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Ritter ML, Wagner VA, Balapattabi K, Opichka MA, Lu KT, Wackman KK, Reho JJ, Keen HL, Kwitek AE, Morselli LL, Geurts AM, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Krüppel-like factor 4 in transcriptional control of the three unique isoforms of Agouti-related peptide in mice. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:265-275. [PMID: 38145289 PMCID: PMC10866620 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00042.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP/Agrp) within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contributes to the control of energy balance, and dysregulated Agrp may contribute to metabolic adaptation during prolonged obesity. In mice, three isoforms of Agrp are encoded via distinct first exons. Agrp-A (ENSMUST00000005849.11) contributed 95% of total Agrp in mouse ARC, whereas Agrp-B (ENSMUST00000194654.2) dominated in placenta (73%). Conditional deletion of Klf4 from Agrp-expressing cells (Klf4Agrp-KO mice) reduced Agrp mRNA and increased energy expenditure but had no effects on food intake or the relative abundance of Agrp isoforms in the ARC. Chronic high-fat diet feeding masked these effects of Klf4 deletion, highlighting the context-dependent contribution of KLF4 to Agrp control. In the GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic cell culture model, which expresses all three isoforms of Agrp (including Agrp-C, ENSMUST00000194091.6), inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) simultaneously increased KLF4 binding to the Agrp promoter and stimulated Agrp expression. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Klf4 reduced expression of Agrp. We conclude that the expression of individual isoforms of Agrp in the mouse is dependent upon cell type and that KLF4 directly promotes the transcription of Agrp via a mechanism that is superseded during obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In mice, three distinct isoforms of Agouti-related peptide are encoded via distinct first exons. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, Krüppel-like factor 4 stimulates transcription of the dominant isoform in lean mice, but this mechanism is altered during diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie L Ritter
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Genetics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kirthikaa Balapattabi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Megan A Opichka
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kelsey K Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Henry L Keen
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Akbuğa-Schön T, Suzuki TA, Jakob D, Vu DL, Waters JL, Ley RE. The keystone gut species Christensenella minuta boosts gut microbial biomass and voluntary physical activity in mice. mBio 2024; 15:e0283623. [PMID: 38132571 PMCID: PMC10865807 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02836-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut bacteria of the family Christensenellaceae are consistently associated with metabolic health, but their role in promoting host health is not fully understood. Here, we explored the effect of Christensenella minuta amendment on voluntary physical activity and the gut microbiome. We inoculated male and female germ-free mice with an obese human donor microbiota together with live or heat-killed C. minuta for 28 days and measured physical activity in respirometry cages. Compared to heat-killed, the live-C. minuta treatment resulted in reduced feed efficiency and higher levels of physical activity, with significantly greater distance traveled for males and higher levels of small movements and resting metabolic rate in females. Sex-specific effects of C. minuta treatment may be in part attributable to different housing conditions for males and females. Amendment with live C. minuta boosted gut microbial biomass in both sexes, immobilizing dietary carbon in the microbiome, and mice with high levels of C. minuta lose more energy in stool. Live C. minuta also reduced within and between-host gut microbial diversity. Overall, our results showed that C. minuta acts as a keystone species: despite low relative abundance, it has a large impact on its ecosystem, from the microbiome to host energy homeostasis.IMPORTANCEThe composition of the human gut microbiome is associated with human health. Within the human gut microbiome, the relative abundance of the bacterial family Christensenellaceae has been shown to correlate with metabolic health and a lean body type. The mechanisms underpinning this effect remain unclear. Here, we show that live C. minuta influences host physical activity and metabolic energy expenditure, accompanied by changes in murine metabolism and the gut microbial community in a sex-dependent manner in comparison to heat-killed C. minuta. Importantly, live C. minuta boosts the biomass of the microbiome in the gut, and a higher level of C. minuta is associated with greater loss of energy in stool. These observations indicate that modulation of activity levels and changes to the microbiome are ways in which the Christensenellaceae can influence host energy homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Akbuğa-Schön
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Taichi A. Suzuki
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Jakob
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dai Long Vu
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jillian L. Waters
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth E. Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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McCue MD. CO 2 scrubbing, zero gases, Keeling plots, and a mathematical approach to ameliorate the deleterious effects of ambient CO 2 during 13 C breath testing in humans and animals. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9639. [PMID: 37817343 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
13 C breath testing is increasingly used in physiology and ecology research because of what it reveals about the different fuels that animals oxidize to meet their energetic demands. Here I review the practice of 13 C breath testing in humans and other animals and describe the impact that contamination by ambient/background CO2 in the air can have on the accuracy of 13 C breath measurements. I briefly discuss physical methods to avoid sample contamination as well as the Keeling plot approach that researchers have been using for the past two decades to estimate δ13 C from breath samples mixed with ambient CO2 . Unfortunately, Keeling plots are not suited for 13 C breath testing in common situations where (1) a subject's VCO2 is dynamic, (2) ambient [CO2 ] may change, (3) a subject is sensitive to hypercapnia, or (4) in any flow-through indirect calorimetry system. As such, I present a mathematical solution that addresses these issues by using information about the instantaneous [CO2 ] and the δ13 CO2 of ambient air as well as the diluted breath sample to back-calculate the δ13 CO2 in the CO2 exhaled by the animal. I validate this approach by titrating a sample of 13 C-enriched gas into an air stream and demonstrate its ability to provide accurate values across a wide range of breath and air mixtures. This approach allows researchers to instantaneously calculate the δ13 C of exhaled gas of humans or other animals in real time without having to scrub ambient CO2 or rely on estimated values.
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Wagner VA, Holl KL, Clark KC, Reho JJ, Lehmler HJ, Wang K, Grobe JL, Dwinell MR, Raff H, Kwitek AE. The Power of the Heterogeneous Stock Rat Founder Strains in Modeling Metabolic Disease. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad157. [PMID: 37882530 PMCID: PMC10637104 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are a host of complex conditions, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Endocrine control systems (eg, adrenals, thyroid, gonads) are causally linked to metabolic health outcomes. N/NIH Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats are a genetically heterogeneous outbred population developed for genetic studies of complex traits. Genetic mapping studies in adult HS rats identified loci associated with cardiometabolic risks, such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increased body mass index. This study determined underappreciated metabolic health traits and the associated endocrine glands within available substrains of the HS rat founders. We hypothesize that the genetic diversity of the HS rat founder strains causes a range of endocrine health conditions contributing to the diversity of cardiometabolic disease risks. ACI/EurMcwi, BN/NHsdMcwi, BUF/MnaMcwi, F344/StmMcwi, M520/NRrrcMcwi, and WKY/NCrl rats of both sexes were studied from birth until 13 weeks of age. Birth weight was recorded, body weight was measured weekly, metabolic characteristics were assessed, and blood and tissues were collected. Our data show wide variation in endocrine traits and metabolic health states in ACI, BN, BUF, F344, M520, and WKY rat strains. This is the first report to compare birth weight, resting metabolic rate, endocrine gland weight, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis hormones, and brown adipose tissue weight in these rat strains. Importantly, this work unveils new potential for the HS rat population to model early life adversity and adrenal and thyroid pathophysiology. The HS population likely inherited risk alleles for these strain-specific traits, making the HS rat a powerful model to investigate interventions on endocrine and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Wagner
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Katie L Holl
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Karen C Clark
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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5
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Ziegler AA, Lawton SBR, Grobe CC, Reho JJ, Freudinger BP, Burnett CML, Nakagawa P, Grobe JL, Segar JL. Early-life sodium deprivation programs long-term changes in ingestive behaviors and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R576-R592. [PMID: 37720996 PMCID: PMC10866575 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00137.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal growth failure remains a significant problem for infants born prematurely, despite aggressive efforts to improve perinatal nutrition. Though often dysregulated in early life when children are born preterm, sodium (Na) homeostasis is vital to achieve optimal growth. We hypothesize that insufficient Na supply in this critical period contributes to growth restriction and programmed risks for cardiometabolic disease in later adulthood. Thus, we sought to ascertain the effects of prolonged versus early-life Na depletion on weight gain, body composition, food and water intake behaviors, and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice. In one study, mice were provided a low (0.04%)- or normal/high (0.30%)-Na diet between 3 and 18 wk of age. Na-restricted mice demonstrated delayed growth and elevated basal metabolic rate. In a second study, mice were provided 0.04% or 0.30% Na diet between 3 and 6 wk of age and then returned to standard (0.15%)-Na diet through the end of the study. Na-restricted mice exhibited growth delays that quickly caught up on return to standard diet. Between 6 and 18 wk of age, previously restricted mice exhibited sustained, programmed changes in feeding behaviors, reductions in total food intake, and increases in water intake and aerobic energy expenditure while maintaining normal body composition. Although having no effect in control mice, administration of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium abolished the programmed increase in basal metabolic rate in previously restricted mice. Together these data indicate that early-life Na restriction can cause programmed changes in ingestive behaviors, autonomic function, and energy expenditure that persist well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Ziegler
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Samuel B R Lawton
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bonnie P Freudinger
- Engineering Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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Shen K, Shen D, Jin D, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Wang N, Chen H, Yang L. High-fat diet promotes tumor growth in the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of ER positive endometrial cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16537. [PMID: 37783734 PMCID: PMC10545748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer, one of the common gynecological malignancies, is affected by several influencing factors. This study established a unique patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model for the study of influencing factors in ER positive endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a high-fat diet can affect the growth of ER positive endometrial cancer PDOX model tumors. The tumor tissues were expanded by subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice, and then the subcutaneous tumor tissues were orthotopically implanted into the nude mouse uterus to establish the PDOX model. After modeling, they were divided into high-fat diet group and normal diet group for 8 weeks of feeding, which showed that high-fat diet significantly promoted tumor growth (P < 0.001) and increased the protein expression level of ERα in tumor tissues. This study demonstrates that PDOX models of endometrial cancer can embody the role of dietary influences on tumor growth and that this model has the potential for preclinical studies of cancer promoting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China.
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Munoz MD, Zamudio A, McCann M, Gil V, Xu P, Liew CW. Activation of brown adipose tissue by a low-protein diet ameliorates hyperglycemia in a diabetic lipodystrophy mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11808. [PMID: 37479751 PMCID: PMC10362023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term ad libitum dietary restrictions, such as low-protein diets (LPDs), improve metabolic health and extend the life span of mice and humans. However, most studies conducted thus far have focused on the preventive effects of LPDs on metabolic syndromes. To test the therapeutic potential of LPD, we treated a lipodystrophy mouse model IRFKO (adipose-specific insulin receptor knockout) in this study. We have previously shown that IRFKO mice have profound insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and whitening of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), closely mimicking the phenotypes in lipoatrophic diabetic patients. Here, we demonstrate that 14-day of LPD (5.1% kcal from protein) feeding is sufficient to reduce postprandial blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, and normalize glucose tolerance in the IRFKO mice. This profound metabolic improvement is associated with BAT activation and increase in whole body energy expenditure. To confirm, we showed that surgical denervation of BAT attenuated the beneficial metabolic effects of LPD feeding in IRFKO mice, including the 'browning' effects on BAT and the glucose-ameliorating results. However, BAT denervation failed to affect the body weight-lowering effects of LPD. Together, our results imply a therapeutic potential to use LPD for the treatment of lipoatrophic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos David Munoz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Alexa Zamudio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Maximilian McCann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S Wolcott Ave, RM 2099, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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8
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Munoz M, Zamudio A, McCann M, Gil V, Xu P, Liew CW. Activation of brown adipose tissue by a low-protein diet ameliorates hyperglycemia in a diabetic lipodystrophy mouse model. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2701883. [PMID: 37034803 PMCID: PMC10081364 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2701883/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Long-term ad libitum dietary restrictions, such as low-protein diets (LPDs), improve metabolic health and extend the life span of mice and humans. However, most studies conducted thus far have focused on the preventive effects of LPDs on metabolic syndromes. To test the therapeutic potential of LPD, we treated a lipodystrophy mouse model IR FKO (adipose-specific insulin receptor knockout) in this study. We have previously shown that IR FKO mice have profound insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and whitenng of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), closely mimicking the phenotypes in lipoatrophic diabetic patients. Here, we demonstrate that 14-day of LPD (5.1% kcal from protein) feeding is sufficient to reduce postprandial blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, and normalize glucose tolerance in the IR FKO mice. This profound metabolic improvement is associated with BAT activation and increase in whole body energy expenditure. To confirm, we showed that surgical denervation of BAT attenuated the beneficial metabolic effects of LPD feeding in IR FKO mice, including the 'browning' effects on BAT and the glucose-ameliorating results. However, BAT denervation failed to affect the body weight-lowering effects of LPD. Together, our results imply a therapeutic potential to use LPD for the treatment of lipoatrophic diabetes.
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9
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Oliveira V, Reho JJ, Balapattabi K, Ritter ML, Mathieu NM, Opichka MA, Lu KT, Grobe CC, Silva SD, Wackman KK, Nakagawa P, Segar JL, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II causes dose- and sex-dependent effects on intake behaviors and energy homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R410-R421. [PMID: 35816717 PMCID: PMC9512112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00091.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) within the brain is implicated in the control of fluid and electrolyte balance, autonomic functions, blood pressure, and energy expenditure. Mouse models are increasingly used to explore these mechanisms; however, sex and dose dependencies of effects elicited by chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion have not been carefully established in this species. To examine the interactions among sex, body mass, and ICV ANG II on ingestive behaviors and energy balance, young adult C57BL/6J mice of both sexes were studied in a multiplexed metabolic phenotyping system (Promethion) during chronic infusion of ANG II (0, 5, 20, or 50 ng/h). At these infusion rates, ANG II caused accelerating dose-dependent increases in drinking and total energy expenditure in male mice, but female mice exhibited a complex biphasic response with maximum responses at 5 ng/h. Body mass differences did not account for sex-dependent differences in drinking behavior or total energy expenditure. In contrast, resting metabolic rate was similarly increased by ICV ANG II in a dose-dependent manner in both sexes after correction for body mass. We conclude that chronic ICV ANG II stimulates water intake, resting, and total energy expenditure in male C57BL/6J mice following straightforward accelerating dose-dependent kinetics, but female C57BL/6J mice exhibit complex biphasic responses to ICV ANG II. Furthermore, control of resting metabolic rate by ANG II is dissociable from mechanisms controlling fluid intake and total energy expenditure. Future studies of the sex dependency of ANG II within the brain of mice must be designed to carefully consider the biphasic responses that occur in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - McKenzie L Ritter
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Natalia M Mathieu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Megan A Opichka
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sebastião D Silva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kelsey K Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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10
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Oliveira V, Riedl RA, Claflin KE, Mathieu NM, Ritter ML, Balapattabi K, Wackman KK, Reho JJ, Brozoski DT, Morgan DA, Cui H, Rahmouni K, Burnett CML, Nakagawa P, Sigmund CD, Morselli LL, Grobe JL. Melanocortin MC 4R receptor is required for energy expenditure but not blood pressure effects of angiotensin II within the mouse brain. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:196-205. [PMID: 35476598 PMCID: PMC9131927 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in control of blood pressure (BP), fluid intake, and energy expenditure (EE). Angiotensin II (ANG II) within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus contributes to control of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and thereby EE through its actions on Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which also contribute to EE control by leptin. First, we determined that although leptin stimulates EE in control littermates, mice with transgenic activation of the brain RAS (sRA) exhibit increased EE and leptin has no additive effect to exaggerate EE in these mice. These findings led us to hypothesize that leptin and ANG II in the brain stimulate EE through a shared mechanism. Because AgRP signaling to the melanocortin MC4R receptor contributes to the metabolic effects of leptin, we performed a series of studies examining RMR, fluid intake, and BP responses to ANG II in mice rendered deficient for expression of MC4R via a transcriptional block (Mc4r-TB). These mice were resistant to stimulation of RMR in response to activation of the endogenous brain RAS via chronic deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment, whereas fluid and electrolyte effects remained intact. These mice were also resistant to stimulation of RMR via acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ANG II, whereas BP responses to ICV ANG II remained intact. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the effects of ANG II within the brain to control RMR and EE are dependent on MC4R signaling, whereas fluid homeostasis and BP responses are independent of MC4R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Oliveira
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ruth A. Riedl
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristin E. Claflin
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Natalia M. Mathieu
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - McKenzie L. Ritter
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Kelsey K. Wackman
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J. Reho
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,4Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel T. Brozoski
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Donald A. Morgan
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Huxing Cui
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,5Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,5Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,6Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,7Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,8Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Pablo Nakagawa
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,9Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,9Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,10Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lisa L. Morselli
- 11Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- 1Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,4Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,9Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,10Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,12Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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11
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Patil CN, Ritter ML, Wackman KK, Oliveira V, Balapattabi K, Grobe CC, Brozoski DT, Reho JJ, Nakagawa P, Mouradian GC, Kriegel AJ, Kwitek AE, Hodges MR, Segar JL, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Cardiometabolic effects of DOCA-salt in male C57BL/6J mice are variably dependent on sodium and nonsodium components of diet. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R467-R485. [PMID: 35348007 PMCID: PMC9054347 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00017.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension characterized by low circulating renin activity accounts for roughly 25%-30% of primary hypertension in humans and can be modeled experimentally via deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment. In this model, phenotypes develop in progressive phases, although the timelines and relative contributions of various mechanisms to phenotype development can be distinct between laboratories. To explore interactions among environmental influences such as diet formulation and dietary sodium (Na) content on phenotype development in the DOCA-salt paradigm, we examined an array of cardiometabolic endpoints in young adult male C57BL/6J mice during sham or DOCA-salt treatments when mice were maintained on several common, commercially available laboratory rodent "chow" diets including PicoLab 5L0D (0.39% Na), Envigo 7913 (0.31% Na), Envigo 2920x (0.15% Na), or a customized version of Envigo 2920x (0.4% Na). Energy balance (weight gain, food intake, digestive efficiency, and energy efficiency), fluid and electrolyte homeostasis (fluid intake, Na intake, fecal Na content, hydration, and fluid compartmentalization), renal functions (urine production rate, glomerular filtration rate, urine Na excretion, renal expression of renin, vasopressin receptors, aquaporin-2 and relationships among markers of vasopressin release, aquaporin-2 shedding, and urine osmolality), and blood pressure, all exhibited changes that were subject to interactions between diet and DOCA-salt. Interestingly, some of these phenotypes, including blood pressure and hydration, were dependent on nonsodium dietary components, as Na-matched diets resulted in distinct phenotype development. These findings provide a broad and robust illustration of an environment × treatment interaction that impacts the use and interpretation of a common rodent model of low-renin hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan N Patil
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - McKenzie L Ritter
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kelsey K Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Vanessa Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Connie C Grobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel T Brozoski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gary C Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew R Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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12
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Ziegler AA, Grobe CC, Reho JJ, Jensen ES, Thulin JD, Segar JL, Grobe JL. Short-term Housing in Metabolic Caging on Measures of Energy and Fluid Balance in Male C57BL/6J Mice ( Mus musculus). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:132-139. [PMID: 34996529 PMCID: PMC8956215 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic caging is an important tool for quantitative urine and feces collection in rodents, although significant limitations and problems accompany its use. Despite strong opinions among investigators regarding the effects of metabolic caging on energy and fluid homeostasis, careful quantitative analysis of the impact of this caging type-particularly when used for mice-is lacking. The current study assessed the effects of metabolic caging, with or without modifications such as plastic platform inserts, on ingestive behaviors, energy expenditure, accuracy of urine and fecal collection, and ambulatory activities in male C57BL/6J mice. Housing mice in metabolic cages, regardless of platform inclusion, increased energy expenditure without modifying food intake, presumably due to the inability of mice to perform normal thermoregulatory behaviors (burrowing and huddling). Surprisingly, mice in metabolic cages actively avoided platforms, and the inclusion of platforms modified the behavior of the mice and had position-dependent effects that reduced the accuracy of urine collection. Moving mice from cohousing to individual housing in home cages also increased ingestive behaviors and energy expenditure. We conclude that single housing of male C57BL/6J mice increases energy expenditure, that this increase is potentiated in metabolic caging conditions, and that platforms in metabolic cages alter mouse behavior and urine collection. Additional future work is needed to determine the potential benefits of using higher ambient temperature for studies of mice in metabolic caging and whether the above effects occur in females and other strains of mice and other rodent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Ziegler
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Connie C Grobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Eric S Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Research Office Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Joseph D Thulin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Research Office Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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13
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Reho JJ, Nakagawa P, Mouradian GC, Grobe CC, Saravia FL, Burnett CML, Kwitek AE, Kirby JR, Segar JL, Hodges MR, Sigmund CD, Grobe JL. Methods for the Comprehensive in vivo Analysis of Energy Flux, Fluid Homeostasis, Blood Pressure, and Ventilatory Function in Rodents. Front Physiol 2022; 13:855054. [PMID: 35283781 PMCID: PMC8914175 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.855054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death in the United States, and metabolic diseases such as obesity represent the primary impediment to improving cardiovascular health. Rodent (mouse and rat) models are widely used to model cardiometabolic disease, and as a result, there is increasing interest in the development of accurate and precise methodologies with sufficiently high resolution to dissect mechanisms controlling cardiometabolic physiology in these small organisms. Further, there is great utility in the development of centralized core facilities furnished with high-throughput equipment configurations and staffed with professional content experts to guide investigators and ensure the rigor and reproducibility of experimental endeavors. Here, we outline the array of specialized equipment and approaches that are employed within the Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core (CRMPC) and our collaborating laboratories within the Departments of Physiology, Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), for the detailed mechanistic dissection of cardiometabolic function in mice and rats. We highlight selected methods for the analysis of body composition and fluid compartmentalization, electrolyte accumulation and flux, energy accumulation and flux, physical activity, ingestive behaviors, ventilatory function, blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function, and assessment and manipulation of the gut microbiota. Further, we include discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches for their use with rodent models, and considerations for experimental designs using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gary C. Mouradian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Connie C. Grobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fatima L. Saravia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Colin M. L. Burnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Anne E. Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John R. Kirby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Segar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Justin L. Grobe,
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14
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Cortopassi MD, Ramachandran D, Rubio WB, Hochbaum D, Sabatini BL, Banks AS. Analysis of Thermogenesis Experiments with CalR. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:43-72. [PMID: 35167089 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern indirect calorimetry systems allow for high-frequency time series measurements of the factors affected by thermogenesis: energy intake and energy expenditure. These indirect calorimetry systems generate a flood of raw data recording oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, physical activity, and food intake among other factors. Analysis of these data requires time-consuming manual manipulation for formatting, data cleaning, quality control, and visualization. Beyond data handling, analyses of indirect calorimetry experiments require specialized statistical treatment to account for differential contributions of fat mass and lean mass to metabolic rates.Here we describe how to use the software package CalR version 1.2, to analyze indirect calorimetry data from three examples of thermogenesis, cold exposure, adrenergic agonism, and hyperthyroidism in mice, by providing standardized methods for reproducible research. CalR is a free online tool with an easy-to-use graphical user interface to import data files from the Columbus Instruments' CLAMS, Sable Systems' Promethion, and TSE Systems' PhenoMaster. Once loaded, CalR can quickly visualize experimental results and perform basic statistical analyses. We present a framework that standardizes the data structures and analyses of indirect calorimetry experiments to provide reusable and reproducible methods for the physiological data affecting body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Cortopassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Rubio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Hochbaum
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Mohammad A, Finch MS, Sweezey-Munroe J, MacPherson REK. Voluntary wheel running alters markers of amyloid-beta precursor protein processing in an ovarian hormone depleted model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1069404. [PMID: 36561562 PMCID: PMC9763310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant cleavage of the transmembrane protein, amyloid-beta precursor protein (ABPP), results in the overproduction of amyloid-beta (AB) peptides which can form senile plaques in the brain. These plaques can get lodged within synapses and disrupt neuronal communication ultimately leading to rampant neuron death. The rate-limiting enzyme in AB production is beta-site ABPP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). In females, estrogen loss is associated with increases in AB and BACE1 content and activity. Exercise is known to have anti-amyloidogenic effects and may be able to alter BACE1 in cases of ovarian hormone depletion. This study aimed to examine the effects of physical activity on BACE1 in intact and ovariectomized female mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice (24 weeks old) underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX; n=20) or SHAM surgery (SHAM; n=20). Mice were assigned to one of four groups (n=10/group) for 8 weeks: (1) sham (SHAM), (2) sham with a wheel (SHAM VWR), (3) ovariectomized (OVX), or (4) ovariectomized with a wheel (OVX VWR). RESULTS Novel object recognition testing demonstrated that OVX mice had a lower percentage of novel object investigation time compared to SHAM. OVX mice also had higher prefrontal cortex BACE1 activity compared to SHAM (p<0.0001), while the OVX+VWR activity was not different from SHAM. DISCUSSIONS Our results demonstrate that voluntary wheel running in an ovariectomized model prevented increases in BACE1 activity, maintained memory recall, and may provide a method of slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S. Finch
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Rebecca E. K. MacPherson,
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16
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Xu H, Thomas MJ, Kaul S, Kallinger R, Ouweneel AB, Maruko E, Oussaada SM, Jongejan A, Cense HA, Nieuwdorp M, Serlie MJ, Goldberg IJ, Civelek M, Parks BW, Lusis AJ, Knaack D, Schill RL, May SC, Reho JJ, Grobe JL, Gantner B, Sahoo D, Sorci-Thomas MG. Pcpe2, a Novel Extracellular Matrix Protein, Regulates Adipocyte SR-BI-Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Uptake. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2708-2725. [PMID: 34551590 PMCID: PMC8551036 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of adipocyte Pcpe2 (procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2) in SR-BI (scavenger receptor class BI)-mediated HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) uptake and contributions to adipose lipid storage. Approach and Results Pcpe2, a glycoprotein devoid of intrinsic proteolytic activity, is believed to participate in extracellular protein-protein interactions, supporting SR-BI- mediated HDL-C uptake. In published studies, Pcpe2 deficiency increased the development of atherosclerosis by reducing SR-BI-mediated HDL-C catabolism, but the biological impact of this deficiency on adipocyte SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake is unknown. Differentiated cells from Ldlr-/-/Pcpe2-/- (Pcpe2-/-) mouse adipose tissue showed elevated SR-BI protein levels, but significantly reduced HDL-C uptake compared to Ldlr-/- (control) adipose tissue. SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake was restored by preincubation of cells with exogenous Pcpe2. In diet-fed mice lacking Pcpe2, significant reductions in visceral, subcutaneous, and brown adipose tissue mass were observed, despite elevations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Significant positive correlations exist between adipose mass and Pcpe2 expression in both mice and humans. Conclusions Overall, these findings reveal a novel and unexpected function for Pcpe2 in modulating SR-BI expression and function as it relates to adipose tissue expansion and cholesterol balance in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sushma Kaul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Amber B. Ouweneel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Elisa Maruko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Sabrina M. Oussaada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A. Cense
- Department of Surgery, Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian W. Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Darcy Knaack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca L. Schill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Benjamin Gantner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology & Toxicology and
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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17
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Parker AM, Tate M, Prakoso D, Deo M, Willis AM, Nash DM, Donner DG, Crawford S, Kiriazis H, Granata C, Coughlan MT, De Blasio MJ, Ritchie RH. Characterisation of the Myocardial Mitochondria Structural and Functional Phenotype in a Murine Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672252. [PMID: 34539423 PMCID: PMC8442993 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
People affected by diabetes are at an increased risk of developing heart failure than their non-diabetic counterparts, attributed in part to a distinct cardiac pathology termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a range of diabetic complications and are a common feature of the diabetic heart. In this study, we sought to characterise impairments in mitochondrial structure and function in a recently described experimental mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes was induced in 6-week-old male FVB/N mice by the combination of three consecutive-daily injections of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ, each 55 mg/kg i.p.) and high-fat diet (42% fat from lipids) for 26 weeks. At study end, diabetic mice exhibited elevated blood glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance, together with increases in both body weight gain and fat mass, replicating several aspects of human type 2 diabetes. The myocardial phenotype of diabetic mice included increased myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Elevated LV superoxide levels were also evident. Diabetic mice exhibited a spectrum of LV mitochondrial changes, including decreased mitochondria area, increased levels of mitochondrial complex-III and complex-V protein abundance, and reduced complex-II oxygen consumption. In conclusion, these data suggest that the low-dose STZ-high fat experimental model replicates some of the mitochondrial changes seen in diabetes, and as such, this model may be useful to study treatments that target the mitochondria in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Parker
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darnel Prakoso
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Willis
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Nash
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Crawford
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesare Granata
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Riedl RA, Burnett CML, Pearson NA, Reho JJ, Mokadem M, Edwards RA, Kindel TL, Kirby JR, Grobe JL. Gut Microbiota Represent a Major Thermogenic Biomass. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab019. [PMID: 33939772 PMCID: PMC8055641 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports various roles for microbial metabolites in the control of multiple aspects of host energy flux including feeding behaviors, digestive efficiency, and energy expenditure, but few studies have quantified the energy utilization of the biomass of the gut microbiota itself. Because gut microbiota exist in an anoxic environment, energy flux is expected to be anaerobic; unfortunately, commonly utilized O2/CO2 respirometry-based approaches are unable to detect anaerobic energy flux. To quantify the contribution of the gut microbial biomass to whole-animal energy flux, we examined the effect of surgical reduction of gut biomass in C57BL/6J mice via cecectomy and assessed energy expenditure using methods sensitive to anaerobic flux, including bomb and direct calorimetry. First, we determined that cecectomy caused an acceleration of weight gain over several months due to a reduction in combined total host plus microbial energy expenditure, as reflected by an increase in energy efficiency (ie, weight gained per calorie absorbed). Second, we determined that under general anesthesia, cecectomy caused immediate changes in heat dissipation that were significantly modified by short-term pretreatment with dietary or pharmaceutical interventions known to modify the microbiome, and confirmed that these effects were undetectable by respirometry. We conclude that while the cecum only contributes approximately 1% of body mass in the mouse, this organ contributes roughly 8% of total resting energy expenditure, that this contribution is predominantly anaerobic, and that the composition and abundance of the cecal microbial contents can significantly alter its contribution to energy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Riedl
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin M L Burnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicole A Pearson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology/Proteomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mohamad Mokadem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tammy L Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John R Kirby
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Address correspondence to J.L.G. (e-mail: ), J.R.K. (e-mail: )
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Address correspondence to J.L.G. (e-mail: ), J.R.K. (e-mail: )
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19
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Corrigan JK, Ramachandran D, He Y, Palmer CJ, Jurczak MJ, Chen R, Li B, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Ramsey JJ, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Banks AS. A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice. eLife 2020; 9:e53560. [PMID: 32356724 PMCID: PMC7274785 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy body weight requires an exquisite balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. To understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the regulation of body weight, an important first step is to establish the normal range of metabolic values and primary sources contributing to variability. Energy metabolism is measured by powerful and sensitive indirect calorimetry devices. Analysis of nearly 10,000 wild-type mice from two large-scale experiments revealed that the largest variation in energy expenditure is due to body composition, ambient temperature, and institutional site of experimentation. We also analyze variation in 2329 knockout strains and establish a reference for the magnitude of metabolic changes. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for how best to design and conduct energy balance experiments in rodents. These recommendations will move us closer to the goal of a centralized physiological repository to foster transparency, rigor and reproducibility in metabolic physiology experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Corrigan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yuchen He
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Colin J Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center Energy Balance Working Group
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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20
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Kaiyala KJ. Do Calorimetric Results in Mice Depend on the System Being Used? Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:689. [PMID: 30950585 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Kaiyala
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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