1
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Srinivasan S, Regmi R, Lin X, Dreyer CA, Chen X, Quinn SD, He W, Coleman MA, Carraway KL, Zhang B, Schlau-Cohen GS. Ligand-induced transmembrane conformational coupling in monomeric EGFR. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3709. [PMID: 35794108 PMCID: PMC9259572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Single pass cell surface receptors regulate cellular processes by transmitting ligand-encoded signals across the plasma membrane via changes to their extracellular and intracellular conformations. This transmembrane signaling is generally initiated by ligand binding to the receptors in their monomeric form. While subsequent receptor-receptor interactions are established as key aspects of transmembrane signaling, the contribution of monomeric receptors has been challenging to isolate due to the complexity and ligand-dependence of these interactions. By combining membrane nanodiscs produced with cell-free expression, single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations, we report that ligand binding induces intracellular conformational changes within monomeric, full-length epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Our observations establish the existence of extracellular/intracellular conformational coupling within a single receptor molecule. We implicate a series of electrostatic interactions in the conformational coupling and find the coupling is inhibited by targeted therapeutics and mutations that also inhibit phosphorylation in cells. Collectively, these results introduce a facile mechanism to link the extracellular and intracellular regions through the single transmembrane helix of monomeric EGFR, and raise the possibility that intramolecular transmembrane conformational changes upon ligand binding are common to single-pass membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha Srinivasan
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Raju Regmi
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Present Address: Institut Curie, CNRS, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Xingcheng Lin
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Courtney A. Dreyer
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Xuyan Chen
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Steven D. Quinn
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.5685.e0000 0004 1936 9668Present Address: Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Wei He
- grid.250008.f0000 0001 2160 9702Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- grid.250008.f0000 0001 2160 9702Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Kermit L. Carraway
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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2
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Laurence MJ, Carpenter TS, Laurence TA, Coleman MA, Shelby M, Liu C. Biophysical Characterization of Membrane Proteins Embedded in Nanodiscs Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040392. [PMID: 35448362 PMCID: PMC9028781 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins embedded in biological membranes perform essential functions in all organisms, serving as receptors, transporters, channels, cell adhesion molecules, and other supporting cellular roles. These membrane proteins comprise ~30% of all human proteins and are the targets of ~60% of FDA-approved drugs, yet their extensive characterization using established biochemical and biophysical methods has continued to be elusive due to challenges associated with the purification of these insoluble proteins. In response, the development of nanodisc techniques, such as nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) and styrene maleic acid polymers (SMALPs), allowed membrane proteins to be expressed and isolated in solution as part of lipid bilayer rafts with defined, consistent nanometer sizes and compositions, thus enabling solution-based measurements. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a relatively simple yet powerful optical microscopy-based technique that yields quantitative biophysical information, such as diffusion kinetics and concentrations, about individual or interacting species in solution. Here, we first summarize current nanodisc techniques and FCS fundamentals. We then provide a focused review of studies that employed FCS in combination with nanodisc technology to investigate a handful of membrane proteins, including bacteriorhodopsin, bacterial division protein ZipA, bacterial membrane insertases SecYEG and YidC, Yersinia pestis type III secretion protein YopB, yeast cell wall stress sensor Wsc1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ABC transporters, and several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Laurence
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.J.L.); (T.S.C.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Timothy S. Carpenter
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.J.L.); (T.S.C.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Ted A. Laurence
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.J.L.); (T.S.C.); (M.A.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Megan Shelby
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.J.L.); (T.S.C.); (M.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; (M.J.L.); (T.S.C.); (M.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.L.)
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3
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He W, Evans AC, Hynes WF, Coleman MA, Robertson C. Nanolipoprotein-Mediated Her2 Protein Transfection Induces Malignant Transformation in Human Breast Acinar Cultures. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29416-29423. [PMID: 34778614 PMCID: PMC8581977 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Her2 overexpression is associated with an aggressive form of breast cancer and malignant transformation. We demonstrate in this work that nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) synthesized in a cell-free manner can be used to transfer Her2 protein into the membrane of nonmalignant cells in 3D culture in a nontoxic and facile manner. With NLP-mediated Her2 protein delivery, we observed an increased probability of nonmalignant cells forming apolar nongrowth-arrested tumor-like structures. The NLP delivery system alone or Her2-NLPs plus the Her2 inhibitor trastuzumab showed no effect on the acinar organization rate, indicating that Her2 signaling is key to this process. Transcriptomics revealed essentially no effect of empty NLPs compared to untreated cells, whereas Her2-NLPs versus either untreated or empty-NLP-treated cells revealed upregulation of several factors associated with breast cancer. Pathway analysis also suggested that known nodes downstream of Her2 were activated in response to Her2-NLP treatment. This demonstrates that Her2 protein delivery with NLPs is sufficient for the malignant transformation of nonmalignant cells. Thus, this system offers a new model for studying cell surface receptor signaling without genomic modification or transformation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Physical
and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Angela C. Evans
- Radiation
Oncology, University of California Davis
School of Medicine, 4501
X Street, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - William F. Hynes
- Materials
Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Physical
and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Radiation
Oncology, University of California Davis
School of Medicine, 4501
X Street, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Claire Robertson
- Materials
Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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4
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Darwish M, Gao X, Shatz W, Li H, Lin M, Franke Y, Tam C, Mortara K, Zilberleyb I, Hannoush RN, Blanchette C. Nanolipoprotein particles for co-delivery of cystine-knot peptides and Fab-based therapeutics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3929-3941. [PMID: 36133017 PMCID: PMC9419673 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) have been evaluated as an in vivo delivery vehicle for a variety of molecules of therapeutic interest. However, delivery of peptide-like drugs in combination with therapeutic Fabs has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we describe the development and characterization of cystine-knot peptide (CKP)-containing NLPs and Fab-CKP-NLP conjugates. CKPs were incorporated into NLPs using a self-assembly strategy. The trypsin inhibitor EETI-II, a model CKP, was produced with a C16 fatty acyl chain to enable incorporation of the CKP into the lipid bilayer core during NLP assembly. The CKP-NLP retained trypsin inhibitory function although the overall activity was reduced by ∼5 fold compared to free CKP, which was presumably due to steric hindrance. The NLP platform was also shown to accommodate up to ∼60 CKP molecules. Moreover, the stability of the CKP-NLP was comparable to the NLP control, displaying a relatively short half-life (∼1 h) in 50% serum at 37 °C. Therapeutic Fabs were also loaded onto the CKP-NLP by introducing thiol-reactive lipids that would undergo a covalent reaction with the Fab. Using this strategy, Fab loading could be reliably controlled from 1-50 Fabs per CKP-NLP and was found to be independent of CKP density. Surprisingly, Fab incorporation into CKP-NLPs led to a substantial improvement in NLP stability (half-life > 24 h) at 37 °C; also, there was no reduction in CKP activity in the Fab-CKP-NLP conjugates compared to CKP-NLPs. Altogether, our data demonstrate the potential of NLPs as a promising platform for the targeted or multidrug delivery of peptide-based drug candidates in combination with Fabs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Genentech Inc 1 DNA way So San Francisco 94080 USA
| | | | - Hong Li
- Genentech Inc 1 DNA way So San Francisco 94080 USA
| | - May Lin
- Genentech Inc 1 DNA way So San Francisco 94080 USA
| | | | | | - Kyle Mortara
- Genentech Inc 1 DNA way So San Francisco 94080 USA
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5
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Ingólfsson HI, Bhatia H, Zeppelin T, Bennett WFD, Carpenter KA, Hsu PC, Dharuman G, Bremer PT, Schiøtt B, Lightstone FC, Carpenter TS. Capturing Biologically Complex Tissue-Specific Membranes at Different Levels of Compositional Complexity. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7819-7829. [PMID: 32790367 PMCID: PMC7553384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Plasma membranes
(PMs) contain hundreds of different lipid species
that contribute differently to overall bilayer properties. By modulation
of these properties, membrane protein function can be affected. Furthermore,
inhomogeneous lipid mixing and domains of lipid enrichment/depletion
can sort proteins and provide optimal local environments. Recent coarse-grained
(CG) Martini molecular dynamics efforts have provided glimpses into
lipid organization of different PMs: an “Average” and
a “Brain” PM. Their high complexity and large size require
long simulations (∼80 μs) for proper sampling. Thus,
these simulations are computationally taxing. This level of complexity
is beyond the possibilities of all-atom simulations, raising the question—what
complexity is needed for “realistic” bilayer properties?
We constructed CG Martini PM models of varying complexity (63 down
to 8 different lipids). Lipid tail saturations and headgroup combinations
were kept as consistent as possible for the “tissues’”
(Average/Brain) at three levels of compositional complexity. For each
system, we analyzed membrane properties to evaluate which features
can be retained at lower complexity and validate eight-component bilayers
that can act as reliable mimetics for Average or Brain PMs. Systems
of reduced complexity deliver a more robust and malleable tool for
computational membrane studies and allow for equivalent all-atom simulations
and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi I Ingólfsson
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Harsh Bhatia
- Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Talia Zeppelin
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - W F Drew Bennett
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Kristy A Carpenter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pin-Chia Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gautham Dharuman
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Peer-Timo Bremer
- Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States.,Center for Extreme Data Management Analysis and Visualization (CEDMAV) Institute, University of Utah, 72 South Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Felice C Lightstone
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Timothy S Carpenter
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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6
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Darwish M, Shatz W, Leonard B, Loyet K, Barrett K, Wong JL, Li H, Abraham R, Lin M, Franke Y, Tam C, Mortara K, Zilberleyb I, Blanchette C. Nanolipoprotein Particles as a Delivery Platform for Fab Based Therapeutics. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1995-2007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Darwish
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Whitney Shatz
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Brandon Leonard
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Kelly Loyet
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Kathy Barrett
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Janice L. Wong
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Hong Li
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Ryan Abraham
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - May Lin
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Yvonne Franke
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Christine Tam
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Kyle Mortara
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
| | - Inna Zilberleyb
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94088, United States
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7
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He W, Evans AC, Rasley A, Bourguet F, Peters S, Kamrud KI, Wang N, Hubby B, Felderman M, Gouvis H, Coleman MA, Fischer NO. Cationic HDL mimetics enhance in vivo delivery of self-replicating mRNA. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102154. [PMID: 31982617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vivo delivery of large RNA molecules has significant implications for novel gene therapy, biologics delivery, and vaccine applications. We have developed cationic nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) to enhance the complexation and delivery of large self-amplifying mRNAs (replicons) in vivo. NLPs are high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetics, comprised of a discoidal lipid bilayer stabilized by apolipoproteins that are readily functionalized to provide a versatile delivery platform. Herein, we systematically screened NLP assembly with a wide range of lipidic and apolipoprotein constituents, using biophysical metrics to identify lead candidates for in vivo RNA delivery. NLPs formulated with cationic lipids successfully complexed with RNA replicons encoding luciferase, provided measurable protection from RNase degradation, and promoted replicon in vivo expression. The NLP complexation of the replicon and in vivo transfection efficiency were further enhanced by modulating the type and percentage of cationic lipid, the ratio of cationic NLP to replicon, and by incorporating additive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Angela C Evans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Amy Rasley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Feliza Bourguet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Sandra Peters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | | | | | - Bolyn Hubby
- Synthetic Genomics Vaccine Inc., La Jolla, CA
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8
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Dang AT, He W, Ivey DB, Coleman MA, Kuhl TL. Lipid and Protein Transfer between Nanolipoprotein Particles and Supported Lipid Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12071-12078. [PMID: 31442053 PMCID: PMC7024587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A nanolipoprotein particle (NLP) is a lipid bilayer disc stabilized by two amphipathic "scaffold" apolipoproteins. It has been most notably utilized as a tool for solubilizing a variety of membrane proteins while preserving structural and functional properties. Transfer of functional proteins from NLPs into model membrane systems such as supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) would enable new opportunities, for example, two-dimensional protein crystallization and studies on protein-protein interactions. This work used fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy to investigate the interaction between NLPs and SLBs. When incubated with SLBs, NLPs were found to spontaneously deliver lipid and protein cargo. The impact of membrane composition on lipid exchange was explored, revealing a positive correlation between the magnitude of lipid transfer and concentration of defects in the target SLB. Incorporation of lipids capable of binding specifically to polyhistidine tags encoded into the apolipoproteins also boosted transfer of NLP cargo. Optimal conditions for lipid and protein delivery from NLPs to SLBs are proposed based on interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T. Dang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Wei He
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
| | - Daniela B. Ivey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | | | - Tonya L. Kuhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis CA 95616
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9
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Shelby ML, He W, Dang AT, Kuhl TL, Coleman MA. Cell-Free Co-Translational Approaches for Producing Mammalian Receptors: Expanding the Cell-Free Expression Toolbox Using Nanolipoproteins. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:744. [PMID: 31333463 PMCID: PMC6616253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranes proteins make up more than 60% of current drug targets and account for approximately 30% or more of the cellular proteome. Access to this important class of proteins has been difficult due to their inherent insolubility and tendency to aggregate in aqueous solutions. Understanding membrane protein structure and function demands novel means of membrane protein production that preserve both their native conformational state as well as function. Over the last decade, cell-free expression systems have emerged as an important complement to cell-based expression of membrane proteins due to their simple and customizable experimental parameters. One approach to overcome the solubility and stability limitations of purified membrane proteins is to support them in stable, native-like states within nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), aka nanodiscs. This has become common practice to facilitate biochemical and biophysical characterization of proteins of interest. NLP technology can be easily coupled with cell-free systems to achieve functional membrane protein production for this purpose. Our approach involves utilizing cell-free expression systems in the presence of NLPs or using co-translation techniques to perform one-pot expression and self-assembly of membrane protein/NLP complexes. We describe how cell-free reactions can be modified to render control over nanoparticle size and monodispersity in support of membrane protein production. These modifications have been exploited to facilitate co-expression of full-length functional membrane proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). In particular, we summarize the state of the art in NLP-assisted cell-free coexpression of these important classes of membrane proteins as well as evaluate the advances in and prospects for this technology that will drive drug discovery against these targets. We conclude with a prospective on the use of NLPs to produce as well as deliver functional mammalian membrane-bound proteins for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Shelby
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Wei He
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Amanda T Dang
- University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tonya L Kuhl
- University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Matthew A Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States.,University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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10
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Quinn SD, Srinivasan S, Gordon JB, He W, Carraway KL, Coleman MA, Schlau-Cohen GS. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Detection of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Membrane Discs. Biochemistry 2019; 58:286-294. [PMID: 29553754 PMCID: PMC6173994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critical to normal cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, it has been implicated in a range of pathologies, including cancer. As a result, it is the primary target of many anticancer drugs. One limitation to the design and development of these drugs has been the lack of molecular-level information about the interactions and conformational dynamics of EGFR. To overcome this limitation, this work reports the construction and characterization of functional, fluorescently labeled, and full-length EGFR in model membrane nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) for in vitro fluorescence studies. To demonstrate the utility of the system, we investigate ATP-EGFR interactions. We observe that ATP binds at the catalytic site providing a means to measure a range of distances between the catalytic site and the C-terminus via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). These ATP-based experiments suggest a range of conformations of the C-terminus that may be a function of the phosphorylation state for EGFR. This work is a proof-of-principle demonstration of single-molecule studies as a noncrystallographic assay for EGFR interactions in real-time and under near-physiological conditions. The diverse nature of EGFR interactions means that new tools at the molecular level have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of receptor pathology and are of utmost importance for cancer-related drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Shwetha Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Jesse B. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Wei He
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Kermit L. Carraway
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Radiation Oncology, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
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11
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Cleveland TE, He W, Evans AC, Fischer NO, Lau EY, Coleman MA, Butler P. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering demonstrates that cell-free expression produces properly formed disc-shaped nanolipoprotein particles. Protein Sci 2018; 27:780-789. [PMID: 29266475 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), composed of membrane scaffold proteins and lipids, have been used to support membrane proteins in a native-like bilayer environment for biochemical and structural studies. Traditionally, these NLPs have been prepared by the controlled removal of detergent from a detergent-solubilized protein-lipid mixture. Recently, an alternative method has been developed using direct cell-free expression of the membrane scaffold protein in the presence of preformed lipid vesicles, which spontaneously produces NLPs without the need for detergent at any stage. Using SANS/SAXS, we show here that NLPs produced by this cell-free expression method are structurally indistinguishable from those produced using detergent removal methodologies. This further supports the utility of single step cell-free methods for the production of lipid binding proteins. In addition, detailed structural information describing these NLPs can be obtained by fitting a capped core-shell cylinder type model to all SANS/SAXS data simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Cleveland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Rockville, Maryland, 20850
| | - Wei He
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550
| | - Angela C Evans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550
| | | | - Edmond Y Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550
| | - Matthew A Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550
| | - Paul Butler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996-1600
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12
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He W, Felderman M, Evans AC, Geng J, Homan D, Bourguet F, Fischer NO, Li Y, Lam KS, Noy A, Xing L, Cheng RH, Rasley A, Blanchette CD, Kamrud K, Wang N, Gouvis H, Peterson TC, Hubby B, Coleman MA. Cell-free production of a functional oligomeric form of a Chlamydia major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) for vaccine development. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15121-15132. [PMID: 28739800 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia is a prevalent sexually transmitted disease that infects more than 100 million people worldwide. Although most individuals infected with Chlamydia trachomatis are initially asymptomatic, symptoms can arise if left undiagnosed. Long-term infection can result in debilitating conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and blindness. Chlamydia infection, therefore, constitutes a significant public health threat, underscoring the need for a Chlamydia-specific vaccine. Chlamydia strains express a major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) that has been shown to be an effective vaccine antigen. However, approaches to produce a functional recombinant MOMP protein for vaccine development are limited by poor solubility, low yield, and protein misfolding. Here, we used an Escherichia coli-based cell-free system to express a MOMP protein from the mouse-specific species Chlamydia muridarum (MoPn-MOMP or mMOMP). The codon-optimized mMOMP gene was co-translated with Δ49apolipoprotein A1 (Δ49ApoA1), a truncated version of mouse ApoA1 in which the N-terminal 49 amino acids were removed. This co-translation process produced mMOMP supported within a telodendrimer nanolipoprotein particle (mMOMP-tNLP). The cell-free expressed mMOMP-tNLPs contain mMOMP multimers similar to the native MOMP protein. This cell-free process produced on average 1.5 mg of purified, water-soluble mMOMP-tNLP complex in a 1-ml cell-free reaction. The mMOMP-tNLP particle also accommodated the co-localization of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826, a single-stranded synthetic DNA adjuvant, eliciting an enhanced humoral immune response in vaccinated mice. Using our mMOMP-tNLP formulation, we demonstrate a unique approach to solubilizing and administering membrane-bound proteins for future vaccine development. This method can be applied to other previously difficult-to-obtain antigens while maintaining full functionality and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | | | - Angela C Evans
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Jia Geng
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550.,School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - David Homan
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Feliza Bourguet
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Nicholas O Fischer
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Yuanpei Li
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Kit S Lam
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550.,School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343
| | - Li Xing
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95618
| | - R Holland Cheng
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95618
| | - Amy Rasley
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Craig D Blanchette
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Kurt Kamrud
- Synthetic Genomics Vaccine Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nathaniel Wang
- Synthetic Genomics Vaccine Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Heather Gouvis
- Synthetic Genomics Vaccine Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Bolyn Hubby
- Synthetic Genomics Vaccine Inc., La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Matthew A Coleman
- From the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, .,Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, and
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13
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Rouck J, Krapf J, Roy J, Huff H, Das A. Recent advances in nanodisc technology for membrane protein studies (2012-2017). FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2057-2088. [PMID: 28581067 PMCID: PMC5751705 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the main barrier to membrane protein investigations has been the tendency of membrane proteins to aggregate (due to their hydrophobic nature), in aqueous solution as well as on surfaces. The introduction of biomembrane mimetics has since stimulated momentum in the field. One such mimetic, the nanodisc (ND) system, has proved to be an exceptional system for solubilizing membrane proteins. Herein, we critically evaluate the advantages and imperfections of employing nanodiscs in biophysical and biochemical studies. Specifically, we examine the techniques that have been modified to study membrane proteins in nanodiscs. Techniques discussed here include fluorescence microscopy, solution-state/solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and several mass spectroscopy methods. Newer techniques such as SPR, charge-sensitive optical detection, and scintillation proximity assays are also reviewed. Lastly, we cover how nanodiscs are advancing nanotechnology through nanoplasmonic biosensing, lipoprotein-nanoplatelets, and sortase-mediated labeling of nanodiscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rouck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana IL 61802, USA
| | - John Krapf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana IL 61802, USA
| | - Jahnabi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana IL 61802, USA
| | - Hannah Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana IL 61802, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana IL 61802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana IL 61802, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Neuroscience Program and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana IL 61802, USA
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14
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Coleman MA, Cappuccio JA, Blanchette CD, Gao T, Arroyo ES, Hinz AK, Bourguet FA, Segelke B, Hoeprich PD, Huser T, Laurence TA, Motin VL, Chromy BA. Expression and Association of the Yersinia pestis Translocon Proteins, YopB and YopD, Are Facilitated by Nanolipoprotein Particles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150166. [PMID: 27015536 PMCID: PMC4807764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis enters host cells and evades host defenses, in part, through interactions between Yersinia pestis proteins and host membranes. One such interaction is through the type III secretion system, which uses a highly conserved and ordered complex for Yersinia pestis outer membrane effector protein translocation called the injectisome. The portion of the injectisome that interacts directly with host cell membranes is referred to as the translocon. The translocon is believed to form a pore allowing effector molecules to enter host cells. To facilitate mechanistic studies of the translocon, we have developed a cell-free approach for expressing translocon pore proteins as a complex supported in a bilayer membrane mimetic nano-scaffold known as a nanolipoprotein particle (NLP) Initial results show cell-free expression of Yersinia pestis outer membrane proteins YopB and YopD was enhanced in the presence of liposomes. However, these complexes tended to aggregate and precipitate. With the addition of co-expressed (NLP) forming components, the YopB and/or YopD complex was rendered soluble, increasing the yield of protein for biophysical studies. Biophysical methods such as Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy were used to confirm that the soluble YopB/D complex was associated with NLPs. An interaction between the YopB/D complex and NLP was validated by immunoprecipitation. The YopB/D translocon complex embedded in a NLP provides a platform for protein interaction studies between pathogen and host proteins. These studies will help elucidate the poorly understood mechanism which enables this pathogen to inject effector proteins into host cells, thus evading host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
- University of California Davis, NSF, Center for Biophotonics, Sacramento, CA, United States of America, 95817
- * E-mail: (MAC); (BAC)
| | - Jenny A. Cappuccio
- Humboldt State University, Department of Chemistry, Arcata, CA, United States of America, 95521
| | - Craig D. Blanchette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
| | - Tingjuan Gao
- University of California Davis, NSF, Center for Biophotonics, Sacramento, CA, United States of America, 95817
| | - Erin S. Arroyo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
| | - Angela K. Hinz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
| | - Feliza A. Bourguet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
| | - Brent Segelke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
| | - Paul D. Hoeprich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
| | - Thomas Huser
- University of California Davis, NSF, Center for Biophotonics, Sacramento, CA, United States of America, 95817
| | - Ted A. Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America, 94550
| | - Vladimir L. Motin
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America, 77555
| | - Brett A. Chromy
- University of California Davis, NSF, Center for Biophotonics, Sacramento, CA, United States of America, 95817
- * E-mail: (MAC); (BAC)
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15
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Majhi D, Sahu PK, Seth S, Sarkar M. Probing the interactions of structurally similar but chemically distinguishable organic solutes with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium alkyl sulfate (alkyl = ethyl, hexyl and octyl) ionic liquids through fluorescence, NMR and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22343-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally similar but chemically distinguishable solutes provide idea about intermolecular interactions in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Majhi
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Khurda 752050
- India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Sahu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Khurda 752050
- India
| | - Sudipta Seth
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad – 500046
- India
| | - Moloy Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research
- Khurda 752050
- India
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16
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Cell-free expression of functional receptor tyrosine kinases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12896. [PMID: 26274523 PMCID: PMC4929682 DOI: 10.1038/srep12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play critical roles in physiological and pathological processes, and are important anticancer drug targets. In vitro mechanistic and drug discovery studies of full-length RTKs require protein that is both fully functional and free from contaminating proteins. Here we describe a rapid cell-free and detergent-free co-translation method for producing full-length and functional ERBB2 and EGFR receptor tyrosine kinases supported by water-soluble apolipoprotein A-I based nanolipoprotein particles.
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17
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Koho T, Ihalainen TO, Stark M, Uusi-Kerttula H, Wieneke R, Rahikainen R, Blazevic V, Marjomäki V, Tampé R, Kulomaa MS, Hytönen VP. His-tagged norovirus-like particles: A versatile platform for cellular delivery and surface display. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:22-31. [PMID: 26170162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In addition to vaccines, noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic the viral capsid show an attractive possibility of presenting immunogenic epitopes or targeting molecules on their surface. Here, functionalization of norovirus-derived VLPs by simple non-covalent conjugation of various molecules is shown. By using the affinity between a surface-exposed polyhistidine-tag and multivalent tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (trisNTA), fluorescent dye molecules and streptavidin-biotin conjugated to trisNTA are displayed on the VLPs to demonstrate the use of these VLPs as easily modifiable nanocarriers as well as a versatile vaccine platform. The VLPs are able to enter and deliver surface-displayed fluorescent dye into HEK293T cells via a surface-attached cell internalization peptide (VSV-G). The ease of manufacturing, the robust structure of these VLPs, and the straightforward conjugation provide a technology, which can be adapted to various applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Koho
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marie Stark
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, Survontie 9, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanni Uusi-Kerttula
- Vaccine Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ralph Wieneke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesna Blazevic
- Vaccine Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Biokatu 10, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, Survontie 9, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markku S Kulomaa
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
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18
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Ly S, Bourguet F, Fischer NO, Lau EY, Coleman MA, Laurence TA. Quantifying interactions of a membrane protein embedded in a lipid nanodisc using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biophys J 2014; 106:L05-8. [PMID: 24461026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we measured a dissociation constant of 20 nM between EGFP-labeled LcrV from Yersinia pestis and its cognate membrane-bound protein YopB inserted into a lipid nanodisc. The combination of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and nanodisc technologies provides a powerful approach to accurately measure binding constants of interactions between membrane bound and soluble proteins in solution. Straightforward sample preparation, acquisition, and analysis procedures make this combined technology attractive for accurately measuring binding kinetics for this important class of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny Ly
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Feliza Bourguet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | | | - Edmond Y Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Matthew A Coleman
- University of California at Davis, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sacramento, California.
| | - Ted A Laurence
- University of California at Davis, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sacramento, California.
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19
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Fischer NO, Weilhammer DR, Dunkle A, Thomas C, Hwang M, Corzett M, Lychak C, Mayer W, Urbin S, Collette N, Chiun Chang J, Loots GG, Rasley A, Blanchette CD. Evaluation of nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) as an in vivo delivery platform. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93342. [PMID: 24675794 PMCID: PMC3968139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles hold great promise for the delivery of therapeutics, yet limitations remain with regards to the use of these nanosystems for efficient long-lasting targeted delivery of therapeutics, including imparting functionality to the platform, in vivo stability, drug entrapment efficiency and toxicity. To begin to address these limitations, we evaluated the functionality, stability, cytotoxicity, toxicity, immunogenicity and in vivo biodistribution of nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), which are mimetics of naturally occurring high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). We found that a wide range of molecules could be reliably conjugated to the NLP, including proteins, single-stranded DNA, and small molecules. The NLP was also found to be relatively stable in complex biological fluids and displayed no cytotoxicity in vitro at doses as high as 320 µg/ml. In addition, we observed that in vivo administration of the NLP daily for 14 consecutive days did not induce significant weight loss or result in lesions on excised organs. Furthermore, the NLPs did not display overt immunogenicity with respect to antibody generation. Finally, the biodistribution of the NLP in vivo was found to be highly dependent on the route of administration, where intranasal administration resulted in prolonged retention in the lung tissue. Although only a select number of NLP compositions were evaluated, the findings of this study suggest that the NLP platform holds promise for use as both a targeted and non-targeted in vivo delivery vehicle for a range of therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Apolipoprotein E4/chemistry
- Apolipoprotein E4/genetics
- Apolipoprotein E4/metabolism
- Biomimetic Materials/chemical synthesis
- Biomimetic Materials/pharmacokinetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism
- Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/chemistry
- Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/metabolism
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Stability
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Lipoproteins, HDL/chemical synthesis
- Lipoproteins, HDL/pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/toxicity
- Particle Size
- Phosphatidylcholines/chemistry
- Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/chemistry
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/genetics
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O. Fischer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Dina R. Weilhammer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Alexis Dunkle
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Thomas
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Mona Hwang
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Michele Corzett
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Cheri Lychak
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Wasima Mayer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Salustra Urbin
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Collette
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
| | - Jiun Chiun Chang
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Amy Rasley
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (CB)
| | - Craig D. Blanchette
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AR); (CB)
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20
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He W, Luo J, Bourguet F, Xing L, Yi SK, Gao T, Blanchette C, Henderson PT, Kuhn E, Malfatti M, Murphy WJ, Cheng RH, Lam KS, Coleman MA. Controlling the diameter, monodispersity, and solubility of ApoA1 nanolipoprotein particles using telodendrimer chemistry. Protein Sci 2013; 22:1078-86. [PMID: 23754445 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) are nanometer-scale discoidal particles that feature a phospholipid bilayer confined within an apolipoprotein "scaffold," which are useful for solubilizing hydrophobic molecules such as drugs and membrane proteins. NLPs are synthesized either by mixing the purified apolipoprotein with phospholipids and other cofactors or by cell-free protein synthesis followed by self-assembly of the nanoparticles in the reaction mixture. Either method can be problematic regarding the production of homogeneous and monodispersed populations of NLPs, which also currently requires multiple synthesis and purification steps. Telodendrimers (TD) are branched polymers made up of a dendritic oligo-lysine core that is conjugated to linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) on one end, and the lysine "branches" are terminated with cholic acid moieties that enable the formation of nanomicelles in aqueous solution. We report herein that the addition of TD during cell-free synthesis of NLPs produces unique hybrid nanoparticles that have drastically reduced polydispersity as compared to NLPs made in the absence of TD. This finding was supported by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and cryo transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-EM). These techniques demonstrate the ability of TDs to modulate both the NLP size (6-30 nm) and polydispersity. The telodendrimer NLPs (TD-NLPs) also showed 80% less aggregation as compared to NLPs alone. Furthermore, the versatility of these novel nanoparticles was shown through direct conjugation of small molecules such as fluorescent dyes directly to the TD as well as the insertion of a functional membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA
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21
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Ly S, Altman R, Petrlova J, Lin Y, Hilt S, Huser T, Laurence TA, Voss JC. Binding of apolipoprotein E inhibits the oligomer growth of amyloid-β peptide in solution as determined by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11628-35. [PMID: 23430745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.411900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease is the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques resulting from the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. The intrinsic disorder of the Aβ peptide drives self-association and progressive reordering of the conformation in solution, and this dynamic distribution of Aβ complicates biophysical studies. This property poses a challenge for understanding the interaction of Aβ with apolipoprotein E (apoE). ApoE plays a pivotal role in the aggregation and clearance of Aβ peptides in the brain, and the ε4 allele of APOE is the most significant known genetic modulator of Alzheimer risk. Understanding the interaction between apoE and Aβ will provide insight into the mechanism by which different apoE isoforms determine Alzheimer disease risk. Here we applied alternating laser excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to observe the single molecule interaction of Aβ with apoE in the hydrated state. The diffusion time of freely diffusing Aβ in the absence of apoE shows significant self-aggregation, whereas in the presence of apoE, binding of the protein results in a more stable complex. These results show that apoE slows down the oligomerization of Aβ in solution and provide direct insight into the process by which apoE influences the deposition and clearance of Aβ peptides in the brain. Furthermore, by developing an approach to remove signals arising from very large Aβ aggregates, we show that real-time single particle observations provide access to information regarding the fraction of apoE bound and the stoichiometry of apoE and Aβ in the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny Ly
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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22
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Gao T, Petrlova J, He W, Huser T, Kudlick W, Voss J, Coleman MA. Characterization of de novo synthesized GPCRs supported in nanolipoprotein discs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44911. [PMID: 23028674 PMCID: PMC3460959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein family known as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprises an important class of membrane-associated proteins, which remains a difficult family of proteins to characterize because their function requires a native-like lipid membrane environment. This paper focuses on applying a single step method leading to the formation of nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) capable of solubilizing functional GPCRs for biophysical characterization. NLPs were used to demonstrate increased solubility for multiple GPCRs such as the Neurokinin 1 Receptor (NK1R), the Adrenergic Receptor â2 (ADRB2) and the Dopamine Receptor D1 (DRD1). All three GPCRs showed affinity for their specific ligands using a simple dot blot assay. The NK1R was characterized in greater detail to demonstrate correct folding of the ligand pocket with nanomolar specificity. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy validated the correct folding of the NK1R binding pocket for Substance P (SP). Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to identify SP-bound NK1R-containing NLPs and measure their dissociation rate in an aqueous environment. The dissociation constant was found to be 83 nM and was consistent with dot blot assays. This study represents a unique combinational approach involving the single step de novo production of a functional GPCR combined with biophysical techniques to demonstrate receptor association with the NLPs and binding affinity to specific ligands. Such a combined approach provides a novel path forward to screen and characterize GPCRs for drug discovery as well as structural studies outside of the complex cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Gao
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Wei He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Huser
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Wieslaw Kudlick
- Life Technologies, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - John Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JV); (MAC)
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JV); (MAC)
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Ly S, Petrlova J, Huser T, Fore S, Gao T, Voss J, Laurence TA. Stoichiometry of reconstituted high-density lipoproteins in the hydrated state determined by photon antibunching. Biophys J 2011; 101:970-5. [PMID: 21843489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I plays a central role in the solution structure of high-density lipoproteins. Determining the stoichiometry of lipid-bound apo A-I in the hydrated state is therefore fundamental to understanding how high-density lipoproteins form and function. Here, we use the quantum optical phenomenon of photon antibunching to determine the number of apo A-I molecules bound to discoidal lipoproteins and compare this with values obtained by photon-counting histogram analysis. Both the photon antibunching and photon-counting analyses show that reconstituted high-density lipoprotein particles contain two apo A-I molecules, which is in agreement with the commonly accepted double-belt model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny Ly
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
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