Janssenswillen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University, Belgium.
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Ozgür K, Franken DR, Kaskar K, Gabriel LK, Kruger TF. The influence of a mineral oil overlay on the zona pellucida binding potential of human spermatozoa. Andrologia 1995; 27:155-9. [PMID: 7639346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1995.tb01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral oil on zona pellucida binding potential of human spermatozoa. The study compared zona binding using micro volume droplets under mineral oil as apposed to micro droplets in cryopreservation straws. Spermatozoa from eight proven fertile sperm donors were used. One hundred and fifty five matched hemizonae in 50 microliters, 100 microliters and 200 microliters insemination sperm droplets were co-incubated; (i) under mineral oil and (ii) 0.5 ml plastic cryopreservation straws. The results were analysed to determine the number of the zona bound spermatozoa during each experiment. Microvolumes with an oil overlay had a decrease in sperm bound per hemizona of 38% (mean +/- SD; 563 +/- 415 vs. 921 +/- 597), 51% (mean +/- SD; 392 +/- 359 vs. 800 +/- 566 sperm) and 18% (mean +/- SD; 502 +/- 369 vs. 618 +/- 445) in 200 microliters, 100 microliters and 50 microliters respectively, compared to microvolumes in cryopreservation straws. It was concluded that mineral oil may have some detrimental factors which interfere with zona binding of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozgür
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
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26
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Henault MA, Killian GJ. Neutral lipid droplets in bovine oviductal epithelium and lipid composition of epithelial cell homogenates. J Dairy Sci 1993; 76:691-700. [PMID: 7681859 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to locate and to quantify lipids within the oviduct epithelial cells that might serve as a source of luminal lipids. Oviduct epithelial cells were analyzed from 12 cows in either the follicular or luteal stage of the ovarian cycle. Histochemical differences in neutral lipid droplets and phospholipids containing choline were detected among the oviductal regions. Neutral lipid staining was greatest in the preampulla and the ampulla and least in the isthmus. Staining of phospholipids containing choline was similar in preampullary and ampullary epithelia but was concentrated in isthmic crypts. Neutral lipid droplets, detected fluorescently with Nile Red, were present in a greater percentage of preampullary epithelial cells (76.8 +/- 1.8) than ampullary (42.1 +/- 2.1) or isthmic cells (12.2 +/- 1.3). Neither ovarian cycle stage nor side of ovulation affected the concentration of epithelial lipid droplets. Colorimetric lipid assays determined that concentrations of free cholesterol and glycerides in the preampulla were higher than in other regions. Most esterified cholesterol was detected in the isthmus. These findings indicate that the bovine oviduct epithelium exhibits regional differences in phospholipid and neutral lipid distribution. Because many of the lipids studied affect gamete and early embryo membranes, localization differences may affect the functional variability of the oviductal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Henault
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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27
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Walker S, Heard T, Seamark R. In vitro culture of sheep embryos without co-culture: Successes and perspectives. Theriogenology 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(92)90250-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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