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Niu X, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Wuethrich A, Lobb R, Trau M. Analysis of secreted small extracellular vesicles from activated human microglial cell lines reveals distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory proteomic profiles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300094. [PMID: 38343172 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are a specialized population of innate immune cells located in the central nervous system. In response to physiological and pathological changes in their microenvironment, microglia can polarize into pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. A dysregulation in the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance is associated with many pathophysiological changes in the brain and nervous system. Therefore, the balance between microglia pro-/anti-inflammatory polarization can be a potential biomarker for the various brain pathologies. A non-invasive method of detecting microglia polarization in patients would have promising clinical applications. Here, we perform proteomic analysis of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from microglia cells to identify sEVs biomarkers indicative of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypic changes. sEVs were isolated from microglia cell lines under different inflammatory conditions and analyzed by proteomics by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Our findings provide the potential roles of sEVs that could be related to the pathogenesis of various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Niu
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Quan Zhou
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Lobb
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Nair S, Razo-Azamar M, Jayabalan N, Dalgaard LT, Palacios-González B, Sørensen A, Kampmann U, Handberg A, Carrion F, Salomon C. Advances in extracellular vesicles as mediators of cell-to-cell communication in pregnancy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:86-98. [PMID: 38233286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a novel and emerging area of research, especially during pregnancy, in which placenta derived EVs can facilitate the feto-maternal communication. EVs comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicle sub-populations with diverse physical and biochemical characteristics and originate by specific biogenesis mechanisms. EVs transfer molecular cargo (including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) between cells and are critical mediators of cell communication. There is growing interest among researchers to explore into the molecular cargo of EVs and their functions in a physiological and pathological context. For example, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are shown to be released in EVs and EVs derived from immune cells play key roles in mediating the immune response as well as immunoregulatory pathways. Pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with altered levels of circulating EVs, with differential EV cargo and bioactivity in target cells. This implicates the intriguing roles of EVs in reprogramming the maternal physiology during pregnancy. Moreover, the capacity of EVs to carry bioactive molecules makes them a promising tool for biomarker development and targeted therapies in pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles played by EVs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders and describes the potential of EVs to be translated into clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Nanthini Jayabalan
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico
| | - Anne Sørensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Wang Y, Xiao T, Zhao C, Li G. The Regulation of Exosome Generation and Function in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:255. [PMID: 38203424 PMCID: PMC10779122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle with a diameter of approximately 100 nm that is secreted by all cells, regulate the phenotype and function of recipient cells by carrying molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids and are important mediators of intercellular communication. Exosomes are involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as immunomodulation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Due to their excellent properties, exosomes have shown their potential application in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease. The functions of exosomes depend on their biogenesis, uptake, and composition. Thus, a deeper understanding of these processes and regulatory mechanisms can help to find new targets for disease diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, this review summarizes and integrates the recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of the entire biological process of exosomes, starting from the formation of early-sorting endosomes (ESCs) by plasma membrane invagination to the release of exosomes by fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane, as well as the regulatory process of the interactions between exosomes and recipient cells. We also describe and discuss the regulatory mechanisms of exosome production in tumor cells and the potential of exosomes used in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.W.); (T.X.); (C.Z.)
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4
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Kim O, Tran PT, Gal M, Lee SJ, Na SH, Hwangbo C, Lee JH. RAS‑stimulated release of exosomal miR‑494‑3p promotes the osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:84. [PMID: 37503759 PMCID: PMC10555479 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS activation is a key determinant of breast cancer progression and metastasis. However, the role of the interaction among exosomes, RAS and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in the osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the role of activated RAS (KRAS, HRAS and NRAS) in the release of exosome‑mediated osteoclastogenic miRNAs and to elucidate their functional role in bone microenvironment remodeling in vitro and in vivo. Exosomes derived from RAS‑activated breast cancer cells promoted RANKL‑induced osteoclastogenesis; however, RAS inhibition abolished this effect. miR‑494‑3p, miR‑4508 and miR‑6869‑5p were identified as osteoclastogenic miRNAs in the exosomes secreted by RAS‑activated breast cancer cells. The levels of these osteoclastogenic miRNAs in the sera of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‑positive luminal breast cancer were significantly higher than those in the sera of patients with triple‑negative breast cancer. miR‑494‑3p exhibited both osteoclastogenic and anti‑osteoblastogenic activity. Treatment with a miR‑494‑3p inhibitor abolished the exosome‑mediated increase in RANKL‑induced osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with a miR‑494‑3p mimic enhanced RANKL‑induced osteoclast formation; however, treatment with its inhibitor suppressed this effect by targeting leucine‑rich repeat‑containing G‑protein coupled receptor 4 in osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, miR‑494‑3p inhibited bone morphogenetic protein 2‑induced osteoblast formation by targeting semaphorin 3A. In a mouse model, exosomes derived from breast cancer cells promoted osteolytic bone lesions; however, treatment with a miR‑494‑3p inhibitor significantly suppressed this effect. On the whole, the present study provides a novel mechanism, demonstrating that the RAS activation of breast cancer cells induces osteolytic bone metastasis by stimulating the exosome‑mediated transfer of osteoclastogenic miRNAs, including miR‑494‑3p to bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University
| | - Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
| | - Minju Gal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do 24341
| | - Sung Hun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do 24341
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University
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5
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Sharafeldin M, Yan S, Jiang C, Tofaris GK, Davis JJ. Alternating Magnetic Field-Promoted Nanoparticle Mixing: The On-Chip Immunocapture of Serum Neuronal Exosomes for Parkinson's Disease Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7906-7913. [PMID: 37167073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of cargo proteins in exosome subpopulations has considerable value in diagnostics but a translatable impact has been limited by lengthy or complex exosome extraction protocols. We describe herein a scalable, fast, and low-cost exosome extraction using an alternating (AC) magnetic field to support the dynamic mixing of antibody-coated magnetic beads (MBs) with serum samples within 3D-printed microfluidic chips. Zwitterionic polymer-coated MBs are, specifically, magnetically agitated and support ultraclean exosome capture efficiencies >70% from <50 μL of neat serum in 30 min. Applied herein to the immunocapture of neuronal exosomes using anti-L1CAM antibodies, prior to the array-based assaying of α-synuclein (α-syn) content by a standard duplex electrochemical sandwich ELISA, sub pg/mL detection was possible with an excellent coefficient of variation and a sample-to-answer time of ∼75 min. The high performance and semiautomation of this approach hold promise in underpinning low-cost Parkinson's disease diagnostics and is of value in exosomal biomarker analyses more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Shijun Yan
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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6
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Lobb RJ, Visan KS, Wu LY, Norris EL, Hastie ML, Everitt S, Yang IA, Bowman RV, Siva S, Larsen JE, Gorman JJ, MacManus M, Leimgruber A, Fong KM, Möller A. An epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced extracellular vesicle prognostic signature in non-small cell lung cancer. Commun Biol 2023; 6:68. [PMID: 36653467 PMCID: PMC9849257 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advances, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide1. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have a very poor overall five-year survival rate of only 10-20%. Currently, TNM staging is the gold standard for predicting overall survival and selecting optimal initial treatment options for NSCLC patients, including those with curable stages of disease. However, many patients with locoregionally-confined NSCLC relapse and die despite curative-intent interventions, indicating a need for intensified, individualised therapies. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the phenotypic depolarisation of epithelial cells to elongated, mesenchymal cells, is associated with metastatic and treatment-refractive cancer. We demonstrate here that EMT-induced protein changes in small extracellular vesicles are detectable in NSCLC patients and have prognostic significance. Overall, this work describes a novel prognostic biomarker signature that identifies potentially-curable NSCLC patients at risk of developing metastatic NSCLC, thereby enabling implementation of personalised treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Lobb
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Kekoolani S. Visan
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Present Address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Ying Wu
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Emma L. Norris
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Marcus L. Hastie
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Sarah Everitt
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Ian A. Yang
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia ,grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032 Australia
| | - Rayleen V. Bowman
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia ,grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032 Australia
| | - Shankar Siva
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Jill E. Larsen
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia ,grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Jeffrey J. Gorman
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Michael MacManus
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | | | - Kwun M. Fong
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia ,grid.415184.d0000 0004 0614 0266The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4032 Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006 Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Present Address: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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7
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Heck KA, Lindholm HT, Niederdorfer B, Tsirvouli E, Kuiper M, Flobak Å, Lægreid A, Thommesen L. Characterisation of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines through Proteomic Profiling of Their Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010003. [PMID: 36648961 PMCID: PMC9844407 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, driven by several factors including deregulations in intracellular signalling pathways. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanosized protein-packaged particles released from cells, which are present in liquid biopsies. Here, we characterised the proteome landscape of sEVs and their cells of origin in three CRC cell lines HCT116, HT29 and SW620 to explore molecular traits that could be exploited as cancer biomarker candidates and how intracellular signalling can be assessed by sEV analysis instead of directly obtaining the cell of origin itself. Our findings revealed that sEV cargo clearly reflects its cell of origin with proteins of the PI3K-AKT pathway highly represented in sEVs. Proteins known to be involved in CRC were detected in both cells and sEVs including KRAS, ARAF, mTOR, PDPK1 and MAPK1, while TGFB1 and TGFBR2, known to be key players in epithelial cancer carcinogenesis, were found to be enriched in sEVs. Furthermore, the phosphopeptide-enriched profiling of cell lysates demonstrated a distinct pattern between cell lines and highlighted potential phosphoproteomic targets to be investigated in sEVs. The total proteomic and phosphoproteomics profiles described in the current work can serve as a source to identify candidates for cancer biomarkers that can potentially be assessed from liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Heck
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T. Lindholm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Niederdorfer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirini Tsirvouli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Kuiper
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsmund Flobak
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Lægreid
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Thommesen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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8
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Visan KS, Wu LY, Voss S, Wuethrich A, Möller A. Status quo of Extracellular Vesicle isolation and detection methods for clinical utility. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:157-171. [PMID: 36581020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles that hold tremendous potential in the clinical space, as their biomolecular profiles hold a key to non-invasive liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EVs are present in most bodily fluids, hence are easily obtainable from patients, advantageous to that of traditional, invasive tissue biopsies and imaging techniques. However, there are certain constraints that hinder clinical use of EVs. The translation of EV biomarkers from "bench-to-bedside" is encumbered by the methods of EV isolation and subsequent biomarker detection currently implemented in laboratories. Although current isolation and detection methods are effective, they lack practicality, with their requirement for high bodily fluid volumes, low equipment availability, slow turnaround times and high costs. The high demand for techniques that overcome these limitations has resulted in significant advancements in nanotechnological devices. These devices are designed to integrate EV isolation and biomarker detection into a one-step method of direct EV detection from bodily fluids. This provides promise for the acceleration of EVs into current clinical standards. This review highlights the importance of EVs as cancer biomarkers, the methodological obstacles currently faced in clinical studies and how novel nanodevices could advance clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoolani S Visan
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Ying Wu
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Sarah Voss
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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9
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Lucotti S, Kenific CM, Zhang H, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109288. [PMID: 36052513 PMCID: PMC9475536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a heterogeneous class of secreted messengers that carry bioactive molecules and that have been shown to be crucial for this cell-cell communication. Here, we highlight the multifaceted roles of EVPs in cancer. Functionally, transfer of EVP cargo between cells influences tumor cell growth and invasion, alters immune cell composition and function, and contributes to stromal cell activation. These EVP-mediated changes impact local tumor progression, foster cultivation of pre-metastatic niches at distant organ-specific sites, and mediate systemic effects of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss how exploiting the highly selective enrichment of molecules within EVPs has profound implications for advancing diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development and for improving therapy delivery in cancer patients. Altogether, these investigations into the role of EVPs in cancer have led to discoveries that hold great promise for improving cancer patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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10
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Visan KS, Lobb RJ, Ham S, Lima LG, Palma C, Edna CPZ, Wu L, Gowda H, Datta KK, Hartel G, Salomon C, Möller A. Comparative analysis of tangential flow filtration and ultracentrifugation, both combined with subsequent size exclusion chromatography, for the isolation of small extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12266. [PMID: 36124834 PMCID: PMC9486818 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide major promise for advances in cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics, ascribed to their distinctive cargo reflective of pathophysiological status, active involvement in intercellular communication, as well as their ubiquity and stability in bodily fluids. As a result, the field of sEV research has expanded exponentially. Nevertheless, there is a lack of standardisation in methods for sEV isolation from cells grown in serum-containing media. The majority of researchers use serum-containing media for sEV harvest and employ ultracentrifugation as the primary isolation method. Ultracentrifugation is inefficient as it is devoid of the capacity to isolate high sEV yields without contamination of non-sEV materials or disruption of sEV integrity. We comprehensively evaluated a protocol using tangential flow filtration and size exclusion chromatography to isolate sEVs from a variety of human and murine cancer cell lines, including HeLa, MDA-MB-231, EO771 and B16F10. We directly compared the performance of traditional ultracentrifugation and tangential flow filtration methods, that had undergone further purification by size exclusion chromatography, in their capacity to separate sEVs, and rigorously characterised sEV properties using multiple quantification devices, protein analyses and both image and nano-flow cytometry. Ultracentrifugation and tangential flow filtration both enrich consistent sEV populations, with similar size distributions of particles ranging up to 200 nm. However, tangential flow filtration exceeds ultracentrifugation in isolating significantly higher yields of sEVs, making it more suitable for large-scale research applications. Our results demonstrate that tangential flow filtration is a reliable and robust sEV isolation approach that surpasses ultracentrifugation in yield, reproducibility, time, costs and scalability. These advantages allow for implementation in comprehensive research applications and downstream investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoolani S. Visan
- Tumour Microenvironment LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Richard J. Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
- Centre for Personalized NanomedicineAustralian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Luize G. Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Carlos Palma
- Exosome Biology LaboratoryFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesCentre for Clinical DiagnosticsUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Chai Pei Zhi Edna
- Tumour Microenvironment LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Li‐Ying Wu
- Tumour Microenvironment LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4059Australia
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Cancer Precision Medicine LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Keshava K. Datta
- Cancer Precision Medicine LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
- Proteomics and Metabolomics PlatformLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics UnitQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology LaboratoryFaculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesCentre for Clinical DiagnosticsUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Departamento de InvestigaciónPostgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC)Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad del AlbaSantiagoChile
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment LaboratoryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
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11
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Iha K, Tsurusawa N, Tsai HY, Lin MW, Sonoda H, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Ultrasensitive ELISA detection of proteins in separated lumen and membrane fractions of cancer cell exosomes. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Syntenin-1-mediated small extracellular vesicles promotes cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis by increasing onco-miRNAs secretion in lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 35136055 PMCID: PMC8826407 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression by mediating intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Syntenin-1 induces malignant tumor progression in various types of human cancers, including human lung cancer and regulates biogenesis of sEVs. However, the function of syntenin-1-regulated sEVs and miRNAs in sEVs remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the role of oncogenic Ras/syntenin-1 axis in the release of sEVs and elucidate the function of syntenin-1-mediated miRNAs in sEVs in lung cancer progression. The results revealed that oncogenic Ras promoted the release of sEVs by inducing syntenin-1 expression; disruption of syntenin-1 expression impaired the release of sEVs as well as sEV-mediated cancer cell migration and angiogenesis. Moreover, we identified three miRNAs, namely miR-181a, miR-425-5p, and miR-494-3p, as onco-miRNAs loaded into syntenin-1-dependent sEVs. Remarkably, miR-494-3p was highly abundant in sEVs and its release was triggered by syntenin-1 expression and oncogenic Ras. Ectopic expression of the miR-494-3p mimic enhanced the migration and proliferation of lung cancer cells as well as tube formation in endothelial cells; however, the miR-494-3p inhibitor blocked sEV-mediated effects by targeting tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12), a tumor suppressor. sEVs promoted tumor growth and angiogenesis by downregulating PTPN12 expression; however, the miR-494-3p inhibitor significantly suppressed these effects in vivo, confirming that miR-494-3p acts as a major onco-miRNA loaded into lung cancer cell-derived sEVs. Eventually, the oncogenic Ras/syntenin-1 axis may induce cancer progression by increasing miR-494-3p loading into sEVs in lung cancer cells in the TME.
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13
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Cancer extracellular vesicles, tumoroid models, and tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:112-126. [PMID: 35032650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, promote tumor progression through enhancing tumor growth, initiating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and preparing metastatic niches. Three-dimensionally (3D) cultured tumoroids / spheroids aim to reproduce some aspects of tumor behavior in vitro and show increased cancer stem cell properties. These properties are transferred to their EVs that promote tumor growth. Moreover, recent tumoroid models can be furnished with aspects of the tumor microenvironment, such as vasculature, hypoxia, and extracellular matrix. This review summarizes tumor tissue culture and engineering platforms compatible with EV research. For example, the combination experiments of 3D-tumoroids and EVs have revealed multifunctional proteins loaded in EVs, such as metalloproteinases and heat shock proteins. EVs or exosomes are able to transfer their cargo molecules to recipient cells, whose fates are often largely altered. In addition, the review summarizes approaches to EV labeling technology using fluorescence and luciferase, useful for studies on EV-mediated intercellular communication, biodistribution, and metastatic niche formation.
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14
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Visan KS, Lobb RJ, Wen SW, Bedo J, Lima LG, Krumeich S, Palma C, Ferguson K, Green B, Niland C, Cloonan N, Simpson PT, McCart Reed AE, Everitt SJ, MacManus MP, Hartel G, Salomon C, Lakhani SR, Fielding D, Möller A. Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miR-3182 Detects Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010257. [PMID: 35008424 PMCID: PMC8750562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide as patients are burdened with incredibly poor prognosis. Low survival rates are primarily attributed to lack of early detection and, therefore, timely therapeutic interventions. Late diagnosis is essentially caused by absent and non-specific symptoms, and compounded by inadequate diagnostic tools. We show here that a lung cancer biomarker, based on a simple blood test, might provide promising advantages for diagnostic assessment. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are miniscule messengers that carry cancer biomarkers and are easily detected in the blood. We identify that the abundance of a specific micro-RNA, miR-3182, in these sEVs can be detected in the blood of lung cancer patients but not in controls with benign lung conditions. This demonstrates the potential use of miR-3182 as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. Abstract With five-year survival rates as low as 3%, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The severity of the disease at presentation is accredited to the lack of early detection capacities, resulting in the reliance on low-throughput diagnostic measures, such as tissue biopsy and imaging. Interest in the development and use of liquid biopsies has risen, due to non-invasive sample collection, and the depth of information it can provide on a disease. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as viable liquid biopsies are of particular interest due to their potential as cancer biomarkers. To validate the use of sEVs as cancer biomarkers, we characterised cancer sEVs using miRNA sequencing analysis. We found that miRNA-3182 was highly enriched in sEVs derived from the blood of patients with invasive breast carcinoma and NSCLC. The enrichment of sEV miR-3182 was confirmed in oncogenic, transformed lung cells in comparison to isogenic, untransformed lung cells. Most importantly, miR-3182 can successfully distinguish early-stage NSCLC patients from those with benign lung conditions. Therefore, miR-3182 provides potential to be used for the detection of NSCLC in blood samples, which could result in earlier therapy and thus improved outcomes and survival for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoolani S. Visan
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (K.S.V.); (R.J.L.); (L.G.L.); (S.K.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Richard J. Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (K.S.V.); (R.J.L.); (L.G.L.); (S.K.)
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shu Wen Wen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Justin Bedo
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luize G. Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (K.S.V.); (R.J.L.); (L.G.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (K.S.V.); (R.J.L.); (L.G.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Carlos Palma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia; (C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Kaltin Ferguson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (K.F.); (B.G.); (C.N.); (P.T.S.); (A.E.M.R.); (S.R.L.); (D.F.)
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ben Green
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (K.F.); (B.G.); (C.N.); (P.T.S.); (A.E.M.R.); (S.R.L.); (D.F.)
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Colleen Niland
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (K.F.); (B.G.); (C.N.); (P.T.S.); (A.E.M.R.); (S.R.L.); (D.F.)
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Peter T. Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (K.F.); (B.G.); (C.N.); (P.T.S.); (A.E.M.R.); (S.R.L.); (D.F.)
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Amy E. McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (K.F.); (B.G.); (C.N.); (P.T.S.); (A.E.M.R.); (S.R.L.); (D.F.)
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Everitt
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.J.E.); (M.P.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael P. MacManus
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.J.E.); (M.P.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia; (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago 171177, Chile
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (K.F.); (B.G.); (C.N.); (P.T.S.); (A.E.M.R.); (S.R.L.); (D.F.)
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - David Fielding
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (K.F.); (B.G.); (C.N.); (P.T.S.); (A.E.M.R.); (S.R.L.); (D.F.)
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (K.S.V.); (R.J.L.); (L.G.L.); (S.K.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3845-3950; Fax: +61-7-3362-0105
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15
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Ji Y, Kim D, Kim H, Han S, Lee JB. Construction of a two-dimensional DNA-RNA hybridized membrane for collecting tumor-derived exosomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:266-269. [PMID: 34878445 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Macroscopic nucleic acid-based structures have attracted much attention in biomedical fields. Here, we introduce a novel DNA-RNA hybridized membrane structure via enzymatic dual polymerization. The membrane exhibited enhanced rigidity and functionality. Encoded with an aptamer, the membrane showed great potential as a collecting platform of tumor-derived exosomes without additional labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonbin Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dajeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Purcell E, Owen S, Prantzalos E, Radomski A, Carman N, Lo TW, Zeinali M, Subramanian C, Ramnath N, Nagrath S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations Carried in Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Cargo Mirror Disease Status in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:724389. [PMID: 34692681 PMCID: PMC8526851 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.724389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), identifying the presence of sensitizing and resistance epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations dictates treatment plans. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as abundant, stable potential liquid biopsy targets that offer the potential to quantify EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients at the RNA and protein level at multiple points through treatment. In this study, we present a systematic approach for serial mutation profiling of 34 EV samples from 10 metastatic NSCLC patients with known EGFR mutations through treatment. Using western blot and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), sensitizing (exon 19 deletion, L858R) mutations were detected in EV-Protein, and both sensitizing and resistance (T790M) mutations were quantified in EV-RNA. EGFR mutations were detected in EV-Protein from four patients at multiple time points through treatment. Using EV-RNA, tumor biopsy matched sensitizing mutations were detected in 90% of patients and resistance mutations in 100% of patients. Finally, mutation burden in EV-RNA at each time point was compared to disease status, described as either stable or progressing. For 6/7 patients who were longitudinally monitored through treatment, EV mutation burden mirrored clinical trajectory. When comparing mutation detection between EV-RNA and ctDNA using ddPCR, EVs had a better detection rate for exon 19 deletions and the L858R point mutation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that integrating EV analysis into liquid biopsy mutation screening has the potential to advance beyond the current standard of care "rule in" test. The multi-analyte testing allows future integration of EGFR mutation monitoring with additional EV-markers for a comprehensive patient monitoring biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Owen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily Prantzalos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Abigail Radomski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nayri Carman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ting-Wen Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mina Zeinali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Sunitha Nagrath,
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17
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Wang J, Wuethrich A, Lobb RJ, Antaw F, Sina AAI, Lane RE, Zhou Q, Zieschank C, Bell C, Bonazzi VF, Aoude LG, Everitt S, Yeo B, Barbour AP, Möller A, Trau M. Characterizing the Heterogeneity of Small Extracellular Vesicle Populations in Multiple Cancer Types via an Ultrasensitive Chip. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3182-3194. [PMID: 34264628 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identifying small extracellular vesicle (sEV) subpopulations based on their different molecular signatures could potentially reveal the functional roles in physiology and pathology. However, it is a challenge to achieve this aim due to the nano-sized dimensions of sEVs, low quantities of biological cargo each sEV carries, and our incomplete knowledge of identifying features capable of separating heterogeneous sEV subpopulations. Here, a sensitive, multiplexed, and nano-mixing-enhanced sEV subpopulation characterization platform (ESCP) is proposed to precisely determine the sEV phenotypic heterogeneity and understand the role of sEV heterogeneity in cancer progression and metastasis. The ESCP utilizes spatially patterned anti-tetraspanin-functionalized micro-arrays for sEV subpopulation sorting and nanobarcode-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for multiplexed read-outs. An ESCP has been used for investigating sEV phenotypic heterogeneity in terms of canonical sEV tetraspanin molecules and cancer-associated protein biomarkers in both cancer cell line models and cancer patient samples. Our data explicitly demonstrate the selective enrichment of tetraspanins and cancer-associated protein biomarkers, in particular sEV subpopulations. Therefore, it is believed that the ESCP could enable the evaluation and broader application of sEV subpopulations as potential diagnostic disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J. Lobb
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fiach Antaw
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca E. Lane
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Quan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chloe Zieschank
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Caroline Bell
- School of Cancer Medicine, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Vanessa F. Bonazzi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Lauren G. Aoude
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Sarah Everitt
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda Yeo
- School of Cancer Medicine, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Barbour
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Queensland Melanoma Project, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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18
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Claridge B, Lozano J, Poh QH, Greening DW. Development of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Challenges, Considerations, and Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734720. [PMID: 34616741 PMCID: PMC8488228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to address clinical and commercial limitations. Clinical applications of EV-based therapeutics are being trialed in immunomodulation, tissue regeneration and recovery, and as delivery vectors for combination therapies. Native/biological EVs possess diverse endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype. Moreover, EVs are important components of paracrine signaling in stem/progenitor cell-based therapies, are employed as standalone therapies, and can be used as a drug delivery system. Despite remarkable utility of native/biological EVs, they can be improved using bio/engineering approaches to further therapeutic potential. EVs can be engineered to harbor specific pharmaceutical content, enhance their stability, and modify surface epitopes for improved tropism and targeting to cells and tissues in vivo. Limitations currently challenging the full realization of their therapeutic utility include scalability and standardization of generation, molecular characterization for design and regulation, therapeutic potency assessment, and targeted delivery. The fields' utilization of advanced technologies (imaging, quantitative analyses, multi-omics, labeling/live-cell reporters), and utility of biocompatible natural sources for producing EVs (plants, bacteria, milk) will play an important role in overcoming these limitations. Advancements in EV engineering methodologies and design will facilitate the development of EV-based therapeutics, revolutionizing the current pharmaceutical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Špilak A, Brachner A, Kegler U, Neuhaus W, Noehammer C. Implications and pitfalls for cancer diagnostics exploiting extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113819. [PMID: 34087328 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer in order to facilitate timely therapeutic interventions is an unsolved problem in today's clinical diagnostics. Tumors are detected so far mostly after pathological symptoms have emerged (usually already in progressed disease states), within preventive screenings, or occasionally as incidental finding. The emergence of extracellular vesicle (EV) analytics in combination with liquid biopsy sampling opened a plethora of new possibilities for the detection of tumors (and other diseases). This review gives an overview of the diversity of currently known EV species and the relevant cargo molecules representing potential biomarkers to detect, identify and characterize tumor cells. A number of molecules reported in recent years to be valuable targets for different aspects of cancer diagnostics, are presented. Furthermore, we discuss (technical) challenges and pitfalls related to the various potential applications (screening, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring) of liquid biopsy based EV analytics, and give an outlook to possible future directions of this emerging field in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Špilak
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Brachner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Kegler
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Noehammer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Veerman RE, Teeuwen L, Czarnewski P, Güclüler Akpinar G, Sandberg A, Cao X, Pernemalm M, Orre LM, Gabrielsson S, Eldh M. Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12128. [PMID: 34322205 PMCID: PMC8298890 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes are not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co-isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this is time-consuming and requires large sample volumes, often not feasible in most clinical studies or in studies where small sample volumes are available. Therefore, we compared EVs rendered by five commonly used methods based on different principles from conditioned cell medium and 250 μl or 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size-exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), and phosphatidylserine affinity (MagCapture). EVs were characterised by electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, and LC-MS/MS. The different methods yielded samples of different morphology, particle size, and proteomic profile. For the conditioned medium, Izon 35 isolated the highest number of EV proteins followed by exoEasy, which also isolated fewer non-EV proteins. For the plasma samples, exoEasy isolated a high number of EV proteins and few non-EV proteins, while Izon 70 isolated the most EV proteins. We conclude that no method is perfect for all studies, rather, different methods are suited depending on sample type and interest in EV subtype, in addition to sample volume and budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne E. Veerman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Loes Teeuwen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemistry and BiophysicsNational Bioinformatics Infrastructure SwedenStockholm UniversitySolnaSweden
| | - Gözde Güclüler Akpinar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - AnnSofi Sandberg
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Lukas M. Orre
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Maria Eldh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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21
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Lima LG, Ham S, Shin H, Chai EPZ, Lek ESH, Lobb RJ, Müller AF, Mathivanan S, Yeo B, Choi Y, Parker BS, Möller A. Tumor microenvironmental cytokines bound to cancer exosomes determine uptake by cytokine receptor-expressing cells and biodistribution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3543. [PMID: 34112803 PMCID: PMC8192925 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread of a cancer to secondary sites is a coordinated, non-random process. Cancer cell-secreted vesicles, especially exosomes, have recently been implicated in the guidance of metastatic dissemination, with specific surface composition determining some aspects of organ-specific localization. Nevertheless, whether the tumor microenvironment influences exosome biodistribution has yet to be investigated. Here, we show that microenvironmental cytokines, particularly CCL2, decorate cancer exosomes via binding to surface glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans, causing exosome accumulation in specific cell subsets and organs. Exosome retention results in changes in the immune landscape within these organs, coupled with a higher metastatic burden. Strikingly, CCL2-decorated exosomes are directed to a subset of cells that express the CCL2 receptor CCR2, demonstrating that exosome-bound cytokines are a crucial determinant of exosome-cell interactions. In addition to the finding that cytokine-conjugated exosomes are detected in the blood of cancer patients, we discovered that healthy subjects derived exosomes are also associated with cytokines. Although displaying a different profile from exosomes isolated from cancer patients, it further indicates that specific combinations of cytokines bound to exosomes could likewise affect other physiological and disease settings. Cancer derived exosomes are reported to promote metastatic dissemination. Here the authors show that cytokines in the tumor microenvironment bind to exosomes via glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans, and these exosomes are preferentially taken up by specific cell lineages and organs to promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luize G Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hyunku Shin
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edna P Z Chai
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erica S H Lek
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexandra F Müller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Yeo
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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22
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Bi H, Ren D, Zhang J, Wang H. [Advances in Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:589-596. [PMID: 32702793 PMCID: PMC7406446 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.104.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of lung cancer is high worldwide, and lung cancer is the leading cause of death from malignant tumors in both men and women. Early diagnosis of lung cancer can significantly improve the patient's prognosis. Therefore, searching for specific markers to assist in the early diagnosis of lung cancer is urgent question. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicles and contain various biomaterial, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes are important carriers of these biomaterial, serve important roles in intracellular communications and signal transduction among tissues. Due to its unique enrichment mechanism, it has the stability and specificity as a biomarker. Exosomes are not only involved in the formation of tumor microenvironment and new blood vessels in lung cancer, but also involved in chemotherapy, targeted therapy response and prognosis assessment. Many research advances bring new hope for prolonging the survival of lung cancer patients. This article reviews the value of exosome specific protein and microRNA (miRNA) in lung cancer in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Bi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medcine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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23
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Beltraminelli T, Perez CR, De Palma M. Disentangling the complexity of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108960. [PMID: 33826890 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment encompasses an intertwined ensemble of both transformed cancer cells and non-transformed host cells, which together establish a signaling network that regulates tumor progression. By conveying both homo- and heterotypic cell-to-cell communication cues, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) modulate several cancer-associated processes, such as immunosuppression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Herein we discuss how recent methodological advances in the isolation and characterization of tEVs may help to broaden our understanding of their functions in tumor biology and, potentially, establish their utility as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Beltraminelli
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caleb R Perez
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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24
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Gao Y, Qin Y, Wan C, Sun Y, Meng J, Huang J, Hu Y, Jin H, Yang K. Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Avenue for Cancer Management. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638357. [PMID: 33791224 PMCID: PMC8005721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small membrane particles derived from various cell types. EVs are broadly classified as ectosomes or small extracellular vesicles, depending on their biogenesis and cargoes. Numerous studies have shown that EVs regulate multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. The roles of small extracellular vesicles in cancer growth and metastasis remain to be fully elucidated. As endogenous products, small extracellular vesicles are an ideal drug delivery platform for anticancer agents. However, several aspects of small extracellular vesicle biology remain unclear, hindering the clinical implementation of small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers or anticancer agents. In this review, we summarize the utility of cancer-related small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers to detect early-stage cancers and predict treatment outcomes. We also review findings from preclinical and clinical studies of small extracellular vesicle-based cancer therapies and summarize interventional clinical trials registered in the United States Food and Drug Administration and the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry. Finally, we discuss the main challenges limiting the clinical implementation of small extracellular vesicles and recommend possible approaches to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Mohammadi R, Hosseini SA, Noruzi S, Ebrahimzadeh A, Sahebkar A. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosome Nanovesicles in Lung Cancer: State-of-The-Art. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:83-100. [PMID: 33645488 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210301085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant disease with a frequency of various morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis in patients that the conventional therapeutic approaches are not efficient sufficiently. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, researchers have examined new approaches in the development, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of various cancer, such as lung cancer, and display various its potential. Investigation of exosome-derived lung cancer cells contents and preparation of their exhaustive profile by advanced technics such as labeling exosome with nanoparticle and types of mass spectroscopy methods will assist researchers for take advantage of the specific properties of exosomes. Moreover, scientists will present encouraging ways for the treatment of lung cancer with loaded of drugs, proteins, microRNA, and siRNA in specific antigen targeted exosomes. This manuscript will include brief details on the role of exosomes as a novel prognostic biomarker (by the content of lipid, surface and internal protein, miRNAs, and LnRNAs) and therapeutic agent (as vaccine and targeted drug delivery) in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Seyede A Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Ailin Ebrahimzadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
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26
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Dell'Olio F, Su J, Huser T, Sottile V, Cortés-Hernández LE, Alix-Panabières C. Photonic technologies for liquid biopsies: recent advances and open research challenges. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2021; 15:2000255. [PMID: 35360260 PMCID: PMC8966629 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of sophisticated techniques capable of detecting extremely low concentrations of circulating tumor biomarkers in accessible body fluids, such as blood or urine, could contribute to a paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis and treatment. By applying such techniques, clinicians can carry out liquid biopsies, providing information on tumor presence, evolution, and response to therapy. The implementation of biosensing platforms for liquid biopsies is particularly complex because this application domain demands high selectivity/specificity and challenging limit-of-detection (LoD) values. The interest in photonics as an enabling technology for liquid biopsies is growing owing to the well-known advantages of photonic biosensors over competing technologies in terms of compactness, immunity to external disturbance, and ultra-high spatial resolution. Some encouraging experimental results in the field of photonic devices and systems for liquid biopsy have already been achieved by using fluorescent labels and label-free techniques and by exploiting super-resolution microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and whispering gallery mode resonators. This paper critically reviews the current state-of-the-art, starting from the requirements imposed by the detection of the most common circulating biomarkers. Open research challenges are considered together with competing technologies, and the most promising paths of improvement are discussed for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dell'Olio
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Judith Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Optical Sciences, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Germany
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Center of Montpellier, 34093 CEDEX 5, France
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27
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Bebelman MP, Janssen E, Pegtel DM, Crudden C. The forces driving cancer extracellular vesicle secretion. Neoplasia 2020; 23:149-157. [PMID: 33321449 PMCID: PMC7744813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that cancer cells discharge vast quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs), underscored the explosion of the EV field. A large body of evidence now supports their onco-functionality in an array of contexts; stromal crosstalk, immune evasion, metastatic site priming, and drug resistance - justifying therapeutic intervention. The current bottleneck is a lack of clear understanding of why and how EV biogenesis ramps up in cancer cells, and hence where exactly avenues for intervention may reside. We know that EVs also play an array of physiological roles, therefore effective anticancer inhibition requires a target distinct enough from physiology to achieve efficacy. Taking the perspective that EV upregulation may be a consequence of the tumor landscape, we examine classic mutational events and tumor characteristics for EV regulators. All the while, aiming to illuminate topics worth further research in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten P Bebelman
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Möller A, Lobb RJ. The evolving translational potential of small extracellular vesicles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:697-709. [PMID: 32958932 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as having promising potential to be used as therapeutics and disease biomarkers. Mechanistically, EVs have been shown to function in most, if not all, steps of cancer progression. Cancer EVs, including small EVs (sEVs), contain unique biomolecular cargo, consisting of protein, nucleic acid and lipids. Through progress in the identification of this specific cargo, cancer biomarkers have been identified and developed, opening up novel and interesting opportunities for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Intriguingly, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the cancer-specific pathways that govern EV biogenesis in cancer cells. Filling this knowledge gap will rapidly improve cancer EV biomarkers, as it will also allow discrimination of the procancer and anticancer actions of those EVs. Even more promising is uncovering therapeutically targetable, tumour-specific EV pathways and content, which will generate novel classes of cancer therapies. This Review highlights the progress the cancer sEV field has made in the areas of biomarker discovery and validation as well as sEV-based therapeutics, highlights the challenges we are facing and identifies gaps in our knowledge, which currently prevent us from developing the full potential of sEVs in cancer diagnostic and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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29
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MicroRNAs from Liquid Biopsy Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Recent Advances in Detection and Characterization Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082009. [PMID: 32707943 PMCID: PMC7465219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have become a convenient tool in cancer diagnostics, real-time disease monitoring, and evaluation of residual disease. Yet, the information still encrypted in the variety of tumor-derived molecules identified in biofluids has proven difficult to decipher due to the technological limitations imposed by their biological nature. Such is the case of extracellular vesicle (EV) encapsulated ncRNAs, which have gained traction in recent years as biomarkers. Due to their resilience towards degrading factors they may act as suitable disease indicators. This review addresses the less described issues in this context. We present an overview of less investigated biofluids that can be used for EV isolation in addition to different isolation approaches to overcome the technical challenges these specimens harbor. Furthermore, we summarize the latest technological advances providing improvement to ncRNA detection and analysis. Thereby, this review summarizes the current state-of-the-art methodologies regarding EV and EV derived miRNA analysis and how they compare to current approaches.
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30
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A Novel Model of Cancer Drug Resistance: Oncosomal Release of Cytotoxic and Antibody-Based Drugs. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030047. [PMID: 32150875 PMCID: PMC7150871 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes or oncosomes, often carry oncogenic molecules derived from tumor cells. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that tumor cells can eject anti-cancer drugs such as chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs within EVs, a novel mechanism of drug resistance. The EV-releasing drug resistance phenotype is often coupled with cellular dedifferentiation and transformation in cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the adoption of a cancer stem cell phenotype. The release of EVs is also involved in immunosuppression. Herein, we address different aspects by which EVs modulate the tumor microenvironment to become resistant to anticancer and antibody-based drugs, as well as the concept of the resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP).
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31
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Tiruvayipati S, Wolfgeher D, Yue M, Duan F, Andrade J, Jiang H, Schuger L. Variability in protein cargo detection in technical and biological replicates of exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228871. [PMID: 32119684 PMCID: PMC7051218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of ~20-200 nm diameter that shuttle DNAs, RNAs, proteins and other biomolecules between cells. The large number of biomolecules present in exosomes demands the frequent use of high-throughput analysis. This, in turn, requires technical replicates (TRs), and biological replicates (BRs) to produce accurate results. As the number and abundance of identified biomolecules varies between replicates (Rs), establishing the replicate variability predicted for the event under study is essential in determining the number of Rs required. Although there have been few reports of replicate variability in high throughput biological data, none of them focused on exosomes. Herein, we determined the replicate variability in protein profiles found in exosomes released from 3 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, H1993, A549 and H1975. Since exosome isolates are invariably contaminated by a small percentage of ~200-300 nm microvesicles, we refer to our samples as exosome-enriched EVs (EE-EVs). We generated BRs of EE-EVs from each cell line, and divided each group into 3 TRs. All Rs were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and customized bioinformatics and biostatistical workflows (raw data available via ProteomeXchange: PXD012798). We found that the variability among TRs as well as BRs, was largely qualitative (protein present or absent) and higher among BRs. By contrast, the quantitative (protein abundance) variability was low, save for the H1975 cell line where the quantitative variability was significant. Importantly, our replicate strategy identified 90% of the most abundant proteins, thereby establishing the utility of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Tiruvayipati
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Don Wolfgeher
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Cummings Life Science Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ming Yue
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - FangFang Duan
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jorge Andrade
- The Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lucia Schuger
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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32
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Daßler-Plenker J, Küttner V, Egeblad M. Communication in tiny packages: Exosomes as means of tumor-stroma communication. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188340. [PMID: 31926290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are nano-sized vesicles acting as multi-signal devices influencing tumor growth at local and distant sites. Exosomes are derived from the endolysosomal compartment and can shuttle diverse biomolecules like nucleic acids (microRNAs and DNA fragments), lipids, proteins, and even pharmacological compounds from a donor cell to recipient cells. The transfer of cargo to recipient cells enables tumor-derived exosomes to influence diverse cellular functions like proliferation, cell survival, and migration in recipient cells, highlighting tumor-derived exosomes as important players in communication within the tumor microenvironment and at distant sites. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms associated with exosome biogenesis and cargo sorting. In addition, we highlight the communication of tumor-derived exosomes in the tumor microenvironment during different phases of tumor development, focusing on angiogenesis, immune escape mechanisms, drug resistance, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Küttner
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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33
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Exosomes: Biogenesis, Composition, Functions, and Their Role in Pre-metastatic Niche Formation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Soda N, Rehm BHA, Sonar P, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6670-6704. [PMID: 31646316 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic concept that provides important information for monitoring and identifying tumor genomes in body fluid samples. Detection of tumor origin biomolecules like circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor specific nucleic acids (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs)), exosomes, autoantibodies in blood, saliva, stool, urine, etc. enables cancer screening, early stage diagnosis and evaluation of therapy response through minimally invasive means. From reliance on painful and hazardous tissue biopsies or imaging depending on sophisticated equipment, cancer management schemes are witnessing a rapid evolution towards minimally invasive yet highly sensitive liquid biopsy-based tools. Clinical application of liquid biopsy is already paving the way for precision theranostics and personalized medicine. This is achieved especially by enabling repeated sampling, which in turn provides a more comprehensive molecular profile of tumors. On the other hand, integration with novel miniaturized platforms, engineered nanomaterials, as well as electrochemical detection has led to the development of low-cost and simple platforms suited for point-of-care applications. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis, significance and potential role of four widely known biomarkers (CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA and exosomes) in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, we provide a detailed discussion of the inherent biological and technical challenges associated with currently available methods and the possible pathways to overcome these challenges. The recent advances in the application of a wide range of nanomaterials in detecting these biomarkers are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narshone Soda
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Molecular Design and Synthesis, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
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35
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Naderi-Meshkin H, Lai X, Amirkhah R, Vera J, Rasko JEJ, Schmitz U. Exosomal lncRNAs and cancer: connecting the missing links. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:352-360. [PMID: 30649349 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are potent and clinically valuable tools for early diagnosis, prognosis and potentially the targeted treatment of cancer. The content of EVs is closely related to the type and status of the EV-secreting cell. Circulating exosomes are a source of stable RNAs including mRNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Results This review outlines the links between EVs, lncRNAs and cancer. We highlight communication networks involving the tumor microenvironment, the immune system and metastasis. We show examples supporting the value of exosomal lncRNAs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We demonstrate how a system biology approach can be used to model cell-cell communication via exosomal lncRNAs and to simulate effects of therapeutic interventions. In addition, we introduce algorithms and bioinformatics resources for the discovery of tumor-specific lncRNAs and tools that are applied to determine exosome content and lncRNA function. Finally, this review provides a comprehensive collection and guide to databases for exosomal lncRNAs. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumour Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- Nastaran Center for Cancer Prevention, Mashhad, Iran.,Reza Institute of Cancer Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumour Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ulf Schmitz
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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36
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c-Myc shuttled by tumour-derived extracellular vesicles promotes lung bronchial cell proliferation through miR-19b and miR-92a. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31591389 PMCID: PMC6779734 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer causes approximately one fifth of all cancer deaths. Tumour cells actively communicate with the surrounding microenvironment to support malignant progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and modulate recipient cells by delivering their contents, including proteins and nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRNAs). We isolated EVs from the conditioned medium (CM) of human lung cancer cell lines and plasma of lung cancer patients and cancer-free smokers using an ultracentrifugation method. A significant increase in bronchial HBEC-KRASV12high cell proliferation, confirmed by cell cycle analysis, was observed after treatment with cancer-derived EVs. Lung cancer-derived EVs induced transcription of the pri-miR-92a gene, resulting in the overexpression of mature miR-19b and miR-92a in recipient bronchial cells. Modulation of these two miRNAs using miRNA mimics or inhibitors confirmed their ability to promote proliferation. In silico analysis and experimental validation showed that miR-19b and miR-92a impaired the TGF-beta (TGFB) pathway and identified TGFBRI and TGFBRII as target genes involved in EV-mediated bronchial cell proliferation. Interestingly, the oncoprotein c-Myc, a well-known miR-17-92 cluster activator, was detected only in the EVs derived from lung cancer patients and cell lines and was able to modulate the proliferation of HBEC-KRASV12high recipient cells. These data support the role of c-Myc shuttling in lung cancer-derived EVs in inducing the upregulation of onco-miR-19b and miR-92a expression with concomitant impairment of the TGFB signalling pathway in recipient cells.
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37
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Pardini B, Sabo AA, Birolo G, Calin GA. Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1170. [PMID: 31416190 PMCID: PMC6721601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in two directions: (1) understanding the mechanism of carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving cancer prevention and screening for early detection of the disease. This last aspect has been developed, especially for certain types of cancers, thanks also to the introduction of new concepts such as liquid biopsies and precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest in the application of alternative and noninvasive methodologies to search for cancer biomarkers. The new frontiers of the research lead to a search for RNA molecules circulating in body fluids. Searching for biomarkers in extracellular body fluids represents a better option for patients because they are easier to access, less painful, and potentially more economical. Moreover, the possibility for these types of samples to be taken repeatedly, allows a better monitoring of the disease progression or treatment efficacy for a better intervention and dynamic treatment of the patient, which is the fundamental basis of personalized medicine. RNA molecules, freely circulating in body fluids or packed in microvesicles, have all the characteristics of the ideal biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and being able to be sampled several times for monitoring. Moreover, as demonstrated for many cancers, their plasma/serum levels mirror those in the primary tumor. There are a large variety of RNA species noncoding for proteins that could be used as cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Among them, the most studied are microRNAs, but recently the attention of the researcher has been also directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small noncoding RNAs. Another class of RNA species, the long noncoding RNAs, is larger than microRNAs and represents a very versatile and promising group of molecules which, apart from their use as biomarkers, have also a possible therapeutic role. In this review, we will give an overview of the most common noncoding RNA species detectable in extracellular fluids and will provide an update concerning the situation of the research on these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alexandru Anton Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 077120 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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38
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Bandu R, Oh JW, Kim KP. Mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles and their roles in cancer biology. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 30872566 PMCID: PMC6418213 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have arisen as important mediators of intercellular communication that are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells to regulate various biological processes. EVs are largely responsible for intercellular communication through the delivery of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), DNAs, lipids, and metabolites. EVs released from cancer cells play a significant role in signal transduction between cancer cells and the surrounding cells, which contributes to the formation of tumors and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, EVs released from cancer cells migrate to blood vessels and flow into various biological fluids, including blood and urine. EVs and EV-loaded functional cargoes, including proteins and miRNAs, found in these biological fluids are important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, EV proteomics greatly contributes to the understanding of carcinogenesis and tumor progression and is critical for the development of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. To explore the potential use of EVs as a gateway to understanding cancer biology and to develop cancer biomarkers, we discuss the mass spectrometric identification and characterization of EV proteins from different cancers. Information provided in this review may help in understanding recent progress regarding EV biology and the potential roles of EVs as new noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Tumor cells release tiny membrane-encapsulated packages known as extracellular vesicles containing proteins which could serve as prognostic disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Kwang Pyo Kim and colleagues from Kyung Hee University in Yongin, South Korea, review the use of mass spectrometry to profile the diversity of proteins found in these tumor-derived packages. The proteins found in these vesicles help mediate communication between cancer cells and their surrounding tissues. Different tumor types share many of these proteins in common, but there are differences in the protein profile related to cancer-associated biological processes such as metastasis and cell proliferation. Tests based on the proteins contained in these vesicles could help clinicians better identify, diagnose and treat specific cancers, although large, multicenter studies are needed to validate such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Wen SW, Lima LG, Lobb RJ, Norris EL, Hastie ML, Krumeich S, Möller A. Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes Reflect the Cell-of-Origin Phenotype. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800180. [PMID: 30672117 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A manner in which cells can communicate with each other is via secreted nanoparticles termed exosomes. These vesicles contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, and are said to reflect the cell-of-origin. However, for the exosomal protein content, there is limited evidence in the literature to verify this statement. Here, proteomic assessment combined with pathway-enrichment analysis is used to demonstrate that the protein cargo of exosomes reflects the epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype of secreting breast cancer cells. Given that epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity is known to implicate various stages of cancer progression, the results suggest that breast cancer subtypes with distinct epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes may be distinguished by directly assessing the protein content of exosomes. Additionally, the work is a substantial step toward verifying the statement that cell-derived exosomes reflect the phenotype of the cells-of-origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wen Wen
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luize G Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Emma L Norris
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Marcus L Hastie
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
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40
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Wu H, Chen X, Ji J, Zhou R, Liu J, Ni W, Qu L, Ni H, Ni R, Bao B, Xiao M. Progress of Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:215-222. [PMID: 30793953 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a digestive system tumor that is highly malignant, with an increasing incidence rate, poor prognosis, and a low 5-year survival rate. The overwhelming majority of patients with PC are in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and have lost the opportunity for radical surgery. The efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for PC is very poor. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the mechanisms of PC development and new therapeutic targets. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate the exchange of substances and information between cells. In recent years, exosomes have been shown to play a key role in the development and progression of PC and might be useful for both its diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the composition and function of exosomes and their roles in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpei Wu
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China.,2 Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- 3 Office of Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ji
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China.,2 Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- 2 Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Ni
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Lishuai Qu
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Ni
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Baijun Bao
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China.,5 Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
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41
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Wu CH, Silvers CR, Messing EM, Lee YF. Bladder cancer extracellular vesicles drive tumorigenesis by inducing the unfolded protein response in endoplasmic reticulum of nonmalignant cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3207-3218. [PMID: 30593508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field cancerization effect has been proposed to explain bladder cancer's multifocal and recurrent nature, yet the mechanisms of this effect remain unknown. In this work, using cell biology, flow cytometry, and qPCR analyses, along with a xenograft mouse tumor model, we show that chronic exposure to tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) results in the neoplastic transformation of nonmalignant human SV-HUC urothelial cells. Inhibition of EV uptake prevented this transformation. Transformed cells not only possessed several oncogenic properties, such as increased genome instability, loss of cell-cell contact inhibition, and invasiveness, but also displayed altered morphology and cell structures, such as an enlarged cytoplasm with disrupted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) alignment and the accumulation of smaller mitochondria. Exposure of SV-HUC cells to TEVs provoked the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). Prolonged induction of UPRER signaling activated the survival branch of the UPRER pathway, in which cells had elevated expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), NF-κB, and the inflammatory cytokine leptin, and incurred loss of the pro-apoptotic protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). More importantly, inhibition of ER stress by docosahexaenoic acid prevented TEV-induced transformation. We propose that TEVs promote malignant transformation of predisposed cells by inhibiting pro-apoptotic signals and activating tumor-promoting ER stress-induced unfolded protein response and inflammation. This study provides detailed insight into the mechanisms underlying the bladder cancer field effect and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Wu
- From the Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and
| | | | - Edward M Messing
- Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Yi-Fen Lee
- From the Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and .,Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
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42
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Proteomic analysis of exosomes reveals an association between cell invasiveness and exosomal bioactivity on endothelial and mesenchymal cell migration in vitro. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2029-2044. [PMID: 30219799 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has resulted in over 140 000 deaths reported annually worldwide. This is often attributed to cellular changes in the microenvironment, including increased migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate metastasis. Recently, the ability of exosomes to communicate signals between cells (and promote cancer progression) has been established. In the present study, we explored the effect of exosomes on cells present in the tumour microenvironment. Exosomes were isolated from ovarian cancer cells with different invasive capacity (high = SKOV-3 and low = OVCAR-3) by differential and buoyant density centrifugation and characterised using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blot, and EM. Exosome secretion was positively correlated with invasiveness of releasing cells. Proteomic analyses identified common and unique proteins between exosomes from SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 with gene ontology analyses revealing that these exosomes are involved in the regulation of cell migration. Since the tumour microenvironment contains multiple cell types, including MSCs and ECs, we examined the effect of these exosomes on MSC and EC migration. Exosomes promoted MSC and EC migration in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The effect of exosomes isolated from SKOV-3 on cell migration was significantly higher compared with exosomes from OVCAR-3. Thus, we suggest that exosomes from ovarian cancer cells contain a specific set of proteins that are representative of its cell of origin and the invasive capacity.
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43
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Clayton A, Buschmann D, Byrd JB, Carter DRF, Cheng L, Compton C, Daaboul G, Devitt A, Falcon-Perez JM, Gardiner C, Gustafson D, Harrison P, Helmbrecht C, Hendrix A, Hill A, Hoffman A, Jones JC, Kalluri R, Kang JY, Kirchner B, Lässer C, Lawson C, Lenassi M, Levin C, Llorente A, Martens-Uzunova ES, Möller A, Musante L, Ochiya T, Pink RC, Tahara H, Wauben MHM, Webber JP, Welsh JA, Witwer KW, Yin H, Nieuwland R. Summary of the ISEV workshop on extracellular vesicles as disease biomarkers, held in Birmingham, UK, during December 2017. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1473707. [PMID: 31162490 PMCID: PMC5965025 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1473707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This report summarises the presentations and activities of the ISEV Workshop on extracellular vesicle biomarkers held in Birmingham, UK during December 2017. Among the key messages was broad agreement about the importance of biospecimen science. Much greater attention needs to be paid towards the provenance of collected samples. The workshop also highlighted clear gaps in our knowledge about pre-analytical factors that alter extracellular vesicles (EVs). The future utility of certified standards for credentialing of instruments and software, to analyse EV and for tracking the influence of isolation steps on the structure and content of EVs were also discussed. Several example studies were presented, demonstrating the potential utility for EVs in disease diagnosis, prognosis, longitudinal serial testing and stratification of patients. The conclusion of the workshop was that more effort focused on pre-analytical issues and benchmarking of isolation methods is needed to strengthen collaborations and advance more effective biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aled Clayton
- Tissue Microenvironment Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technical University of Munich and Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Brian Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 5570C MSRB II, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - David R F Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn Compton
- SkySong Center for Innovation, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Andrew Devitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan Manuel Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory & Metabolomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBEREHD, IKERBASQUE Research Foundation, Derio, Spain
| | - Chris Gardiner
- Research Department of Haematology, Haemostasis Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Hoffman
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Department of Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Bio-microsystems, Seoul, S. Korea
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy Krefting Research Centre University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College Royal College Street, London, UK
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Levin
- Afula and The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Emek Medical Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Luca Musante
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryan C Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute and Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Japan
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jason P Webber
- Tissue Microenvironment Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua A Welsh
- Department of Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Department Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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Ham S, Lima LG, Chai EPZ, Muller A, Lobb RJ, Krumeich S, Wen SW, Wiegmans AP, Möller A. Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes Alter Macrophage Polarization via gp130/STAT3 Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:871. [PMID: 29867925 PMCID: PMC5951966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are being recognized as essential mediators of intercellular communication between cancer and immune cells. It is well established that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) take up tumor-derived exosomes. However, the functional impact of these exosomes on macrophage phenotypes is controversial and not well studied. Here, we show that breast cancer-derived exosomes alter the phenotype of macrophages through the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor beta (glycoprotein 130, gp130)-STAT3 signaling pathway. Addition of breast cancer-derived exosomes to macrophages results in the activation of the IL-6 response pathway, including phosphorylation of the key downstream transcription factor STAT3. Exosomal gp130, which is highly enriched in cancer exosomes, triggers the secretion of IL-6 from BMDMs. Moreover, the exposure of BMDMs to cancer-derived exosomes triggers changes from a conventional toward a polarized phenotype often observed in tumor-associated macrophages. All of these effects can be inhibited through the addition of a gp130 inhibitor to cancer-derived exosomes or by blocking BMDMs exosome uptake. Collectively, this work demonstrates that breast cancer-derived exosomes are capable of inducing IL-6 secretion and a pro-survival phenotype in macrophages, partially via gp130/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luize G Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Edna Pei Zhi Chai
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexandra Muller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medical Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu Wen Wen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian P Wiegmans
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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45
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Bebelman MP, Smit MJ, Pegtel DM, Baglio SR. Biogenesis and function of extracellular vesicles in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:1-11. [PMID: 29476772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous multi-signal messengers that support cancer growth and dissemination by mediating the tumor-stroma crosstalk. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs that originate from the limiting membrane of late endosomes, and as such contain information linked to both the intrinsic cell "state" and the extracellular signals cells received from their environment. Resolving the signals affecting exosome biogenesis, cargo sorting and release will increase our understanding of tumorigenesis. In this review we highlight key cell biological processes that couple exosome biogenesis to cargo sorting in cancer cells. Moreover, we discuss how the bidirectional communication between tumor and non-malignant cells affect cancer growth and metastatic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten P Bebelman
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Rubina Baglio
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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46
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Boriachek K, Islam MN, Möller A, Salomon C, Nguyen NT, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Shiddiky MJA. Biological Functions and Current Advances in Isolation and Detection Strategies for Exosome Nanovesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702153. [PMID: 29282861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale (≈30-150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that are shed by most types of cells and circulate in bodily fluids. Exosomes carry a specific composition of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA and can work as cargo to transfer this information to recipient cells. Recent studies on exosomes have shown that they play an important role in various biological processes, such as intercellular signaling, coagulation, inflammation, and cellular homeostasis. These functional roles are attributed to their ability to transfer RNA, proteins, enzymes, and lipids, thereby affecting the physiological and pathological conditions in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative, infectious, and autoimmune diseases (e.g., cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis). Due to these unique characteristics, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases via noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. Over the last decade, a plethora of methodologies have been developed for analyzing disease-specific exosomes using optical and nonoptical tools. Here, the major biological functions, significance, and potential role of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of the most commonly used techniques for exosome analysis, highlighting the major technical challenges and limitations of existing techniques, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Boriachek
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW, 2519, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW, 2519, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
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