1
|
Mukherjee A, Maheshwari U, Sharma V, Sharma A, Kumar S. Functional insight into multi-omics-based interventions for climatic resilience in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): a nutritionally rich cereal crop. PLANTA 2024; 259:91. [PMID: 38480598 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The article highlights omics-based interventions in sorghum to combat food and nutritional scarcity in the future. Sorghum with its unique ability to thrive in adverse conditions, has become a tremendous highly nutritive, and multipurpose cereal crop. It is resistant to various types of climatic stressors which will pave its way to a future food crop. Multi-omics refers to the comprehensive study of an organism at multiple molecular levels, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Genomic studies have provided insights into the genetic diversity of sorghum and led to the development of genetically improved sorghum. Transcriptomics involves analysing the gene expression patterns in sorghum under various conditions. This knowledge is vital for developing crop varieties with enhanced stress tolerance. Proteomics enables the identification and quantification of the proteins present in sorghum. This approach helps in understanding the functional roles of specific proteins in response to stress and provides insights into metabolic pathways that contribute to resilience and grain production. Metabolomics studies the small molecules, or metabolites, produced by sorghum, provides information about the metabolic pathways that are activated or modified in response to environmental stress. This knowledge can be used to engineer sorghum varieties with improved metabolic efficiency, ultimately leading to better crop yields. In this review, we have focused on various multi-omics approaches, gene expression analysis, and different pathways for the improvement of Sorghum. Applying omics approaches to sorghum research allows for a holistic understanding of its genome function. This knowledge is invaluable for addressing challenges such as climate change, resource limitations, and the need for sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherjee
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Uma Maheshwari
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, Crop and Soil Science, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173230, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chai YN, Qi Y, Goren E, Chiniquy D, Sheflin AM, Tringe SG, Prenni JE, Liu P, Schachtman DP. Root-associated bacterial communities and root metabolite composition are linked to nitrogen use efficiency in sorghum. mSystems 2024; 9:e0119023. [PMID: 38132569 PMCID: PMC10804983 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01190-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cereal crops with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a priority for worldwide agriculture. In addition to conventional plant breeding and genetic engineering, the use of the plant microbiome offers another approach to improving crop NUE. To gain insight into the bacterial communities associated with sorghum lines that differ in NUE, a field experiment was designed comparing 24 diverse Sorghum bicolor lines under sufficient and deficient nitrogen (N). Amplicon sequencing and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to characterize the bacterial communities and the root metabolome associated with sorghum genotypes varying in sensitivity to low N. We demonstrated that N stress and sorghum type (energy, sweet, and grain sorghum) significantly impacted the root-associated bacterial communities and root metabolite composition of sorghum. We found a positive correlation between sorghum NUE and bacterial richness and diversity in the rhizosphere. The greater alpha diversity in high NUE lines was associated with the decreased abundance of a dominant bacterial taxon, Pseudomonas. Multiple strong correlations were detected between root metabolites and rhizosphere bacterial communities in response to low N stress. This indicates that the shift in the sorghum microbiome due to low N is associated with the root metabolites of the host plant. Taken together, our findings suggest that host genetic regulation of root metabolites plays a role in defining the root-associated microbiome of sorghum genotypes differing in NUE and tolerance to low N stress.IMPORTANCEThe development of crops that are more nitrogen use-efficient (NUE) is critical for the future of the enhanced sustainability of agriculture worldwide. This objective has been pursued mainly through plant breeding and plant molecular engineering, but these approaches have had only limited success. Therefore, a different strategy that leverages soil microbes needs to be fully explored because it is known that soil microbes improve plant growth through multiple mechanisms. To design approaches that use the soil microbiome to increase NUE, it will first be essential to understand the relationship among soil microbes, root metabolites, and crop productivity. Using this approach, we demonstrated that certain key metabolites and specific microbes are associated with high and low sorghum NUE in a field study. This important information provides a new path forward for developing crop genotypes that have increased NUE through the positive contribution of soil microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ning Chai
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yunhui Qi
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Emily Goren
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dawn Chiniquy
- Environmental Genomics and System Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Amy M. Sheflin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susannah G. Tringe
- Environmental Genomics and System Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jessica E. Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel P. Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grzybowski MW, Zwiener M, Jin H, Wijewardane NK, Atefi A, Naldrett MJ, Alvarez S, Ge Y, Schnable JC. Variation in morpho-physiological and metabolic responses to low nitrogen stress across the sorghum association panel. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:433. [PMID: 36076172 PMCID: PMC9461132 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to biologically available nitrogen is a key constraint on plant growth in both natural and agricultural settings. Variation in tolerance to nitrogen deficit stress and productivity in nitrogen limited conditions exists both within and between plant species. However, our understanding of changes in different phenotypes under long term low nitrogen stress and their impact on important agronomic traits, such as yield, is still limited. RESULTS Here we quantified variation in the metabolic, physiological, and morphological responses of a sorghum association panel assembled to represent global genetic diversity to long term, nitrogen deficit stress and the relationship of these responses to grain yield under both conditions. Grain yield exhibits substantial genotype by environment interaction while many other morphological and physiological traits exhibited consistent responses to nitrogen stress across the population. Large scale nontargeted metabolic profiling for a subset of lines in both conditions identified a range of metabolic responses to long term nitrogen deficit stress. Several metabolites were associated with yield under high and low nitrogen conditions. CONCLUSION Our results highlight that grain yield in sorghum, unlike many morpho-physiological traits, exhibits substantial variability of genotype specific responses to long term low severity nitrogen deficit stress. Metabolic response to long term nitrogen stress shown higher proportion of variability explained by genotype specific responses than did morpho-pysiological traits and several metabolites were correlated with yield. This suggest, that it might be possible to build predictive models using metabolite abundance to estimate which sorghum genotypes will exhibit greater or lesser decreases in yield in response to nitrogen deficit, however further research needs to be done to evaluate such model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W Grzybowski
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
- Department of Plant Molecular Ecophysiology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsw, Poland.
| | - Mackenzie Zwiener
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Nuwan K Wijewardane
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
| | - Abbas Atefi
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
- California Strawberry Commission, San Luis Obispo, USA
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
| | - Yufeng Ge
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
| | - James C Schnable
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berry JC, Qi M, Sonawane BV, Sheflin A, Cousins A, Prenni J, Schachtman DP, Liu P, Bart RS. Increased signal-to-noise ratios within experimental field trials by regressing spatially distributed soil properties as principal components. eLife 2022; 11:70056. [PMID: 35819140 PMCID: PMC9275819 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental variability poses a major challenge to any field study. Researchers attempt to mitigate this challenge through replication. Thus, the ability to detect experimental signals is determined by the degree of replication and the amount of environmental variation, noise, within the experimental system. A major source of noise in field studies comes from the natural heterogeneity of soil properties which create microtreatments throughout the field. In addition, the variation within different soil properties is often nonrandomly distributed across a field. We explore this challenge through a sorghum field trial dataset with accompanying plant, microbiome, and soil property data. Diverse sorghum genotypes and two watering regimes were applied in a split-plot design. We describe a process of identifying, estimating, and controlling for the effects of spatially distributed soil properties on plant traits and microbial communities using minimal degrees of freedom. Importantly, this process provides a method with which sources of environmental variation in field data can be identified and adjusted, improving our ability to resolve effects of interest and to quantify subtle phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, United States
| | - Mingsheng Qi
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, United States
| | - Balasaheb V Sonawane
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - Amy Sheflin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Asaph Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - Jessica Prenni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Daniel P Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Rebecca S Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Advances in Plant Metabolomics and Its Applications in Stress and Single-Cell Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136985. [PMID: 35805979 PMCID: PMC9266571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the post-genomic era envisaged high-throughput technologies, resulting in more species with available genome sequences. In-depth multi-omics approaches have evolved to integrate cellular processes at various levels into a systems biology knowledge base. Metabolomics plays a crucial role in molecular networking to bridge the gaps between genotypes and phenotypes. However, the greater complexity of metabolites with diverse chemical and physical properties has limited the advances in plant metabolomics. For several years, applications of liquid/gas chromatography (LC/GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been constantly developed. Recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS has shown utility in resolving isomeric and isobaric metabolites. Both MS and NMR combined metabolomics significantly increased the identification and quantification of metabolites in an untargeted and targeted manner. Thus, hyphenated metabolomics tools will narrow the gap between the number of metabolite features and the identified metabolites. Metabolites change in response to environmental conditions, including biotic and abiotic stress factors. The spatial distribution of metabolites across different organs, tissues, cells and cellular compartments is a trending research area in metabolomics. Herein, we review recent technological advancements in metabolomics and their applications in understanding plant stress biology and different levels of spatial organization. In addition, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in multiple stress interactions, multi-omics, and single-cell metabolomics.
Collapse
|
6
|
Variation in Root Exudate Composition Influences Soil Microbiome Membership and Function. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0022622. [PMID: 35536051 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00226-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Root exudation is one of the primary processes that mediate interactions between plant roots, microorganisms, and the soil matrix, yet the mechanisms by which exudation alters microbial metabolism in soils have been challenging to unravel. Here, utilizing distinct sorghum genotypes, we characterized the chemical heterogeneity between root exudates and the effects of that variability on soil microbial membership and metabolism. Distinct exudate chemical profiles were quantified and used to formulate synthetic root exudate treatments: a high-organic-acid treatment (HOT) and a high-sugar treatment (HST). To parse the response of the soil microbiome to different exudate regimens, laboratory soil reactors were amended with these root exudate treatments as well as a nonexudate control. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene illustrated distinct microbial diversity patterns and membership in response to HST, HOT, or control amendments. Exometabolite changes reflected these microbial community changes, and we observed enrichment of organic and amino acids, as well as possible phytohormones in the HST relative to the HOT and control. Linking the metabolic capacity of metagenome-assembled genomes in the HST to the exometabolite patterns, we identified microorganisms that could produce these phytohormones. Our findings emphasize the tractability of high-resolution multiomics tools to investigate soil microbiomes, opening the possibility of manipulating native microbial communities to improve specific soil microbial functions and enhance crop production. IMPORTANCE Decrypting the chemical interactions between plant roots and the soil microbiome is a gateway for future manipulation and management of the rhizosphere, a soil compartment critical to promoting plant fitness and yields. Our experimental results demonstrate how soil microbial community and genomic diversity is influenced by root exudates of differing chemical compositions and how changes in this microbiome result in altered production of plant-relevant metabolites. Together, these findings demonstrate the tractability of high-resolution multiomics tools to investigate soil microbiomes and provide new information on plant-soil environments useful for the development of efficient and precise microbiota management strategies in agricultural systems.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kansman JT, Basu S, Casteel CL, Crowder DW, Lee BW, Nihranz CT, Finke DL. Plant Water Stress Reduces Aphid Performance: Exploring Mechanisms Driven by Water Stress Intensity. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.846908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought alters plant traits in ways that affect herbivore performance. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the plant-derived mechanisms that mediate insect responses to drought. Water stress occurs along gradients of intensity, and the impacts of drought intensity on plant-insect interactions is understudied. Here, we assessed aphid performance on wheat plants exposed to a gradient of water stress and measured plant nutrients and phytohormones that may mediate aphid response to drought. We show that water stress reduced aphid performance, and the negative effect grew stronger as the magnitude of water stress increased. The plant response to water limitation was not consistent across the stress gradient and was reliant on the trait measured. Water limitation did not affect whole-plant nitrogen; however, water limitation did reduce amino acid concentration and increase sugars, but only under high stress intensity. The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA), and the expression of their associated gene transcripts, were also differentially affected by water stress intensity. In well-watered conditions, aphid feeding increased concentrations of the defense-related hormones SA and JA over time; however, any amount of water limitation prevented aphid induction of JA. Although aphids may experience a reprieve from JA-related defenses in stressed conditions, SA levels remain high in response to aphid feeding, indicating aphids are still vulnerable to SA-related defenses. Any level of water stress also increased the expression of a callose-associated gene transcript, a physical defense that impairs feeding. Thus, poor aphid performance on mildly-stressed plants was correlated with increased plant defenses, whereas poor performance on highly-stressed plants was correlated with stronger plant defense induction and reduced plant nutritional quality. Understanding the mechanisms driving aphid and plant performance under water stress conditions can improve our ability to predict how aphid populations will respond to climate change.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaur B, Sandhu KS, Kamal R, Kaur K, Singh J, Röder MS, Muqaddasi QH. Omics for the Improvement of Abiotic, Biotic, and Agronomic Traits in Major Cereal Crops: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101989. [PMID: 34685799 PMCID: PMC8541486 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Omics technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, are becoming an integral part of virtually every commercial cereal crop breeding program, as they provide substantial dividends per unit time in both pre-breeding and breeding phases. Continuous advances in omics assure time efficiency and cost benefits to improve cereal crops. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the established omics methods in five major cereals, namely rice, sorghum, maize, barley, and bread wheat. We cover the evolution of technologies in each omics section independently and concentrate on their use to improve economically important agronomic as well as biotic and abiotic stress-related traits. Advancements in the (1) identification, mapping, and sequencing of molecular/structural variants; (2) high-density transcriptomics data to study gene expression patterns; (3) global and targeted proteome profiling to study protein structure and interaction; (4) metabolomic profiling to quantify organ-level, small-density metabolites, and their composition; and (5) high-resolution, high-throughput, image-based phenomics approaches are surveyed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Kaur
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3200 E. Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA;
| | - Karansher S. Sandhu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA;
| | - Roop Kamal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (R.K.); or (M.S.R.)
| | - Kawalpreet Kaur
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Marion S. Röder
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (R.K.); or (M.S.R.)
| | - Quddoos H. Muqaddasi
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (R.K.); or (M.S.R.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goren E, Wang C, He Z, Sheflin AM, Chiniquy D, Prenni JE, Tringe S, Schachtman DP, Liu P. Feature selection and causal analysis for microbiome studies in the presence of confounding using standardization. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:362. [PMID: 34229628 PMCID: PMC8261956 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome studies have uncovered associations between microbes and human, animal, and plant health outcomes. This has led to an interest in developing microbial interventions for treatment of disease and optimization of crop yields which requires identification of microbiome features that impact the outcome in the population of interest. That task is challenging because of the high dimensionality of microbiome data and the confounding that results from the complex and dynamic interactions among host, environment, and microbiome. In the presence of such confounding, variable selection and estimation procedures may have unsatisfactory performance in identifying microbial features with an effect on the outcome. RESULTS In this manuscript, we aim to estimate population-level effects of individual microbiome features while controlling for confounding by a categorical variable. Due to the high dimensionality and confounding-induced correlation between features, we propose feature screening, selection, and estimation conditional on each stratum of the confounder followed by a standardization approach to estimation of population-level effects of individual features. Comprehensive simulation studies demonstrate the advantages of our approach in recovering relevant features. Utilizing a potential-outcomes framework, we outline assumptions required to ascribe causal, rather than associational, interpretations to the identified microbiome effects. We conducted an agricultural study of the rhizosphere microbiome of sorghum in which nitrogen fertilizer application is a confounding variable. In this study, the proposed approach identified microbial taxa that are consistent with biological understanding of potential plant-microbe interactions. CONCLUSIONS Standardization enables more accurate identification of individual microbiome features with an effect on the outcome of interest compared to other variable selection and estimation procedures when there is confounding by a categorical variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Goren
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 2203 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Zhulin He
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Amy M Sheflin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, 301 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawn Chiniquy
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, 301 University Ave, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Susannah Tringe
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Daniel P Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, 1825 N 38th St, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, 2438 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sweet Sorghum Genotypes Tolerant and Sensitive to Nitrogen Stress Select Distinct Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061329. [PMID: 34207412 PMCID: PMC8234256 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The belowground microbiomes have many beneficial functions that assist plant growth, including nutrient cycling, acquisition and transport, as well as alleviation of stresses caused by nutrient limitations such as nitrogen (N). Here we analyzed the root endosphere, rhizosphere and soil bacterial communities of seven sweet sorghum genotypes differing in sensitivity to N-stress. Sorghum genotypes were grown in fields with no (low-N) or sufficient (high-N) N. The dry shoot weight ratio (low-N/high-N) was used to determine N-stress sensitivity. Our hypothesis was that genotypes tolerant and sensitive to N-stress select distinct bacterial communities. The endosphere and rhizosphere bacterial community structure were significantly different between the N-stress sensitive and tolerant genotypes in the high-N field, but not in the low-N field. However, significant changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa were observed in both fields. Streptomyces, a bacterial genus known to alleviate plant abiotic stresses, was enriched in the endosphere and rhizosphere of the tolerant genotypes in the low-N field. Our study indicates that sweet sorghum genotypes tolerant to N-stress select taxa that can potentially mitigate the N-stress, suggesting that the interactions between N-stress tolerant lines and the root-associated microbiome might be vital for coping with N-stress.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chai YN, Ge Y, Stoerger V, Schachtman DP. High-resolution phenotyping of sorghum genotypic and phenotypic responses to low nitrogen and synthetic microbial communities. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1611-1626. [PMID: 33495990 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been placed on developing microbial inoculants to replace or supplement fertilizers to improve crop productivity and environmental sustainability. However, many studies ignore the dynamics of plant-microbe interactions and the genotypic specificity of the host plant on the outcome of microbial inoculation. Thus, it is important to study temporal plant responses to inoculation in multiple genotypes within a single species. With the implementation of high-throughput phenotyping, the dynamics of biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation of four sorghum genotypes with contrasting N-use efficiency were monitored upon the inoculation with synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) under high and low-N. Five SynComs comprising bacteria isolated from field grown sorghum were designed based on the overall phylar composition of bacteria and the enriched host compartment determined from a field-based culture independent study of the sorghum microbiome. We demonstrated that the growth response of sorghum to SynCom inoculation is genotype-specific and dependent on plant N status. The sorghum genotypes that were N-use inefficient were more susceptible to the colonization from a diverse set of inoculated bacteria as compared to the N-use efficient lines especially under low-N. By integrating high-throughput phenotyping with sequencing data, our findings highlight the roles of host genotype and plant nutritional status in determining colonization by bacterial synthetic communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ning Chai
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yufeng Ge
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, L.W. Chase Hall 203, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vincent Stoerger
- Agricultural Research Division, Greenhouse Innovation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Daniel P Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paponov M, Arakelyan A, Dobrev PI, Verheul MJ, Paponov IA. Nitrogen Deficiency and Synergism between Continuous Light and Root Ammonium Supply Modulate Distinct but Overlapping Patterns of Phytohormone Composition in Xylem Sap of Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:573. [PMID: 33803638 PMCID: PMC8003008 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous light (CL) or a predominant nitrogen supply as ammonium (NH4+) can induce leaf chlorosis and inhibit plant growth. The similarity in injuries caused by CL and NH4+ suggests involvement of overlapping mechanisms in plant responses to these conditions; however, these mechanisms are poorly understood. We addressed this topic by conducting full factorial experiments with tomato plants to investigate the effects of NO3- or NH4+ supply under diurnal light (DL) or CL. We used plants at ages of 26 and 15 days after sowing to initiate the treatments, and we modulated the intensity of the stress induced by CL and an exclusive NH4+ supply from mild to strong. Under DL, we also studied the effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency and mixed application of NO3- and NH4+. Under strong stress, CL and exclusive NH4+ supply synergistically inhibited plant growth and reduced chlorophyll content. Under mild stress, when no synergetic effect between CL and NH4+ was apparent on plant growth and chlorophyll content, we found a synergetic effect of CL and NH4+ on the accumulation of several plant stress hormones, with an especially strong effect for jasmonic acid (JA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene, in xylem sap. This modulation of the hormonal composition suggests a potential role for these plant hormones in plant growth responses to the combined application of CL and NH4+. No synergetic effect was observed between CL and NH4+ for the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates or of mineral ions, indicating that these plant traits are less sensitive than the modulation of hormonal composition in xylem sap to the combined CL and NH4+ application. Under diurnal light, NH4+ did not affect the hormonal composition of xylem sap; however, N deficiency strongly increased the concentrations of phaseic acid (PA), JA, and salicylic acid (SA), indicating that decreased N concentration rather than the presence of NO3- or NH4+ in the nutrient solution drives the hormone composition of the xylem sap. In conclusion, N deficiency or a combined application of CL and NH4+ induced the accumulation of JA in xylem sap. This accumulation, in combination with other plant hormones, defines the specific plant response to stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paponov
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Food Production and Society, P.O. Box 115, NO 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.P.); (M.J.V.)
| | - Aleksandr Arakelyan
- Department of Agronomy, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan 0009, Armenia;
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Michel J. Verheul
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Food Production and Society, P.O. Box 115, NO 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.P.); (M.J.V.)
| | - Ivan A. Paponov
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Food Production and Society, P.O. Box 115, NO 1431 Ås, Norway; (M.P.); (M.J.V.)
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chiniquy D, Barnes EM, Zhou J, Hartman K, Li X, Sheflin A, Pella A, Marsh E, Prenni J, Deutschbauer AM, Schachtman DP, Tringe SG. Microbial Community Field Surveys Reveal Abundant Pseudomonas Population in Sorghum Rhizosphere Composed of Many Closely Related Phylotypes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:598180. [PMID: 33767674 PMCID: PMC7985074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.598180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the root-associated microbiome is typically less diverse than the surrounding soil due to both plant selection and microbial competition for plant derived resources, it typically retains considerable complexity, harboring many hundreds of distinct bacterial species. Here, we report a time-dependent deviation from this trend in the rhizospheres of field grown sorghum. In this study, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to determine the impact of nitrogen fertilization on the development of the root-associated microbiomes of 10 sorghum genotypes grown in eastern Nebraska. We observed that early rhizosphere samples exhibit a significant reduction in overall diversity due to a high abundance of the bacterial genus Pseudomonas that occurred independent of host genotype in both high and low nitrogen fields and was not observed in the surrounding soil or associated root endosphere samples. When clustered at 97% identity, nearly all the Pseudomonas reads in this dataset were assigned to a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU); however, exact sequence variant (ESV)-level resolution demonstrated that this population comprised a large number of distinct Pseudomonas lineages. Furthermore, single-molecule long-read sequencing enabled high-resolution taxonomic profiling revealing further heterogeneity in the Pseudomonas lineages that was further confirmed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Finally, field soil enriched with specific carbon compounds recapitulated the increase in Pseudomonas, suggesting a possible connection between the enrichment of these Pseudomonas species and a plant-driven exudate profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Chiniquy
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Department of Energy, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Elle M Barnes
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jinglie Zhou
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Kyle Hartman
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Department of Energy, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Amy Sheflin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Allyn Pella
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ellen Marsh
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jessica Prenni
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Daniel P Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Susannah G Tringe
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Department of Energy, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun X, Guo Z, Jiang Y, Qin L, Shi Z, Dong L, Xiong L, Yuan R, Deng W, Wu H, Liu Q, Xie F, Chen Y. Differential Metabolomic Responses of Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars to Low Nitrogen Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:808772. [PMID: 35154204 PMCID: PMC8831703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a cool-season turfgrass species that responds strongly to nitrogen (N), but the metabolomic responses of this grass species to N supply is unknown. The N-tolerant cultivar Bluemoon and N-sensitive cultivar Balin were exposed to normal N (15 mM) and low N (0.5 mM) for 21 days for identification of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) between normal N and low N treatments. Balin had more reductions of chlorophyll and total soluble protein concentrations and a higher accumulation of superoxide radicals under low N stress. A total of 99 known DEMs were identified in either cultivar or both including 22 amino acids and derivatives, 16 carbohydrates, 29 organic acids, and 32 other metabolites. In Bluemoon, β-alanine metabolism was most enriched, followed by alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. In Balin, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were most enriched, followed by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA), glyoxylate and decarbohydrate metabolism, and carbon fixation. Bluemoon generally maintained higher TCA cycle capacity and had more downregulated amino acids, while changes in more organic acids occurred in Balin under low N stress. Some metabolite changes by low-N stress were cultivar-specific. The results suggested that regulation of metabolites related to energy production or energy saving could contribute to low N tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ligang Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenjie Shi
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liangbing Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Runli Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanfu Wu
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuchun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Fuchun Xie,
| | - Yajun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yajun Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sang Z, Yang C, Yuan H, Wang Y, Jabu D, Xu Q. Insights into the metabolic responses of two contrasting Tibetan hulless barley genotypes under low nitrogen stress. Bioinformation 2020; 15:845-852. [PMID: 32256004 PMCID: PMC7088427 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants. However, excessive use of N fertilizer for cultivation is an environmental hazard. A good adaption to N deficiency is known in
the Tibetan hulless barley. Therefore, it is of interest to complete the metabolic analysis on LSZQK which is a low nitrogen (low-N) sensitive genotype and Z0284 that is tolerant to
low-N. We identified and quantified 750 diverse metabolites in this analysis. The two genotypes show differences in their basal metabolome under normal N condition. Polyphenols and
lipids related metabolites were significantly enriched in Z0284 having a basal role prior to exposure to low-N stress. Analysis of the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM)
induced by low-N explain the genotype-specific responses. Fourteen DAMs showed similar patterns of change between low-N and control conditions in both genotypes. This could be the core
low-N responsive metabolites regardless of the tolerance level in hulless barley. We also identified 4 DAMs (serotonin, MAG (18:4) isomer 2, tricin 7-O-feruloylhexoside and gluconic
acid) shared by both genotypes displaying opposite patterns of regulation under low-N conditions and may play important roles in low-N tolerance. This report provides a theoretical
basis for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low-N stress tolerance in hulless barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zha Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Chunbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Dunzhu Jabu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou T, Yue CP, Huang JY, Cui JQ, Liu Y, Wang WM, Tian C, Hua YP. Genome-wide identification of the amino acid permease genes and molecular characterization of their transcriptional responses to various nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:151. [PMID: 32268885 PMCID: PMC7140331 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N), referred to as a "life element", is a macronutrient essential for optimal plant growth and yield production. Amino acid (AA) permease (AAP) genes play pivotal roles in root import, long-distance translocation, remobilization of organic amide-N from source organs to sinks, and other environmental stress responses. However, few systematic analyses of AAPs have been reported in Brassica napus so far. RESULTS In this study, we identified a total of 34 full-length AAP genes representing eight subgroups (AAP1-8) from the allotetraploid rapeseed genome (AnAnCnCn, 2n = 4x = 38). Great differences in the homolog number among the BnaAAP subgroups might indicate their significant differential roles in the growth and development of rapeseed plants. The BnaAAPs were phylogenetically divided into three evolutionary clades, and the members in the same subgroups had similar physiochemical characteristics, gene/protein structures, and conserved AA transport motifs. Darwin's evolutionary analysis suggested that BnaAAPs were subjected to strong purifying selection pressure. Cis-element analysis showed potential differential transcriptional regulation of AAPs between the model Arabidopsis and B. napus. Differential expression of BnaAAPs under nitrate limitation, ammonium excess, phosphate shortage, boron deficiency, cadmium toxicity, and salt stress conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses. CONCLUSIONS The genome-wide identification of BnaAAPs will provide a comprehensive insight into their family evolution and AAP-mediated AA transport under diverse abiotic stresses. The molecular characterization of core AAPs can provide elite gene resources and contribute to the genetic improvement of crop stress resistance through the modulation of AA transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Cai-peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Jin-yong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Jia-qian Cui
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Wen-ming Wang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Chuang Tian
- Sinochem Modern Agricultural Platform, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Ying-peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The dynamic responses of plant physiology and metabolism during environmental stress progression. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1459-1470. [PMID: 31823123 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At adverse environmental conditions, plants produce various kinds of primary and secondary metabolites to protect themselves. Both primary and secondary metabolites play a significant role during the heat, drought, salinity, genotoxic and cold conditions. A multigene response is activated during the progression of these stresses in the plants which stimulate changes in various signaling molecules, amino acids, proteins, primary and secondary metabolites. Plant metabolism is perturbed because of either the inhibition of metabolic enzymes, shortage of substrates, excess demand for specific compounds or a combination of these factors. In this review, we aim to present how plants synthesize different kinds of natural products during the perception of various abiotic stresses. We also discuss how time-scale variable stresses influence secondary metabolite profiles, could be used as a stress marker in plants. This article has the potential to get the attention of researchers working in the area of quantitative trait locus mapping using metabolites as well as metabolomics genome-wide association.
Collapse
|