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Andryianau G, Kowalski M, Piotrowicz MC, Rajkiewicz AA, Dymek B, Sklepkiewicz PL, Pluta E, Stefaniak F, Czestkowski W, Olejniczak S, Mazur M, Niedziejko P, Koralewski R, Matyszewski K, Gruza M, Zagozdzon A, Salamon M, Rymaszewska A, Welzer M, Dzwonek K, Golab J, Olczak J, Bartoszewicz A, Golebiowski A. Benzoxazepine-Derived Selective, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Human Acidic Mammalian Chitinase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1228-1235. [PMID: 32551005 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human acidic mammalian chitinase (hAMCase) is one of two true chitinases in humans, the function of which remains elusive. In addition to the defense against highly antigenic chitin and chitin-containing pathogens in the gastric and intestinal contents, AMCase has been implicated in asthma, allergic inflammation, and ocular pathologies. Potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors of this enzyme have not been identified to date. Here we describe structural modifications of compound OAT-177, a previously developed inhibitor of mouse AMCase, leading to OAT-1441, which displays high activity and selectivity toward hAMCase. Significantly reduced off-target activity toward the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) and a good pharmacokinetic profile make OAT-1441 a potential candidate for further preclinical development as well as a useful tool compound to study the physiological role of hAMCase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Andryianau
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kowalski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam A. Rajkiewicz
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Dymek
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Elzbieta Pluta
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Stefaniak
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Olejniczak
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Mazur
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Niedziejko
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Koralewski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Gruza
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Salamon
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mikolaj Welzer
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Dzwonek
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Olczak
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Golebiowski
- OncoArendi Therapeutics S.A., Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Madland E, Crasson O, Vandevenne M, Sørlie M, Aachmann FL. NMR and Fluorescence Spectroscopies Reveal the Preorganized Binding Site in Family 14 Carbohydrate-Binding Module from Human Chitotriosidase. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21975-21984. [PMID: 31891077 PMCID: PMC6933781 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) play important roles in targeting and increasing the concentration of carbohydrate active enzymes on their substrates. Using NMR to get the solution structure of CBM14, we can gain insight into secondary structure elements and intramolecular interactions with our assigned nuclear overhauser effect peaks. This reveals that two conserved aromatic residues (Phe437 and Phe456) make up the hydrophobic core of the CBM. These residues are also responsible for connecting the two β-sheets together, by being part of β2 and β4, respectively, and together with disulfide bridges, they create CBM14's characteristic "hevein-like" fold. Most CBMs rely on aromatic residues for substrate binding; however, CBM14 contains just a single tryptophan (Trp465) that together with Asn466 enables substrate binding. Interestingly, an alanine mutation of a single residue (Leu454) located behind Trp465 renders the CBM incapable of binding. Fluorescence spectroscopy performed on this mutant reveals a significant blue shift, as well as a minor blue shift for its neighbor Val455. The reduction in steric hindrance causes the tryptophan to be buried into the hydrophobic core of the structure and therefore suggests a preorganized binding site for this CBM. Our results show that both Trp465 and Asn466 are affected when CBM14 interacts with both (GlcNAc)3 and β-chitin, that the binding interactions are weak, and that CBM14 displays a slightly higher affinity toward β-chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Madland
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory
(NOBIPOL), NTNU Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Oscar Crasson
- InBioS—Center
for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Maryléne Vandevenne
- InBioS—Center
for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Morten Sørlie
- Department
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1430, Norway
| | - Finn L. Aachmann
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory
(NOBIPOL), NTNU Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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Latańska I, Kozera-Żywczyk A, Paluchowska EB, Owczarek W, Kaszuba A, Noweta M, Tazbir J, Kolesińska B, Draczyński Z, Sujka W. Characteristic Features of Wound Dressings Based on Butyric-Acetic Chitin Copolyesters-Results of Clinical Trials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4170. [PMID: 31842270 PMCID: PMC6947344 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the results of clinical trials of wound dressings whose main ingredient is butyric-acetic chitin copolyester (BAC 90:10). It is a chitin derivative soluble in typical organic solvents. During the trial, the dressings were used on wounds resulting from venous insufficiency or diabetes. The trial evaluated the safety of use and efficacy of three forms of the dressing including porous membrane (Medisorb R Membrane), porous membrane with silver (Medisorb R Ag), and powder (Medisorb R Powder). The clinical trial had a multi-centre character. Three medical units were engaged in the study. The trial included 36 patients (12 men and 24 women). The mean age of the participants was 65 years of age (age range: 26-96). The choice of dressings was made on the basis of preliminary evaluation of the wound, clinical signs of infection, or risk of infection. Medisorb R Membrane dressing was used in 23 patients, Medisorb R Ag dressing was used in 15 patients, and Medisorb R powder was used in two patients. During the course of the trial, there were 10 control visits planned. The obtained results prove the safety and efficacy of dressings in question. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated as good. In the majority of patients, the ulceration was decreased both on the surface and in depth. The success of the treatment relied not only on the applied dressing, but also the stage of the basic disease, the accompanying diseases, and the age of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Latańska
- Tricomed SA, Świętojańska Street 5/9, 93-493 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Kozera-Żywczyk
- Military Institute of Medicine, Ministry of National Defense Central Clinical Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.-Ż.); (E.B.P.); (W.O.)
| | - Elwira Beata Paluchowska
- Military Institute of Medicine, Ministry of National Defense Central Clinical Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.-Ż.); (E.B.P.); (W.O.)
| | - Witold Owczarek
- Military Institute of Medicine, Ministry of National Defense Central Clinical Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.-Ż.); (E.B.P.); (W.O.)
| | - Andrzej Kaszuba
- Wł. Biegański Provincial Specialised Hospital, Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Oncologic Dermatology Ward, Dermatology, UM Paediatric Dermatology and Oncologic Dermatology Clinic, Kniaziewicza Street 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Marcin Noweta
- Wł. Biegański Provincial Specialised Hospital, Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Oncologic Dermatology Ward, Dermatology, UM Paediatric Dermatology and Oncologic Dermatology Clinic, Kniaziewicza Street 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Józef Tazbir
- Citonet Lodz Limited Company, Wound Treatment Clinic., Świętojańska Street 5/9, 93-493 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Kolesińska
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Draczyński
- Institute of Material Science of Textiles and Polymer Composites, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Witold Sujka
- Tricomed SA, Świętojańska Street 5/9, 93-493 Lodz, Poland;
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Walsh CJ, Cocilova C, Restivo J, Flewelling L, Milton S. Immune function in Trachemys scripta following exposure to a predominant brevetoxin congener, PbTx-3, as a model for potential health impacts for sea turtles naturally exposed to brevetoxins. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:1085-1104. [PMID: 31559558 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many species of marine life in southwestern Florida, including sea turtles, are impacted by blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. Sublethal exposure to toxins produced by K. brevis has been shown to impact sea turtle health. Since all sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico have protected status, a freshwater turtle, Trachemys scripta, was used as a model for immune system effects following experimental exposure to a predominant brevetoxin congener in K. brevis blooms, PbTx-3. Exposure to PbTx-3 was oral or intratracheal and health effects were assessed using a suite of immune function parameters: innate immune function (phagocytosis, plasma lysozyme activity), adaptive immune function (lymphocyte proliferation), and measures of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in plasma). Inflammation was also measured using plasma protein electrophoresis. In addition, differential expression of genes in peripheral blood leukocytes was determined using suppression subtractive hybridization followed by real-time PCR of specific genes. The primary immune effects of sublethal brevetoxin exposure in T. scripta following PbTx-3 administration, appear to be an increase in oxidative stress, a decrease in lysozyme activity, and modulation of immune function through lymphocyte proliferation responses. Plasma protein electrophoresis showed a decreased A:G ratio which may indicate potential inflammation. Genes coding for oxidative stress, such as thioredoxin and GST, were upregulated in exposed animals. That sublethal brevetoxin exposures impact immune function components suggests potential health implications for sea turtles naturally exposed to toxins. Knowledge of physiological stressors induced by brevetoxins may contribute to the ultimate goal of developing directed treatment strategies in exposed animals for reduced mortality resulting from red tide toxin exposure in sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Walsh
- Marine Immunology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA.
| | - Courtney Cocilova
- Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Jessica Restivo
- Marine Immunology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Leanne Flewelling
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Sarah Milton
- Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
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Hernández-Castellano LE, Moreno-Indias I, Sánchez-Macías D, Morales-delaNuez A, Torres A, Argüello A, Castro N. Sheep and goats raised in mixed flocks have diverse immune status around parturition. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8478-8485. [PMID: 31255264 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several physiological and metabolic changes take place in dairy ruminants around parturition (late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation). Dairy species are genetically selected for their higher milk production compared with non-dairy species. This fact causes a constant stress that impairs the immune status of the animal, with consequences for its welfare and performance. In the present study, we assessed the immune status of high-yield dairy sheep and goats by quantifying IgG and IgM concentrations, as well as chitotriosidase (ChT) and complement system [total complement system (TC) and alternative complement pathway (AC)] activity in blood plasma around parturition. We also measured IgG and IgM concentrations and ChT activity in colostrum and milk during the first 40 d postpartum. The lowest blood IgG concentration was at parturition in both species. We detected no differences in blood IgG concentrations between species. Blood IgM concentrations were constant in both species throughout the study period. However, blood IgM concentrations were greater in sheep than in goats. Blood ChT activity was greater in goats than in sheep, and both species showed constant activity of this enzyme throughout the study period. We observed no differences in complement system (TC and AC) activity between sheep and goats. In addition, both TC and AC activity were constant in both species throughout the experiment. In general, IgG and IgM concentrations were greater in sheep colostrum than in goat colostrum, but these differences disappeared after d 4 (IgG) and d 3 (IgM) postpartum. In both species, the highest IgG and IgM concentrations were measured in colostrum, gradually decreasing during the first days postpartum. Chitotriosidase activity decreased in both species from colostrum to milk, although goats always showed greater ChT activity than sheep. Both sheep and goats seemed to be more susceptible to infectious diseases around parturition. As well, goats showed greater ChT activity in blood, colostrum, and milk than sheep. This fact may give these animals additional protection against parasite and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Davinia Sánchez-Macías
- Animal Production and Industrialization Unit, Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, 060150 Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Morales-delaNuez
- Agrobiotechnology Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA, CSIC Spanish Research Council, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexandr Torres
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Anastasio Argüello
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Noemí Castro
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Human Chitotriosidase: Catalytic Domain or Carbohydrate Binding Module, Who's Leading HCHT's Biological Function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2768. [PMID: 28584264 PMCID: PMC5459812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is an important structural component of numerous fungal pathogens and parasitic nematodes. The human macrophage chitotriosidase (HCHT) is a chitinase that hydrolyses glycosidic bonds between the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units of this biopolymer. HCHT belongs to the Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) superfamily and contains a well-characterized catalytic domain appended to a chitin-binding domain (ChBDCHIT1). Although its precise biological function remains unclear, HCHT has been described to be involved in innate immunity. In this study, the molecular basis for interaction with insoluble chitin as well as with soluble chito-oligosaccharides has been determined. The results suggest a new mechanism as a common binding mode for many Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs). Furthermore, using a phylogenetic approach, we have analysed the modularity of HCHT and investigated the evolutionary paths of its catalytic and chitin binding domains. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that the ChBDCHIT1 domain dictates the biological function of HCHT and not its appended catalytic domain. This observation may also be a general feature of GHs. Altogether, our data have led us to postulate and discuss that HCHT acts as an immune catalyser.
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Ramalapa B, Crasson O, Vandevenne M, Gibaud A, Garcion E, Cordonnier T, Galleni M, Boury F. Protein–polysaccharide complexes for enhanced protein delivery in hyaluronic acid templated calcium carbonate microparticles. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7360-7368. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric proteins facilitate protein–polysaccharide interactions for enhanced delivery and controlled release of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathabile Ramalapa
- GLIAD – Design and application of innovative local treatments in glioblastoma
- Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS – CHU; CRCINA
- INSERM, Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- 49933 Angers
| | - Oscar Crasson
- Laboratory for Biological Macromolecules
- Center for Protein Engineering
- Institut de Chimie B6
- University of Liège
- Liège 4000
| | - Marylène Vandevenne
- Laboratory for Biological Macromolecules
- Center for Protein Engineering
- Institut de Chimie B6
- University of Liège
- Liège 4000
| | - Alain Gibaud
- CNRS UMR 6283-Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans
- 72085 LE MANS Cedex 09
- France
| | - Emmanuel Garcion
- GLIAD – Design and application of innovative local treatments in glioblastoma
- Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS – CHU; CRCINA
- INSERM, Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- 49933 Angers
| | - Thomas Cordonnier
- GLIAD – Design and application of innovative local treatments in glioblastoma
- Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS – CHU; CRCINA
- INSERM, Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- 49933 Angers
| | - Moreno Galleni
- Laboratory for Biological Macromolecules
- Center for Protein Engineering
- Institut de Chimie B6
- University of Liège
- Liège 4000
| | - Frank Boury
- GLIAD – Design and application of innovative local treatments in glioblastoma
- Institut de Biologie en Santé – IRIS – CHU; CRCINA
- INSERM, Université de Nantes
- Université d'Angers
- 49933 Angers
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Kimura M, Wakita S, Ishikawa K, Sekine K, Yoshikawa S, Sato A, Okawa K, Kashimura A, Sakaguchi M, Sugahara Y, Yamanaka D, Ohno N, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Functional Properties of Mouse Chitotriosidase Expressed in the Periplasmic Space of Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164367. [PMID: 27716783 PMCID: PMC5055312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitotriosidase (Chit1) is an enzyme associated with various diseases, including Gaucher disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer disease and cystic fibrosis. In this study, we first expressed mouse mature Chit1 fused with V5 and (His)6 tags at the C-terminus (Chit1-V5-His) in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and found that most of the expressed protein was insoluble. In contrast, Chit1 tagged with Protein A at the N-terminus and V5-His at the C-terminus, was expressed in the periplasmic space of E. coli as a soluble protein and successfully purified. We evaluated the chitinolytic properties of the recombinant enzyme using 4-nitrophenyl N,N’-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside [4NP-chitobioside, 4NP-(GlcNAc)2] and found that its activity was comparable to CHO cells-expressed Chit1-V5-His. Optimal conditions for the E. coli-produced Chit1 were pH ~5.0 at 50°C. Chit1 was stable after 1 h incubation at pH 5.0~11.0 on ice and its chitinolytic activity was lost at pH 2.0, although the affinity to chitin remained unchanged. Chit1 efficiently cleaved crystalline and colloidal chitin substrates as well as oligomers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) releasing primarily (GlcNAc)2 fragments at pH 5.0. On the other hand, (GlcNAc)3 was relatively resistant to digestion by Chit1. The degradation of 4NP-(GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)3 was less evident at pH 7.0~8.0, while (GlcNAc)2 production from colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)6 at these pH conditions remained strong at the neutral conditions. Our results indicate that Chit1 degrades chitin substrates under physiological conditions and suggest its important pathophysiological roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Kotarou Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sekine
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Okawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, United States of America
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
- * E-mail:
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9
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Fadel F, Zhao Y, Cousido-Siah A, Ruiz FX, Mitschler A, Podjarny A. X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Full Length Human Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) Reveals Features of Its Chitin Binding Domain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154190. [PMID: 27111557 PMCID: PMC4844120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin. Human chitotriosidase (CHIT1) is one of the two active human chitinases, involved in the innate immune response and highly expressed in a variety of diseases. CHIT1 is composed of a catalytic domain linked by a hinge to its chitin binding domain (ChBD). This latter domain belongs to the carbohydrate-binding module family 14 (CBM14 family) and facilitates binding to chitin. So far, the available crystal structures of the human chitinase CHIT1 and the Acidic Mammalian Chitinase (AMCase) comprise only their catalytic domain. Here, we report a crystallization strategy combining cross-seeding and micro-seeding cycles which allowed us to obtain the first crystal structure of the full length CHIT1 (CHIT1-FL) at 1.95 Å resolution. The CHIT1 chitin binding domain (ChBDCHIT1) structure shows a distorted β-sandwich 3D fold, typical of CBM14 family members. Accordingly, ChBDCHIT1 presents six conserved cysteine residues forming three disulfide bridges and several exposed aromatic residues that probably are involved in chitin binding, including the highly conserved Trp465 in a surface- exposed conformation. Furthermore, ChBDCHIT1 presents a positively charged surface which may be involved in electrostatic interactions. Our data highlight the strong structural conservation of CBM14 family members and uncover the structural similarity between the human ChBDCHIT1, tachycitin and house mite dust allergens. Overall, our new CHIT1-FL structure, determined with an adapted crystallization approach, is one of the few complete bi-modular chitinase structures available and reveals the structural features of a human CBM14 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Fadel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail: (FF); (AP)
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Francesc X. Ruiz
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - André Mitschler
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alberto Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail: (FF); (AP)
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10
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Hector A, Chotirmall SH, Lavelle GM, Mirković B, Horan D, Eichler L, Mezger M, Singh A, Ralhan A, Berenbrinker S, Mack I, Ensenauer R, Riethmüller J, Graepler-Mainka U, Murray MA, Griese M, McElvaney NG, Hartl D. Chitinase activation in patients with fungus-associated cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1183-1189.e4. [PMID: 27056270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinases have recently gained attention in the field of pulmonary diseases, particularly in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but their potential role in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated lung disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess chitinase activity systemically and in the airways of patients with CF and asthma compared with healthy subjects. Additionally, we assessed factors that regulate chitinase activity within the lungs of patients with CF. METHODS Chitinase activities were quantified in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with CF, asthmatic patients, and healthy control subjects. Mechanistically, the role of CF airway proteases and genetic chitinase deficiency was assessed. RESULTS Chitinase activity was systemically increased in patients with CF compared with that in healthy control subjects and asthmatic patients. Further stratification showed that chitinase activity was enhanced in patients with CF colonized with Candida albicans compared with that in noncolonized patients. CF proteases degraded chitinases in the airway microenvironment of patients with CF. Genetic chitinase deficiency was associated with C albicans colonization in patients with CF. CONCLUSION Patients with CF have enhanced chitinase activation associated with C albicans colonization. Therefore chitinases might represent a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for CF-associated fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hector
- CF Center, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Gillian M Lavelle
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bojana Mirković
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Horan
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Eichler
- CF Center, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- CF Center, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anurag Singh
- CF Center, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anjai Ralhan
- CF Center, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sina Berenbrinker
- CF Center, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ines Mack
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Experimental Pediatrics, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, and the Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Michelle A Murray
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung, Munich, Germany
| | - N Gerry McElvaney
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominik Hartl
- CF Center, Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Chitotriosidase Enzyme. Enzyme Res 2016; 2016:2682680. [PMID: 26881065 PMCID: PMC4735922 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2682680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitotriosidase enzyme (EC: 3.2.1.14) is the major active chitinase in the human body. It is produced mainly by activated macrophages, in which its expression is regulated by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Chitotriosidase was confirmed as essential element in the innate immunity against chitin containing organisms such as fungi and protozoa; however, its immunomodulatory effects extend far beyond innate immunity. In the current review, we will try to explore the expanding spectrum of immunological roles played by chitotriosidase enzyme in human health and disease and will discuss its up-to-date clinical value.
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12
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Żurawska-Płaksej E, Kratz EM, Ferens-Sieczkowska M, Knapik-Kordecka M, Piwowar A. Changes in glycosylation of human blood plasma chitotriosidase in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glycoconj J 2015; 33:29-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Manno N, Sherratt S, Boaretto F, Coico FM, Camus CE, Campos CJ, Musumeci S, Battisti A, Quinnell RJ, León JM, Vazza G, Mostacciuolo ML, Paoletti MG, Falcone FH. High prevalence of chitotriosidase deficiency in Peruvian Amerindians exposed to chitin-bearing food and enteroparasites. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:607-14. [PMID: 25256524 PMCID: PMC4194353 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic deficiency of chitotriosidase has a very high frequency in Amerindians highly exposed to chitin from enteroparasites and diet. Mutation frequencies are similar to those found in East Asian populations, and is probably conserved for a founder effect. Such condition precludes the use of CHIT1 as a disease biomarker in South American populations with strong ethnic ancestry.
The human genome encodes a gene for an enzymatically active chitinase (CHIT1) located in a single copy on Chromosome 1, which is highly expressed by activated macrophages and in other cells of the innate immune response. Several dysfunctional mutations are known in CHIT1, including a 24-bp duplication in Exon 10 causing catalytic deficiency. This duplication is a common variant conserved in many human populations, except in West and South Africans. Thus it has been proposed that human migration out of Africa and the consequent reduction of exposure to chitin from environmental factors may have enabled the conservation of dysfunctional mutations in human chitinases. Our data obtained from 85 indigenous Amerindians from Peru, representative of populations characterized by high prevalence of chitin-bearing enteroparasites and intense entomophagy, reveal a very high frequency of the 24-bp duplication (47.06%), and of other single nucleotide polymorphisms which are known to partially affect enzymatic activity (G102S: 42.7% and A442G/V: 25.5%). Our finding is in line with a founder effect, but appears to confute our previous hypothesis of a protective role against parasite infection and sustains the discussion on the redundancy of chitinolytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manno
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy; Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
| | - S Sherratt
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - F Boaretto
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Mejìa Coico
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
| | - C Espinoza Camus
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
| | - C Jara Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
| | - S Musumeci
- Dpt. of Chemical Sciences, Università di Catania and Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Catania, Italy
| | - A Battisti
- Department DAFNAE, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - R J Quinnell
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J Mostacero León
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
| | - G Vazza
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M L Mostacciuolo
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M G Paoletti
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - F H Falcone
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Coskun O, Ozturk M, Erdem H, Gumral R, Yaman H, Karakas A, Kilic S, Eyigun CP. Can chitotriosidase be a surrogate marker for invasive fungal disease? J Mycol Med 2013; 22:256-60. [PMID: 23518084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitotriosidase (CHT) enzyme has been known to be secreted from the activated macrophages. We infer with these data that CHT activity is an indicator for the defence. METHODS In this study, we evaluated CHT levels in both neutropenic and non neutropenic patients. CHT enzyme activity was measured and compared to each other groups. RESULTS Chitotriosidase levels were found to be significantly higher in neutropenic patients with candidemia. CONCLUSION In the comparison between neutropenic and non neutropenic patients, there was a significant difference for CHT levels. The use of this enzyme as a surrogate marker for candidemias were evaluated in neutropenic and non neutropenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Coskun
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy Training Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Tümer L, Kasapkara ÇS, Biberoğlu G, Ezgü F, Hasanoğlu A. Could GSD type I expand the spectrum of disorders with elevated plasma chitotriosidase activity? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013; 26:1149-52. [PMID: 23813353 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is characterized by accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver and kidneys, resulting in hepatomegaly and renomegaly. Human chitotriosidase is a recently described fully active chitinase expressed by activated macrophages. Marked elevation of chitotriosidase activity was initially observed in plasma of patients with Gaucher disease. Subsequently, elevation was also observed in various lysosomal storage disorders such as fucosidosis, galactosialidosis and glycogen storage disease type IV. The aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma chitotriosidase activity in 19 children with glycogen storage disease type I. Plasma chitotriosidase levels were found to be significantly higher in children with GSD type I than healthy age-matched controls (21.3 ± 16.4 vs. 12.3 ± 8.9 nmol/h/mL, p=0.04). All the patients reported here presented with hepatomegaly. Our report expands the spectrum of disorders that should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with increased plasma chitotriosidase activity, irrespective of the mechanisms involved.
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16
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Kanneganti M, Kamba A, Mizoguchi E. Role of chitotriosidase (chitinase 1) under normal and disease conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:1-9. [PMID: 23439988 DOI: 10.2174/1875044301205010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian chitinases belong to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family based on structural homology and the family includes a large number of bacterial and eukaryotic chitinases. Among the mammalian chitinases, chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) are capable of hydrolyzing the β-(1, 4)-linkage between the adjacent N-acetyl glucosamine residues of chitin. CHIT1 is one of the most abundantly secreted proteins, being mainly produced by activated macrophages and epithelial cells. CHIT1 plays a pivotal role in the context of infectious disease including malaria and fungi infections as a host defense towards chitin in pathogen's cell structure and as a diagnostic marker of disease. In contrast, CHI1 released by activated Kupffer cells in liver could induce hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Increased serum levels of CHIT1 were observed in patients with many disorders, including Gaucher's disease, bronchial asthma, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, CHIT1 seems to have dual (regulatory and pathogenic) roles depending on the disease and producing cell types during the inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Kanneganti
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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