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Dhodapkar MV. Immune-Pathogenesis of Myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:281-291. [PMID: 38195307 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This research indicates that monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and myeloma may stem from chronic immune activation and inflammation, causing immune dysfunction and spatial immune exclusion. As the conditions progress, a shift toward myeloma involves ongoing immune impairment, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. Intriguingly, even in advanced myeloma stages, susceptibility to immune effector cells persists. This insight highlights the intricate interplay between immune responses and the development of these conditions, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions targeting immune modulation in the management of MGUS and myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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2
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Giuffrida G, Markovic U, Condorelli A, Duminuco A, Calafiore V, Conticello C, Romano A, Grasso S, Riccobene C, Ragusa MTV, Esposito B, Nicolosi D, Calagna M, Nardo A, Consoli U, Uccello G, Di Giacomo V, Neri S, Cingari MR, Rodà F, Innao V, Fiumara A, Duro G, Zizzo C, Di Raimondo F. Gaucher disease prevalence in 600 patients affected by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Eur J Haematol 2023; 111:922-929. [PMID: 37747757 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by the lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucosidase deficiency. Many patients experience a critical delay in the diagnosis of up to 8-10 years due to its rarity and variability in signs and symptoms, with the consultation of several specialists. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective observational study analyzed the prevalence of GD in 600 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) from January 2018 until February 2022. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 66 years, with a mean monoclonal component of 0.58 g/dL. In 433 MGUS patients with available data, anemia (hemoglobin level < 10 g/dL) was present in 31 patients (7%), and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100.000/mm3 ) in 24 (5.5%). Of 600 MGUS patients tested for acid β-glucosidase enzyme activity, 7 patients (1.2%) had activity below 2.5 nmol/h/mL. In comparison, GBA gene analysis was executed in 110 patients. It revealed 4 patients (0.7%) affected by GD (3 patients with compound heterozygous mutation and 1 with homozygous mutation), with a prevalence of 1 every 150 MGUS patients. Furthermore, 12 out of the remaining 106 evaluated patients (11%) were carriers of a single heterozygous mutation while having regular enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS The clinical heterogeneity of GD and frequent lack of awareness among physicians often lead to diagnostic delays and severe clinical manifestations. The role of MGUS in the presence of at least one clinical sign, such as low platelet count, organomegaly, bone pain, or bleeding tendency, could aid in initiating GD screening with DBS, thus reducing the period between symptom onset and the diagnosis of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Giuffrida
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Uros Markovic
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Condorelli
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Duminuco
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Calafiore
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Conticello
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephanie Grasso
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Riccobene
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Esposito
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Nicolosi
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Marianna Calagna
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Nardo
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ugo Consoli
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Uccello
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Santo Neri
- UOC di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rocca Cingari
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Ematologia, Ospedale San Vincenzo, Taormina, Italy
| | - Filippo Rodà
- Hemato-Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, Azienda Ospedaliera "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Regional Referral Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Zizzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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3
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Cabasso O, Kuppuramalingam A, Lelieveld L, Van der Lienden M, Boot R, Aerts JM, Horowitz M. Animal Models for the Study of Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16035. [PMID: 38003227 PMCID: PMC10671165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In Gaucher disease (GD), a relatively common sphingolipidosis, the mutant lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by the GBA1 gene, fails to properly hydrolyze the sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in lysosomes, particularly of tissue macrophages. As a result, GlcCer accumulates, which, to a certain extent, is converted to its deacylated form, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph), by lysosomal acid ceramidase. The inability of mutant GCase to degrade GlcSph further promotes its accumulation. The amount of mutant GCase in lysosomes depends on the amount of mutant ER enzyme that shuttles to them. In the case of many mutant GCase forms, the enzyme is largely misfolded in the ER. Only a fraction correctly folds and is subsequently trafficked to the lysosomes, while the rest of the misfolded mutant GCase protein undergoes ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The retention of misfolded mutant GCase in the ER induces ER stress, which evokes a stress response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). GD is remarkably heterogeneous in clinical manifestation, including the variant without CNS involvement (type 1), and acute and subacute neuronopathic variants (types 2 and 3). The present review discusses animal models developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Cabasso
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Aparna Kuppuramalingam
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Lindsey Lelieveld
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Martijn Van der Lienden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Johannes M. Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 9502 Leiden, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (M.V.d.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Mia Horowitz
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; (O.C.); (A.K.)
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Hermouet S, Bigot-Corbel E, Harb J. Determination of the target of monoclonal immunoglobulins: a novel diagnostic tool for individualized MGUS therapy, and prevention and therapy of smoldering and multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253363. [PMID: 38022528 PMCID: PMC10644846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subsets of patients diagnosed with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) or multiple myeloma (MM), present with a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) specific for an infectious pathogen, including hepatitis C and B viruses (HCV, HBV), Helicobacter pylori and several Herpesviruses. Such cases are likely initiated by infection, since in the context of HCV- or HBV-infected patients, antiviral therapy can lead to the disappearance of antigenic stimulation, control of clonal plasma cells, and reduced or suppressed monoclonal Ig production. Complete remission has been obtained with anti-HCV therapy in refractory MM with a HCV-specific monoclonal Ig, and antiviral treatments significantly improved the probability of survival of MM patients infected with HCV or HBV prior to the diagnosis of MM. Monoclonal Igs may also target glucolipids, particularly glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph), and GlcSph-reducing therapy can lead to complete remission in SMM and MM patients presenting with a GlcSph-specific monoclonal Ig. The present review describes the importance of determining the target of the monoclonal Ig of MGUS, SMM and MM patients, and discusses the efficacy of target-reducing treatments in the management of MGUS, SMM and MM cases who present with a monoclonal Ig reactive against a treatable infectious pathogen or GlcSph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Hermouet
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Harb
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Harai N, Ichijo M, Uchinuma H, Hanihara M, Kawaguchi Y, Ichikawa D, Tsuchiya K. Gaucher Disease Types I and III Responded Well to Substrate Reduction Therapy Using Eliglustat. Intern Med 2023; 62:3005-3011. [PMID: 36889706 PMCID: PMC10641180 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1425-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) causes the accumulation of glucocerebrosides in various organs, resulting in hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, decreased platelet counts, and bone disorders. Glucosylsphingosine accumulates in the brain and causes central nervous system (CNS) disorders. GD can be classified into types I (without CNS disorders), II, and III. Substrate reduction therapy (SRT) is an oral therapy that improves patients' quality of life; however, its effect on type III GD is unknown. We administered SRT to GD types I and III patients and found it effective. Malignancy is a late complication of GD, but this is the first report of Barrett adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Harai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Ichijo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, National Hospital Organization, Matsumoto National Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchinuma
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Mitsuto Hanihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
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Sudul P, Piatkowska-Jakubas B, Pawlinski L, Galazka K, Sacha T, Kiec-Wilk B. The Complexities of Diagnosis with Co-Existing Gaucher Disease and Hemato-Oncology-A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5518. [PMID: 37685585 PMCID: PMC10488105 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological abnormalities are the most common early symptoms of Gaucher disease (GD), with an increased risk of hematopoietic system malignancies reported in patients with GD. GD may be associated with monoclonal and polyclonal gammopathies; however, the mechanism of association of GD with multiple myeloma (MM) remains uncertain. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to improve patients' cytopenia and it seems to facilitate anti-myeloma therapy in patients with co-occurring GD and MM. Although it is necessary to demonstrate the deficiency of enzymatic activity, as well as using genetic tests to finally diagnose GD, due to changes in the blood count image, bone marrow biopsy is still a frequent element of the GD diagnosis procedure. The diagnosis of GD is often delayed, mainly due to the heterogeneity of the histopathological picture of bone marrow biopsy or overlapping hematological abnormalities. Unrecognized and untreated GD worsens the response of a patient with an oncological disease to targeted treatment. We present a literature review, inspired by the case of a Caucasian patient initially diagnosed with MM and later confirmed with comorbid GD type 1 (GD1). We would like to point out the problem of underdiagnosis and delay in patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sudul
- University Hospital, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Unit of Rare Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Piatkowska-Jakubas
- University Hospital, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pawlinski
- University Hospital, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- European Reference Network for Rare Metabolic Disease MetabERN, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Galazka
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sacha
- University Hospital, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Kiec-Wilk
- University Hospital, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Unit of Rare Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- European Reference Network for Rare Metabolic Disease MetabERN, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Giuffrida G, Markovic U, Condorelli A, Calafiore V, Nicolosi D, Calagna M, Grasso S, Ragusa MTV, Gentile J, Napolitano M. Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) as a reliable biomarker in Gaucher disease: a narrative review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 36782327 PMCID: PMC9926807 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare, inherited, autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, acid β-glucosidase. Its diagnosis is achieved via measurements of acid β-glucosidase activity in either fresh peripheral blood leukocytes or dried blood spots, and confirmed by identifying characteristic mutations in the GBA1 gene. Currently, several biomarkers are available for disease monitoring. Chitotriosidase has been used over the last 20 years to assess the severity of GD, but lacks specificity in GD patients. Conversely, the deacylated form of glucosylceramide, glucosylsphingosine (also known as lyso-Gb1), represents a more reliable biomarker characterized by its high sensitivity and specificity in GD. MAIN TEXT Herein, we review the current literature on lyso-Gb1 and describe evidence supporting its usefulness as a biomarker for diagnosing and evaluating disease severity in GD and monitoring treatment efficacy. CONCLUSION Lyso-Gb1 is the most promising biomarker of GD, as demonstrated by its reliability in reflecting disease burden and monitoring treatment response. Furthermore, lyso-Gb1 may play an important role in the onset of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, multiple myeloma, and Parkinson's disease in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Giuffrida
- Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.
| | - Uros Markovic
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy ,Oncohematology and BMT Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy ,grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Condorelli
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy ,grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Calafiore
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Nicolosi
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Marianna Calagna
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy ,grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Postgraduate School of Hematology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephanie Grasso
- grid.412844.f0000 0004 1766 6239Division of Haematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariasanta Napolitano
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Leng H, Zhang H, Li L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Chavda SJ, Galas-Filipowicz D, Lou H, Ersek A, Morris EV, Sezgin E, Lee YH, Li Y, Lechuga-Vieco AV, Tian M, Mi JQ, Yong K, Zhong Q, Edwards CM, Simon AK, Horwood NJ. Modulating glycosphingolipid metabolism and autophagy improves outcomes in pre-clinical models of myeloma bone disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7868. [PMID: 36550101 PMCID: PMC9780346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma, an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, frequently develop osteolytic bone lesions that severely impact quality of life and clinical outcomes. Eliglustat, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, reduced osteoclast-driven bone loss in preclinical in vivo models of myeloma. In combination with zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonate that treats myeloma bone disease, eliglustat provided further protection from bone loss. Autophagic degradation of TRAF3, a key step for osteoclast differentiation, was inhibited by eliglustat as evidenced by TRAF3 lysosomal and cytoplasmic accumulation. Eliglustat blocked autophagy by altering glycosphingolipid composition whilst restoration of missing glycosphingolipids rescued autophagy markers and TRAF3 degradation thus restoring osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells from myeloma patients. This work delineates both the mechanism by which glucosylceramide synthase inhibition prevents autophagic degradation of TRAF3 to reduce osteoclastogenesis as well as highlighting the clinical translational potential of eliglustat for the treatment of myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfu Leng
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK
| | - Linsen Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK ,grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Selina J. Chavda
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Hematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daria Galas-Filipowicz
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Hematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hantao Lou
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Adel Ersek
- grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Emma V. Morris
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden ,grid.173746.00000 0004 0606 3678MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK ,grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Yunsen Li
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ana Victoria Lechuga-Vieco
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK
| | - Mei Tian
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qing Mi
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, RuiJin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Kwee Yong
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Hematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Qing Zhong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Claire M. Edwards
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK
| | - Nicole J. Horwood
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY UK ,grid.8273.e0000 0001 1092 7967Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, James Watson Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
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9
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Pavlova EV, Lev D, Michelson M, Yosovich K, Michaeli HG, Bright NA, Manna PT, Dickson VK, Tylee KL, Church HJ, Luzio JP, Cox TM. Juvenile mucopolysaccharidosis plus disease caused by a missense mutation in VPS33A. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2265-2278. [PMID: 36153662 PMCID: PMC10091966 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A rare and fatal disease resembling mucopolysaccharidosis in infants, is caused by impaired intracellular endocytic trafficking due to deficiency of core components of the intracellular membrane-tethering protein complexes, HOPS, and CORVET. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel VPS33A mutation in a patient suffering from a variant form of mucopolysaccharidosis. Electron and confocal microscopy, immunoblotting, and glycosphingolipid trafficking experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of the mutant VPS33A in patient-derived skin fibroblasts. We describe an attenuated juvenile form of VPS33A-related syndrome-mucopolysaccharidosis plus in a man who is homozygous for a hitherto unknown missense mutation (NM_022916.4: c.599 G>C; NP_075067.2:p. Arg200Pro) in a conserved region of the VPS33A gene. Urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis revealed increased heparan, dermatan sulphates, and hyaluronic acid. We showed decreased abundance of VPS33A in patient derived fibroblasts and provided evidence that the p.Arg200Pro mutation leads to destablization of the protein and proteasomal degradation. As in the infantile form of mucopolysaccharidosis plus, the endocytic compartment in the fibroblasts also expanded-a phenomenon accompanied by increased endolysosomal acidification and impaired intracellular glycosphingolipid trafficking. Experimental treatment of the patient's cultured fibroblasts with the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, or exposure to an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthesis, eliglustat, improved glycosphingolipid trafficking. To our knowledge this is the first report of an attenuated juvenile form of VPS33A insufficiency characterized by appreciable residual endosomal-lysosomal trafficking and a milder mucopolysaccharidosis plus than the disease in infants. Our findings expand the proof of concept of redeploying clinically approved drugs for therapeutic exploitation in patients with juvenile as well as infantile forms of mucopolysaccharidosis plus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Pavlova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dorit Lev
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel.,The Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel.,The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Michelson
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel
| | - Keren Yosovich
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel
| | - Hila Gur Michaeli
- Wolfson Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Genetics, Holon, Israel
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul T Manna
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronica Kane Dickson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen L Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Heather J Church
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Gayed MM, Jung SH, Huggins E, Rodriguez-Rassi E, DeArmey S, Kishnani PS, Stiles AR. Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb 1): An Informative Biomarker in the Clinical Monitoring of Patients with Gaucher Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314938. [PMID: 36499264 PMCID: PMC9736277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, disease burden and treatment responses in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) was assessed by monitoring clinical data, laboratory, imaging, chitotriosidase (CHITO), and other biomarkers; however, these biomarkers lack specificity and CHITO is uninformative in patients heterozygous or homozygous for the CHIT1 c.1049_1072dup24 variant. Recently, glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), a sensitive and specific GD biomarker, has been recommended for patient monitoring. Furthermore, studies measuring lyso-Gb1 and CHITO in patients on long-term treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and/or substrate reduction therapy (SRT) reported as group data show a reduction in both analytes, yet individualized patient data are generally unavailable. We describe seven patients on long-term treatment with longitudinal clinical data with monitoring based on current treatment guidelines. We present four patients who exhibit stable disease with normalized CHITO despite elevated lyso-Gb1. We present one patient who transitioned from ERT to SRT due to lack of a clinical response with life-threatening thrombocytopenia who responded with marked improvement in platelets, and normalized levels of both CHITO and lyso-Gb1. Finally, we present two ERT to SRT switch patients with stable disease on ERT who exhibited non-compliance on SRT, one with mirrored marked elevations of CHITO and lyso-Gb1; and another with normal CHITO and platelets, but increasing lyso-Gb1 levels and enlarged spleen. These clinical vignettes highlight the role of lyso-Gb1 as a sensitive biomarker in management of patients with GD, and its further value when CHITO is normal and thus uninformative. We highlight the personalized medicine approach needed to optimize treatment outcomes and recommendations for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Gayed
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seung-Hye Jung
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erin Huggins
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eleanor Rodriguez-Rassi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stephanie DeArmey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priya Sunil Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashlee R. Stiles
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27713, USA
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11
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Rosenbloom BE, Cappellini MD, Weinreb NJ, Dragosky M, Revel‐Vilk S, Batista JL, Sekulic D, Mistry PK. Cancer risk and gammopathies in 2123 adults with Gaucher disease type 1 in the International Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:1337-1347. [PMID: 36054609 PMCID: PMC9541044 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous reports of cancers in Gaucher disease (GD) from mostly small single-center studies; however, precise risk estimates and cancer types involved have not been delineated. We conducted a study involving 2123 patients with GD type 1 (GD1) to assess the incidence of hematological malignancies, gammopathies, and solid tumors in an international observational study, the International Cooperative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00358943). Risk for cancer overall and for each type of malignancy was compared to the United States (US) population using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Natural history of gammopathy was determined through assessing the progression from a diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM). Risk for hematological malignancies was more than four times higher than expected compared to the general population: non-Hodgkin lymphoma was approximately three times higher; MM was approximately nine times higher. Age-specific incidence rates of MGUS were unexpectedly high among younger patients. The 10-year cumulative incidence of MM after diagnosis of MGUS was 7.9%, comparable to the general population. Compared to the general US population, GD1 patients were at higher risk for solid malignancies of liver (2.9 times), kidney (2.8 times), melanoma (2.5 times), and breast (1.4 times). Colorectal, prostate, and lung cancer risks were lower than expected. These findings help advance care of patients with GD1 by supporting recommendations for individualized monitoring for malignancies and antecedents such as MGUS for MM and provoke important questions of the role of glucosylceramide and related sphingolipids in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico MilanoMilanItaly
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Neal J. Weinreb
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Marta Dragosky
- Department of HematologyHenry Moore InstituteBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Shoshana Revel‐Vilk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, School of MedicineHebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Julie L. Batista
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSanofiCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Davorka Sekulic
- Global Medical Affairs Hematology, Sanofi, CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pramod K. Mistry
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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12
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Petrusca DN, Lee KP, Galson DL. Role of Sphingolipids in Multiple Myeloma Progression, Drug Resistance, and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925807. [PMID: 35756630 PMCID: PMC9213658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incapacitating hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and production of an abnormal monoclonal protein (M-protein). The BM microenvironment has a key role in myeloma development by facilitating the growth of the aberrant plasma cells, which eventually interfere with the homeostasis of the bone cells, exacerbating osteolysis and inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Recent recognition that metabolic reprograming has a major role in tumor growth and adaptation to specific changes in the microenvironmental niche have led to consideration of the role of sphingolipids and the enzymes that control their biosynthesis and degradation as critical mediators of cancer since these bioactive lipids have been directly linked to the control of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, among other cellular functions. In this review, we present the recent progress of the research investigating the biological implications of sphingolipid metabolism alterations in the regulation of myeloma development and its progression from the pre-malignant stage and discuss the roles of sphingolipids in in MM migration and adhesion, survival and proliferation, as well as angiogenesis and invasion. We introduce the current knowledge regarding the role of sphingolipids as mediators of the immune response and drug-resistance in MM and tackle the new developments suggesting the manipulation of the sphingolipid network as a novel therapeutic direction for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, HCC Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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13
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Harel R, Gavish I, Aviv A, Greenman Maravi N, Trougouboff P, Zimran A, Revel-Vilk S. Enzyme replacement therapy leading to improvement in myeloma indices in a patient with concomitant Gaucher disease. Intern Med J 2022; 52:872-875. [PMID: 35538014 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) have been shown previously to carry an increased risk for cancer, most commonly multiple myeloma (MM). It is currently unknown whether treatment for GD has an effect on the prevention or amelioration of MM. We present the case of a 41-year-old patient simultaneously diagnosed with GD and smouldering MM. Enzyme replacement therapy with Velaglucerase-alfa significantly improved myeloma indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Harel
- Haematology Department, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Israel Gavish
- Haematology Department, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Ariel Aviv
- Haematology Department, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | | | - Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Pherez-Farah A, López-Sánchez RDC, Villela-Martínez LM, Ortiz-López R, Beltrán BE, Hernández-Hernández JA. Sphingolipids and Lymphomas: A Double-Edged Sword. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2051. [PMID: 35565181 PMCID: PMC9104519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are a highly heterogeneous group of hematological neoplasms. Given their ethiopathogenic complexity, their classification and management can become difficult tasks; therefore, new approaches are continuously being sought. Metabolic reprogramming at the lipid level is a hot topic in cancer research, and sphingolipidomics has gained particular focus in this area due to the bioactive nature of molecules such as sphingoid bases, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, globosides, and gangliosides. Sphingolipid metabolism has become especially exciting because they are involved in virtually every cellular process through an extremely intricate metabolic web; in fact, no two sphingolipids share the same fate. Unsurprisingly, a disruption at this level is a recurrent mechanism in lymphomagenesis, dissemination, and chemoresistance, which means potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets might be hiding within these pathways. Many comprehensive reviews describing their role in cancer exist, but because most research has been conducted in solid malignancies, evidence in lymphomagenesis is somewhat limited. In this review, we summarize key aspects of sphingolipid biochemistry and discuss their known impact in cancer biology, with a particular focus on lymphomas and possible therapeutical strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Pherez-Farah
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Villela-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico
- Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez, ISSSTESON, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brady E Beltrán
- Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima 15072, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 1801, Peru
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15
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Portier E, Talbot A, Nguyen Y, Royer B, Pettazzoni M, Ben Salah I, Trichet C, Vercellino L, Arnulf B, Belmatoug N. Multiple myeloma occurring in a case of Niemann-Pick disease Type B: A pathophysiological link? Br J Haematol 2022; 197:e53-e55. [PMID: 35141883 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Portier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Centre of Lysosomal Diseases, APHP-Nord, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Alexis Talbot
- Department of Immuno-Hematology, APHP, Saint Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Centre of Lysosomal Diseases, APHP-Nord, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Bruno Royer
- Department of Immuno-Hematology, APHP, Saint Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Magali Pettazzoni
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Department, UF Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Imen Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Hematology and Hemostasis, APHP-Nord, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Catherine Trichet
- Laboratory of Hematology and Hemostasis, APHP-Nord, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Laetitia Vercellino
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Arnulf
- Department of Immuno-Hematology, APHP, Saint Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Belmatoug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Centre of Lysosomal Diseases, APHP-Nord, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris, Clichy, France
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16
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Castiblanco D, Rudd-Schmidt JA, Noori T, Sutton VR, Hung YH, Flinsenberg T, Hodel AW, Young ND, Smith N, Bratkovic D, Peters H, Walterfang M, Trapani JA, Brennan A, Voskoboinik I. Severely impaired CTL killing is a feature of the neurological disorder Niemann-Pick Syndrome type C1. Blood 2022:blood. [PMID: 35081253 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NP-C1) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from mutations in an endo-lysosomal cholesterol transporter, NPC1. Despite typically presenting with pronounced neurological manifestations, NP-C1 also resembles long-term congenital immunodeficiencies that arise due to impairment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector function. CTLs kill their targets through exocytosis of the contents of lysosome-like secretory cytotoxic granules (CGs) that store, and ultimately release the essential pore-forming protein perforin and pro-apoptotic serine proteases, granzymes, into the synapse formed between the CTL and a target cell. We have discovered that NPC1 deficiency increases CG lipid burden, impairs autophagic flux due to stalled trafficking of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), and dramatically reduces CTL cytotoxicity. Using a variety of immunological and cell biology techniques, we show that the cytotoxic defect arises specifically due to impaired perforin pore-formation. We demonstrated defects of CTL function of varying severity in NP-C1 patients, with the greatest loss of function associated with the most florid and/or earliest disease presentations. Remarkably, perforin function and CTL cytotoxicity were restored in vitro by promoting lipid clearance with therapeutic 2-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HPbCD), whereas restoring autophagy through TFEB over-expression was ineffective. Overall, our study revealed that NPC1 deficiency has a deleterious impact on CTL (but not natural killer cell) cytotoxicity that, in the long term, may predispose NP-C1 patients to atypical infections and impaired immune surveillance more generally.
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17
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Ivanova MM, Dao J, Kasaci N, Adewale B, Nazari S, Noll L, Fikry J, Sanati AH, Goker-Alpan O. Cellular and biochemical response to chaperone versus substrate reduction therapies in neuropathic Gaucher disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247211. [PMID: 34695170 PMCID: PMC8544834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by deficiency of the lysosomal membrane enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) and the subsequent accumulation of its substrate, glucosylceramide (GC). Mostly missense mutations of the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) cause GCase misfolding and inhibition of proper lysosomal trafficking. The accumulated GC leads to lysosomal dysfunction and impairs the autophagy pathway. GD types 2 and 3 (GD2-3), or the neuronopathic forms, affect not only the Central Nervous System (CNS) but also have severe systemic involvement and progressive bone disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) successfully treats the hematologic manifestations; however, due to the lack of equal distribution of the recombinant enzyme in different organs, it has no direct impact on the nervous system and has minimal effect on bone involvement. Small molecules have the potential for better tissue distribution. Ambroxol (AMB) is a pharmacologic chaperone that partially recovers the mutated GCase activity and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Eliglustat (EGT) works by inhibiting UDP-glucosylceramide synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes GC biosynthesis, reducing GC influx load into the lysosome. Substrate reduction therapy (SRT) using EGT is associated with improvement in GD bone marrow burden score and bone mineral density parallel with the improvement in hematological parameters. We assessed the effects of EGT and AMB on GCase activity and autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in primary cell lines derived from patients with GD2-3 and compared to cell lines from healthy controls. We found that EGT, same as AMB, enhanced GCase activity in control cells and that an individualized response, that varied with GBA mutations, was observed in cells from patients with GD2-3. EGT and AMB enhanced the formation of lysosomal/late endosomal compartments and improved autophagy, independent of GBA mutations. Both AMB and EGT increased mitochondrial mass and density in GD2-3 fibroblasts, suggesting enhancement of mitochondrial function by activating the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results demonstrate that EGT and AMB, with different molecular mechanisms of action, enhance GCase activity and improve autophagy-lysosome dynamics and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M. Ivanova
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Dao
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Neil Kasaci
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Adewale
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Shaista Nazari
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Noll
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Fikry
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Armaghan Hafez Sanati
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
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18
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Gan J, Gao Q, Wang LL, Tian AP, Zhu LD, Zhang LT, Zhou W, Mao XR, Li JF. Glucosylceramide synthase regulates hepatocyte repair after concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated liver injury. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12138. [PMID: 34611503 PMCID: PMC8447939 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingolipids produce pleiotropic signaling pathways, and participate in the pathological mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis during liver injury. However, the role of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS)-key enzyme that catalyzes the first glycosylation step, in liver injury is still vague. Methods All experiments were conducted using 7-9-week-old pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were detected in murine models of liver disease, in addition to histological characterization of liver injuries. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of the GCS, matrix metallopeptidase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) genes. The GCS was observed through a fluorescence microscope, and the flow cytometry was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis. The concentrations of serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. MMP-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression was measured via western blot (WB) analysis. Results Con A is often used as a mitogen to activate T lymphocytes and promote mitosis. A single dose of Con A injected intravenously will cause a rapid increase of ALT and AST, which is accompanied by the release of cytokines that cause injury and necrosis of hepatocytes. In this study, we successfully induced acute immune hepatitis in mice by Con A. Con A administration resulted in GCS upregulation in liver tissues. Moreover, the mice in the Con A group had significantly higher levels of ALT, AST, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and increased hepatocyte apoptosis than the control group. In contrast, all of the aforementioned genes were significantly downregulated after the administration of a GCS siRNA or Genz-123346 (i.e., a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor) to inhibit the GCS gene. Additionally, the histopathological changes observed herein were consistent with our ALT, AST, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 expression results. However, unlike this, hepatocyte apoptosis has been further increased on the basis of the Con A group. Moreover, our qRT-PCR and WB results indicated that the expression of MMP-1 in the Con A group was significantly lower than that in the control group, whereas TIMP-1 exhibited the opposite trend. Conversely, MMP-1 expression in the GCS siRNA and Genz-123346 groups was higher than that in the Con A group, whereas TIMP-1 expression was lower. Conclusions GCS inhibition reduces Con A-induced immune-mediated liver injury in mice, which may be due to the involvement of GCS in the hepatocyte repair process after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Li Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ai Ping Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Dong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Ting Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao Rong Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Feng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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19
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Budani M, Auray-Blais C, Lingwood C. ATP-binding cassette transporters mediate differential biosynthesis of glycosphingolipid species. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100128. [PMID: 34597626 PMCID: PMC8569594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic-oriented glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase is enigmatic, requiring nascent GlcCer translocation to the luminal Golgi membrane to access glycosphingolipid (GSL) anabolic glycosyltransferases. The mechanism by which GlcCer is flipped remains unclear. To investigate the role of GlcCer-binding partners in this process, we previously made cleavable, biotinylated, photoreactive GlcCer analogs in which the reactive nitrene was closely apposed to the GlcCer head group, while maintaining a C16-acyl chain. GlcCer-binding protein specificity was validated for both photoprobes. Using one probe, XLB, here we identified ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA3, ABCB4, and ABCB10 as unfractionated microsomal GlcCer-binding proteins in DU-145 prostate tumor cells. siRNA knockdown (KD) of these transporters differentially blocked GSL synthesis assessed in toto and via metabolic labeling. KD of ABCA3 reduced acid/neutral GSL levels, but increased those of LacCer, while KD of ABCB4 preferentially reduced neutral GSL levels, and KD of ABCB10 reduced levels of both neutral and acidic GSLs. Depletion of ABCA12, implicated in GlcCer transport, preferentially decreased neutral GSL levels, while ABCB1 KD preferentially reduced gangliosides, but increased neutral GSL Gb3. These results imply that multiple ABC transporters may provide distinct but overlapping GlcCer and LacCer pools within the Golgi lumen for anabolism of different GSL series by metabolic channeling. Differential ABC family member usage may fine-tune GSL biosynthesis depending on cell/tissue type. We conclude that ABC transporters provide a new tool for the regulation of GSL biosynthesis and serve as potential targets to reduce selected GSL species/subsets in diseases in which GSLs are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Budani
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Ghandour B, Pisano C, Darwiche N, Dbaibo G. Restoration of ceramide de novo synthesis by the synthetic retinoid ST1926 as it induces adult T-cell leukemia cell death. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200050. [PMID: 33048123 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide (Cer) is a bioactive cellular lipid with compartmentalized and tightly regulated levels. Distinct metabolic pathways lead to the generation of Cer species with distinguishable roles in oncogenesis. Deregulation of Cer pathways has emerged as an important mechanism for acquired chemotherapeutic resistance. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells are defective in Cer synthesis. ATL is an aggressive neoplasm that develops following infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) where the viral oncogene Tax contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. ATL cells, resistant to all-trans-retinoic acid, are sensitive to pharmacologically achievable concentrations of the synthetic retinoid ST1926. We studied the effects of ST1926 on Cer pathways in ATL cells. ST1926 treatment resulted in early Tax oncoprotein degradation in HTLV-1-treated cells. ST1926 induced cell death and a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of Cer in malignant T cells. The kinetics and degree of Cer production showed an early response upon ST1926 treatment. ST1926 enhanced de novo Cer synthesis via activation of ceramide synthase CerS(s) without inhibiting dihydroceramide desaturase, thereby accumulating Cer rather than the less bioactive dihydroceramide. Using labeling experiments with the unnatural 17-carbon sphinganine and measuring the generated Cer species, we showed that ST1926 preferentially induces the activities of a distinct set of CerS(s). We detected a delay in cell death response and interruption of Cer generation in response to ST1926 in Molt-4 cells overexpressing Bcl-2. These results highlight the potential role of ST1926 in inducing Cer levels, thus lowering the threshold for cell death in ATL cells.
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21
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Abell K, Chadwell SE, Burrow TA, Becker APP, Bailey L, Steele P, Zhang X, Islas-Ohlmayer M, Bittencourt R, Schwartz IVD, Prada CE. Outcomes of screening for gammopathies in children and adults with Gaucher disease type 1 in a cohort from Brazil and the United States. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020; 184:1052-1059. [PMID: 33277783 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is the most common hematological malignancy in Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1). There is a lack of outcome data and consensus regarding screening of gammopathies. This study explores utility of screening in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Cincinnati, Ohio. A retrospective analysis of clinical information and laboratory data from GD1 patients was performed. Over 19 years, 68 individuals with GD1 (31 males, 37 females) underwent screening, and 20 (29.4%) had abnormalities. Twelve (17.6%) had polyclonal gammopathy (mean age 24.2 years, p = .02), seven (10%) had monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS; mean age 52.7 years, p = .009). One had multiple myeloma (age 61 years). Risk factors for MGUS included male gender (p = .05), p.N409S allele (p = .032). MGUS developed in six of 62 treated and two of four untreated individuals. Of those with MGUS receiving treatment, four were on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and one on substrate reduction therapy (SRT). Gammopathy normalized in 13 treated individuals (10 polyclonal, three MGUS) and remained abnormal in two treated individuals (two polyclonal, two MGUS). Gammopathy relapse was seen in one individual with MGUS and three with polyclonal gammopathy. This study describes screening for gammopathies and identifies risk factors in individuals with GD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Abell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah E Chadwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Andrew Burrow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Laurie Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Steele
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xue Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Rosane Bittencourt
- Hematology Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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22
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Zimran A, Ruchlemer R, Revel-Vilk S. A patient with Gaucher disease and plasma cell dyscrasia: bidirectional impact. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2020; 2020:389-394. [PMID: 33275748 PMCID: PMC7727517 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2020000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Gaucher disease (GD), a rare autosomal recessive glycosphingolipid storage disease, commonly present to hematologists with unexplained splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and bone symptoms. Patients with GD may develop other manifestations, such as autoimmune thrombocytopenia, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, or, even more rarely, other hematological malignancies; sometimes they are first diagnosed during an assessment of those disorders. Although the diagnosis and management of patients with GD have significantly evolved over the last 30 years, some patients remain poor responders to GD-specific therapy, needing novel and investigational therapies. Ideally, patients with GD, like patients with other rare diseases, should be managed by a multidisciplinary team expert with the diverse clinical manifestations and potential GD-related or -unrelated comorbidities. The hematology community should be knowledgeable regarding the presentation and the variety of hematologic complications and comorbidities associated with Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Zimran
- Gaucher Unit
- School of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rosa Ruchlemer
- Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, and
- School of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Revel-Vilk S, Fuller M, Zimran A. Value of Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) as a Biomarker in Gaucher Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7159. [PMID: 32998334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism, can negatively impact clinical outcomes. This systematic literature review evaluated the value of glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), as the most reliable biomarker currently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease/treatment monitoring of patients with GD. Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, ScienceOpen, Science.gov, Biological Abstracts, and Sci-Hub to identify original research articles relevant to lyso-Gb1 and GD published before March 2019. Seventy-four articles met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 56 related to pathology and 21 related to clinical biomarkers. Evidence for lyso-Gb1 as a pathogenic mediator of GD was unequivocal, although its precise role requires further elucidation. Lyso-Gb1 was deemed a statistically reliable diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker in GD. Evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a disease-monitoring biomarker for GD, and some evidence supports lyso-Gb1 as a prognostic biomarker, but further study is required. Lyso-Gb1 meets the criteria for a biomarker as it is easily accessible and reliably quantifiable in plasma and dried blood spots, enables the elucidation of GD molecular pathogenesis, is diagnostically valuable, and reflects therapeutic responses. Evidentiary standards appropriate for verifying inter-laboratory lyso-Gb1 concentrations in plasma and in other anatomical sites are needed.
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24
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van Eijk M, Ferraz MJ, Boot RG, Aerts JMFG. Lyso-glycosphingolipids: presence and consequences. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:565-578. [PMID: 32808655 PMCID: PMC7517347 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lyso-glycosphingolipids are generated in excess in glycosphingolipid storage disorders. In the course of these pathologies glycosylated sphingolipid species accumulate within lysosomes due to flaws in the respective lipid degrading machinery. Deacylation of accumulating glycosphingolipids drives the formation of lyso-glycosphingolipids. In lysosomal storage diseases such as Gaucher Disease, Fabry Disease, Krabbe disease, GM1 -and GM2 gangliosidosis, Niemann Pick type C and Metachromatic leukodystrophy massive intra-lysosomal glycosphingolipid accumulation occurs. The lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase generates the deacylated lyso-glycosphingolipid species. This review discusses how the various lyso-glycosphingolipids are synthesized, how they may contribute to abnormal immunity in glycosphingolipid storing lysosomal diseases and what therapeutic opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Ferraz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Salah NY. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and nail fold capillaroscopy changes in children and adolescents with Gaucher disease; relation to residual disease severity. Cytokine 2020; 133:155120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Bosseboeuf A, Seillier C, Mennesson N, Allain-Maillet S, Fourny M, Tallet A, Piver E, Lehours P, Mégraud F, Berthelot L, Harb J, Bigot-Corbel E, Hermouet S. Analysis of the Targets and Glycosylation of Monoclonal IgAs From MGUS and Myeloma Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:854. [PMID: 32536913 PMCID: PMC7266999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that monoclonal immunoglobulins G (IgGs) of “monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance” (MGUS) and myeloma were hyposialylated, thus presumably pro-inflammatory, and for about half of patients, the target of the monoclonal IgG was either a virus—Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), other herpes viruses, hepatitis C virus (HCV)—or a glucolipid, lysoglucosylceramide (LGL1), suggesting antigen-driven disease in these patients. In the present study, we show that monoclonal IgAs share these characteristics. We collected 35 sera of patients with a monoclonal IgA (6 MGUS, 29 myeloma), and we were able to purify 25 of the 35 monoclonal IgAs (6 MGUS, 19 myeloma). Monoclonal IgAs from MGUS and myeloma patients were significantly less sialylated than IgAs from healthy volunteers. When purified monoclonal IgAs were tested against infectious pathogens and LGL1, five myeloma patients had a monoclonal IgA that specifically recognized viral proteins: the core protein of HCV in one case, EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) in four cases (21.1% of IgA myeloma). Monoclonal IgAs from three myeloma patients reacted against LGL1. In summary, monoclonal IgAs are hyposialylated and as described for IgG myeloma, significant subsets (8/19, or 42%) of patients with IgA myeloma may have viral or self (LGL1) antigen-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bosseboeuf
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Célia Seillier
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Mennesson
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | | | - Maeva Fourny
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Eric Piver
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR966, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Inserm U1053, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Reference des Campylobacters et des Hélicobacters, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- Inserm U1053, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Reference des Campylobacters et des Hélicobacters, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Harb
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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27
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Bosseboeuf A, Mennesson N, Allain-Maillet S, Tallet A, Piver E, Decaux O, Moreau C, Moreau P, Lehours P, Mégraud F, Salle V, Bigot-Corbel E, Harb J, Hermouet S. Characteristics of MGUS and Multiple Myeloma According to the Target of Monoclonal Immunoglobulins, Glucosylsphingosine, or Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA-1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051254. [PMID: 32429322 PMCID: PMC7281552 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stimulation by infectious or self-antigens initiates subsets of monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), or multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) was reported to be the target of one third of monoclonal immunoglobulins (Igs). In this study of 233 patients (137 MGUS, 6 SMM, 90 MM), we analyzed the GlcSph-reactivity of monoclonal Igs and non-clonal Igs. The presence of GlcSph-reactive Igs in serum was unexpectedly frequent, detected for 103/233 (44.2%) patients. However, GlcSph was targeted by the patient’s monoclonal Ig for only 37 patients (15.9%); for other patients (44 MGUS, 22 MM), the GlcSph-reactive Igs were non-clonal. Then, the characteristics of patients were examined: compared to MM with an Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1-reactive monoclonal Ig, MM patients with a GlcSph-reactive monoclonal Ig had a mild presentation. The inflammation profiles of patients were similar except for moderately elevated levels of 4 cytokines for patients with GlcSph-reactive Igs. In summary, our study highlights the importance of analyzing clonal Igs separately from non-clonal Igs and shows that, if autoimmune responses to GlcSph are frequent in MGUS/SMM and MM, GlcSph presumably represents the initial pathogenic event for ~16% cases. Importantly, GlcSph-initiated MM appears to be a mild form of MM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bosseboeuf
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (N.M.); (S.A.-M.); (E.B.-C.); (J.H.)
| | - Nicolas Mennesson
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (N.M.); (S.A.-M.); (E.B.-C.); (J.H.)
| | - Sophie Allain-Maillet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (N.M.); (S.A.-M.); (E.B.-C.); (J.H.)
| | - Anne Tallet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (A.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Eric Piver
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (A.T.); (E.P.)
- Inserm UMR966, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Lehours
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (P.L.); (F.M.)
- Inserm U1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; (P.L.); (F.M.)
- Inserm U1053, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Valéry Salle
- Médecine Interne et Maladies Systémiques, CHU Amiens, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (N.M.); (S.A.-M.); (E.B.-C.); (J.H.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean Harb
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (N.M.); (S.A.-M.); (E.B.-C.); (J.H.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, 44000 Nantes, France; (A.B.); (N.M.); (S.A.-M.); (E.B.-C.); (J.H.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-28-08-03-55
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28
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Nair S, Bar N, Xu ML, Dhodapkar M, Mistry PK. Glucosylsphingosine but not Saposin C, is the target antigen in Gaucher disease-associated gammopathy. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:286-291. [PMID: 32044242 PMCID: PMC8223251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1), genetic deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase results in the accumulation of glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph), that underlie chronic lipid-mediated metabolic inflammation. An important age-related phenotype is high risk of monoclonal gammopathy (MG), including multiple myeloma. We identified GlcSph, a pathological lyso-sphingolipid exclusively elevated in GD, as a mediator of B cell activation and as an antigenic target for GD1-associated MG. Saposin C (SapC), is a lipid-binding protein and activator of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, which when mutated, cause a rare variant of GD. Sera of GD1 patients with MG of diverse immunoglobulin types were compared to GD patients without gammopathy for reactivity against GlcSph and SapC. We show reactivity of clonal immunoglobulin in GD1 to GlcSph but not to SapC. In two patients with GD1 and gammopathy, GlcSph-reduction therapy with eliglustat resulted in reduction in clonal Ig. Together, our data show that GlcSph but not SapC is the antigenic target in GD1-associated MG and that therapy aimed at reducing the levels of immunogenic lipid resulted in reduction of clonal immunoglobulin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Nair
- Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noffar Bar
- Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mina L Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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29
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Dubot P, Astudillo L, Therville N, Sabourdy F, Stirnemann J, Levade T, Andrieu-Abadie N. Are Glucosylceramide-Related Sphingolipids Involved in the Increased Risk for Cancer in Gaucher Disease Patients? Review and Hypotheses. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E475. [PMID: 32085512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of ceramide and its catabolites, i.e., sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate, in the development of malignancies and the response to anticancer regimens have been extensively described. Moreover, an abundant literature points to the effects of glucosylceramide synthase, the mammalian enzyme that converts ceramide to β-glucosylceramide, in protecting tumor cells from chemotherapy. Much less is known about the contribution of β-glucosylceramide and its breakdown products in cancer progression. In this chapter, we first review published and personal clinical observations that report on the increased risk of developing cancers in patients affected with Gaucher disease, an inborn disorder characterized by defective lysosomal degradation of β-glucosylceramide. The previously described mechanistic links between lysosomal β-glucosylceramidase, β-glucosylceramide and/or β-glucosylphingosine, and various hallmarks of cancer are reviewed. We further show that melanoma tumor growth is facilitated in a Gaucher disease mouse model. Finally, the potential roles of the β-glucosylceramidase protein and its lipidic substrates and/or downstream products are discussed.
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Pavlova EV, Shatunov A, Wartosch L, Moskvina AI, Nikolaeva LE, Bright NA, Tylee KL, Church HJ, Ballabio A, Luzio JP, Cox TM. The lysosomal disease caused by mutant VPS33A. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2514-2530. [PMID: 31070736 PMCID: PMC6644154 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare lysosomal disease resembling a mucopolysaccharidosis with unusual systemic features, including renal disease and platelet dysfunction, caused by the defect in a conserved region of the VPS33A gene on human chromosome 12q24.31, occurs in Yakuts-a nomadic Turkic ethnic group of Southern Siberia. VPS33A is a core component of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) and the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complexes, which have essential functions in the endocytic pathway. Here we show that cultured fibroblasts from patients with this disorder have morphological changes: vacuolation with disordered endosomal/lysosomal compartments and-common to sphingolipid diseases-abnormal endocytic trafficking of lactosylceramide. Urine glycosaminoglycan studies revealed a pathological excess of sialylated conjugates as well as dermatan and heparan sulphate. Lipidomic screening showed elevated β-D-galactosylsphingosine with unimpaired activity of cognate lysosomal hydrolases. The 3D crystal structure of human VPS33A predicts that replacement of arginine 498 by tryptophan will de-stabilize VPS33A folding. We observed that the missense mutation reduced the abundance of full-length VPS33A and other components of the HOPS and CORVET complexes. Treatment of HeLa cells stably expressing the mutant VPS33A with a proteasome inhibitor rescued the mutant protein from degradation. We propose that the disease is due to diminished intracellular abundance of intact VPS33A. Exposure of patient-derived fibroblasts to the clinically approved proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, or inhibition of glucosylceramide synthesis with eliglustat, partially corrected the impaired lactosylceramide trafficking defect and immediately suggest therapeutic avenues to explore in this fatal orphan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Pavlova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lena Wartosch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alena I Moskvina
- Paediatric Centre, National Medical Centre of the Republic of Sakha, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Lena E Nikolaeva
- Paediatric Centre, National Medical Centre of the Republic of Sakha, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen L Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Heather J Church
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wątek M, Piktel E, Wollny T, Durnaś B, Fiedoruk K, Lech-Marańda E, Bucki R. Defective Sphingolipids Metabolism and Tumor Associated Macrophages as the Possible Links Between Gaucher Disease and Blood Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E843. [PMID: 30781349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a rising number of evidence indicating the increased risk of cancer development in association with congenital metabolic errors. Although these diseases represent disorders of individual genes, they lead to the disruption of metabolic pathways resulting in metabolite accumulation or their deficiency. Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive sphingolipidosis. It is a rare lysosomal storage disease. A strong correlation between GD and different types of cancers, such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been reported. Common features for all types of GD include spleen and liver enlargement, cytopenia, and a variety of bone defects. Overall, the molecular bases leading to the association of GD and cancers are not clearly understood. Here, we describe the role of ceramides in GD, discuss the potential implications of immune cells activation and show how the disturbances in their metabolism might promote blood cancer development.
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van der Lienden MJC, Gaspar P, Boot R, Aerts JMFG, van Eijk M. Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E66. [PMID: 30586924 PMCID: PMC6337583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrophages and secreted into the circulation were identified, among which glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB). This review focusses on the emerging potential of GPNMB as a biomarker of stressed macrophages in LSDs as well as in acquired pathologies accompanied by an excessive lysosomal substrate load in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Lewis AC, Wallington-Beddoe CT, Powell JA, Pitson SM. Targeting sphingolipid metabolism as an approach for combination therapies in haematological malignancies. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:72. [PMID: 30062053 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy-based drug combinations have, until recently, been the backbone of most therapeutic strategies for cancer. In a time of emerging rationale drug development, targeted therapies are beginning to be added to traditional chemotherapeutics to synergistically enhance clinical responses. Of note, the importance of pro-apoptotic ceramide in mediating the anti-cancer effects of these therapies is becoming more apparent. Furthermore, reduced cellular ceramide in favour of pro-survival sphingolipids correlates with tumorigenesis and most importantly, drug resistance. Thus, agents that manipulate sphingolipid metabolism have been explored as potential anti-cancer agents and have recently demonstrated exciting potential to augment the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics. This review examines the biology underpinning these observations and the potential use of sphingolipid manipulating agents in the context of existing and emerging therapies for haematological malignancies. • Efficacy of many chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies is dictated by cellular ceramide levels. • Oncogene activation skews sphingolipid metabolism to favour the production of pro-survival sphingolipids. • Inhibitors of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism exhibit promise in the relapsed-refractory setting. • Anti-cancer activity of sphingosine kinase inhibitors provides several options for new drug combinations. Open Questions • What other clinically utilised drugs rely on increases in ceramide levels for their efficacy and can they be effectively partnered with other ceramide inducing agents? • How does ceramide modulate the Bcl-2 family proteins, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2? • Are sphingolipid enzyme inhibitors best suited in the frontline or relapsed-refractory setting?
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Weinreb NJ, Mistry PK, Rosenbloom BE, Dhodapkar MV. MGUS, lymphoplasmacytic malignancies, and Gaucher disease: the significance of the clinical association. Blood 2018; 131:2500-2501. [PMID: 29650800 PMCID: PMC5981170 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-834689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neal J Weinreb
- Department of Human Genetics and
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Barry E Rosenbloom
- Cedars-Sinai/Tower Hematology Oncology, Beverly Hills, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Nair S, Sng J, Boddupalli CS, Seckinger A, Chesi M, Fulciniti M, Zhang L, Rauniyar N, Lopez M, Neparidze N, Parker T, Munshi NC, Sexton R, Barlogie B, Orlowski R, Bergsagel L, Hose D, Flavell RA, Mistry PK, Meffre E, Dhodapkar MV. Antigen-mediated regulation in monoclonal gammopathies and myeloma. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98259. [PMID: 29669929 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for antigen-driven stimulation has been proposed in the pathogenesis of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) based largely on the binding properties of monoclonal Ig. However, insights into antigen binding to clonal B cell receptors and in vivo responsiveness of the malignant clone to antigen-mediated stimulation are needed to understand the role of antigenic stimulation in tumor growth. Lysolipid-reactive clonal Ig were detected in Gaucher disease (GD) and some sporadic gammopathies. Here, we show that recombinant Ig (rIg) cloned from sort-purified single tumor cells from lipid-reactive sporadic and GD-associated gammopathy specifically bound lysolipids. Liposome sedimentation and binding assays confirmed specific interaction of lipid-reactive monoclonal Ig with lysolipids. The clonal nature of lysolipid-binding Ig was validated by protein sequencing. Gene expression profiling and cytogenetic analyses from 2 patient cohorts showed enrichment of nonhyperdiploid tumors in lipid-reactive patients. In vivo antigen-mediated stimulation led to an increase in clonal Ig and plasma cells (PCs) in GD gammopathy and also reactivated previously suppressed antigenically related nonclonal PCs. These data support a model wherein antigenic stimulation mediates an initial polyclonal phase, followed by evolution of monoclonal tumors enriched in nonhyperdiploid genomes, responsive to underlying antigen. Targeting underlying antigens may therefore prevent clinical MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Sng
- Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Anja Seckinger
- Labor für Myelomforschung, Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Navin Rauniyar
- Yale Proteomics Core Facility, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Lopez
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rachael Sexton
- Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dirk Hose
- Labor für Myelomforschung, Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Eric Meffre
- Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine and.,Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gaucher disease, the autosomal recessive deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, is associated with wide phenotypic diversity including non-neuronopathic, acute neuronopathic, and chronic neuronopathic forms. Overlap between types can render definitive diagnoses difficult. However, differentiating between the different phenotypes is essential due to the vast differences in clinical outcomes and response to therapy. Genotypic information is helpful, but cannot always be used to make clinical predictions. Current treatments for Gaucher disease, including enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy, can reverse many of the non-neurological manifestations, but these therapies must be administered continually and are extremely costly. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the literature concerning the varied clinical presentations of Gaucher disease throughout the lifetime, along with treatment options, management goals, and current and future research challenges. A PubMed literature search was performed for relevant publications between 1991 to January 2018. EXPERT COMMENTARY Interest and research in the field of Gaucher disease is rapidly expanding. However, significant barriers remain in our ability to predict phenotype, assess disease progression using objective biomarkers, and determine optimal treatment strategy on an individual basis. As the field grows, we anticipate identification of genetic modifiers, new biomarkers, and small-molecule chaperone therapies, which may improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam E Gary
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Emory Ryan
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Alta M Steward
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- a Medical Genetics Branch , NHGRI, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Sands SA, LeVine SM. Substrate reduction therapy for Krabbe's disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1261-72. [PMID: 27638608 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Krabbe's disease (KD) is a lysosomal storage disorder in which galactosylceramide, a major glycosphingolipid of myelin, and psychosine (galactose-sphingosine) cannot be adequately metabolized because of a deficiency in galactosylceramidase. Substrate reduction therapy (SRT) has been tested in preclinical studies. The premise of SRT is to reduce the synthesis of substrates that are not adequately digested so that the substrate burden is lowered, resulting in less accumulation of unmetabolized material. SRT is used for Gaucher's disease, in which inhibitors of the terminal biosynthetic step are used. Unfortunately, an inhibitor for the final step of galactosylceramide biosynthesis, i.e., UDP glycosyltransferase 8 (a.k.a. UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase), has not been found. Approaches that inhibit an earlier biosynthetic step or that lessen the substrate burden by other means, such as genetic manipulations, have been tested in the twitcher mouse model of KD. Either as a stand-alone therapy or in combination with other approaches, SRT slowed the disease course, indicating that this approach has potential therapeutic value. For instance, in individuals with adult-onset disease, SRT theoretically could lessen the production of substrates so that residual enzymatic activity could adequately manage the lower substrate burden. In more severe forms of disease, SRT theoretically could be part of a combination therapy. However, SRT has the potential to impair normal function by reducing the synthesis of galactosylceramide to levels that impede myelin function, or SRT could have other deleterious effects. Thus, multiple issues need to be resolved before this approach is ready for testing in humans. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sands
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Steven M LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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Beaton B, Monzón JLS, Hughes DA, Pastores GM. Gaucher disease: risk stratification and comorbidities. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1385455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Beaton
- Lysosomal Storage Disorder Unit, Royal Free NHS FT and University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Derralynn A. Hughes
- Lysosomal Storage Disorder Unit, Royal Free NHS FT and University College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology and Palliative Care, Royal Free NHS FT, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregory M. Pastores
- Department of Medicine/National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Spira A, Yurgelun MB, Alexandrov L, Rao A, Bejar R, Polyak K, Giannakis M, Shilatifard A, Finn OJ, Dhodapkar M, Kay NE, Braggio E, Vilar E, Mazzilli SA, Rebbeck TR, Garber JE, Velculescu VE, Disis ML, Wallace DC, Lippman SM. Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1510-1541. [PMID: 28373404 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary L Disis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are infrequent to rare conditions caused by mutations that lead to a disruption in the usual sequential degradation of macromolecules or their transit within the cell. Gaucher disease (GD), a lipidosis, is among the most common LSD, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40,000 among the Caucasian, non-Jewish population. Studies have indicated an increased frequency of polyclonal and monoclonal gammopathy among patients with GD. It has been shown that two major sphingolipids that accumulate in GD, namely, β-glucosylceramide 22:0 (βGL1-22) and glucosylsphingosine (LGL1), can be recognized by a distinct subset of CD1d-restricted human and murine type II natural killer T (NKT) cells. Investigations undertaken in an affected mouse model revealed βGL1-22- and LGL1-specific NKT cells were present and constitutively promoted the expression of a T-follicular helper (TFH) phenotype; injection of these lipids led to downstream induction of germinal center B cells, hypergammaglobulinemia, and the production of antilipid antibodies. Subsequent studies have found clonal immunoglobulin in 33% of sporadic human monoclonal gammopathies is also specific for the lysolipids LGL1 and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Furthermore, substrate reduction ameliorated GD-associated gammopathy in mice. It had been hypothesized that chronic antigenic stimulation by the abnormal lipid storage and associated immune dysregulation may be the underlying mechanism for the increased incidence of monoclonal and polyclonal gammopathies, as well as an increased incidence of multiple myeloma in patients with GD. Current observations support this proposition and illustrate the value of investigations into rare diseases, which as 'experiments of nature' may provide insights into conditions found in the general population that continue to remain incompletely understood.
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41
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Stirnemann J, Belmatoug N, Camou F, Serratrice C, Froissart R, Caillaud C, Levade T, Astudillo L, Serratrice J, Brassier A, Rose C, Billette de Villemeur T, Berger MG. A Review of Gaucher Disease Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020441. [PMID: 28218669 PMCID: PMC5343975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD, ORPHA355) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, which leads to an accumulation of its substrate, glucosylceramide, in macrophages. In the general population, its incidence is approximately 1/40,000 to 1/60,000 births, rising to 1/800 in Ashkenazi Jews. The main cause of the cytopenia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and bone lesions associated with the disease is considered to be the infiltration of the bone marrow, spleen, and liver by Gaucher cells. Type-1 Gaucher disease, which affects the majority of patients (90% in Europe and USA, but less in other regions), is characterized by effects on the viscera, whereas types 2 and 3 are also associated with neurological impairment, either severe in type 2 or variable in type 3. A diagnosis of GD can be confirmed by demonstrating the deficiency of acid glucocerebrosidase activity in leukocytes. Mutations in the GBA1 gene should be identified as they may be of prognostic value in some cases. Patients with type-1 GD-but also carriers of GBA1 mutation-have been found to be predisposed to developing Parkinson's disease, and the risk of neoplasia associated with the disease is still subject to discussion. Disease-specific treatment consists of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using one of the currently available molecules (imiglucerase, velaglucerase, or taliglucerase). Orally administered inhibitors of glucosylceramide biosynthesis can also be used (miglustat or eliglustat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Stirnemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Nadia Belmatoug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reference Center for Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, site Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 100 boulevard du Général Leclerc, F-92110 Clichy la Garenne, France.
| | - Fabrice Camou
- Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint André, CHU de Bordeaux, 1 rue Jean Burguet, F-33075 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Christine Serratrice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Roseline Froissart
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, unité des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et Dépistage Néonatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France.
| | - Catherine Caillaud
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 149 rue de Sèvres, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Leonardo Astudillo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Centre de Recherches en Cancerologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jacques Serratrice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Anaïs Brassier
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MaMEA), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Imagine, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Christian Rose
- Service d'onco-hématologie, Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, Boulevard de Belfort, Université Catholique de Lille, Univ. Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Pathologie du développement, Sorbonne Université, Reference Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 Avenue du docteur Arnold Netter, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - Marc G Berger
- CHU Estaing et Université Clermont Auvergne, Hematology (Biology) et EA 7453 CHELTER, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Aerts JM, Cox TM. Roscoe O. Brady: Physician whose pioneering discoveries in lipid biochemistry revolutionized treatment and understanding of lysosomal diseases. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 68:4-8. [PMID: 28118958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Mistry PK, Lopez G, Schiffmann R, Barton NW, Weinreb NJ, Sidransky E. Gaucher disease: Progress and ongoing challenges. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:8-21. [PMID: 27916601 PMCID: PMC5425955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, tremendous progress has been made in the field of Gaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Many of the colossal achievements took place during the course of the sixty-year tenure of Dr. Roscoe Brady at the National Institutes of Health. These include the recognition of the enzymatic defect involved, the isolation and characterization of the protein, the localization and characterization of the gene and its nearby pseudogene, as well as the identification of the first mutant alleles in patients. The first treatment for Gaucher disease, enzyme replacement therapy, was conceived of, developed and tested at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Advances including recombinant production of the enzyme, the development of mouse models, pioneering gene therapy experiments, high throughput screens of small molecules and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cell models have all helped to catapult research in Gaucher disease into the twenty-first century. The appreciation that mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene are an important risk factor for parkinsonism further expands the impact of this work. However, major challenges still remain, some of which are described here, that will provide opportunities, excitement and discovery for the next generations of Gaucher investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Mistry
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, LMP 1080, P.O. Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, United States.
| | - Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bldg 35A Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, United States.
| | - Norman W Barton
- Therapeutic Area Head Neuroscience, Shire plc, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA 02421, United States.
| | - Neal J Weinreb
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), UHealth Sylvester Coral Springs, 8170 Royal Palm Boulevard, Coral Springs, FL 33065, United States.
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bldg 35A Room 1E623, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Biegstraaten M, Cox TM, Belmatoug N, Berger MG, Collin-Histed T, Vom Dahl S, Di Rocco M, Fraga C, Giona F, Giraldo P, Hasanhodzic M, Hughes DA, Iversen PO, Kiewiet AI, Lukina E, Machaczka M, Marinakis T, Mengel E, Pastores GM, Plöckinger U, Rosenbaum H, Serratrice C, Symeonidis A, Szer J, Timmerman J, Tylki-Szymańska A, Weisz Hubshman M, Zafeiriou DI, Zimran A, Hollak CEM. Management goals for type 1 Gaucher disease: An expert consensus document from the European working group on Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 68:203-208. [PMID: 28274788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher Disease type 1 (GD1) is a lysosomal disorder that affects many systems. Therapy improves the principal manifestations of the condition and, as a consequence, many patients show a modified phenotype which reflects manifestations of their disease that are refractory to treatment. More generally, it is increasingly recognised that information as to how a patient feels and functions [obtained by patient- reported outcome measurements (PROMs)] is critical to any comprehensive evaluation of treatment. A new set of management goals for GD1 in which both trends are reflected is needed. To this end, a modified Delphi procedure among 25 experts was performed. Based on a literature review and with input from patients, 65 potential goals were formulated as statements. Consensus was considered to be reached when ≥75% of the participants agreed to include that specific statement in the management goals. There was agreement on 42 statements. In addition to the traditional goals concerning haematological, visceral and bone manifestations, improvement in quality of life, fatigue and social participation, as well as early detection of long-term complications or associated diseases were included. When applying this set of goals in medical practice, the clinical status of the individual patient should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biegstraaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - T M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - N Belmatoug
- Referral Center for Lysosomal Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, France.
| | - M G Berger
- Department of Biological Haematology, Hospital Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand; EA CREaT 7283, Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | - S Vom Dahl
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - M Di Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Rare Diseases, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
| | - C Fraga
- Department of Haematology, HDES Hospital, Ponta Delgada, Av. D. Manuel I, PDL, Açores, Portugal.
| | - F Giona
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Via Benevento 6, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - P Giraldo
- Translational Research Unit, IIS Aragón, CIBERER, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - M Hasanhodzic
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Genetics, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Children's hospital, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina.
| | - D A Hughes
- University College London, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - P O Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, IMB, University of Oslo, Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A I Kiewiet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Lukina
- Department of Orphan Diseases, National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novy Zykovsky pr., 125167, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Machaczka
- Hematology Center Karolinska, Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - T Marinakis
- Department of Clinical Haematology, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece.
| | - E Mengel
- Villa Metabolica, Center of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - G M Pastores
- Department of Medicine, National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - U Plöckinger
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - H Rosenbaum
- Hematology Day Care Unit, Gaucher Clinic, The Center for Consultant Medicine, Nazareth Towers, Nazareth, Israel.
| | - C Serratrice
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Geneva Trois Chene, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - A Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece.
| | - J Szer
- Department of Clinical Haematology & BMT Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - J Timmerman
- 'Volwassenen, Kinderen, Stofwisselingsziekten', Dutch Patient Organization for Children and Adults with Metabolic Disorders, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | | | - M Weisz Hubshman
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, and Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - D I Zafeiriou
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Hippokratio" General Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - A Zimran
- Gaucher Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - C E M Hollak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
All cases of multiple myeloma (MM) are preceded by precursor states termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering myeloma (SMM). Genetic analyses of MGUS cells have provided evidence that it is a genetically advanced lesion, wherein tumor cells carry many of the genetic changes found in MM cells. Intraclonal heterogeneity is also established early during the MGUS phase. Although the genetic features of MGUS or SMM cells at baseline may predict disease risk, transition to MM involves altered growth of preexisting clones. Recent advances in mouse modeling of MGUS suggest that the clinical dormancy of the clone may be regulated in part by growth controls extrinsic to the tumor cells. Interactions of MGUS cells with immune cells, bone cells, and others in the bone marrow niche may be key regulators of malignant transformation. These interactions involve a bidirectional crosstalk leading to both growth-supporting and inhibitory signals. Because MGUS is already a genetically complex lesion, application of new tools for earlier detection should allow delineation of earlier stages, which we term as pre-MGUS Analyses of populations at increased risk of MGUS also suggest the possible existence of a polyclonal phase preceding the development of MGUS. Monoclonal gammopathy in several patients may have potential clinical significance in spite of low risk of malignancy. Understanding the entire spectrum of these disorders may have broader implications beyond prevention of clinical malignancy.
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Kramer G, Wegdam W, Donker-Koopman W, Ottenhoff R, Gaspar P, Verhoek M, Nelson J, Gabriel T, Kallemeijn W, Boot RG, Laman JD, Vissers JPC, Cox T, Pavlova E, Moran MT, Aerts JM, van Eijk M. Elevation of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in type 1 Gaucher disease patients and mouse models. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:902-13. [PMID: 27642553 PMCID: PMC5011488 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is caused by inherited deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. Proteome analysis of laser‐dissected splenic Gaucher cells revealed increased amounts of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (gpNMB). Plasma gpNMB was also elevated, correlating with chitotriosidase and CCL18, which are established markers for human Gaucher cells. In Gaucher mice, gpNMB is also produced by Gaucher cells. Correction of glucocerebrosidase deficiency in mice by gene transfer or pharmacological substrate reduction reverses gpNMB abnormalities. In conclusion, gpNMB acts as a marker for glucosylceramide‐laden macrophages in man and mouse and gpNMB should be considered as candidate biomarker for Gaucher disease in treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertjan Kramer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands; European Molecular Biology Laboratory Germany
| | - Wouter Wegdam
- Department of Gynecology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wilma Donker-Koopman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Organelle Biogenesis & Function Group Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S) Porto Portugal; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC) Universidade do Porto Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) Universidade do Porto Portugal
| | - Marri Verhoek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Nelson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tanit Gabriel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Neuroscience University Medical Center Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Timothy Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UK
| | - Elena Pavlova
- Department of Internal Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UK
| | | | - Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
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Astudillo L, Therville N, Colacios C, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T. Glucosylceramidases and malignancies in mammals. Biochimie 2016; 125:267-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Smid BE, Ferraz MJ, Verhoek M, Mirzaian M, Wisse P, Overkleeft HS, Hollak CE, Aerts JM. Biochemical response to substrate reduction therapy versus enzyme replacement therapy in Gaucher disease type 1 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:28. [PMID: 27008851 PMCID: PMC4806476 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We retrospectively compared biochemical responses in type 1 Gaucher disease patients to treatment with glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitors miglustat and eliglustat and ERT. Methods Seventeen GD1 patients were included (n = 6 eliglustat, (two switched from ERT), n = 9 miglustat (seven switchers), n = 4 ERT (median dose 60U/kg/m). Plasma protein markers reflecting disease burden (chitotriosidase, CCL18) and lipids reflecting substrate accumulation (glucosylsphingosine, glucosylceramide) were determined. Also, liver and spleen volumes, hemoglobin, platelets, and fat fraction were measured. Results In patients naïve to treatment, chitotriosidase, CCL18 and glucosylsphingosine decreased comparably upon eliglustat and ERT treatment, while the response to miglustat was less. After 2 years, median decrease of chitotriosidase was 89 % (range 77–98), 88 % (78–92) and 37 % (29–46) for eliglustat, ERT and miglustat naïve patients respectively; decrease of CCL18 was 73 % (63–78), 54 % (43–86), and 10 % (3–18); decrease of glucosylsphingosine was 86 % (78–93), 78 % (65–91), 48 % (46–50). Plasma glucosylceramide in eliglustat treated patients (n = 4) reached values below the normal range (n = 20 healthy controls). Biochemical markers decreased or stabilized in switchers from ERT to eliglustat (n = 2), but less in miglustat switchers (n = 7). Clinical parameters responded comparably upon eliglustat and ERT treatment. Conclusions Our explorative study provides evidence that biochemical markers respond comparably in patients receiving eliglustat treatment and ERT, while the corresponding response to miglustat treatment is less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien E Smid
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marri Verhoek
- Department of Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Wisse
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carla E Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, room number 0.3.15, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Antigen-driven selection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of monoclonal gammopathies. Patients with Gaucher's disease have an increased risk of monoclonal gammopathies. Here we show that the clonal immunoglobulin in patients with Gaucher's disease and in mouse models of Gaucher's disease-associated gammopathy is reactive against lyso-glucosylceramide (LGL1), which is markedly elevated in these patients and mice. Clonal immunoglobulin in 33% of sporadic human monoclonal gammopathies is also specific for the lysolipids LGL1 and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Substrate reduction ameliorates Gaucher's disease-associated gammopathy in mice. Thus, long-term immune activation by lysolipids may underlie both Gaucher's disease-associated gammopathies and some sporadic monoclonal gammopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Nair
- From the Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology (S.N., A.R.B., C.S.B., M.V.D.), Section of Digestive Diseases (J.L., P.K.M.), Yale Liver Center (P.K.M.), and Yale Cancer Center (M.V.D.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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50
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Ferraz MJ, Marques ARA, Gaspar P, Mirzaian M, van Roomen C, Ottenhoff R, Alfonso P, Irún P, Giraldo P, Wisse P, Sá Miranda C, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JM. Lyso-glycosphingolipid abnormalities in different murine models of lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:186-93. [PMID: 26750750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In lysosomal glycosphingolipid storage disorders, marked elevations in corresponding glycosphingoid bases (lyso-glycosphingolipids) have been reported, such as galactosylsphingosine in Krabbe disease, glucosylsphingosine in Gaucher disease and globotriaosylsphingosine in Fabry disease. Using LC–MS/MS, we comparatively investigated the occurrence of abnormal lyso-glycosphingolipids in tissues and plasma of mice with deficiencies in lysosomal α-galactosidase A, glucocerebrosidase and galactocerebrosidase. The nature and specificity of lyso-glycosphingolipid abnormalities are reported and compared to that in correspondingly more abundant N-acylated glycosphingolipids. Specific elevations in tissue and plasma globotriaosylsphingosine were detected in α-galactosidase A-deficient mice; glucosylsphingosine in glucocerebrosidase-deficient mice and galactosylsphingosine in galactocerebrosidase-deficient animals. A similar investigation was conducted for two mouse models of Niemann Pick type C (Npc1nih and Npc1nmf164), revealing significant tissue elevation of several neutral glycosphingolipids and concomitant increased plasma glucosylsphingosine. This latter finding was recapitulated by analysis of plasma of NPC patients. The value of plasma glucosylsphingosine in biochemical confirmation of the diagnosis of NPC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André R A Marques
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Organelle Biogenesis & Function Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Lysosome and Peroxisome Biology Unit (UniLiPe), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Alfonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Giraldo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Unidad de Investigación Translacional, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patrick Wisse
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Sá Miranda
- Organelle Biogenesis & Function Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Lysosome and Peroxisome Biology Unit (UniLiPe), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333, CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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