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Expression of Gallus Epidermal Growth Factor (gEGF) with Food-Grade Lactococcus lactis Expression System and Its Biological Effects on Broiler Chickens. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010103. [PMID: 33466817 PMCID: PMC7829775 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multifunctional polypeptide, epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases growth performance or enhances resistance to diseases in commercial broilers under adverse conditions. In this study, a recombinant Lactococcus lactis was established to produce the secretory form of bioactive gEGF. The results of in vitro testing showed that gEGF promoted the proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast cells. A total of 63 5-day-old broiler chickens were evenly divided into three groups and treated with either M17 medium (the control group), supernatant of LL-pNZ8149 fermentation product (the P-LL group), or supernatant of LL-pNZ8149-gEGF fermentation product (the gEGF group). In two weeks, many measurements of growth, immunity and the intestines were significantly higher in the gEGF group than those in the control and the P-LL groups. Our study showed that the bioactive gEGF could be expressed with Lactococcus lactis expression system with the potential to enhance growth performance, immune function, and intestinal development in broiler chickens.
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2
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Alan E, Lİman N, Sağsöz H. Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor system in the lung of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during the post-hatching period. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:807-22. [PMID: 26179370 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the possible changes in the localization of the four Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors and three ligands in quail lungs from the first day of hatching until the 125th after hatching using immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that four EGFRs and their ligands are chiefly located in the cytoplasm of cells. Additionally, ErbB4, AREG, and NRG1 are localized to the nucleus and nucleolus, but EGF is present in the nucleolus. ErbB2 was also found in the cell membrane. In the epithelium of secondary bronchi, the goblet cells only exhibited ErbB1 and ErbB2, whereas the basal and ciliated cells exhibited EGFRs and ligands immunoreactivity. The atrial granular cells displayed moderate levels of ErbB1-ErbB3 and EGF and strong levels of ErbB4, AREG, and NRG1 immunoreactivity. While the squamous atrial cells and squamous respiratory cells of air capillaries and endothelial cells of blood capillaries exhibited moderate to strong ErbB2, ErbB4, AREG, and NRG1 immunoreactivity, they had negative or weak ErbB1, ErbB3, and EGF immunoreactivity. The expression levels of ErbB2-ErbB4, EGF, AREG, and NRG1 were also detected in fibroblasts. Although ErbB2 was highly expressed in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscle cells, weak expression of ErbB1, ErbB3, AREG and EGF and moderate expression of ErbB4 and NRG1 were observed. Macrophages were only negative for ErbB1. In conclusion, these data indicate that the EGFR-system is functionally active at hatching, which supports the hypothesis that the members of EGFR-system play several cell-specific roles in quail lung growth after hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Narİn Lİman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sağsöz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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3
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Finigan JH, Downey GP, Kern JA. Human epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012. [PMID: 22652197 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012‐0100tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome marked by increased permeability across the pulmonary epithelium resulting in pulmonary edema. Recent evidence suggests that members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family are activated in alveolar epithelial cells during ALI and regulate alveolar epithelial barrier function. These tyrosine kinase receptors, which also participate in the pathophysiology of pulmonary epithelial malignancies, regulate cell growth, differentiation, and migration as well as cell-cell adhesion, all processes that influence epithelial injury and repair. In this review we outline mechanisms of epithelial injury and repair in ALI, activation patterns of this receptor family in pulmonary epithelial cells as a consequence injury, how receptor activation alters alveolar permeability, and the possible intracellular signaling pathways involved. Finally, we propose a theoretical model for how HER-mediated modulation of alveolar permeability might affect lung injury and repair. Understanding how these receptors signal has direct therapeutic implications in lung injury and other diseases characterized by altered epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Finigan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, K736A, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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4
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Finigan JH, Downey GP, Kern JA. Human epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:395-404. [PMID: 22652197 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0100tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome marked by increased permeability across the pulmonary epithelium resulting in pulmonary edema. Recent evidence suggests that members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family are activated in alveolar epithelial cells during ALI and regulate alveolar epithelial barrier function. These tyrosine kinase receptors, which also participate in the pathophysiology of pulmonary epithelial malignancies, regulate cell growth, differentiation, and migration as well as cell-cell adhesion, all processes that influence epithelial injury and repair. In this review we outline mechanisms of epithelial injury and repair in ALI, activation patterns of this receptor family in pulmonary epithelial cells as a consequence injury, how receptor activation alters alveolar permeability, and the possible intracellular signaling pathways involved. Finally, we propose a theoretical model for how HER-mediated modulation of alveolar permeability might affect lung injury and repair. Understanding how these receptors signal has direct therapeutic implications in lung injury and other diseases characterized by altered epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Finigan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, K736A, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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5
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Sarangarajan R, Apte SP, Ugwu SO. Hypoxia-targeted bioreductive tyrosine kinase inhibitors with glutathione-depleting function. Anticancer Drugs 2006; 17:21-4. [PMID: 16317286 DOI: 10.1097/01.cad.0000185179.34486.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may serve as ligands for kinases that are involved in normal cell differentiation or repair, thereby leading to toxicity. It may be possible to target such inhibitors to tumor cells by coupling them to hypoxia-activated bioreductive molecules. Such coupling can utilize or incorporate bonds that have a propensity to be preferentially oxidized by thiols such as intracellular glutathione (GSH). The resulting depletion of GSH may increase redox-mediated apoptosis. The resultant molecule is hence projected to act via multiple cell killing mechanisms: (i) inhibition of tumor kinases, (ii) tumor DNA disruption and (iii) causing increased redox-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangaprasad Sarangarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Nagaria NC, Cogswell J, Choe JK, Kasimis B. Side Effects and Good Effects from New Chemotherapeutic Agents. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:2423-4. [PMID: 15800334 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Nagaria
- Department of Veterans Affairs VA, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey--New Jersey Medical School, New Jersey Health Care System, East Oranage, USA
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7
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Schnitzer JJ. Control and regulation of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin Pediatr Surg 2004; 13:37-43. [PMID: 14765369 DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Control of fetal lung growth and development is exquisitely orchestrated and regulated. Branching morphogenesis is carefully choreographed with cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a spatially and temporally dependent manner. Some of the signals and pathways mediating these events have recently been uncovered, but much remains unknown. The precise etiologic derangements that give rise to pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia remain elusive. Some clues have been discovered in developmental and signaling pathways that include receptor tyrosine kinase growth factors, homeobox genes, transcription factors, airway distension, retinoid signaling, and oxidation-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Schnitzer
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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8
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Ramadurai SM, Chen WY, Yerozolimsky GB, Zagami M, Dammann CEL, Nielsen HC. Cell-specific and developmental expression of phospholipase C-gamma and diacylglycerol in fetal lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 284:L808-16. [PMID: 12505868 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00117.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) regulates development of cell-cell communication in fetal lung, but the signal transduction mechanisms involved are unknown. We hypothesized that, in late-gestation fetal rat lung, phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) expression and activation by EGF is cell specific and developmentally regulated. PLC-gamma immunolocalized to cuboidal epithelium and mesenchymal clusters underlying developing saccules. PLC-gamma protein increased from day 17 to day 19 and then decreased. In cultured fetal lung fibroblasts, EGF stimulated PLC-gamma phosphorylation 2.6-fold (day 17), 10.8-fold (day 19), and 4.2-fold (day 21). EGF stimulated (3)H-labeled diacylglycerol production in fibroblasts (beginning on day 18 in female and on day 19 in male rats), but not in type II cells at any time during gestation. EGFR blockade abrogated the observed stimulation of PLC-gamma phosphorylation by EGF. In conclusion, PLC-gamma expression and activation by EGF in fetal lung are cell specific, corresponding to the development of EGFR expression. EGF induces diacylglycerol production in a cell- and gestation-specific manner. PLC-gamma activation by EGFR in fetal lung fibroblasts may be involved in EGF control of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha M Ramadurai
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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Beutler T, Höflich C, Stevens PA, Krüger DH, Prösch S. Downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by human cytomegalovirus infection in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 28:86-94. [PMID: 12495936 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor plays a key role in late fetal lung development and differentiation as well as in regulating surfactant protein A synthesis, which is involved in innate immunity of the lung. Here we show that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a known lung pathogen in connatal and postnatal infection of neonates as well as transplant recipients, completely down-regulates EGF receptor (EGF-R) on the surface of human fetal lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of EGF-R synthesis occurs on the transcriptional rather than on the posttranscriptional level. The effect essentially depends on expression of viral immediate early and/or early genes, as binding of ultraviolet light-inactivated virus to the cells had no effect on EGF-R expression. Furthermore, the anti-HCMV drug ganciclovir, which blocks HCMV DNA replication and late gene expression, cannot overcome HCMV-mediated inhibition of EGF-R, suggesting that immediate early or early gene products may be responsible for down-regulation of EGF-R. Interestingly, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, which is used for its antiinflammatory action to prevent chronic lung disease in preterm infants, promotes HCMV-associated downregulation of the EGF-R by stimulation of viral gene expression. From these data it can be hypothesized that the pathogenesis of HCMV lung infection involves down-regulation of EGF-R and that congenital HCMV infection may cause retardation in lung maturation and surfactant protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beutler
- Institute of Virology and Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Foster DJ, Yan X, Bellotto DJ, Moe OW, Hagler HK, Estrera AS, Hsia CCW. Expression of epidermal growth factor and surfactant proteins during postnatal and compensatory lung growth. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 283:L981-90. [PMID: 12376351 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00053.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether lung growth after pneumonectomy (PNX) invokes normal signaling pathways of postnatal development. We qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the immunoexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), its receptor (EGFR), surfactant proteins (SP) [SP-A and -D and surfactant proproteins (proSP)-B and -C] and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in immature and mature dog lung. We also assayed these proteins in lungs of immature dogs 3 wk or 10 mo after they underwent right PNX compared with simultaneous matched sham controls. During maturation, alveolar cell proliferation is regionally regulated in parallel with EGF and EGFR levels and inversely correlated with SP-A and proSP-C levels. In contrast, post-PNX lung growth is not associated with EGF or EGFR upregulation but with markedly increased SP-A level and moderately increased SP-D level; proSP-B and proSP-C levels did not change. We conclude that 1) signaling of EGF axis and differential regulation of SPs persist during postnatal lung development, 2) post-PNX lung growth is not a simple recapitulation of maturational responses, and 3) SP-A and SP-D may modulate post-PNX lung growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Foster
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9034, USA
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11
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Take G, Ilgaz C, Erdogan D, Ozogul C. Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in normal and diseased newborn lung tissues. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2002; 88:145-53. [PMID: 11999807 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.88.2001.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of EGF receptors (EGF-R) was examined in normal, hyaline membrane diseased and pneumonic newborn lung tissues by immunohistochemical methods under the light microscope. The PAP technique with polyclonal antibodies was performed to demonstrate the EGF receptor localisation in these tissues. Strong EGF-R reactivity was observed on bronchiolar epithelium and type I and type II alveolar cells in normal newborn lung tissues; whereas, poor reactivity was observed in alveolar macrophages. On the other hand, strong immunoreactivity was detected in type I alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages in hyaline membrane disease, but no reactivity was present in type II alveolar cells. The strongest immunoreactivity was observed in alveolar macrophages of newborn pneumonic lung tissues. In conclusion, the most meaningful form of reactivity was observed in normal newborn lung tissues of airway track and respiration area. This result is related with the maturation of the lungs after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Take
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Klein JM, McCarthy TA, Dagle JM, Snyder JM. Antisense inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor decreases expression of human surfactant protein A. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 22:676-84. [PMID: 10837364 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.22.6.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates surfactant protein A (SP-A) synthesis in fetal lung tissue through ligand binding to the EGF receptor. We hypothesized that inhibition of EGF receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) would block SP-A expression in human fetal lung tissue during alveolar type II cell differentiation in vitro. Midtrimester human fetal lung explants were maintained in serum-free Waymouth's medium for 3 to 5 d in the presence or absence of an antisense 18-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (ON) complementary to the initiation codon region of EGF receptor mRNA. Sense and scrambled ONs similarly modified were used as additional controls. The concentration of EGF receptor mRNA was semiquantitatively determined by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found a significant 3-fold decrease in EGF receptor mRNA levels in the antisense-treated groups compared with the control group with no effect in the sense condition. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a decrease in the amount of staining for EGF receptor protein in distal pulmonary epithelial cells in the antisense-treated groups compared with either control or sense conditions. Treatment with antisense EGF receptor ON decreased both SP-A mRNA and protein compared with controls with no effect in the sense condition. The ONs did not affect tissue viability as measured by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. We conclude that selective degradation of EGF receptor mRNA with antisense ON treatment results in a decrease in SP-A expression in human fetal lung. These findings support the critical importance of the EGF receptor for the regulation of SP-A gene expression during human alveolar type II cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1083, USA.
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13
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Patel NV, Acarregui MJ, Snyder JM, Klein JM, Sliwkowski MX, Kern JA. Neuregulin-1 and human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 and 3 play a role in human lung development in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000; 22:432-40. [PMID: 10745024 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.22.4.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four distinct receptors: HER1 (epidermal growth factor receptor), HER2, HER3, and HER4. Their specific activating ligands are collectively known as neuregulins (NRG). We hypothesized that one member of the NRG family, NRG-1, and the HER family would play a role in fetal lung development. To test this hypothesis, we defined NRG-1 and HER gene expression in mid-trimester human fetal lung tissue. HER2 and HER3 messenger RNA and protein were detected in the fetal lung, but HER4 expression was not detected. Immunohistochemical staining of fetal lung tissue localized HER2 and HER3 protein to the developing lung epithelium. NRG-1 expression was not found in freshly isolated human fetal lung, but it was observed in fetal lung explants after 2 d of explant culture. Immunohistochemistry of cultured human fetal lung explants revealed that NRG-1 protein was also expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells. Exposing human fetal lung to recombinant NRG-1 activated the HER receptor complex as measured by approximately 4-fold increases in receptor phosphotyrosine content. In addition, NRG-1 increased explant epithelial cell volume density approximately 2-fold (P < 0. 03); increased epithelial cell proliferation approximately 2-fold, as determined by bromodeoxyuridine labeling (P = 0.002); and reduced surfactant protein-A (SP-A) levels by 53% (P < 0.05). These data are consistent with an autocrine regulatory process mediated by NRG-1 activation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers expressed on developing human fetal lung epithelial cells. Receptor activation results in increased lung epithelial cell proliferation and volume density, and decreased SP-A production, a marker of type II pneumocyte differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Autocrine Communication
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Division
- Dimerization
- ErbB Receptors/analysis
- Fetal Proteins/biosynthesis
- Fetal Proteins/chemistry
- Fetal Proteins/genetics
- Fetal Proteins/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Lung/embryology
- Lung/metabolism
- Morphogenesis
- Neuregulin-1/biosynthesis
- Neuregulin-1/genetics
- Neuregulin-1/pharmacology
- Neuregulin-1/physiology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proteolipids/biosynthesis
- Proteolipids/genetics
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A
- Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins
- Pulmonary Surfactants/biosynthesis
- Pulmonary Surfactants/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/physiology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-3/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/physiology
- Receptor, ErbB-4
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Patel
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Villanueva D, McCants D, Nielsen HC. Effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the development of EGF-receptor (EGF-R) binding in fetal rabbit lung organ culture. Pediatr Pulmonol 2000; 29:27-33. [PMID: 10613783 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0496(200001)29:1<27::aid-ppul5>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes gender- and development-specific changes in fetal lung surfactant synthesis. We hypothesized that the effects of EGF on development of surfactant synthesis are related to effects on EGF receptor (EGF-R) expression. We prepared sex-specific fetal rabbit lung organ cultures on gestational days 21 and 24 (term = 31 days) in Waymouth's medium + 10% charcoal-stripped fetal calf serum as control or with added EGF (10 ng/mL). After 3, 5, and 7 days of culture, we measured specific EGF-R binding in fetal lung plasma membrane preparations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effects of fetal gender (P = 0.0003), time in culture (P = 0.01), and EGF treatment (P = 0. 0003) on EGF specific binding. In control cultures from days 21 and 24 (both male and female), EGF specific binding tended to decrease with time in culture. Specific binding in EGF-treated female 21-day cultures was significantly higher than in controls, both after 5 days (184% of control, P = 0.007) and after 7 days (151% of control, P = 0.01; Bonferroni multiple comparisons) of treatment, whereas males exhibited no response to EGF treatment. As opposed to these effects in 21-day cultures, EGF had little effect on 24-day cultures. We conclude that EGF affects the expression of the EGF-R on EGF specific binding in the fetal lung. The development of surfactant synthesis in the fetal lung may be controlled by upregulation of the EGF-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Villanueva
- Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Klein JM, DeWild LJ, McCarthy TA. Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibition on surfactant protein A gene expression during human lung development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 274:L542-51. [PMID: 9575872 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1998.274.4.l542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates surfactant protein (SP) A synthesis in human fetal lung explants. Ligand binding to the EGF receptor stimulates an intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinase with subsequent activation of second messengers. We hypothesized that inhibition of EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase activity would block SP-A expression in spontaneously differentiating cultured human fetal lung tissue. Midtrimester fetal lung explants were exposed for 4 days to genistein (a broad-range inhibitor of tyrosine kinases) and tyrphostin AG-1478 (a specific inhibitor of EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase). Genistein significantly decreased SP-A and SP-A mRNA levels without affecting either tissue viability or the morphological differentiation of alveolar type II cells. Tyrphostin AG-1478 also decreased SP-A content and SP-A mRNA levels in cultured fetal lung explants. Treatment with EGF could not overcome the inhibitory effects of either genistein or tyrphostin on SP-A; however, only tyrphostin inhibited EGF-receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. We conclude that specific inhibition of EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase with tyrphostin AG-1478 blocks the expression of SP-A during spontaneous differentiation of cultured human fetal lung tissue. Furthermore, exposure to genistein also decreases SP-A expression and blocks the effects of EGF in human fetal lung tissue without inhibiting EGF-receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. These findings support the importance of tyrosine kinase-dependent signal transduction pathways in the regulation of SP-A during human fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1083, USA
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16
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Rosenblum DA, Volpe MV, Dammann CE, Lo YS, Thompson JF, Nielsen HC. Expression and activity of epidermal growth factor receptor in late fetal rat lung is cell- and sex-specific. Exp Cell Res 1998; 239:69-81. [PMID: 9511726 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) augments late fetal lung maturation by advancing the ontogeny of fetal lung development and by stimulating surfactant synthesis. Previous studies have indicated that fibroblastalveolar epithelial cell communications mediate surfactant synthesis in the fetal lung and EGF acts through such a mechanism. We investigated the hypothesis that is differential activity and expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in fetal lung fibroblasts during the canalicular stage of lung development mediates EGF effects. To test this hypothesis, we examined fetal rat lung fibroblasts (FLFs) and type II cells of late gestation (canalicular and saccular stages; 17-22 days) by EGF-R binding techniques, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot analysis. Specific EGF binding increased 181% in day 18 female FLFs, with male FLFs exhibiting a similar increase on day 19. In contrast, specific EGF binding was low in type II cells, did not increase during late gestation, and there were no sex-specific differences. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis revealed a predominant 170-kDa EGF-R band in fibroblasts that increased with gestation (peak = 19 days), and was stronger in females. Immunoprecipitation of EGF-treated cells demonstrated the tyrosine kinase activity of the identified receptor. In contrast, type II cells showed minimal signal that did not increase until day 21 of gestation. We also examined whole fetal lung sections by immunohistochemistry to determine cell-specific expression of the EGF-R in vivo. Immunohistochemistry revealed specific EGF-R staining in columnar and cuboidal epithelia of small conducting airways and in mesenchyme of epithelial-mesenchymal borders (including subepithelial mesenchyme). In contrast, alveolar epithelia showed minimal staining, while subalveolar mesenchyme EGF-R staining peaked at day 19 of gestation. We conclude that cell-specific and sex-specific differences in EGF-R binding and EGF-R immunolocalization appears in the fetal lung at a developmental stage that is critical for alveolar epithelial cell differentiation. The results suggest a role for EGF-R activation in late fetal alveolar epithelial cell maturation, which is mediated through mesenchymal-epithelial cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rosenblum
- Division of Newborn Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Adamson
- Burnham Institute, La Jolla Cancer Research Center, California 92037, USA
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18
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Miettinen PJ, Warburton D, Bu D, Zhao JS, Berger JE, Minoo P, Koivisto T, Allen L, Dobbs L, Werb Z, Derynck R. Impaired lung branching morphogenesis in the absence of functional EGF receptor. Dev Biol 1997; 186:224-36. [PMID: 9205141 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian lung develops through branching morphogenesis which is controlled by growth factors, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. We have evaluated the role of EGF-receptor signaling in lung morphogenesis by analyzing the developmental phenotype of lungs in mice with an inactivated the EGF-receptor gene both in vivo and in organ culture. Neonatal EGF-receptor-deficient mice often show evidence of lung immaturity which can result in visible respiratory distress. The lungs of these mutant mice had impaired branching and deficient alveolization and septation, resulting in a 50% reduction in alveolar volume and, thus, a markedly reduced surface for gas exchange. The EGF-receptor inactivation also resulted in type II pneumocyte immaturity, which was apparent from their increased glycogen content and a reduced number of lamellar bodies. The defective branching was already evident at Day 12 of embryonic development. When explants of embryonic lungs from Day 12 embryos were cultured under defined conditions, the branching defect in EGF-receptor-deficient lungs was even more pronounced, with only half as many terminal buds as normal lungs. EGF treatment stimulated the expression of surfactant protein C and thyroid transcription factor-1 in cultured normal lungs, but not in EGF-receptor-deficient lungs, suggesting that EGF-receptor signaling regulates the expression of these marker genes during type II pneumocyte maturation. Taken together, our data indicate that signal transduction through the EGF receptor plays a major role in lung development and that its inactivation leads to a respiratory distress-like syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Miettinen
- Department of Growth and Development, University of California at San Francisco, 94143, USA
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Klein JM, McCarthy TA. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity decreases expression of surfactant protein A in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line independent of epidermal growth factor receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1355:218-30. [PMID: 9060993 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(96)00134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances fetal lung development in vivo and in vitro. Ligand binding to the EGF receptor stimulates an intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinase initiating a signal transduction cascade. We hypothesized that blocking EGF receptor function with tyrosine kinase inhibitors would decrease the expression of surfactant protein A in human pulmonary epithelial cells. Human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells (NCI-H441) were exposed to genistein (a broad range inhibitor of tyrosine kinases) and tyrphostin AG1478 (a specific inhibitor of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase). Genistein significantly decreased surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-A mRNA levels in H441 cells without affecting cell viability. The inhibitory effect of genistein on SP-A content was reversible. In contrast, tyrphostin AG1478 had no effect on SP-A levels despite a greater inhibitory effect than genistein on EGF receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation. Furthermore, treatment of H441 cells with exogenous EGF did not increase SP-A content or mRNA levels beyond baseline. We conclude that inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity other than the EGF receptor decreases the expression of surfactant protein A at a pretranslational level in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells. These results suggest the importance of tyrosine kinases in modulating human SP-A synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1083, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The production of pulmonary surfactant, a complex of lipids and proteins that reduces surface tension at the alveolar air-liquid interface, is developmentally regulated. Several hormones, most notably glucocorticoids, are known to accelerate maturation of the surfactant system. Cytokines are polypeptides that act mostly in a paracrine fashion and possess a wide spectrum of activities on multiple types of cells. Many cytokines are produced by different lung cells a various stages of fetal development or under pathological conditions affecting the fetus. In addition, cytokines present in amniotic fluid or in the blood stream may reach the fetal lungs. Some cytokines, including epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma have been shown to stimulate the production of surfactant components. On the other hand, tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor-beta downregulate the production of surfactant lipids and proteins. We have recently shown that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-I) enhances the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in fetal rabbit lung explants. In addition, injection of IL-I into the amniotic fluid of fetal rabbits enhances the expression of surfactant proteins and improves the lung compliance of preterm animals. Preterm delivery is often associated with subclinical intraamniotic infection. In these cases, amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-I are often elevated. We propose that this cytokine accelerates maturation of the surfactant system in fetal lungs and thus prepares the fetus for extrauterine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine 92717, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hume
- Department of Child Health, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital
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Klein JM, Fritz BL, McCarthy TA, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Snyder JM. Localization of epidermal growth factor receptor in alveolar epithelium during human fetal lung development in vitro. Exp Lung Res 1995; 21:917-39. [PMID: 8591794 DOI: 10.3109/01902149509031771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances alveolar type II cell differentiation. In human fetal lung explants, EGF stimulates surfactant protein A (SP-A) synthesis. This effect may occur through a direct interaction of the ligand on EGF receptors located within distal pulmonary epithelium during alveolar type II cell differentiation. To determine if EGF receptor is present in alveolar epithelium, immunostaining for EGF receptor and in situ hybridization for EGF receptor mRNA were performed in human fetal lung explants undergoing alveolar type II cell differentiation in vitro. After 4 days in culture, EGF receptor immunostaining was present in alveolar epithelium from human fetal lung explants compared to minimal immunostaining in undifferentiated human fetal lung epithelium prior to culture. In situ hybridization revealed increased EGF receptor mRNA in differentiated type II cells from cultured explants, with minimal EGF receptor mRNA detected in undifferentiated epithelium from tissue prior to culture. Immunogold staining revealed EGF receptors on the cytoplasmic membranes of epithelial cells lining the prealveolar ducts in human fetal lung explants after 2 days in culture. Alveolar type II cell differentiation in vitro was confirmed ultrastructurally by the presence of lamellar bodies and biochemically by an increase in SP-A content. Thus, EGF receptor is found in alveolar epithelium during differentiation, which suggests an important role for EGF during human fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1083, USA
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Miettinen PJ, Berger JE, Meneses J, Phung Y, Pedersen RA, Werb Z, Derynck R. Epithelial immaturity and multiorgan failure in mice lacking epidermal growth factor receptor. Nature 1995; 376:337-41. [PMID: 7630400 DOI: 10.1038/376337a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery that epidermal growth factor (EGF) can accelerate opening of the eyelids, the EGF receptor (EGF-R) has been extensively studied and is now considered to be a prototype tyrosine kinase receptor. Binding of EGF or of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) or other related factors activates the receptor and induces cell proliferation and differentiation. Although it is not found on haematopoietic cells, the EGF-R is widely expressed in mammals and has been implicated in various stages of embryonic development. Here we investigate the developmental and physiological roles of this receptor and its ligands by inactivating the gene encoding EGF-R. We find that EGF-R-/- mice survive for up to 8 days after birth and suffer from impaired epithelial development in several organs, including skin, lung and gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Miettinen
- Department of Growth and Development, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0640, USA
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