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Xu Q, Guo D, Shi M, Wang Y, Yang P, Jia Y, Sun L, Liu Y, Chang X, He Y, Hui L, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Genetically Determined Plasma Hepatocyte Growth Factor Levels Are Associated With the Risk and Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2024; 55:1535-1542. [PMID: 38572663 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is associated with the risk and prognosis of ischemic stroke, but the causality of these associations remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the associations of genetically determined plasma HGF levels with the risk and prognosis of ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma HGF were selected as genetic instruments based on the data from a genome-wide association study with 21 758 European participants. Summary data about the risk of ischemic stroke were obtained from the MEGASTROKE (Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Stroke) Consortium with 34 217 ischemic stroke cases and 406 111 controls of European ancestry, and summary data about the prognosis of ischemic stroke were obtained from the GISCOME study (Genetics of Ischaemic Stroke Functional Outcome) with 6165 European patients with ischemic stroke. We conducted an inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization analysis followed by a series of sensitivity analyses to evaluate the associations of genetically determined plasma HGF with the risk and prognosis of ischemic stroke. RESULTS The primary analyses showed that genetically determined high HGF was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04-1.19]; P=1.10×10-3) and poor prognosis of ischemic stroke (odds ratio per SD increase, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.76-3.52]; P=6.35×10-8). In the secondary analysis, genetically determined plasma HGF was associated with a high risk of large atherosclerotic stroke (odds ratio per SD increase, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.18-1.63]; P=5.08×10-5) but not small vessel stroke and cardioembolic stroke. Mendelian randomization-Egger regression showed no directional pleiotropy for all associations, and the sensitivity analyses with different Mendelian randomization methods further confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS We found positive associations of genetically determined plasma HGF with the risk and prognosis of ischemic stroke, suggesting that HGF might be implicated in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- School of Nursing (D.G.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Xinyue Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Li Hui
- School of Nursing (D.G.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology (Q.X., M.S., Y.W., P.Y., Y.J., L.S., Y.L., X.C., Y.H., Y.Z., Z.Z.), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
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Ogunmoroti O, Osibogun O, Ferraro RA, Ndunda PM, Larson NB, Decker PA, Bielinski SJ, Blumenthal RS, Budoff MJ, Michos ED. Hepatocyte growth factor is associated with greater risk of extracoronary calcification: results from the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis. Open Heart 2022; 9:e001971. [PMID: 35641100 PMCID: PMC9157354 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-001971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a biomarker with potential for use in the diagnosis, treatment and prognostication of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated HGF is associated with calcification in the coronary arteries. However, knowledge is limited on the role HGF may play in extracoronary calcification (ECC). This study examined whether HGF is associated with ECC in the aortic valve (AVC), mitral annulus (MAC), ascending thoracic aorta and descending thoracic aortic (DTAC). METHODS At baseline, adults aged 45-84 years, free of CVD, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis had HGF and ECC measured by ELISA and cardiac CT scan, respectively. ECC measurements were repeated after an average of 2.4 years of follow-up. Prevalent ECC was defined as Agatston score >0 at baseline. Incident ECC was defined as Agatston score >0 at follow-up among participants with Agatston score=0 at baseline. We used Poisson and linear mixed-effects regression models to estimate the association between HGF and ECC, adjusted for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. RESULTS Of 6648 participants, 53% were women. Mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years. Median (IQR) of HGF was 905 (757-1087) pg/mL. After adjustment for CVD risk factors, the highest HGF levels (tertile 3) were associated with greater prevalence and extent of AVC, MAC and DTAC at baseline compared with the lowest tertile (tertile 1). Additionally, the risk of incident AVC and MAC increased by 62% and 45%, respectively, in demographic-adjusted models. However, the associations were not statistically significant in fully adjusted models. The highest HGF levels were also associated with 10% and 13% increase in MAC and DTAC progression, respectively, even after adjustment for CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION Higher HGF levels were significantly associated with a greater risk of calcification at some extracoronary sites, suggesting an alternate biological pathway that could be targeted to reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Richard A Ferraro
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul M Ndunda
- Division of Cardiology, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicholas B Larson
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suzette J Bielinski
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Madonna R. Angiocrine endothelium: From physiology to atherosclerosis and cardiac repair. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 144:106993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Al-Ahmar I, Mohamed N, Elshony H. Paradoxical role of hepatocyte growth factor in ischemic stroke: stroke risk/stroke recovery. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has an obvious pathological role in atherosclerosis and plaque instability leading to an acute ischemic stroke; however, its beneficial role in stroke recovery is still restricted to experimental studies. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between HGF and carotid atherosclerosis and evaluate its value as a prognostic marker of ischemic stroke and its role in stroke recovery.
Results
This case–control study was done on 100 patients with first time anterior circulation ischemic stroke, subjected to clinical and laboratory evaluation of atherosclerosis risk factors. Brain imaging, cardiac work-up and ultrasonographic assessment of carotid atherosclerosis (using intimal medial thickness and plaque score) were all done. Clinical evaluation of initial stroke severity, using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and stroke outcome after 3 m, using Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), was performed. Measurement of HGF serum concentration was done to all stroke patients within 24 h of stroke onset and compared to results of 100 matched healthy subjects aged more than 50 years. HGF was significantly higher in stroke patients than healthy controls and in atherothrombotic than cardioembolic stroke group and its level was significantly correlated with atherosclerosis risk factors, degree of carotid atherosclerosis and better stroke outcome; however, it was not significantly correlated with initial stroke severity.
Conclusion
HGF is strongly associated with carotid atherosclerosis and other atherosclerosis risk factors and subsequent atherothrombotic stroke. Also, it can be used as a good prognostic marker in atherothrombotic stroke suggesting its role in stroke recovery but more studies are needed to explore this beneficial role as well as its therapeutic potentials in ischemic stroke patients.
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Steenbrugge J, Vander Elst N, Demeyere K, De Wever O, Sanders NN, Van Den Broeck W, Ciamporcero E, Perera T, Meyer E. OMO-1 reduces progression and enhances cisplatin efficacy in a 4T1-based non-c-MET addicted intraductal mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:27. [PMID: 33731699 PMCID: PMC7969607 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET is considered a driver of cancer progression, impacting tumor growth and tumor-supporting stroma. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of OMO-1, a potent and selective c-MET inhibitor, in an immunocompetent intraductal mouse model for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). OMO-1 reduced non-c-MET addicted 4T1 tumor progression dose dependently as monotherapeutic and provided additional disease reduction in combination with cisplatin. At the stromal level, OMO-1 significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration in 4T1 tumors, promoted immune activation, and enhanced cisplatin-mediated reduction of tumor-associated macrophages. OMO-1 treatment also reduced 4T1 tumor hypoxia and increased expression of pericyte markers, indicative for vascular maturation. Corroborating this finding, cisplatin delivery to the 4T1 primary tumor was enhanced upon OMO-1 treatment, increasing cisplatin DNA-adduct levels and tumor cell death. Although verification in additional cell lines is warranted, our findings provide initial evidence that TNBC patients may benefit from OMO-1 treatment, even in cases of non-c-MET addicted tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Yun JH. Hepatocyte growth factor prevents pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy. Microvasc Res 2021; 133:104103. [PMID: 33181170 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a disease that causes blindness due to vascular leakage or abnormal angiogenesis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is increased in the serum or vitreous fluid in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients, although the effect of HGF on the blood vessels remains unclear. This study focused on the effect of HGF on pericyte (PC) survival and endothelial cell (EC) permeability. It was demonstrated that HGF was increased in the diabetic mouse retina. However, HGF prevented PC apoptosis caused by TNF-α, which increased in the diabetic retinas both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, HGF was involved in PC survival by increasing the Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, HGF strengthened the EC tight junction in co-cultures of PCs and ECs by promoting PC survival, thereby reducing EC permeability. These results suggest that HGF may play a role in the prevention of increased vascular leakage by inhibiting the PC loss that occurs in DR to some extent. However, careful HGF reduction in DR might avoid an increase in PC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hyuk Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
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MET Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: From the Bench to the Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101404. [PMID: 31547040 PMCID: PMC6827355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. The different systemic treatment approaches attempted in the last 35 years have not improved overall survival in the advanced stage. Targeted therapies assessed in clinical trials have failed to show efficacy against SCLC. Within the potentially interesting targets, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) pathway activation is associated with worse survival and chemoresistance in SCLC. Preclinical data suggest that the inhibition of the MET pathway can revert chemoresistance and prevent tumor growth. Recently, immunotherapy has shown modest but relevant activity in SCLC. Interestingly, MET modulation seems to be involved in increasing the efficacy of standard checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data of MET inhibition in SCLC, and the role of this pathway in the immune response.
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Lee LL, Chintalgattu V. Pericytes in the Heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:187-210. [PMID: 30937870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells known as pericytes envelop the endothelial layer of microvessels throughout the body and have been described to have tissue-specific functions. Cardiac pericytes are abundantly found in the heart, but they are relatively understudied. Currently, their importance is emerging in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction due to their pleiotropism. They are known to play key roles in vascular tone and vascular integrity as well as angiogenesis. However, their dysfunctional presence and/or absence is critical in the mechanisms that lead to cardiac pathologies such as myocardial infarction, fibrosis, and thrombosis. Moreover, they are targeted as a therapeutic potential due to their mesenchymal properties that could allow them to repair and regenerate a damaged heart. They are also sought after as a cell-based therapy based on their healing potential in preclinical studies of animal models of myocardial infarction. Therefore, recognizing the importance of cardiac pericytes and understanding their biology will lead to new therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Lee
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu Chintalgattu
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Balasubramanian PK, Balupuri A, Bhujbal SP, Cho SJ. 3D-QSAR-aided design of potent c-Met inhibitors using molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2165-2178. [PMID: 30044205 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1479309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is a member of receptor tyrosine kinase. It involves in various cellular signaling pathways which includes proliferation, motility, migration, and invasion. Over-expression of c-Met has been reported in various cancers. Hence, it is an ideal therapeutic target for cancer. The main objective of the study is to identify crucial residues involved in the inhibition of c-Met kinase and to design a series of potent imidazo [4,5-b] pyrazine derivatives as c-Met inhibitors. Docking was used to identify important active site residues involved in the inhibition of c-Met kinase which was further validated by 100 ns of molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation using molecular mechanics generalized born surface area. Furthermore, binding energy decomposition identified that residues Tyr1230, Met1211, Asp1222, Tyr1159, Met1160, Val1092, Ala1108, and Leu1157 contributed favorably to the binding stability of compound 32. Receptor-guided Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) (q2 = 0.751, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.933) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (COMSIA) (q2 = 0.744, NOC = 6, r2 = 0.950) models were generated based on the docked conformation of the most active compound 32. The robustness of these models was tested using various validation techniques and found to be predictive. The results of CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps exposed the regions favorable to enhance the activity. Based on this information, 27 novel c-Met inhibitors were designed. These designed compounds exhibited potent activity than the most active compound of the existing dataset. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra K Balasubramanian
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
| | - Anand Balupuri
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
| | - Swapnil P Bhujbal
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Cellular·Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine , Chosun University , Gwangju 501-759 , Republic of Korea
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Hepatocyte growth factor is associated with progression of atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:162-167. [PMID: 29609131 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has previously been associated with risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that higher circulating HGF is associated with greater progression of measures of atherosclerosis: coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid plaque. METHODS Participants aged 45-84 years from the prospective cohort study Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis had HGF measured at baseline (between 2000 and 2002) and were followed for progression of atherosclerosis for up to 12 years. CAC was measured at all five exams using the Agatston method. Mixed-effects models were used to examine the association of HGF and CAC progression among 6695 participants with available data. Relative risk regression was used to assess the association between HGF and new or additional carotid plaque between exams 1 and 5 in 3400 participants with available data. All point estimates were adjusted for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Each standard deviation higher HGF at baseline was associated with 2.9 Agatston units/year greater CAC progression (95% CI: 1.6-4.2, p < 0.0001), and the magnitude of this association differed by race/ethnicity (p value for interaction by race = 0.003). Each standard deviation higher HGF at baseline was associated with a 4% higher risk of new or additional carotid plaque (95% CI: 1.01-1.08, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of HGF were significantly associated with greater progression of atherosclerosis in this large and diverse population. Circulating HGF continues to show promise as a potential clinical biomarker for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Albanese
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kashif Khan
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca Barratt
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hamood Al-Kindi
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Zhu Z, Xu T, Guo D, Huangfu X, Zhong C, Yang J, Wang A, Chen CS, Peng Y, Xu T, Wang J, Sun Y, Peng H, Li Q, Ju Z, Geng D, Chen J, Zhang Y, He J. Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is Probably Associated With 3-Month Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2018; 49:377-383. [PMID: 29321335 PMCID: PMC5780195 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is positively associated with poor prognosis of heart failure and myocardial infarction, and it can also predict the risk of ischemic stroke in population. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between serum HGF and prognosis of ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 3027 acute ischemic stroke patients were included in this post hoc analysis of the CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke). The primary outcome was composite outcome of death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) within 3 months. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, elevated HGF levels were associated with an increased risk of primary outcome (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.03; Ptrend=0.015) when 2 extreme quartiles were compared. Each SD increase of log-transformed HGF was associated with 14% (95% confidence interval, 2%-27%) increased risk of primary outcome. Adding HGF quartiles to a model containing conventional risk factors improved the predictive power for primary outcome (net reclassification improvement: 17.50%, P<0.001; integrated discrimination index: 0.23%, P=0.022). The association between serum HGF and primary outcome could be modified by heparin pre-treatment (Pinteraction=0.001), and a positive linear dose-response relationship between HGF and primary outcome was observed in patients without heparin pre-treatment (Plinearity<0.001) but not in those with heparin pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Serum HGF levels were higher in the more severe stroke at baseline, and elevated HGF levels were probably associated with 3-month poor prognosis independently of stroke severity among ischemic stroke patients, especially in those without heparin pre-treatment. Further studies from other samples of ischemic stroke patients are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Huangfu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chung-Shiuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yutian County Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qunwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical College, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Ju
- Department of Neurology, Kerqin District First People’s Hospital of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Correspondence: Yonghong Zhang, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China. Tel: +86 512 6588 0078; fax: +86 512 6588 0052; Or Jiang He, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA,Correspondence: Yonghong Zhang, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China. Tel: +86 512 6588 0078; fax: +86 512 6588 0052; Or Jiang He, MD, PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Thewke DP, Kou J, Fulmer ML, Xie Q. The HGF/MET Signaling and Therapeutics in Cancer. CURRENT HUMAN CELL RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7296-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Schrimpf C, Koppen T, Duffield J, Böer U, David S, Ziegler W, Haverich A, Teebken O, Wilhelmi M. TIMP3 is Regulated by Pericytes upon Shear Stress Detection Leading to a Modified Endothelial Cell Response. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017; 54:524-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Kim J, Mirando AC, Popel AS, Green JJ. Gene delivery nanoparticles to modulate angiogenesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:20-43. [PMID: 27913120 PMCID: PMC5449271 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is naturally balanced by many pro- and anti-angiogenic factors while an imbalance of these factors leads to aberrant angiogenesis, which is closely associated with many diseases. Gene therapy has become a promising strategy for the treatment of such a disordered state through the introduction of exogenous nucleic acids that express or silence the target agents, thereby engineering neovascularization in both directions. Numerous non-viral gene delivery nanoparticles have been investigated towards this goal, but their clinical translation has been hampered by issues associated with safety, delivery efficiency, and therapeutic effect. This review summarizes key factors targeted for therapeutic angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis gene therapy, non-viral nanoparticle-mediated approaches to gene delivery, and recent gene therapy applications in pre-clinical and clinical trials for ischemia, tissue regeneration, cancer, and wet age-related macular degeneration. Enhanced nanoparticle design strategies are also proposed to further improve the efficacy of gene delivery nanoparticles to modulate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Adam C Mirando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurosurgery, and Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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16
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Szturz P, Raymond E, Abitbol C, Albert S, de Gramont A, Faivre S. Understanding c-MET signalling in squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 111:39-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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17
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Avolio E, Madeddu P. Discovering cardiac pericyte biology: From physiopathological mechanisms to potential therapeutic applications in ischemic heart disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 86:53-63. [PMID: 27268036 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular pericytes and the more recently discovered adventitial pericyte-like progenitor cells are a subpopulation of vascular stem cells closely associated with small and large blood vessels respectively. These populations of perivascular cells are remarkably abundant in the heart. Pericytes control important physiological processes such as angiogenesis, blood flow and vascular permeability. In the heart, this pleiotropic activity makes pericytes extremely interesting for applications in regenerative medicine. On the other hand, dysfunction of pericytes could participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, such as arterial hypertension, fibro-calcific cardiovascular remodeling, myocardial edema and post-ischemic coronary no-reflow. On a therapeutic standpoint, preclinical studies in small animal models of myocardial infarction have demonstrated the healing potential of pericytes transplantation, which has been ascribed to direct vascular incorporation and paracrine pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic activities. These promising findings open the door to the clinical use of pericytes for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Level 7 Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin St, BS2 8HW Bristol, United Kingdom.
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18
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Finisguerra V, Prenen H, Mazzone M. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of MET functions in cancer cells and in the tumor stroma. Oncogene 2016; 35:5457-5467. [PMID: 26996670 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A lot of attention has been dedicated to investigate the role of the tyrosine kinase receptor MET in tumors. The acquired notion that cancer cells from different histological origin strictly rely on the engagement of this specific oncogene for their growth and survival has certainly justified the development and the use of MET-targeted therapies in the clinic. However, the function and involvement of this pathway in the stroma (that often constitutes >50% of the global cellularity of the tumor) may offer the opportunity to conceive new patient stratification criteria, rational drug design and guided trials of new combination treatments. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the role of MET in cancer cells but especially in different stromal compartments, in light of the results showed by past and recent preclinical and clinical trials with anti-MET drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Finisguerra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Prenen
- Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Mazzone
- Lab of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Lab of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Ivanova EA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Intimal pericytes as the second line of immune defence in atherosclerosis. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:583-93. [PMID: 26516412 PMCID: PMC4620069 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i10.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis. The initiation and growth of atherosclerotic plaques is accompanied by recruitment of inflammatory and precursor cells from the bloodstream and their differentiation towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes. This process is orchestrated by the production of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Human arterial intima consists of structurally distinct leaflets, with a proteoglycan-rich layer lying immediately below the endothelial lining. Recent studies reveal the important role of stellate pericyte-like cells (intimal pericytes) populating the proteoglycan-rich layer in the development of atherosclerosis. During the pathologic process, intimal pericytes may participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells by producing signalling molecules and play a role in the antigen presentation. Intimal pericytes are also involved in lipid accumulation and the formation of foam cells. This review focuses on the role of pericyte-like cells in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Ivanova
- Ekaterina A Ivanova, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Ekaterina A Ivanova, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Ekaterina A Ivanova, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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MET is required for the recruitment of anti-tumoural neutrophils. Nature 2015; 522:349-53. [PMID: 25985180 PMCID: PMC4594765 DOI: 10.1038/nature14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations or amplification of the MET proto-oncogene are involved in the pathogenesis of several tumours1-4, which rely on the constitutive engagement of this pathway for their growth and survival1,5. However, MET is expressed not only by cancer cells but also by tumour-associated stromal cells although its precise role in this compartment is not well characterized6-11. Here, we show that MET is required for neutrophil chemoattraction and cytotoxicity in response to its ligand HGF. Met deletion in neutrophils enhances tumour growth and metastasis. This phenotype correlates with reduced neutrophil infiltration to both primary tumour and metastatic site. Similarly, Met is necessary for neutrophil transudation during colitis, skin rash or peritonitis. Mechanistically, Met is induced by tumour-derived TNF-α or other inflammatory stimuli in both mouse and human neutrophils. This induction is instrumental for neutrophil transmigration across an activated endothelium and iNOS production upon HGF stimulation. Consequently, HGF/MET-dependent nitric oxide release by neutrophils promotes cancer cell killing, which abates tumour growth and metastasis. Following systemic administration of a MET kinase inhibitor, we prove that the therapeutic benefit of MET targeting in cancer cells is partly countered by the pro-tumoural effect rising from MET blockade in neutrophils. Our work identifies an unprecedented role of MET in neutrophils, suggests a potential “Achilles’ heel” of MET-targeted therapies in cancer, and supports the rationale for evaluating anti-MET drugs in certain inflammatory diseases.
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Ferrucci A, Moschetta M, Frassanito MA, Berardi S, Catacchio I, Ria R, Racanelli V, Caivano A, Solimando AG, Vergara D, Maffia M, Latorre D, Rizzello A, Zito A, Ditonno P, Maiorano E, Ribatti D, Vacca A. A HGF/cMET autocrine loop is operative in multiple myeloma bone marrow endothelial cells and may represent a novel therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5796-807. [PMID: 25212607 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the angiogenic role of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMET pathway and its inhibition in bone marrow endothelial cells (EC) from patients with multiple myeloma versus from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or benign anemia (control group). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The HGF/cMET pathway was evaluated in ECs from patients with multiple myeloma (multiple myeloma ECs) at diagnosis, at relapse after bortezomib- or lenalidomide-based therapies, or on refractory phase to these drugs; in ECs from patients with MGUS (MGECs); and in those patients from the control group. The effects of a selective cMET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (SU11274) on multiple myeloma ECs' angiogenic activities were studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Multiple myeloma ECs express more HGF, cMET, and activated cMET (phospho (p)-cMET) at both RNA and protein levels versus MGECs and control ECs. Multiple myeloma ECs are able to maintain the HGF/cMET pathway activation in absence of external stimulation, whereas treatment with anti-HGF and anti-cMET neutralizing antibodies (Ab) is able to inhibit cMET activation. The cMET pathway regulates several multiple myeloma EC activities, including chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, spreading, and whole angiogenesis. Its inhibition by SU11274 impairs these activities in a statistically significant fashion when combined with bortezomib or lenalidomide, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS An autocrine HGF/cMET loop sustains multiple myeloma angiogenesis and represents an appealing new target to potentiate the antiangiogenic management of patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ferrucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Berardi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivana Catacchio
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Dominga Latorre
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonia Rizzello
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alfredo Zito
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, and National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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22
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Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV, Chistiakov DA. The complexity of cell composition of the intima of large arteries: focus on pericyte-like cells. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:438-51. [PMID: 25016615 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes, which are also known as Rouget cells or perivascular cells, are considered to represent a likely distinct pool of vascular cells that are extremely branched and located mostly in the periphery of the vascular system. The family of pericytes is a heterogeneous cell population that includes pericytes and pericyte-like cells. Accumulated data indicate that networks of pericyte-like cells exist in normal non-atherosclerotic intima, and that pericyte-like cells can be involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions from the very early stages of disease. The pathogenic role of arterial pericytes and pericyte-like cells also might be important in advanced and complicated atherosclerotic lesions via realizing mechanisms of vascular remodelling, ectopic ossification, intraplaque neovascularization, and probably thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Siegel-Axel DI, Ullrich S, Stefan N, Rittig K, Gerst F, Klingler C, Schmidt U, Schreiner B, Randrianarisoa E, Schaller HE, Stock UA, Weigert C, Königsrainer A, Häring HU. Fetuin-A influences vascular cell growth and production of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins by human perivascular fat cells. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1057-66. [PMID: 24493202 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Fetuin-A (alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein), a liver-derived circulating glycoprotein, contributes to lipid disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In a previous study we found that perivascular fat cells (PVFCs) have a higher angiogenic potential than other fat cell types. The aim was to examine whether fetuin-A influences PVFC and vascular cell growth and the expression and secretion of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins, and whether TLR4-independent pathways are involved. METHODS Mono- and co-cultures of human PVFCs and endothelial cells were treated with fetuin-A and/or palmitate for 6-72 h. Proteins were quantified by ELISA and Luminex, mRNA expression by real-time PCR, and cell growth by BrDU-ELISA. Some PVFCs were preincubated with a nuclear factor κB NFκBp65 inhibitor, or the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor CLI-095, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitors and/or stimulated with insulin. Intracellular forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), NFκBp65 and inhibitor of κB kinase β (IKKβ) localisation was visualised by immunostaining. RESULTS PVFCs expressed and secreted IL-6, IL-8, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PLGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Fetuin-A upregulated IL-6 and IL-8, and this was potentiated by palmitate and blocked by CLI-095. Immunostaining and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed partial NFκBp65 activation. MCP-1 was upregulated and blocked by CLI-095, but not by palmitate. However, HGF was downregulated, which was slightly potentiated by palmitate. This effect persisted after TLR4 pathway blockade. Stimulation of insulin-PI3K-Akt signalling by insulin resulted in nuclear FoxO1 extrusion and HGF upregulation. Fetuin-A counteracted these insulin effects. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Fetuin-A and/or palmitate influence the expression of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins only partially via TLR4 signalling. HGF downregulation seems to be mediated by interference with the insulin-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. Fetuin-A may also influence angiogenic and proinflammatory proteins involved in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea I Siegel-Axel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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Third trimester NG2-positive amniotic fluid cells are effective in improving repair in spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2014; 254:121-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Pérez-Vargas JCS, Biondani P, Maggi C, Gariboldi M, Gloghini A, Inno A, Volpi CC, Gualeni AV, di Bartolomeo M, de Braud F, Castano A, Bossi I, Pietrantonio F. Role of cMET in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18056-77. [PMID: 24005867 PMCID: PMC3794769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is a member of a distinct subfamily of heterodimeric receptor tyrosine kinase receptors that specifically binds the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Binding to HGF leads to receptor dimerization/multimerization and phosphorylation, resulting in its catalytic activation. MET activation drives the malignant progression of several tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC), by promoting signaling cascades that mainly result in alterations of cell motility, survival, and proliferation. MET is aberrantly activated in many human cancers through various mechanisms, including point mutations, gene amplification, transcriptional up-regulation, or ligand autocrine loops. MET promotes cell scattering, invasion, and protection from apoptosis, thereby acting as an adjuvant pro-metastatic gene for many tumor types. In CRC, MET expression confers more aggressiveness and worse clinical prognosis. With all of this rationale, inhibitors that target the HGF/MET axis with different types of response have been developed. HGF and MET are new promising targets to understand the pathogenesis of CRC and for the development of new, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Biondani
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (P.B.); (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Claudia Maggi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (P.B.); (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mail:
- FIRC Institute of Molecolar Oncology Foundation (IFOM), 1-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (A.G.); (C.C.V.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Alessandro Inno
- Medical Oncology, Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar (Verona), Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Chiara Costanza Volpi
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (A.G.); (C.C.V.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Ambra Vittoria Gualeni
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (A.G.); (C.C.V.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Maria di Bartolomeo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (P.B.); (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (P.B.); (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Alessandra Castano
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (P.B.); (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilaria Bossi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (P.B.); (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.B.)
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mails: (P.B.); (C.M.); (M.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.); (I.B.)
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Tomson PL, Lumley PJ, Alexander MY, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. Hepatocyte growth factor is sequestered in dentine matrix and promotes regeneration-associated events in dental pulp cells. Cytokine 2013; 61:622-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Boyd NL, Nunes SS, Krishnan L, Jokinen JD, Ramakrishnan VM, Bugg AR, Hoying JB. Dissecting the role of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells in human umbilical vein endothelial cell network stabilization in three-dimensional environments. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:211-23. [PMID: 22971005 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microvasculature is principally composed of two cell types: endothelium and mural support cells. Multiple sources are available for human endothelial cells (ECs) but sources for human microvascular mural cells (MCs) are limited. We derived multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells (hES-MC) that can function as an MC and stabilize human EC networks in three-dimensional (3D) collagen-fibronectin culture by paracrine mechanisms. Here, we have investigated the basis for hES-MC-mediated stabilization and identified the pleiotropic growth factor hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) as a putative hES-MC-derived regulator of EC network stabilization in 3D in vitro culture. Pharmacological inhibition of the HGF receptor (Met) (1 μm SU11274) inhibits EC network formation in the presence of hES-MC. hES-MC produce and release HGF while human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) do not. When HUVEC are cultured alone the networks collapse, but in the presence of recombinant human HGF or conditioned media from human HGF-transduced cells significantly more networks persist. In addition, HUVEC transduced to constitutively express human HGF also form stable networks by autocrine mechanisms. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the coculture media were enriched in both angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), but at significantly different levels (Ang1=159±15 pg/mL vs. Ang2=30,867±2685 pg/mL) contributed by hES-MC and HUVEC, respectively. Although the coculture cells formed stabile network architectures, their morphology suggests the assembly of an immature plexus. When HUVEC and hES-MC were implanted subcutaneously in immune compromised Rag1 mice, hES-MC increased their contact with HUVEC along the axis of the vessel. This data suggests that HUVEC and hES-MC form an immature plexus mediated in part by HGF and angiopoietins that is capable of maturation under the correct environmental conditions (e.g., in vivo). Therefore, hES-MC can function as microvascular MCs and may be a useful cell source for testing EC-MC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan L Boyd
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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Ishido M, Kasuga N. In Vivo Real-Time Imaging of Exogenous HGF-Triggered Cell Migration in Rat Intact Soleus Muscles. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:193-9. [PMID: 22829713 PMCID: PMC3395305 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of myogenic cells is a potentially effective therapy for muscular dystrophy. However, this therapy has achieved little success because the diffusion of transplanted myogenic cells is limited. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is one of the primary triggers to induce myogenic cell migration in vitro. However, to our knowledge, whether exogenous HGF can trigger the migration of myogenic cells (i.e. satellite cells) in intact skeletal muscles in vivo has not been reported. We previously reported a novel in vivo real-time imaging method in rat skeletal muscles. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between exogenous HGF treatment and cell migration in rat intact soleus muscles using this imaging method. As a result, it was indicated that the cell migration velocity was enhanced in response to increasing exogenous HGF concentration in skeletal muscles. Furthermore, the expression of MyoD was induced in satellite cells in response to HGF treatment. We first demonstrated in vivo real-time imaging of cell migration triggered by exogenous HGF in intact soleus muscles. The experimental method used in the present study will be a useful tool to understand further the regulatory mechanism of HGF-induced satellite cell migration in skeletal muscles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minenori Ishido
- Faculty of Education, Creative Arts and Sciences, Aichi University of Education
- Faculty of Education, Creative Arts and Sciences, Aichi University of Education
| | - Norikatsu Kasuga
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Aichi University of Education
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Aichi University of Education
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Rittig K, Dolderer JH, Balletshofer B, Machann J, Schick F, Meile T, Küper M, Stock UA, Staiger H, Machicao F, Schaller HE, Königsrainer A, Häring HU, Siegel-Axel DI. The secretion pattern of perivascular fat cells is different from that of subcutaneous and visceral fat cells. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1514-25. [PMID: 22327346 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously found that the mass of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) correlates negatively with insulin sensitivity and post-ischaemic increase in blood flow. To understand how PVAT communicates with vascular vessels, interactions between perivascular, subcutaneous and visceral fat cells with endothelial cells (ECs) were examined with regard to inflammatory, metabolic and angiogenic proteins. To test for possible in vivo relevance of these findings, circulating levels of the predominant secretion product, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was measured in individuals carefully phenotyped for fat distribution patterns. METHODS Mono- and co-cultures of human primary fat cells with ECs were performed. mRNA expression and protein production were studied using Luminex, cytokine array, RealTime Ready and ELISA systems. Effects of HGF on vascular cells were determined by WST assays. In patients, HGF levels were measured by ELISA, and the mass of different fat compartments was determined by whole-body MRI. RESULTS In contrast with other fat cell types, PVAT cells released higher amounts of angiogenic factors, e.g. HGF, acidic fibroblast growth factor, thrombospondin-1, serpin-E1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein -3. Cocultures showed different expression profiles from monocultures, and mature adipocytes differed from pre-adipocytes. HGF was preferentially released by PVAT cells and stimulated EC growth and smooth muscle cell cytokine release. Finally, in 95 patients, only PVAT, not visceral or subcutaneous mass, correlated independently with serum HGF levels (p = 0.03; r = 0.225). CONCLUSIONS Perivascular (pre-)adipocytes differ substantially from other fat cells with regard to mRNA expression and protein production of angiogenic factors. This may contribute to fat tissue growth and atherosclerotic plaque complications. Higher levels of angiogenic factors, such as HGF, in patients with increased perivascular fat mass may have pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rittig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Lönn J, Starkhammar Johansson C, Kälvegren H, Brudin L, Skoglund C, Garvin P, Särndahl E, Ravald N, Richter A, Bengtsson T, Nayeri F. Hepatocyte growth factor in patients with coronary artery disease and its relation to periodontal condition. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 2:7-12. [PMID: 24371561 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an angiogenic, cardioprotective factor important for tissue and vascular repair. High levels of HGF are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontitis, and are suggested as a marker of the ongoing atherosclerotic event in patients with CAD. Periodontal disease is more prevalent among patients with CAD than among healthy people. Recent studies indicate a reduced biological activity of HGF in different chronic inflammatory conditions. Biologically active HGF has high affinity to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on cell-membrane and extracellular matrix. The aim of the study was to investigate the serum concentration and the biological activity of HGF with ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively, before and at various time points after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with CAD, and to examine the relationship with periodontal condition. The periodontal status of the CAD patients was examined, and the presence of P. gingivalis in periodontal pockets was analyzed with PCR. The HGF concentration was significantly higher, at all time-points, in patients with CAD compared to the age-matched controls (P< 0.001), but was independent of periodontal status. The HGF concentration and the affinity to HSPG adversely fluctuated over time, and the biological activity increased one month after intervention in patients without periodontitis. We conclude that elevated concentration of HGF but with reduced biological activity might indicate a chronic inflammatory profile in patients with CAD and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lönn
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden ; PEAS Institute, Linköping, Sweden
| | - C Starkhammar Johansson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Centre for Oral Rehabilitation, Public Dental Health Care, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Kälvegren
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics, Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - L Brudin
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - C Skoglund
- Department of Medical and Health and Sciences, Division of Drug Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Division of Molecular Physics and Nanoscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Garvin
- Division of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - E Särndahl
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden ; Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden
| | - N Ravald
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Centre for Oral Rehabilitation, Public Dental Health Care, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Richter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - T Bengtsson
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - F Nayeri
- PEAS Institute, Linköping, Sweden ; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
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Liu Y, Wang T, Yan J, Jiagbogu N, Heideman DA, Canfield AE, Alexander MY. HGF/c-Met signalling promotes Notch3 activation and human vascular smooth muscle cell osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:440-7. [PMID: 21920521 PMCID: PMC3925803 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular calcification is a major clinical problem and elucidating the underlying mechanism is important to improve the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to elucidate the role and mechanism of action of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/c-Met signalling in vascular calcification and establish whether blocking this pathway could prevent mineralisation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate increased HGF secretion and c-Met up-regulation and phosphorylation during VSMC osteogenic differentiation. Adenoviral-mediated over-expression of HGF (AdHGF) in VSMCs accelerated mineralisation, shown by alizarin red staining, and significantly increased (45)Calcium incorporation (1.96 ± 0.54-fold [P < 0.05]) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (3.01 ± 0.8-fold [P < 0.05]) compared to controls. AdHGF also significantly elevated mRNA expression of bone-related proteins, Runx2, osteocalcin, BMP2 and osterix in VSMCs. AdHGF-accelerated mineralisation correlated with increased Akt phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of Notch3 intracellular domain (N3IC) and up-regulation of the Notch3 target protein, HES1. In contrast, adenoviral-mediated over-expression of the HGF antagonist, NK4, markedly attenuated VSMC mineralisation, and reduced c-Met phosphorylation, Akt activation and HES1 protein expression compared to AdHGF-treated cells. Furthermore, the Notch inhibitor, DAPT, attenuated N3IC nuclear translocation and AdHGF-induced mineralisation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate HGF induces VSMC osteogenic differentiation via c-Met/Akt/Notch3 signalling, highlighting these pathways as potential targets for intervention of vascular calcification.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Genetic Vectors
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch3
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sp7 Transcription Factor
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factor HES-1
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- Medical Genetics Research Group, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Naomi Jiagbogu
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ann E. Canfield
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, UK
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Sala V, Crepaldi T. Novel therapy for myocardial infarction: can HGF/Met be beneficial? Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1703-17. [PMID: 21327916 PMCID: PMC11114731 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of hospitalization worldwide. A recently developed strategy to improve the management of MI is based on the use of growth factors which are able to enhance the intrinsic capacity of the heart to repair itself or regenerate after damage. Among others, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been proposed as a modulator of cardiac repair of damage due to the pleiotropic effects elicited by Met receptor stimulation. In this review we describe the mechanistic basis for autocrine and paracrine protection of HGF in the injured heart. We also analyse the role of HGF/Met in stem cell maintenance and in stem cell therapies for MI. Finally, we summarize the most significant results on the use of HGF in experimental models of heart injury and discuss the potential of the molecule for treating ischaemic heart disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Sala
- Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D’Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - T. Crepaldi
- Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Massimo D’Azeglio 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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33
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Wykrzykowska JJ, Garcia-Garcia HM, Goedhart D, Zalewski A, Serruys PW. Differential protein biomarker expression and their time-course in patients with a spectrum of stable and unstable coronary syndromes in the Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study-1 (IBIS-1). Int J Cardiol 2011; 149:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mogensen C, Bergner B, Wallner S, Ritter A, d'Avis S, Ninichuk V, Kameritsch P, Gloe T, Nagel W, Pohl U. Isolation and functional characterization of pericytes derived from hamster skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 201:413-26. [PMID: 20969729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM At the interface of tissue and capillaries, pericytes (PC) may generate electrical signals to be conducted along the skeletal muscle vascular network, but they are functionally not well characterized. We aimed to isolate and cultivate muscle PC allowing to analyse functional properties considered important for signal generation and conduction. METHODS Pericytes were enzymatically isolated from hamster thigh muscles and further selected during a 16-30 days' cultivation period. PC markers were studied by fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) and immunocytochemistry. Electrical properties of the cultured PC were investigated by patch clamp technique as well as the membrane potential sensitive dye DiBAC(4) (3). RESULTS The cultured cells showed typical PC morphology and were positive for NG2, alpha smooth muscle actin, PDGFR-β and the gap junction protein Cx43. Expressions of at least one single or combinations of several markers were found in 80-90% of subpopulations. A subset of the patched cells expressed channel activities consistent with a Kv1.5 channel. In vivo presence of the channels was confirmed in sections of hamster thigh muscles. Interleukin-8, a myokine known to be released from exercising muscle, increased the expression but not the activity of this channel. Pharmacologic stimulation of the channel activity by flufenamic acid induced hyperpolarization of PC alone but not of endothelial cells [human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)] alone. However, hyperpolarization was observed in HUVEC adjacent to PC when kept in co-culture. CONCLUSION We established a culture method for PC from skeletal muscle. A first functional characterization revealed properties which potentially enable these cells to generate hyperpolarizing signals and to communicate them to endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mogensen
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Dussaule JC, Guerrot D, Huby AC, Chadjichristos C, Shweke N, Boffa JJ, Chatziantoniou C. The role of cell plasticity in progression and reversal of renal fibrosis. Int J Exp Pathol 2011; 92:151-7. [PMID: 21314743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2011.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for novel insights into the mechanisms of progression of renal disease has become urgent during the last several years because of the increasing incidence of chronic renal disease worldwide. Independent of the underlying disease, the subsequent progression of renal fibrosis is characterized mainly by both an exaggerated synthesis and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins produced by mesenchymal cells within the kidney. These cells are mainly myofibroblasts deriving from a variety of renal cells such as vascular smooth muscle, mesangial, resident stem, tubular epithelial, vascular endothelial cells or pericytes. The appearance of myofibroblasts is a reversible process, as suggested by studies in experimental models showing regression of renal fibrosis during therapy with antagonists and/or blockers of the renin-angiotensin system. An additional factor that can also affect the mechanisms of progression/regression of fibrosis is the plasticity of podocytes controlling glomerular filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Dussaule
- Inserm UMR 702, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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36
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Rajpathak SN, Wang T, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Strickler HD, Kaplan RC, McGinn AP, Wildman RP, Rosenbaum D, Rohan TE, Scherer PE, Cushman M, Ho GYF. Hepatocyte growth factor and the risk of ischemic stroke developing among postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Stroke 2010; 41:857-62. [PMID: 20203323 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.109.567719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent angiogenic factor and may play a role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions, the underlying mechanism of cardiovascular disease. However, there have been no prospective studies examining the relationship between HGF levels and risk of stroke. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study (972 incident stroke cases and 1:1 age-matched and race-matched controls) to prospectively evaluate the association between plasma HGF and risk of ischemic stroke within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a cohort of postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years. RESULTS Baseline HGF levels were correlated positively with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, and inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P<0.05). Baseline HGF levels were higher among cases than controls (geometric means, 601.8 vs 523.2 pg/mL; P=0.003). Furthermore, the risk of incident ischemic stroke was significantly greater among women in the highest vs lowest quartile of plasma HGF levels (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12-1.91; P(trend)=0.003) in a conditional logistic regression model that adjusted for body mass index. These results were only slightly attenuated after further adjustment for additional stroke risk factors (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.85; P(trend)=0.023). CONCLUSIONS Circulating levels of HGF are associated with an increased risk of incident ischemic stroke, independent of obesity and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, among postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N Rajpathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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A comparative study of carotid atherosclerotic plaque microvessel density and angiogenic growth factor expression in symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39:388-95. [PMID: 20122857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A challenge facing clinicians is identifying patients with asymptomatic carotid disease at risk of plaque instability. We hypothesise that locally released angiogenic growth factors contribute to plaque instability. METHODS Carotid endarterectomy specimens from eight symptomatic and eight asymptomatic patients were interrogated for microvessel density and angiogenic growth factor expression histologically using immunofluorescence, and biochemically using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). Bio-Plex suspension array was used to assess circulating biomarkers in venous blood from the same patients and six healthy age-matched controls. RESULTS Immunofluorescence demonstrated significantly greater neovessel density in symptomatic plaques (P=0.010) with elevated expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (P=0.001) and its receptor MET (P=0.011) than in asymptomatic plaques. The q-RT-PCR demonstrated up-regulation of Endoglin (CD105), HGF (P=0.001) and MET (P=0.011) in the plaques of symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. Bio-Plex suspension array demonstrated elevated HGF (P=0.002) serum levels in symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients and healthy controls, and decreased platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (P=0.036) serum levels in symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION Plaque instability may be mediated by HGF-induced formation of new microvessels, and decreased vessel stability resulting from decreased PDGF. Suspension array technology has the potential to identify circulating biomarkers that correlate with plaque rupture risk.
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Yamamoto Y, Matsuura T, Narazaki G, Sugitani M, Tanaka K, Maeda A, Shiota G, Sato K, Yoshida A, Hisatome I. Synergistic effects of autologous cell and hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy for neovascularization in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H1329-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00321.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autologous cell implantation and angiogenic gene therapy have been evaluated in critical limb ischemic patients. Here, we compared the features of these strategies individually and in combination. C57BL/6J mice with ischemic hindlimbs were injected with adherent mononuclear cells (aMNCs) from bone marrow or adenovirus encoding the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene (Ad-HGF). Under comparable angiogenic conditions, 10 × 105 aMNCs produced significantly higher amounts of VEGF and FGF-2 and stimulated the number of arterioles in ischemic muscle compared with 1 × 108 plaque-forming units (pfu) of Ad-HGF. Ad-HGF produced 10 times more HGF in ischemic muscle compared with aMNCs. Injection of 0.3 × 105 aMNCs previously transfected with Ad-HGF (aMNC/Ad-HGF) increased blood flow and elevated the numbers of capillaries and arterioles to levels comparable with that seen with 10 × 105 aMNCs or 1 × 108 pfu of Ad-HGF. Hypoxic conditions induced the apoptotic death of aMNCs. However, coincubation with HGF or aMNC/Ad-HGF protected cells against apoptosis. HGF stimulated the migration of aMNCs, and the migration capacity of the aMNC/Ad-HGF group was significantly higher than that in the aMNC/Ad-LacZ group. In conclusion, cell-based HGF gene therapy decreased the number of cells required for neovascularization. This strategy can be an effective angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
| | - Takashi Matsuura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
| | - Genta Narazaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
| | - Miyoko Sugitani
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
| | - Kohei Tanaka
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sato
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Akio Yoshida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
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Thin-walled microvessels in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques show incomplete endothelial junctions relevance of compromised structural integrity for intraplaque microvascular leakage. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:1517-27. [PMID: 19389562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine the ultrastructure of microvessels in normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries and its association with plaque phenotype. BACKGROUND Microvessels in atherosclerotic plaques are an entry point for inflammatory and red blood cells; yet, there are limited data on the ultrastructural integrity of microvessels in human atherosclerosis. METHODS Microvessel density (MVD) and ultrastructural morphology were determined in the adventitia, intima-media border, and atherosclerotic plaque of 28 coronary arteries using immunohistochemistry for endothelial cells (Ulex europeaus, CD31/CD34), basement membrane (laminin, collagen IV), and mural cells (desmin, alpha-smooth muscle [SM] actin, smoothelin, SM1, SM2, SMemb). Ultrastructural characterization of microvessel morphology was performed by electron microscopy. RESULTS The MVD was increased in advanced plaques compared with early plaques, which correlated with lesion morphology. Adventitial MVD was higher than intraplaque MVD in normal arteries and early plaques, but adventitial and intraplaque MVD were similar in advanced plaques. Although microvessel basement membranes were intact, the percentage of thin-walled microvessels was similarly low in normal and atherosclerotic adventitia, in the adventitia and the plaque, and in all plaque types. Intraplaque microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) were abnormal, with membrane blebs, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, open EC-EC junctions, and basement membrane detachment. Leukocyte infiltration was frequently observed by electron microscopy, and confirmed by CD45RO and CD68 immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS The MVD was associated with coronary plaque progression and morphology. Microvessels were thin-walled in normal and atherosclerotic arteries, and the compromised structural integrity of microvascular endothelium may explain the microvascular leakage responsible for intraplaque hemorrhage in advanced human coronary atherosclerosis.
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Levitt P, Campbell DB. The genetic and neurobiologic compass points toward common signaling dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorders. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:747-54. [PMID: 19339766 DOI: 10.1172/jci37934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. Here, we discuss data supporting the view that there are at least two distinct genetic etiologies for ASD: rare, private (de novo) single gene mutations that may have a large effect in causing ASD; and inherited, common functional variants of a combination of genes, each having a small to moderate effect in increasing ASD risk. It also is possible that a combination of the two mechanisms may occur in some individuals with ASD. We further discuss evidence from individuals with a number of different neurodevelopmental syndromes, in which there is a high prevalence of ASD, that some private mutations and common variants converge on dysfunctional ERK and PI3K signaling, which negatively impacts neurodevelopmental events regulated by some receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Levitt
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development and Department of Pharmacology,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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You WK, McDonald DM. The hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met signaling pathway as a therapeutic target to inhibit angiogenesis. BMB Rep 2009; 41:833-9. [PMID: 19123972 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.12.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in tumors is driven by multiple growth factors that activate receptor tyrosine kinases. An important driving force of angiogenesis in solid tumors is signaling through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs). Angiogenesis inhibitors that target this signaling pathway are now in widespread use for the treatment of cancer. However, when used alone, inhibitors of VEGF/VEGFR signaling do not destroy all blood vessels in tumors and do not slow the growth of most human cancers. VEGF/VEGFR signaling inhibitors are, therefore, used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy. Additional targets for inhibiting angiogenesis would be useful for more efficacious treatment of cancer. One promising target is the signaling pathway of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor (HGFR, also known as c-Met), which plays important roles in angiogenesis and tumor growth. Inhibitors of this signaling pathway have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. The HGF/c-Met signaling pathway is now recognized as a promising target in cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon-Kyoo You
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Lieb W, Safa R, Benjamin EJ, Xanthakis V, Yin X, Sullivan LM, Larson MG, Smith HM, Vita JA, Mitchell GF, Sawyer DB, Vasan RS. Vascular endothelial growth factor, its soluble receptor, and hepatocyte growth factor: clinical and genetic correlates and association with vascular function. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:1121-7. [PMID: 19223316 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Growth factors play an important role in regulating vascular function. Data are limited regarding clinical and genetic correlates of endothelial growth factors and their associations with vascular function. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated clinical and genetic correlates of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), its soluble receptor sFlt-1, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in 3754 Framingham Study participants. We also related the growth factors to measures of brachial artery function. Serum VEGF and HGF were higher and sFLt-1 was lower in women and smokers. VEGF and HGF were associated positively with body mass index; both displayed strong positive associations with the metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001) and its components. The heritabilities of VEGF, sFlt-1, and HGF were 78, 13, and 38%, respectively. VEGF and HGF were related positively to baseline brachial diameter (P < 0.01) and to baseline mean flow velocity (P < 0.001) in age- and sex-adjusted models, but the multivariable models failed to reach significance. None of the growth factors were related to flow-mediated dilation. CONCLUSION In our community-based sample, circulating VEGF and HGF demonstrated high heritabilities and a sexual dimorphism. Increased angiogenesis and greater endothelial cell turnover may underlie associations of these growth factors with risk factors including smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lieb
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Ave., Framingham, MA 01702-5803, USA
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Renal expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and c-Met in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:913-9. [PMID: 18273647 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) is the actin isoform that predominates within vascular smooth-muscle cells and plays an important role in fibrogenesis. On the other hand, c-Met is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which plays a role in protection from injury and has anti-fibrogenetic effects. To clarify whether alpha-SMA and HGF are associated with the progression of renal injury in Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), we evaluated the renal expression of alpha-SMA and c-Met in HSPN patients. Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of eight patients (male:female 4:4) with stage II or less in the classification of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC), Group 2 consisted of 20 patients (male:female 11:9) with ISKDC stage III or greater and a good prognosis, and group 3 consisted of seven patients (male:female 3:4) with ISKDC stage III or greater and poor prognosis. Renal biopsy findings, including c-Met and alpha-SMA staining, were investigated for each group. At first biopsy, the mean scores for renal alpha-SMA and glomerular c-Met in groups 2 and 3 were higher than those in group 1, while mean scores for neither renal alpha-SMA nor glomerular c-Met differed between groups 2 and 3. At second biopsy, the mean scores for renal alpha-SMA staining in group 3 were higher than those in group 2, and mean score for glomerular c-Met staining in group 3 was lower than that in group 2. In groups 2 and 3, the mean scores for glomerular and interstitial alpha-SMA staining at first biopsy were correlated with the chronicity index (CI) at second biopsy, but the mean score for glomerular c-Met staining at first biopsy correlated with neither the activity index (AI) nor CI in the first or second biopsies in all groups. Our findings suggest that the expression of renal alpha-SMA may be associated with progression of renal injury in HSPN.
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Kirton JP, Crofts NJ, George SJ, Brennan K, Canfield AE. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling stimulates chondrogenic and inhibits adipogenic differentiation of pericytes: potential relevance to vascular disease? Circ Res 2007; 101:581-9. [PMID: 17673669 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.156372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant differentiation of pericytes along the adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages may contribute to the development and progression of several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and calcific vasculopathies. However, the mechanisms controlling pericyte differentiation and, in particular, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation are poorly defined. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates cell differentiation during embryonic and postnatal development, and there is increasing evidence that it is involved in vascular pathology. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates the chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of pericytes. We demonstrate that pericytes express several Wnt receptors, including LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6, and Frizzled 1 to 4 and 7, 8, and 10, and that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is stimulated by both Wnt3a and LiCl. Furthermore, induction of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by LiCl enhances chondrogenesis in pericyte pellet cultures in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta3, as demonstrated by increased Sox-9 expression and glycosaminoglycan accumulation into the matrix. In contrast, transduction of pericytes with a recombinant adenovirus encoding dominant-negative T-cell factor-4 (RAd/dnTCF), which blocks Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, inhibited chondrogenesis, leading to reduced Sox-9 and type II collagen expression and less glycosaminoglycan accumulation. Together, these data demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta3 induces the chondrogenic differentiation of pericytes by inducing Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and T-cell factor-induced gene transcription. Induction of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling also attenuates adipogenic differentiation of pericytes in both pellet and monolayer cultures, as demonstrated by decreased staining with oil red O and reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 expression. This effect was negated by transduction of pericytes with RAd/dnTCF. Together, these results demonstrate that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling inhibits adipogenic and enhances chondrogenic differentiation of pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Kirton
- UK Centre for Tissue Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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