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Mansour S, Alkhaaldi SMI, Sammanasunathan AF, Ibrahim S, Farhat J, Al-Omari B. Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene-Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:581. [PMID: 38474710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. AIM This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during the management of obesity and common associated chronic conditions. RESULTS The review identified three main PN components: gene-nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, and lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes to inter-individual variations in dietary behaviours, with advanced genome sequencing and population genetics aiding in detecting gene variants associated with obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges as an advanced therapeutic tool, impacting disease control and prevention. The gut microbiome's composition regulates diverse responses to nutritional recommendations. Several studies highlight PN's effectiveness in improving diet quality and enhancing adherence to physical activity among obese patients. PN is a key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing dietary patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION PN stands out as a feasible tool for effectively managing obesity, considering its ability to integrate genetic and lifestyle factors. The application of PN-based approaches not only improves current obesity conditions but also holds promise for preventing obesity and its associated complications in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mansour
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Bodhini D, Morton RW, Santhakumar V, Nakabuye M, Pomares-Millan H, Clemmensen C, Fitzpatrick SL, Guasch-Ferre M, Pankow JS, Ried-Larsen M, Franks PW, Tobias DK, Merino J, Mohan V, Loos RJF. Impact of individual and environmental factors on dietary or lifestyle interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes development: a systematic review. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:133. [PMID: 37794109 PMCID: PMC10551013 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variability in the effectiveness of type 2 diabetes (T2D) preventive interventions highlights the potential to identify the factors that determine treatment responses and those that would benefit the most from a given intervention. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the evidence to support whether sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and molecular factors modify the efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions to prevent T2D. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting on the effect of a lifestyle, dietary pattern, or dietary supplement interventions on the incidence of T2D and reporting the results stratified by any effect modifier. We extracted relevant statistical findings and qualitatively synthesized the evidence for each modifier based on the direction of findings reported in available studies. We used the Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Scale to assess the certainty of the evidence for a given effect modifier. RESULTS The 81 publications that met our criteria for inclusion are from 33 unique trials. The evidence is low to very low to attribute variability in intervention effectiveness to individual characteristics such as age, sex, BMI, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, baseline behavioral factors, or genetic predisposition. CONCLUSIONS We report evidence, albeit low certainty, that those with poorer health status, particularly those with prediabetes at baseline, tend to benefit more from T2D prevention strategies compared to healthier counterparts. Our synthesis highlights the need for purposefully designed clinical trials to inform whether individual factors influence the success of T2D prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tuborg Havnevej 19, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Santhakumar
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariam Nakabuye
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugo Pomares-Millan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie L Fitzpatrick
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferre
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Sports and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tuborg Havnevej 19, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Merino
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Wei R, Li D, Jia S, Chen Y, Wang J. MC4R in Central and Peripheral Systems. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300035. [PMID: 37043700 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a critical and urgent health burden during the current global pandemic. Among multiple genetic causes, melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R), involved in food intake and energy metabolism regulation through various signaling pathways, has been reported to be the lead genetic factor in severe and early onset obesity and hyperphagia disorders. Most previous studies have illustrated the roles of MC4R signaling in energy intake versus expenditure in the central system, while some evidence indicates that MC4R is also expressed in peripheral systems, such as the gut and endocrine organs. However, its physiopathological function remains poorly defined. This review aims to depict the central and peripheral roles of MC4R in energy metabolism and endocrine hormone homeostasis, the diversity of phenotypes, biased downstream signaling caused by distinct MC4R mutations, and current drug development targeting the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sheng Jia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Bodhini D, Morton RW, Santhakumar V, Nakabuye M, Pomares-Millan H, Clemmensen C, Fitzpatrick SL, Guasch-Ferre M, Pankow JS, Ried-Larsen M, Franks PW, Tobias DK, Merino J, Mohan V, Loos RJF. Role of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and molecular factors in precision prevention of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.03.23289433. [PMID: 37205385 PMCID: PMC10187453 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.23289433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The variability in the effectiveness of type 2 diabetes (T2D) preventive interventions highlights the potential to identify the factors that determine treatment responses and those that would benefit the most from a given intervention. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize the evidence to support whether sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and molecular characteristics modify the efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions to prevent T2D. Among the 80 publications that met our criteria for inclusion, the evidence was low to very low to attribute variability in intervention effectiveness to individual characteristics such as age, sex, BMI, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, baseline behavioral factors, or genetic predisposition. We found evidence, albeit low certainty, to support conclusions that those with poorer health status, particularly those with prediabetes at baseline, tend to benefit more from T2D prevention strategies compared to healthier counterparts. Our synthesis highlights the need for purposefully designed clinical trials to inform whether individual factors influence the success of T2D prevention strategies.
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5
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Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Massidda M, Tocco F, Leźnicka K. The Influence of the Differentiation of Genes Encoding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Coactivators on Nutrient and Energy Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245378. [PMID: 36558537 PMCID: PMC9782515 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic components may play an important role in the regulation of nutrient and energy metabolism. In the presence of specific genetic variants, metabolic dysregulation may occur, especially in relation to the processes of digestion, assimilation, and the physiological utilization of nutrients supplied to the body, as well as the regulation of various metabolic pathways and the balance of metabolic changes, which may consequently affect the effectiveness of applied reduction diets and weight loss after training. There are many well-documented studies showing that the presence of certain polymorphic variants in some genes can be associated with specific changes in nutrient and energy metabolism, and consequently, with more or less desirable effects of applied caloric reduction and/or exercise intervention. This systematic review focused on the role of genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their coactivators in nutrient and energy metabolism. The literature review prepared showed that there is a link between the presence of specific alleles described at different polymorphic points in PPAR genes and various human body characteristics that are crucial for the efficacy of nutritional and/or exercise interventions. Genetic analysis can be a valuable element that complements the work of a dietitian or trainer, allowing for the planning of a personalized diet or training that makes the best use of the innate metabolic characteristics of the person who is the subject of their interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Tocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Leźnicka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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6
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Valeeva FV, Medvedeva MS, Khasanova KB, Valeeva EV, Kiseleva TA, Egorova ES, Pickering C, Ahmetov II. Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4217-4224. [PMID: 35292917 PMCID: PMC9262768 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146. Knowledge of the association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and body weight changes in different forms of prediabetes treatment is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, and TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS From 327 patients, a subgroup of 81 prediabetic female patients (48.7 ± 14.8 years) of Eastern European descent participated in a 3-month study comprised of diet therapy or diet therapy accompanied with metformin treatment. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and genotyping of MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphisms were performed. The MC4R CC and TCF7L2 TT genotypes were associated with increased risk of T2D (OR = 1.46, p = 0.05 and OR = 2.47, p = 0.006, respectively). PPARG CC homozygotes experienced increased weight loss; however, no additional improvements were experienced with the addition of metformin. MC4R TT homozygotes who took metformin alongside dietary intervention experienced increased weight loss and reductions in fat mass (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We have shown that the obesity-protective alleles (MC4R T and PPARG C) were positively associated with weight loss efficiency. Furthermore, we confirmed the previous association of the MC4R C and TCF7L2 T alleles with T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida V Valeeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mariya S Medvedeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Elena V Valeeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Kazan Federal (Volga Region) University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Kiseleva
- Department of Endocrinology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Emiliya S Egorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Craig Pickering
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia. .,Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia. .,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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7
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Holzapfel C, Sag S, Graf-Schindler J, Fischer M, Drabsch T, Illig T, Grallert H, Stecher L, Strack C, Caterson ID, Jebb SA, Hauner H, Baessler A. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Weight Reduction in Behavioural Interventions-A Pooled Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030819. [PMID: 33801339 PMCID: PMC7998423 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and weight loss is limited. The aim was to analyse whether selected obesity-associated SNPs within the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), SEC16 homolog B (SEC16B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene are associated with anthropometric changes during behavioural intervention for weight loss. genetic and anthropometric data from 576 individuals with overweight and obesity from four lifestyle interventions were obtained. A genetic predisposition score (GPS) was calculated. Our results show that study participants had a mean age of 48.2 ± 12.6 years and a mean baseline body mass index of 33.9 ± 6.4 kg/m2. Mean weight reduction after 12 months was −7.7 ± 10.9 kg. After 12 months of intervention, the MC4R SNPs rs571312 and rs17782313 were significantly associated with a greater decrease in body weight and BMI (p = 0.012, p = 0.011, respectively). The investigated SNPs within the other four genetic loci showed no statistically significant association with changes in anthropometric parameters. The GPS showed no statistically significant association with weight reduction. In conclusion there was no consistent evidence for statistically significant associations of SNPs with anthropometric changes during a behavioural intervention. It seems that other factors play a more significant in weight management than the investigated SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-28924923; Fax: +49-89-28924922
| | - Sabine Sag
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Johanna Graf-Schindler
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Marcus Fischer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Lynne Stecher
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Christina Strack
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Ian D. Caterson
- Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Susan A. Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK;
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.G.-S.); (T.D.); (L.S.); (H.H.)
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Andrea Baessler
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.F.); (C.S.); (A.B.)
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8
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Naureen Z, Miggiano GAD, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Gagliardi L, Zulian A, Romanelli R, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the prescription of diets in support of physical activity. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020011. [PMID: 33170161 PMCID: PMC8023120 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the fields of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics today we can think of devising approaches to optimize health, delay onset of diseases and reduce its severity according to our genetic blue print. However this requires a deep understanding of nutritional impact on expression of genes that may result in a specific phenotype. The extensive research and observational studies during last two decades reporting interactions between genes, diet and physical activity suggest a cross talk between various genetic and environmental factors and lifestyle interventions. Although considerable efforts have been made in unraveling the mechanisms of gene-diet interactions the scientific evidences behind developing commercial genetic tests for providing personalized nutrition recommendations are still scarce. In this scenario the current mini-review aims to provide useful insights into salient feature of nutrition based genetic research and its commercial application and the ethical issue and concerns related to its outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | | | - Barbara Aquilanti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Velluti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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9
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Dietrich S, Jacobs S, Zheng JS, Meidtner K, Schwingshackl L, Schulze MB. Gene-lifestyle interaction on risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1557-1571. [PMID: 31478326 PMCID: PMC8650574 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological influence of gene-lifestyle interactions on the risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently under intensive research. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for gene-lifestyle interactions regarding T2D incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until 31 January 2019 to identify publication with (a) prospective study design; (b) T2D incidence; (c) gene-diet, gene-physical activity, and gene-weight loss intervention interaction; and (d) population who are healthy or prediabetic. Of 66 eligible publications, 28 reported significant interactions. A variety of different genetic variants and dietary factors were studied. Variants at TCF7L2 were most frequently investigated and showed interactions with fiber and whole grain on T2D incidence. Further gene-diet interactions were reported for, eg, a western dietary pattern with a T2D-GRS, fat and carbohydrate with IRS1 rs2943641, and heme iron with variants of HFE. Physical activity showed interaction with HNF1B, IRS1, PPARγ, ADRA2B, SLC2A2, and ABCC8 variants and weight loss interventions with ENPP1, PPARγ, ADIPOR2, ADRA2B, TNFα, and LIPC variants. However, most findings represent single study findings obtained in European ethnicities. Although some interactions have been reported, their conclusiveness is still low, as most findings were not yet replicated across multiple study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Simone Jacobs
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nuthetal, Germany
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10
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Chen Y, Liu H, Wang L, Zhou T, Liang Z, Li W, Shang X, Leng J, Shen Y, Hu G, Qi L. Lifestyle intervention modifies the effect of the MC4R genotype on changes in insulin resistance among women with prior gestational diabetes: Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:750-758. [PMID: 31271198 PMCID: PMC6736191 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been related to an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) genotype has been related to glycemic changes in women with prior GDM. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze whether lifestyle intervention modified the association between the MC4R genotype and changes in insulin sensitivity among women with prior GDM. METHODS We genotyped MC4R rs6567160 and measured glucose and insulin in fasting plasma samples at baseline and during the first 2 follow-up visits in 1128 women with prior GDM. They were randomly assigned to either a 4-y lifestyle intervention involving both diet and physical activity or a control group from a randomized clinical trial, the Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program. We analyzed the interaction between the MC4R genotype and lifestyle intervention on changes in insulin resistance. RESULTS From baseline to 1.28 y, the MC4R genotype was related to changes in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-B) in the intervention group. Each risk allele (C) of rs6567160 was associated with a 0.08-unit greater decrease in log(insulin), log(HOMA-IR), and log(HOMA-B) (P = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively), whereas in the control group, each C allele tended to be associated with a greater increase in HOMA-IR (P = 0.09). We found significant interactions between the MC4R genotype and lifestyle intervention on 1.28-y changes in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (P = 0.006 and 0.008, respectively), and such interaction remained significant when we analyzed the trajectory of changes in insulin and HOMA-IR from baseline to 2.55 y (both P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The exploratory results from the first 2 follow-up visits indicate that women with prior GDM carrying a diabetes-increasing MC4R genotype (CC or TC) may obtain better improvement than the TT genotype in insulin resistance through lifestyle intervention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01554358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Association of SNP rs7181866 in the nuclear respiratory factor-2 beta subunit encoding GABPB1 gene with obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus in South Indian population. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:606-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Tan P, Mitra S, Amini F. Lifestyle Interventions for Weight Control Modified by Genetic Variation: A Review of the Evidence. Public Health Genomics 2019; 21:169-185. [DOI: 10.1159/000499854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Derkach K, Zakharova I, Zorina I, Bakhtyukov A, Romanova I, Bayunova L, Shpakov A. The evidence of metabolic-improving effect of metformin in Ay/a mice with genetically-induced melanocortin obesity and the contribution of hypothalamic mechanisms to this effect. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213779. [PMID: 30870482 PMCID: PMC6417728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In diet-induced obesity, metformin (MF) has weight-lowering effect and improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, there is no information on the efficiency of MF and the mechanisms of its action in melanocortin-type obesity. We studied the effect of the 10-day treatment with MF at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day on the food intake and the metabolic and hormonal parameters in female C57Bl/6J (genotype Ay/a) agouti-mice with melanocortin-type obesity, and the influence of MF on the hypothalamic signaling in obese animals at the most effective metabolic dose (600 mg/kg/day). MF treatment led to a decrease in food intake, the body and fat weights, the plasma levels of glucose, insulin and leptin, all increased in agouti-mice, to an improvement of the lipid profile and glucose sensitivity, and to a reduced fatty liver degeneration. In the hypothalamus of obese agouti-mice, the leptin and insulin content was reduced and the expression of the genes encoding leptin receptor (LepR), MC3- and MC4-melanocortin receptors and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor of anorexigenic melanocortin peptides, was increased. The activities of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and the transcriptional factor STAT3 were increased, while Akt-kinase activity did not change from control C57Bl/6J (a/a) mice. In the hypothalamus of MF-treated agouti-mice (10 days, 600 mg/kg/day), the leptin and insulin content was restored, Akt-kinase activity was increased, and the activities of AMPK and STAT3 were reduced and did not differ from control mice. In the hypothalamus of MF-treated agouti-mice, the Pomc gene expression was six times higher than in control, while the gene expression for orexigenic neuropeptide Y was decreased by 39%. Thus, we first showed that MF treatment leads to an improvement of metabolic parameters and a decrease of hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinaemia in genetically-induced melanocortin obesity, and the specific changes in the hypothalamic signaling makes a significant contribution to this effect of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Derkach
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Zakharova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Inna Zorina
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Bakhtyukov
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Romanova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liubov Bayunova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Shpakov
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Arena R, Ozemek C, Laddu D, Campbell T, Rouleau CR, Standley R, Bond S, Abril EP, Hills AP, Lavie CJ. Applying Precision Medicine to Healthy Living for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2018; 43:448-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Wang T, Xu M, Bi Y, Ning G. Interplay between diet and genetic susceptibility in obesity and related traits. Front Med 2018; 12:601-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Xie F, Chan JCN, Ma RCW. Precision medicine in diabetes prevention, classification and management. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:998-1015. [PMID: 29499103 PMCID: PMC6123056 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major burden of healthcare expenditure. Diabetes management following a uniform treatment algorithm is often associated with progressive treatment failure and development of diabetic complications. Recent advances in our understanding of the genomic architecture of diabetes and its complications have provided the framework for development of precision medicine to personalize diabetes prevention and management. In the present review, we summarized recent advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of diabetes and its complications. From a clinician's perspective, we attempted to provide a balanced perspective on the utility of genomic medicine in the field of diabetes. Using genetic information to guide management of monogenic forms of diabetes represents the best-known examples of genomic medicine for diabetes. Although major strides have been made in genetic research for diabetes, its complications and pharmacogenetics, ongoing efforts are required to translate these findings into practice by incorporating genetic information into a risk prediction model for prioritization of treatment strategies, as well as using multi-omic analyses to discover novel drug targets with companion diagnostics. Further research is also required to ensure the appropriate use of this information to empower individuals and healthcare professionals to make personalized decisions for achieving the optimal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Xie
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
| | - Juliana CN Chan
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and ObesityPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
- CUHK‐SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision MedicinePrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
| | - Ronald CW Ma
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and ObesityPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
- CUHK‐SJTU Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision MedicinePrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong
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Fenwick PH, Jeejeebhoy K, Dhaliwal R, Royall D, Brauer P, Tremblay A, Klein D, Mutch DM. Lifestyle genomics and the metabolic syndrome: A review of genetic variants that influence response to diet and exercise interventions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2028-2039. [PMID: 29400991 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1437022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of risk factors that includes central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose homeostasis and hypertension. Individuals with MetS have elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; thus placing significant burdens on social and healthcare systems. Lifestyle interventions (comprised of diet, exercise or a combination of both) are routinely recommended as the first line of treatment for MetS. Only a proportion of people respond, and it has been assumed that psychological and social aspects primarily account for these differences. However, the etiology of MetS is multifactorial and stems, in part, on a person's genetic make-up. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the various components of MetS, and several of these SNPs have been shown to modify a person's response to lifestyle interventions. Consequently, genetic variants can influence the extent to which a person responds to changes in diet and/or exercise. The goal of this review is to highlight SNPs reported to influence the magnitude of change in body weight, dyslipidemia, glucose homeostasis and blood pressure during lifestyle interventions aimed at improving MetS components. Knowledge regarding these genetic variants and their ability to modulate a person's response will provide additional context for improving the effectiveness of personalized lifestyle interventions that aim to reduce the risks associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peri H Fenwick
- a Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Khursheed Jeejeebhoy
- b Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Physician , St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Dawna Royall
- d Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Paula Brauer
- d Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- e Department of Kinesiology , Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada
| | - Doug Klein
- f Department of Family Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- a Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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18
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Chen X, Huang L, Tan HY, Li H, Wan Y, Cowley M, Veldhuis JD, Chen C. Deficient melanocortin-4 receptor causes abnormal reproductive neuroendocrine profile in female mice. Reproduction 2017; 153:267-276. [PMID: 28003536 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the melanocortin-4-receptor (Mc4r) gene in mice causes hyperphagia, followed by hyperinsulinemia, obesity and progressive infertility. Evidence shows that the number of developed corpora lutea is reduced in obese MC4R-knockout (MC4R KO) female mice, but the mechanism is unclear. The effect of hyperphagia and obesity by MC4R KO on pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and ovulation remains unknown. In MC4R KO mice and wild-type littermates (WT LM) during the diestrus period throughout different ages, we examined and monitored their metabolic status, pulsatile LH profiles, follicular morphology and the number of corpora lutea. MC4R KO mice were hyperphagic, obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and demonstrated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Irregular estrous cycles and significant changes in the LH secretion profiles were observed in sexually matured 16- to 28-week MC4R KO mice, without any difference in testosterone levels. In addition, MC4R KO mice at 16 weeks of age had significantly fewer corpora lutea than same age WT LM mice. The ovary examinations of MC4R KO mice at 28 weeks of age showed predominantly antral and preovulatory follicles with no corpora lutea. These findings were consistent with the decrease in total, pulsatile, mass and basal LH releases in MC4R KO mice. The characteristics of hormone profiles in obese MC4R KO mice indicate that MC4R plays an important role in regulating LH release, ovulation and reproductive ability probably via hyperphagia-induced obesity. Further study of correlation between metabolic and reproductive regulatory hormones is warranted to dissect the pathological mechanism underlying obesity-induced infertility.Free Chinese abstract: A Chinese translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/3/267/suppl/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Endocrinology DepartmentRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hwee Y Tan
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongzhuo Li
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Cowley
- Department of PhysiologyMonash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johannes D Veldhuis
- Endocrine Research UnitMayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Clinical Translational Science Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:943-86. [PMID: 27154742 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In high-, middle- and low-income countries, the rising prevalence of obesity is the underlying cause of numerous health complications and increased mortality. Being a complex and heritable disorder, obesity results from the interplay between genetic susceptibility, epigenetics, metagenomics and the environment. Attempts at understanding the genetic basis of obesity have identified numerous genes associated with syndromic monogenic, non-syndromic monogenic, oligogenic and polygenic obesity. The genetics of leanness are also considered relevant as it mirrors some of obesity's aetiologies. In this report, we summarize ten genetically elucidated obesity syndromes, some of which are involved in ciliary functioning. We comprehensively review 11 monogenic obesity genes identified to date and their role in energy maintenance as part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. With the emergence of genome-wide association studies over the last decade, 227 genetic variants involved in different biological pathways (central nervous system, food sensing and digestion, adipocyte differentiation, insulin signalling, lipid metabolism, muscle and liver biology, gut microbiota) have been associated with polygenic obesity. Advances in obligatory and facilitated epigenetic variation, and gene-environment interaction studies have partly accounted for the missing heritability of obesity and provided additional insight into its aetiology. The role of gut microbiota in obesity pathophysiology, as well as the 12 genes associated with lipodystrophies is discussed. Furthermore, in an attempt to improve future studies and merge the gap between research and clinical practice, we provide suggestions on how high-throughput '-omic' data can be integrated in order to get closer to the new age of personalized medicine.
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Koochakpoor G, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Daneshpour MS, Hosseini SA, Mirmiran P. Effect of interactions of polymorphisms in the Melanocortin-4 receptor gene with dietary factors on the risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1026-34. [PMID: 26666384 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To perform a systematic review of the effect of interaction between Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) single nucleotide polymorphisms and diet on the development of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. BACKGROUND Environmental factors, such as nutrient intakes or feeding behaviours, can modulate the association of polymorphism in the MC4R gene with obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, with a combination of the following keywords: Diet*, nutr*, melanocortin receptor, melanocortin 4 receptor and MC4R. To assess the quality of observational studies, we used a 12-item quality checklist, derived from the STREGA statement. RESULTS A total of 14 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consumption of highly salty foods and adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern can modulate the association between MC4R polymorphisms and the risk of obesity or Type 2 diabetes. Despite the highly contradictory results of intervention studies, after short-term lifestyle interventions, children with variant alleles of MC4R single nucleotide polymorphisms can lose more body weight, compared with non-carriers, although they may have difficulty in maintaining this weight loss in the long-term. To interpret the results of studies on adults, we need further studies. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between MC4R genes with dietary factors plays a significant role in the development of obesity or Type 2 diabetes phenotypes. Early detection of MC4R risk alleles in individuals and modification of their diet based on these results could be an efficient strategy to prevent obesity or diabetes in these subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Koochakpoor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - F Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M S Daneshpour
- Cellular Molecular and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S A Hosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - P Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Centre, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Solas M, Milagro FI, Martínez-Urbistondo D, Ramirez MJ, Martínez JA. Precision Obesity Treatments Including Pharmacogenetic and Nutrigenetic Approaches. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:575-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
In this Perspective, Jose Florez discusses how information from genetics and genomics may be able to contribute to prevention of type 2 diabetes and predicting individual responses to behavioral and other interventions.
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Brain signaling systems in the Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: promising target to treat and prevent these diseases. Future Sci OA 2015; 1:FSO25. [PMID: 28031898 PMCID: PMC5137856 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in the brain signaling systems play an important role in etiology and pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS), being a possible cause of these diseases. Therefore, their restoration at the early stages of T2DM and MS can be regarded as a promising way to treat and prevent these diseases and their complications. The data on the functional state of the brain signaling systems regulated by insulin, IGF-1, leptin, dopamine, serotonin, melanocortins and glucagon-like peptide-1, in T2DM and MS, are analyzed. The pharmacological approaches to restoration of these systems and improvement of insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, and to prevent diabetic complications are discussed.
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Marcovecchio ML, Capanna R, D'Adamo E, Mammarella S, De Lellis L, Chiarelli F, Cama A, Mohn A. Association between rs12970134 Near MC4R and adiposity indexes in a homogenous population of Caucasian schoolchildren. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 82:187-93. [PMID: 25115458 DOI: 10.1159/000365103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess whether previously identified obesity-susceptibility loci were associated with overweight/obesity risk in a homogeneous population of Caucasian schoolchildren and whether these associations varied with age. METHODS Seven hundred and forty-five schoolchildren (353 boys, mean age: 8.3 ± 1.4 years) underwent anthropometric assessments. A saliva sample was collected for DNA extraction and assessment of 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with obesity. RESULTS Only the rs12970134 in the MC4R gene was significantly associated with overweight/obesity risk, with a higher frequency of the AA risk genotype in children with a BMI >85th (8.3%) than in those with a BMI <85th percentile (3.0%), p = 0.001; odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.544 (1.192-1.998), p = 0.001, after adjusting for age, sex and pubertal stage. BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) and waist-to-height ratio (W/Hr) progressively increased across the rs12970134 genotypes (GG vs. AG vs. AA): BMI SDS, p = 0.004; W/Hr, p = 0.009. When dividing the study population into two groups based on the median age of participants (8.3 years), the differences in BMI SDS and W/Hr across the MC4R genotypes persisted only in children older than 8.3 years. CONCLUSIONS In a population of Caucasian schoolchildren, the rs12970134 MC4R variant was significantly associated with excess body weight, particularly in children older than 8 years of age.
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Terranova CO, Brakenridge CL, Lawler SP, Eakin EG, Reeves MM. Effectiveness of lifestyle-based weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:371-8. [PMID: 25523815 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle-based weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A search of the literature from January 2003 to July 2013 was conducted (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science). The studies considered eligible were randomized controlled trials evaluating weight loss interventions (diet and physical activity, with or without behavioural strategies) of ≥12 weeks duration, compared with usual care or another comparison intervention. Ten studies were included for review. Some heterogeneity was present in the sample, therefore, random-effects models were used to calculate pooled effects. RESULTS Intervention duration ranged from 16 weeks to 9 years, with all but one delivered via individual or group face-to-face sessions. From six studies comparing lifestyle intervention with usual care the pooled effect on weight (n = 5795) was -3.33 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) -5.06, -1.60 kg], and on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; n = 5784) was -0.29% (95% CI -0.61, 0.03%), with both attenuated in sensitivity analyses. The pooled within-group effect on weight (n = 3063) from all 10 lifestyle intervention groups was -5.33 kg (95% CI -7.33, -3.34 kg), also attenuated in sensitivity analyses. None of the participant or intervention characteristics examined explained the heterogeneity. Only one study assessed whether intervention effects were maintained after the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle-based weight loss intervention trials in type 2 diabetes achieve, on average, modest reductions in weight and HbA1c levels, but results were heavily influenced by one trial. Evidence-based approaches for improving the effectiveness of lifestyle-based interventions in type 2 diabetes are needed, along with future studies reporting on maintenance and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Terranova
- Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Goni L, Cuervo M, Milagro FI, Martínez JA. Future Perspectives of Personalized Weight Loss Interventions Based on Nutrigenetic, Epigenetic, and Metagenomic Data. J Nutr 2015; 146:905S-912S. [PMID: 26962191 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.218354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As obesity has become a major global public health challenge, a large number of studies have analyzed different strategies aimed at inducing a negative energy balance and, consequently, body weight loss. However, most existing weight loss programs are generally unsuccessful, so several interventions have been carried out to identify physiologic and behavioral factors concerning this variability in order to implement more personalized treatment. Nowadays, an individualized approach is being proposed through so-called personalized nutrition, whereby not only the phenotype but also the genotype is used for customized nutrition treatment. Regarding body weight regulation, ∼70 polymorphisms have been identified in or near genes related to energy expenditure, appetite, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism. Although personalized nutrition refers mainly to genetic makeup, recent advances in the investigation of the epigenome and the microbiome open the door to implement more personalized recommendations for body weight management. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of several epigenetic markers that may modify gene expression and could be involved in the outcome of weight loss interventions. Moreover, different studies have shown that dietary interventions could affect the composition of gut microbiota and have an impact on body weight. The integration of nutrigenetic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may lead to the design of more personalized dietary treatments to prevent chronic diseases and to optimize the individual's response to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a standard measure of chronic glycemia for managing diabetes, has been proposed to diagnose diabetes and identify people at risk. The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a 3.2-year randomized clinical trial of preventing type 2 diabetes with a 10-year follow-up study, the DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS). We evaluated baseline HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and determined the effects of treatments on diabetes defined by an HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We randomized 3,234 nondiabetic adults at high risk of diabetes to placebo, metformin, or intensive lifestyle intervention and followed them for the development of diabetes as diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postload glucose (2hPG) concentrations (1997 American Diabetes Association [ADA] criteria). HbA1c was measured but not used for study eligibility or outcomes. We now evaluate treatment effects in the 2,765 participants who did not have diabetes at baseline according to FPG, 2hPG, or HbA1c (2010 ADA criteria). RESULTS Baseline HbA1c predicted incident diabetes in all treatment groups. Diabetes incidence defined by HbA1c ≥6.5% was reduced by 44% by metformin and 49% by lifestyle during the DPP and by 38% by metformin and 29% by lifestyle throughout follow-up. Unlike the primary DPP and DPPOS findings based on glucose criteria, metformin and lifestyle were similarly effective in preventing diabetes defined by HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c predicted incident diabetes. In contrast to the superiority of the lifestyle intervention on glucose-defined diabetes, metformin and lifestyle interventions had similar effects in preventing HbA1c-defined diabetes. The long-term implications for other health outcomes remain to be determined.
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Wolfarth B, Rankinen T, Hagberg JM, Loos RJF, Pérusse L, Roth SM, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2013. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:851-9. [PMID: 24743105 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most significant and scientifically sound articles in exercise genomics that were published in 2013 are reviewed in this report. No article on the genetic basis of sedentary behavior or physical activity level was identified. A calcineurin- and alpha actinin-2-based mechanism has been identified as the potential molecular basis for the observed lower muscular strength and power in alpha actinin-3-deficient individuals. Although baseline muscle transcriptomic signatures were found to be associated with strength training-induced muscle hypertrophy, no predictive genomic variants could be identified as of yet. One study found no clear evidence that the inverse relation between physical activity level and incident CHD events was influenced by 58 genomic variants clustered into four genetic scores. Lower physical activity level in North American populations may be driving the apparent risk of obesity in fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO)-susceptible individuals compared with more active populations. Two large studies revealed that common genetic variants associated with baseline levels of plasma HDL cholesterol and triglycerides are not clear predictors of changes induced by interventions focused on weight loss, diet, and physical activity behavior. One large study from Japan reported that a higher fitness level attenuated the arterial stiffness-promoting effect of the Ala54 allele at the fatty acid binding protein 2 locus, which is a controversial finding because previous studies have suggested that Thr54 was the risk allele. Using transcriptomics to generate genomic targets in an unbiased manner for subsequent DNA sequence variants studies appears to be a growing trend. Moreover, exercise genomics is rapidly embracing gene and pathway analysis to better define the underlying biology and provide a foundation for the study of human variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wolfarth
- 1Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, GERMANY; 2Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; 3Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; 4The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and 5Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, CANADA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in investigations of dietary factors, genetic factors, and their interactive effects on obesity and weight loss. RECENT FINDINGS Even with a tremendous body of research conducted, controversy still abounds regarding the relative effectiveness of various weight-loss diets. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies have made great strides in unraveling the genetic basis of regulation of body weight. In prospective cohorts, reproducible evidence is emerging to show interactions between genetic factors and dietary factors such as sugar-sweetened beverage on obesity. In randomized clinical trials, individuals' genotypes have also been found to modify diet interventions on weight loss, weight maintenance, and changes in related metabolic traits such as lipids, insulin resistance, and blood pressure. However, replication, functional exploration, and translation of the findings into personalized diet interventions remain the chief challenges. SUMMARY Preliminary but promising data have emerged to lend support to gene-diet interaction in determining weight loss and maintenance; and studies in the area hold great promise to inform future personalized diet interventions on the reduction of obesity and related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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