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Svandova E, Vesela B, Kratochvilova A, Holomkova K, Oralova V, Dadakova K, Burger T, Sharpe P, Lesot H, Matalova E. Markers of dental pulp stem cells in in vivo developmental context. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152149. [PMID: 37574172 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Teeth and their associated tissues contain several populations of mesenchymal stem cells, one of which is represented by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). These cells have mainly been characterised in vitro and numerous positive and negati ve markers for these cells have been suggested. To investigate the presence and localization of these molecules during development, forming dental pulp was examined using the mouse first mandibular molar as a model. The stages corresponding to postnatal (P) days 0, 7, 14, and 21 were investigated. The expression was monitored using customised PCR Arrays. Additionally, in situ localization of the key trio of markers (Cd73, Cd90, Cd105 coded by genes Nt5e, Thy1, Eng) was performed at prenatal and postnatal stages using immunohistochemistry. The expression panel of 24 genes assigned as in vitro markers of DPSCs or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revealed their developmental dynamics during formation of dental pulp mesenchyme. Among the positive markers, Vcam1, Fgf2, Nes were identified as increasing and Cd44, Cd59b, Mcam, Alcam as decreasing between perinatal vs. postnatal stages towards adulthood. Within the panel of negative DPSC markers, Cd14, Itgb2, Ptprc displayed increased and Cd24a decreased levels at later stages of pulp formation. Within the key trio of markers, Nt5e did not show any significant expression difference within the investigated period. Thy1 displayed a strong decrease between P0 and P7 while Eng increased between these stages. In situ localization of Cd73, Cd90 and Cd105 showed them overlap in differentiated odontoblasts and in the sub-odontoblastic layer that is speculated to host odontoblast progenitors. The highly prevalent expression of particularly Cd73 and Cd90 opens the question of potential multiple functions of these molecules. The results from this study add to the in vitro based knowledge by showing dynamics in the expression of DPSC/MSC markers during dental pulp formation in an in vivo context and thus with respect to the natural environment important for commitment of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Veronika Oralova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tom Burger
- Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Herve Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic; Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Eismann L, von Walter P, Jung A, Chaloupka M, Rodler S, Westhofen T, Buchner A, Stief CG, Stadler T, Schlenker B. Methylation status of various gene loci in localized prostate cancer: Novel biomarkers for diagnostics and biochemical recurrence. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:325.e1-325.e8. [PMID: 37179150 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncologic outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) can vary widely. Hypermethylation of tumor-associated genes has potential as a novel diagnostic tool and predictive biomarker in PCa. We investigated the methylation status of tumor-associated genes in patients who underwent RP. METHODS Patients who underwent RP during 2004 to 2008 were matched retrospectively based on post-operative D'Amico risk stratification. Quantitative pyrosequencing was used to analyze methylation status of 10 gene loci in cancerous and adjacent benign tissue from histological specimen. Follow-up was performed according to EAU guideline recommendations. Statistical analyses were performed to correlate methylation levels in cancerous and benign tissue with risk profiles and biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS The cohort included 71 patients: 22 low-risk, 22 intermediate-risk, and 27 high-risk. Mean follow-up time was 74 months. Methylation status differed significantly between cancerous and adjacent benign tissue for the 5 gene loci GSTP1, APC, RASSF1, TNFRFS10c, and RUNX3 (each P < 0.001). Also, the methylation level was significantly higher in high-risk than in low-risk patients for Endoglin2 and APC (P = 0.026; P = 0.032). Using ROC analysis, hypermethylation of APC in PCa tissue was associated with higher risk of BCR (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Methylation status of various gene loci holds diagnostic and predictive potential in PCa. Hypermethylation of APC, RASSF1, TNFRFS10c and RUNX3 were identified as novel PCa-specific biomarkers. Furthermore, increased methylation levels of APC and Endoglin2 were associated with high-risk PCa. Additionally, hypermethylation of APC was associated with increased risk of BCR after RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Eismann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Philipp von Walter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Chaloupka
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Severin Rodler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Thilo Westhofen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Stadler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Boris Schlenker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Angiogenesis plays a key role in bladder cancer (BC) pathogenesis. In the last two decades, an increasing number of publications depicting a multitude of novel angiogenic molecules and pathways have emerged. The growing complexity necessitates an evaluation of the breadth of current knowledge to highlight key findings and guide future research. RECENT FINDINGS Angiogenesis is a dynamic biologic process that is inherently difficult to assess. Clinical assessment of angiogenesis in BCs is advancing with the integration of image analysis systems and dynamic contrast-enhanced and magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly influence the angiogenic process, and further research is needed to assess their potential as therapeutic targets. A rapidly growing list of non-coding RNAs affect angiogenesis in BCs, partly through modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity. Vascular mimicry (VM) has been repeatedly associated with increased tumour aggressiveness in BCs. Standardised assays are needed for appropriate identification and quantification of VM channels. This article demonstrates the dynamic and complex nature of the angiogenic process and asserts the need for further studies to deepen our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Elayat
- Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ivan Punev
- Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Abdel Selim
- Histopathology Department, King’s Health Partners, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
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Grignaschi S, Sbalchiero A, Spinozzi G, Palermo BL, Cantarini C, Nardiello C, Cavagna L, Olivieri C. Endoglin and Systemic Sclerosis: A PRISMA-driven systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:964526. [PMID: 36059817 PMCID: PMC9434008 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.964526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is still poorly understood. The Transforming Growth Factor β superfamily is considered pivotal and a crucial role has been suggested for the type III receptor, Endoglin (ENG). The aim of this systematic review is to investigate and combine the current clinical and molecular available data, to suggest novel hints for further studies. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines; the search was performed on three databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase) in date November 2nd, 2021. Subsequent to the exclusion of duplicates, we applied as inclusion criteria: 1. focus on the relationship between ENG and SSc; 2. English language. As exclusion criteria: 1. ENG exclusively as a cellular biomarker; 2. no focus on ENG-SSc relationship; 3. review articles and 4. abstracts that did not add novel data. Eligibility was assessed independently by each author to reduce biases. We divided records into clinical and molecular works and subgrouped them by their study features and aim. Results We selected 25 original papers and 10 conference abstracts. Molecular studies included 6 articles and 4 abstracts, whereas clinical studies included 17 articles and 6 abstracts; 2 articles presented both characteristics. Molecular studies were focussed on ENG expression in different cell types, showing an altered ENG expression in SSc-affected cells. Clinical studies mainly suggested that different disease phenotypes can be related to peculiar disregulations in soluble ENG concentrations. Discussion Concerning the possible limits of our search, boolean operators in our strings might have been uneffective. However, the use of different strings in different databases should have reduced this issue at a minimum. Another bias can be represented by the selection step, in which we excluded many articles based on the role of Endoglin as a histological vascular marker rather than a signaling receptor. We tried to reduce this risk by performing the selection independently by each author and discussing disagreements. Our systematic review pointed out that ENG has a pivotal role in activating different TGFβ-stimulated pathways that can be crucial in SSc pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grignaschi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Sbalchiero
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spinozzi
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bianca Lucia Palermo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantarini
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chantal Nardiello
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Rheumatology Division, Fondazione Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Olivieri
- General Biology and Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Huang L, Gong W, Huang G, Li J, Wu J, Wang Y, Dong Y. The additive effects of photobiomodulation and bioactive glasses on enhancing early angiogenesis. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35477157 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac6b07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Early angiogenesis is important to facilitate biomaterials' osteogenic effects and avoid the bone regeneration failure for large-sized bone defects. Bioactive glasses (BG) have been widely utilized as a biomaterial for bone repair. However, the early angiogenesis of BG may be inadequate. In this study, we explored the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with BG on early angiogenesis to solve this bottleneck problem of insufficient early angiogenesis. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with BG extracts and treated with PBM using 1 J/cm2. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) and tubule formation assay were utilized to detect HUVECs' proliferation, vascular growth factor genes expression and tubules formation. In vivo, bone defects at the femoral metaphysis in Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with BG particulates and PBM at 120 J/cm2. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to observe the vascular-like structure formation. In vitro results showed that PBM combined with BG significantly promoted HUVECs' proliferation, genes expression and mature tubules formation. On days 2, 4 and 7, the VEGF gene expression in BG+PBM group was 2.70-, 2.59- and 3.05-fold higher than control (P<0.05), and higher than PBM and BG groups (P<0.05). On days 4 and 7, the bFGF gene expression in BG+PBM group was 2.42- and 1.82-fold higher than control (P<0.05), and also higher than PBM and BG groups (P<0.05). Tube formation assay showed that mature tubules formed in BG+PBM and PBM groups after 4 hours. The tubules number in BG+PBM group was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). In vivo results further confirmed that PBM induced early angiogenesis. More vascular-like structures were observed in BG+PBM and PBM groups 2-week post surgery. In conclusion, with the optimum PBM fluence and BG concentration, PBM combined with BG exerted additive effects on enhancing early angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Huang
- Peking University School of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Weiyu Gong
- Peking University School of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Guibin Huang
- Peking University School of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Jingyi Li
- Peking University School of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Jilin Wu
- Peking University School of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Peking University School of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Peking University School of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
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Jadhao M, Chen CL, Liu W, Deshmukh D, Liao WT, Chen JYF, Urade R, Tsai EM, Hsu SK, Wang LF, Chiu CC. Endoglin Modulates TGFβR2 Induced VEGF and Proinflammatory Cytokine Axis Mediated Angiogenesis in Prolonged DEHP-Exposed Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020417. [PMID: 35203627 PMCID: PMC8962291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of vascular network development and plays a crucial role in cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. Phthalates are a class of environmental pollutants that have detrimental effects on human health and are reported to increase cancer risk. However, the interplay between phthalate exposure and angiogenesis has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, we investigated the effect of prolonged di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) treatment on the angiogenic potential of triple-negative breast cancer. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to physiological concentrations of DEHP for more than three months. Prolonged DEHP exposure induced angiogenesis in breast cancer cells. Endoglin (ENG)/CD105 is a membrane glycoprotein and an auxiliary receptor of the TGFβ receptor complex. In endothelial cells, ENG is highly expressed and it is a prerequisite for developmental angiogenesis. A literature review highlights endoglin as a well-known mesenchymal stem cell marker responsible for vascular development and angiogenesis. NGS analysis showed that endoglin overexpression in DEHP-exposed MDA-MB-231 cells correlated with tumor development and growth. An in vivo zebrafish xenograft assay showed that VEGFA induced sprouting of the subintestinal vein (SIV) in embryos injected with DEHP-exposed cells. Endoglin knockdown reduced SIV sprouting and VEGFA expression in zebrafish embryos. An in vitro HUVEC tube formation assay showed that endoglin depletion reversed DEHP-induced VEGF-mediated HUVEC tube formation in coculture. DEHP-induced endoglin activated TGFβ/SMAD3/VEGF and MAPK/p38 signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. A cytokine angiogenesis antibody array showed induced expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL1α, IL1β, IL6, and IL8, along with GMCSF and VEGF. Endoglin knockdown reversed DEHP-induced activation of the TGFβ/SMAD3/VEGF signaling axis, MAPK/p38 signaling, and cytokine regulation, limiting angiogenesis potential both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting endoglin might serve as a potential alternative treatment to control angiogenesis, leading to metastasis and limiting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Jadhao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.J.); (D.D.)
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (R.U.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.L.); (W.-T.L.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (S.-K.H.)
| | - Dhanashri Deshmukh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.J.); (D.D.)
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.L.); (W.-T.L.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (S.-K.H.)
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.L.); (W.-T.L.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (S.-K.H.)
| | - Ritesh Urade
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (R.U.)
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.L.); (W.-T.L.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (S.-K.H.)
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (M.J.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.-F.W.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-67-312-1101 (ext. 2217) (L.-F.W.); +886-67-312-1101 (ext. 2368) (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-67-312-5339 (L.-F.W.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (R.U.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.L.); (W.-T.L.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (S.-K.H.)
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-F.W.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-67-312-1101 (ext. 2217) (L.-F.W.); +886-67-312-1101 (ext. 2368) (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-67-312-5339 (L.-F.W.)
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7
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Greiner SM, Märklin M, Holzmayer S, Kaban K, Meyer S, Hinterleitner C, Tandler C, Hagelstein I, Jung G, Salih HR, Heitmann JS, Kauer J. Identification of CD105 (endoglin) as novel risk marker in CLL. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:773-780. [PMID: 35044512 PMCID: PMC8913466 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic and clinical markers are established as prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, additional markers are needed for risk stratification. Flow cytometric analysis is a mainstay of CLL diagnostics, thus identification of novel prognostic surface markers can improve risk assessment without increasing burden for patients and physicians. Furthermore, surface molecules preferentially expressed in high-risk cases could serve as therapeutic targets for immunotherapy. CD105 (endoglin) is a TGF-beta coreceptor and activates endothelial cells in healthy tissues and cancer. In addition, it is expressed on healthy hematopoietic precursors as well as lymphoid and myeloid leukemias. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a CD105 antibody is successfully applied in clinical studies. In CLL, mRNA expression of the CD105 gene ENG reportedly correlates with other risk factors but failed to show significant correlation with overall survival. However, CD105 protein expression in CLL has never been studied. We here analyzed CD105 surface expression on CLL cells from 71 patients by flow cytometry and report for the first time that substantial levels of CD105 are detectable on CLL cells in 70.4% of patients. Using receiver operating characteristics, we established a cutoff of 5.99% positive cells to distinguish between low and high CD105 levels, the latter correlating with decreased time to first treatment and overall survival. High CD105 expression further correlates with CD38 expression. Our study identified membrane expression of CD105 as a potential risk marker and therapeutic target in high-risk CLL. However, multivariant analyses of large cohorts should be performed in confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Greiner
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Märklin
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Holzmayer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kübra Kaban
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Meyer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Hinterleitner
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Tandler
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilona Hagelstein
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Joseph Kauer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V. Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Jiang L, Chen Y. Recent advances in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Res 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 35000616 PMCID: PMC8744248 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors in the world. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. Systemic treatment, especially with conventional cytotoxic drugs, is usually ineffective. For more than a decade, sorafenib has been the only systemic drug that has been proven to be clinically effective for treating advanced HCC. However, over the past three years, the rapid progress of molecular targeted therapies has dramatically changed the treatment landscape for advanced HCC. Immune checkpoint therapies are now being incorporated into HCC therapies, and their combination with molecular targeted therapy is emerging as a tool to enhance the immune response. In this review, we summarize the development and progress of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wuyang Zhang
- Clinical skills training center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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9
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Canonical Wnt: a safeguard and threat for erythropoiesis. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3726-3735. [PMID: 34516644 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid dysplastic syndrome (MDS) reflects a preleukemic bone marrow (BM) disorder with limited treatment options and poor disease survival. As only a minority of MDS patients are eligible for curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment options. Chronic activation of Wnt/β-catenin has been implicated to underlie MDS formation and recently assigned to drive MDS transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Wnt/β-catenin signaling therefore may harbor a pharmaceutical target to treat MDS and/or prevent leukemia formation. However, targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway will also affect healthy hematopoiesis in MDS patients. The control of Wnt/β-catenin in healthy hematopoiesis is poorly understood. Whereas Wnt/β-catenin is dispensable for steady-state erythropoiesis, its activity is essential for stress erythropoiesis in response to BM injury and anemia. Manipulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MDS may therefore deregulate stress erythropoiesis and even increase anemia severity. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent and established insights in the field to acquire more insight into the control of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in healthy and inefficient erythropoiesis as seen in MDS.
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10
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Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Ayuso-Íñigo B, Pericacho M. Hot and Cold Tumors: Is Endoglin (CD105) a Potential Target for Vessel Normalization? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1552. [PMID: 33800564 PMCID: PMC8038031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are complex masses formed by malignant but also by normal cells. The interaction between these cells via cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes that remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the tumor microenvironment (TME). This TME can be determinant in the prognosis and the response to some treatments such as immunotherapy. Depending on their TME, two types of tumors can be defined: hot tumors, characterized by an immunosupportive TME and a good response to immunotherapy; and cold tumors, which respond poorly to this therapy and are characterized by an immunosuppressive TME. A therapeutic strategy that has been shown to be useful for the conversion of cold tumors into hot tumors is vascular normalization. In this review we propose that endoglin (CD105) may be a useful target of this strategy since it is involved in the three main processes involved in the generation of the TME: angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) accumulation. Moreover, the analysis of endoglin expression in tumors, which is already used in the clinic to study the microvascular density and that is associated with worse prognosis, could be used to predict a patient's response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Pericacho
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Group of Physiopathology of the Vascular Endothelium (ENDOVAS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.O.-I.); (B.A.-Í.)
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11
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Jeng KS, Sheen IS, Lin SS, Leu CM, Chang CF. The Role of Endoglin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063208. [PMID: 33809908 PMCID: PMC8004096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (CD105) is a type-1 integral transmembrane glycoprotein and coreceptor for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands. The endoglin/TGF-β signaling pathway regulates hemostasis, cell proliferation/migration, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis contributes to early progression, invasion, postoperative recurrence, and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most widespread malignancies globally. Endoglin is overexpressed in newly formed HCC microvessels. It increases microvessel density in cirrhotic and regenerative HCC nodules. In addition, circulating endoglin is present in HCC patients, suggesting potential for use as a diagnostic or prognostic factor. HCC angiogenesis is dynamic and endoglin expression varies by stage. TRC105 (carotuximab) is an antibody against endoglin, and three of its clinical trials were related to liver diseases. A partial response was achieved when combining TRC105 with sorafenib. Although antiangiogenic therapy still carries some risks, combination therapy with endoglin inhibitors or other targeted therapies holds promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - I-Shyan Sheen
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan city 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Sheng Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei city 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Chiung-Fang Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-S.J.); (S.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-7728-4564
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12
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CD105 (endoglin) as risk marker in AML patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Int J Hematol 2020; 112:57-64. [PMID: 32266669 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several genetic and molecular markers are general predictors of outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but only few are predictive of outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Novel markers are needed to improve treatment decisions regarding HSCT. CD105 (endoglin) is a type I transmembrane protein capable of activating endothelial cells. Moreover, CD105 mediates stem cell properties of hematopoietic stem cells and enables repopulation within the bone marrow. Expression of CD105 on vessels of solid tumors and on AML blasts is correlated with poor prognosis. We recently demonstrated that CD105 expression is an independent predictor of overall survival in AML. However, its role in patients receiving intensive treatment with consecutive allogenic transplantation has not been assessed. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed primary samples of 41 patients who underwent HSCT. Using the previously defined SFI cut-off of 5.2, we identified differences in CD105 expression regarding FAB classification and NCCN risk score. Moreover, we detected differences regarding transplant indication and WHO classification with regards to CD105 surface levels. In patients undergoing HSCT high CD105 expression correlated significantly with poor overall survival. We identify CD105 expression in AML as prognostic marker for outcome after HSCT in AML.
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13
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Schoonderwoerd MJA, Goumans MJTH, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin: Beyond the Endothelium. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020289. [PMID: 32059544 PMCID: PMC7072477 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Keywords: endoglin; CD105 TGF-β; BMP9; ALK-1; TRC105; tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. A. Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastrenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lukas J. A. C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastrenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-526-6736
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14
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Xue C, Shao S, Yan Y, Yang S, Bai S, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu R, Ma H, Chai L, Zhang X, Ren J. Association between G-protein coupled receptor 4 expression and microvessel density, clinicopathological characteristics and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2609-2620. [PMID: 32218811 PMCID: PMC7068660 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) acts as a proton-sensing receptor and plays a role in regulating angiogenesis. Endoglin/CD105 is a marker of cell proliferation in vascular endothelial cells, particularly in tumor vasculature cells. Although there have been several studies investigating angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), none have investigated the association between GPR4 and microvessel density (MVD)-CD105 in this type of cancer. In the present study, CD105 and GPR4 were found to be expressed in benign and malignant liver tissues by immunofluorescence staining and laser confocal microscopy. Compared with levels in benign tissues, CD105 and GPR4 were highly expressed in neoplastic tissues. Furthermore, the average fluorescence intensity of GPR4 and MVD-CD105 was positively correlated. GPR4 and CD105 were found to be co-localized in the vascular endothelium in tumor tissues. Furthermore, the expression of GPR4 was higher in the marginal region of tumor tissues compared with the central region. These findings suggest that the expression of GPR4 in tumor microvessels in HCC may be implicated in tumor angiogenesis and development. Furthermore, the association between the expression of GPR4 and the clinicopathological features of patients with HCC further suggests a role for GPR4 in tumor angiogenesis and growth. Overall, these results suggest the potential of GPR4 as a prognostic factor and as an antiangiogenic target in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shuheng Bai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiangzhou Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Linyan Chai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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15
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Mijović M, Nedeljković V, Vukićević D, Mitić N, Đerković B, Rašić J, Premović V. Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive parameters in prostate cancer. PRAXIS MEDICA 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/pramed2004043m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CP) is the most common malignancy in men in America, while it is the second most common in Europe. It is responsible for about 10% of cancer deaths in the same population. It is clinically manifested in various forms, from slow-growing to aggressive forms with pronounced metastatic potential. Diagnosis is made by a well-defined algorithm, which begins with the determination of serum prostate specific antigen values and ends with prostate biopsy as the "gold standard". Pathohistological diagnostic criterias are based on architectural, cytoplasmic, nuclear and characteristics of intraluminal structures, as well as periacinar cleftings, which are deffined as helpfull diagnostic criteria of undoubted importance. Prognostic and predictive parameters are classified into three categories. Some of them are an integral part of routine pathohistologicat report, while others are considered as the diagnostic process progresses. Modern knowledge introduces biomarkers into the everyday practice of personalized medicine, especially when is necessary to treat prostate cancer patients.
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16
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Placencio-Hickok VR, Madhav A, Kim S, Duong F, Angara B, Liu Z, Bhowmick NA. Soluble CD105 is prognostic of disease recurrence in prostate cancer patients. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:1-9. [PMID: 31648185 PMCID: PMC7002242 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
While the overall 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer is near 100%, up to 35% of patients will develop recurrent disease. At the time of prostatectomy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to guide primary therapy with the goal of curative intervention. It can be valuable to know when primary therapy may not in fact be curative, so that subsequent adjuvant therapy can be administered at an early stage to limit progression. We examined prostate cancer patients with PSA ≤10 ng/mL that were all subjected to prostatectomy with at least 5 years of follow-up (n = 181). Based on data that endoglin (CD105) signaling in the tumor can contribute to prostate cancer progression, we examined the expression of soluble CD105 (sCD105) in the patient plasma. To determine the relation of plasma sCD105 measures to cellular CD105 in tissues, we tested an independent set of prostate cancer tissues and paired plasma (n = 31). Elevated sCD105 was found to be associated with recurrence-free survival of prostate cancer patients. Further, sCD105 levels in patient plasma were inversely correlated with cellular CD105 expression. This translational study supported preclinical data demonstrating the pro-tumorigenic capacity of cellular CD105 and provide a blood-based biomarker, sCD105, for prostate cancer recurrence in prostatectomy patients with PSA levels ≤10 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisha Madhav
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Duong
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Angara
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neil A. Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Abstract
While several genetic and morphological markers are established and serve to guide therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), there is still profound need to identify additional markers to better stratify patients. CD105 (Endoglin) is a type I transmembrane protein reported to induce activation and proliferation of endothelial cells. In addition, CD105 is expressed in haematological malignancies and the vessels of solid tumours. Here, CD105 associates with unfavourable disease course, but so far no data are available on the prognostic relevance of CD105 in haematological malignancies. We here generated a novel CD105 antibody for analysis of expression and prognostic relevance of CD105 in a cohort of 62 AML patients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed substantial expression in the various AML FAB types, with FAB M3 type displaying significantly lower surface levels. Next we established a cut-off specific fluorescence level of 5.22 using receiver-operating characteristics, which allowed to group patients in cases with CD105lo and CD105hi surface expression and revealed that high CD105 expression correlated significantly with poor overall and progression free survival. In conclusion, we here identify CD105 expression as a novel prognostic marker in AML, which may serve to optimize follow up and treatment decisions for AML patients.
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18
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In vivo imaging of TGFβ signalling components using positron emission tomography. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2258-2272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Huang X, Liang X, Zhang Q, Wang D, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhou J. Quantifying the angiogenesis of C6 glioma in rats based on CT quantitative parameters. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:985-993. [PMID: 30322293 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118808073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common neoplasm that is neuroepithelial in nature. However, Spectral computed tomography (CT) has rarely been reported to detect angiogenesis in tumors. Purpose To investigate the value of multi-parameter spectral CT for the detection of angiogenesis in C6 glioma in rats. Material and Methods Fifteen male Wistar rats were seeded with C6 glioma cells in the right basal ganglia and spectral CT-enhanced scanning was performed at days 7, 10, and 14 after the C6 glioma cells were seeded. The spectral CT parameters were measured in three areas: the solid tumor; the peritumoral area; and the contralateral mirror area. After different periods of scanning, the rats’ brain tissue was stained with HE and CD105 immunohistochemical staining. Different periods of spectral CT quantitative parameters and pathological images were analyzed. Results The spectral CT parameter and CD105 among the solid tumor, peritumoral area, and contralateral mirror area were significantly different: monochromatic CT value (211.30 ± 34.67 HU, 119.16 ± 13.31 HU, and 55.59 ± 7.87 HU, P < 0.001); CD105 (16.14 ± 1.91, 6.79 ± 1.31, and 2.50 ± 0.51, P < 0.001); spectral curve slope (10.35 ± 1.89, 5.33 ± 0.87, 0.88 ± 0.26, P < 0.001); iodine (water) value (49.75 ± 9.02, 26.04 ± 4.32, 4.36 ± 1.18, P < 0.001). CD105 correlated strongly with the CT value at 65 keV (correlation coefficient r = 0.98, P < 0.001). Conclusion Multi-parameter spectral CT can reflect the formation of tumor angiogenesis in rat C6 glioma to a certain extent and can be used as an effective means to evaluate glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Qiaoying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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20
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Leone P, Di Lernia G, Solimando AG, Cicco S, Saltarella I, Lamanuzzi A, Ria R, Frassanito MA, Ponzoni M, Ditonno P, Dammacco F, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Bone marrow endothelial cells sustain a tumor-specific CD8 + T cell subset with suppressive function in myeloma patients. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1486949. [PMID: 30546939 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1486949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) line the bone marrow microvasculature and are in close contact with CD8+ T cells that come and go across the permeable capillaries. Because of these intimate interactions, we investigated the capacity of EC to act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and modulate CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation in bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We found that EC from MM patients show a phenotype of semi-professional APC given that they express low levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86, and of the inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL). In addition, they do not undergo the strong switch from immunoproteasome to standard proteasome subunit expression which is typical of mature professional APC such as dendritic cells. EC can trap and present antigen to CD8+ T cells, stimulating a central memory CD8+ T cell population that expresses Foxp3 and produces high amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β. Another CD8+ T cell population is stimulated by professional APC, produces IFN-γ, and exerts antitumor activity. Thus, two distinct CD8+ T cell populations coexist in the bone marrow of MM patients: the first population is sustained by EC, expresses Foxp3, produces IL-10 and TGF-β, and exerts pro-tumor activity by negatively regulating the second population. This study adds new insight into the role that EC play in MM biology and describes an additional immune regulatory mechanism that inhibits the development of antitumor immunity and may impair the success of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lernia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit & Leukemia Unit, San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ditonno
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Dammacco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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21
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Berndt R, Hummitzsch L, Heß K, Albrecht M, Zitta K, Rusch R, Sarras B, Bayer A, Cremer J, Faendrich F, Groß J. Allogeneic transplantation of programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) improves angiogenesis and tissue recovery in critical limb ischemia (CLI): a translational approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:117. [PMID: 29703251 PMCID: PMC5921555 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND Employing growth factor-induced partial reprogramming in vitro, peripheral human blood monocytes can acquire a state of plasticity along with expression of various markers of pluripotency. These so-called programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) hold great promise in regenerative therapies. The aim of this translational study was to explore and exploit the functional properties of PCMO for allogeneic cell transplantation therapy in critical limb ischemia (CLI). METHODS Using our previously described differentiation protocol, murine and human monocytes were differentiated into PCMO. We examined paracrine secretion of pro-angiogenic and tissue recovery-associated proteins under hypoxia and induction of angiogenesis by PCMO in vitro. Allogeneic cell transplantation of PCMO was performed in a hind limb ischemia mouse model in comparison to cell transplantation of native monocytes and a placebo group. Moreover, we analyzed retrospectively four healing attempts with PCMO in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD; Rutherford classification, stage 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test or the Student's t test, p < 0.05. RESULTS Cell culture experiments revealed good resilience of PCMO under hypoxia, enhanced paracrine release of pro-angiogenic and tissue recovery-associated proteins and induction of angiogenesis in vitro by PCMO. Animal experiments demonstrated significantly enhanced SO2 saturation, blood flow, neoangiogenesis and tissue recovery after treatment with PCMO compared to treatment with native monocytes and placebo. Finally, first therapeutic application of PCMO in humans demonstrated increased vascular collaterals and improved wound healing in patients with chronic CLI without exaggerated immune response, malignant processes or extended infection after 12 months. In all patients minor and/or major amputations of the lower extremity could be avoided. CONCLUSIONS In summary, PCMO improve angiogenesis and tissue recovery in chronic ischemic muscle and first clinical results promise to provide an effective and safe treatment of CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Berndt
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lars Hummitzsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Heß
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rene Rusch
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beke Sarras
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Faendrich
- Department of Applied Cell Therapy, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Groß
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Lin Q, Ren W, Xu G. Prognostic value of endoglin-assessed microvessel density in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7660-7671. [PMID: 29484142 PMCID: PMC5800934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoglin (ENG, CD105), an auxiliary receptor for several TGF-β superfamily ligands, is constitutively expressed in tumor microvessels. The prognostic value of ENG-assessed microvessel density (MVD) has not been systemically analyzed. This meta-analysis reviews and evaluates the association between ENG expression and prognosis in cancer patients. Materials and Methods Thirty published studies involving in 3613 patients were included after searching of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were calculated using random-effects models. The publication bias was detected by a Begg's test and Egger's test. The outcome stability was verified by sensitivity analysis. Results The high ENG-assessed MVD was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.62-2.81; P < 0.001), DFS (HR = 3.23, 95% CI 2.10-4.95; P < 0.001), CSS (HR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.32-8.37; P < 0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the association between the overexpression of ENG in tumor microvessels and the outcome endpoints (OS or DFS) were also significant in the Asians and Caucasians patients with different cancer types. Conclusions ENG of tumor microvessels is a predictor of poor OS, DFS and CSS and may be a prognostic marker of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qunbo Lin
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weimin Ren
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Maley CC, Aktipis A, Graham TA, Sottoriva A, Boddy AM, Janiszewska M, Silva AS, Gerlinger M, Yuan Y, Pienta KJ, Anderson KS, Gatenby R, Swanton C, Posada D, Wu CI, Schiffman JD, Hwang ES, Polyak K, Anderson ARA, Brown JS, Greaves M, Shibata D. Classifying the evolutionary and ecological features of neoplasms. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:605-619. [PMID: 28912577 PMCID: PMC5811185 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic cell determines which changes provide adaptive benefits. There is widespread recognition of the importance of these evolutionary and ecological processes in cancer, but to date, no system has been proposed for drawing clinically relevant distinctions between how different tumours are evolving. On the basis of a consensus conference of experts in the fields of cancer evolution and cancer ecology, we propose a framework for classifying tumours that is based on four relevant components. These are the diversity of neoplastic cells (intratumoural heterogeneity) and changes over time in that diversity, which make up an evolutionary index (Evo-index), as well as the hazards to neoplastic cell survival and the resources available to neoplastic cells, which make up an ecological index (Eco-index). We review evidence demonstrating the importance of each of these factors and describe multiple methods that can be used to measure them. Development of this classification system holds promise for enabling clinicians to personalize optimal interventions based on the evolvability of the patient's tumour. The Evo- and Eco-indices provide a common lexicon for communicating about how neoplasms change in response to interventions, with potential implications for clinical trials, personalized medicine and basic cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo C Maley
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Athena Aktipis
- Department of Psychology, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 651 E. University Drive, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Michalina Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue D740C, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ariosto S Silva
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Marco Gerlinger
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Posada
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Chung-I Wu
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, 465 Seeley Mudd Building, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue D740C, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alexander R A Anderson
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Joel S Brown
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Darryl Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, NOR2424, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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24
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Litwiniuk M, Niemczyk K, Niderla-Bielińska J, Łukawska-Popieluch I, Grzela T. Soluble Endoglin (CD105) Serum Level as a Potential Marker in the Management of Head and Neck Paragangliomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 126:717-721. [PMID: 28863727 DOI: 10.1177/0003489417727548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the expression of endoglin in head and neck paragangliomas and the soluble endoglin level in serum of paraganglioma patients. METHODS Seven tumor samples of patients operated for cervical paraganglioma were assessed, as well as serum samples collected preoperatively, on days 4 and 28 postoperation. Serum level of endoglin in healthy controls was also determined. Tumor samples were subjected to immunofluorescent staining and examined with confocal microscope. The level of soluble endoglin in serum samples was examined using the immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). RESULTS Endoglin was highly expressed in all tumor samples. The level of soluble endoglin was significantly higher in paraganglioma patients compared to healthy controls and correlated with the tumor size. The serum level of s-endoglin was reduced after surgical excision of the tumor and remained stable after 4 weeks in all patients with complete resection of the tumor. CONCLUSION Endoglin is an important factor in the pathophysiology of head and neck paragangliomas and may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in these types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Litwiniuk
- 1 Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.,2 Histology and Embryology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Niemczyk
- 1 Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Tomasz Grzela
- 2 Histology and Embryology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Vlachostergios PJ, Galletti G, Palmer J, Lam L, Karir BS, Tagawa ST. Antibody therapeutics for treating prostate cancer: where are we now and what comes next? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:135-149. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1258398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Galletti
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Palmer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Lam
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beerinder S. Karir
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott T. Tagawa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Qin G, Chen Y, Li H, Xu S, Li Y, Sun J, Rao W, Chen C, Du M, He K, Ye Y. Melittin inhibits tumor angiogenesis modulated by endothelial progenitor cells associated with the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway in a UMR-106 osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:57-68. [PMID: 27177128 PMCID: PMC4918564 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are important in tumor angiogenesis. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) are key in stem cell homing. Melittin, a component of bee venom, exerts antitumor activity, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to assess the effects of melittin on EPCs and angiogenesis in a mouse model of osteosarcoma. UMR-106 cells and EPCs were treated with various concentrations of melittin and cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. EPC adherence, migration and tube forming ability were assessed. Furthermore, SDF-1α, AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 expression levels were detected by western blotting. Nude mice were inoculated with UMR-106 cells to establish an osteosarcoma mouse model. The tumors were injected with melittin, and its effects were assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Melittin decreased the viability of UMR-106 cells and EPCs. In addition, it decreased EPC adhesion, migration and tube formation when compared with control and SDF-1α-treated cells. Melittin decreased the expression of phosphorylated (p)-AKT, p-ERK1/2, SDF-1α and CXCR4 in UMR-106 cells and EPCs when compared with the control. The proportions of cluster of differentiation (CD)34/CD133 double-positive cells were 16.4±10.4% in the control, and 7.0±4.4, 2.9±1.2 and 1.3±0.3% in tumors treated with 160, 320 and 640 µg/kg melittin per day, respectively (P<0.05). At 11 days, melittin reduced the tumor size when compared with that of the control (control, 4.8±1.3 cm3; melittin, 3.2±0.6, 2.6±0.5, and 2.0±0.2 cm3 for 160, 320 and 640 µg/kg, respectively; all P<0.05). Melittin decreased the microvessel density, and SDF-1α and CXCR4 protein expression levels in the tumors. Melittin may decrease the effect of osteosarcoma on EPC-mediated angiogenesis, possibly via inhibition of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Suyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Wu Rao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Chaowei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Mindong Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyi He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
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27
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Karmani L, Levêque P, Bouzin C, Bol A, Dieu M, Walrand S, Vander Borght T, Feron O, Grégoire V, Bonifazi D, Michiels C, Lucas S, Gallez B. Biodistribution of (125)I-labeled anti-endoglin antibody using SPECT/CT imaging: Impact of in vivo deiodination on tumor accumulation in mice. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:415-23. [PMID: 27179250 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiolabeled antibodies directed against endoglin (CD105) are promising tools for imaging and antiangiogenic cancer therapy. To validate iodinated antibodies as reliable tracers, we investigated the influence of the radiolabeling method (direct or indirect) on their in vivo stability. METHODS Anti-CD105 mAbs were radioiodinated directly using chloramine-T ((125)I-anti-CD105-mAbs) or indirectly using D-KRYRR peptide as a linker ((125)I-KRYRR-anti-CD105-mAbs). The biodistribution was studied in B16 tumor-bearing mice via SPECT/CT imaging. RESULTS Radioiodinated mAbs were stable in vitro. In vivo, thyroid showed the most important increase of uptake after 24h for (125)I-anti-CD105-mAbs (91.9±4.0%ID/ml) versus(125)I-KRYRR-anti-CD105-mAbs (4.4±0.6%ID/ml). Tumor uptake of (125)I-anti-CD105-mAbs (0.9±0.3%ID/ml) was significantly lower than that of (125)I-KRYRR-anti-CD105-mAbs (4.7±0.2%ID/ml). CONCLUSIONS An accurate characterization of the in vivo stability of radioiodinated mAbs and the choice of an appropriate method for the radioiodination are required, especially for novel targets. The indirect radioiodination of internalizing anti-CD105 mAbs leads to more stable tracer by decreasing in vivo deiodination and improves the tumor retention of radioiodinated mAbs. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE To date, the only antiangiogenic antibody approved for clinical indications is bevacizumab. There is a need to develop more antibodies that have targets highly expressed on tumor endothelium. CD105 represents a promising marker of angiogenesis, but its therapeutic relevance in cancer needs to be further investigated. In this context, this study suggests the potential use of indirectly iodinated anti-CD105 mAbs for tumor imaging and for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Karmani
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Levêque
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Bol
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Stephan Walrand
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Vander Borght
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 54, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College and Department of Chemistry (NARC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Research Centre for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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CD105 Over-expression Is Associated with Higher WHO Grades for Gliomas. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:3503-3512. [PMID: 26884265 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD105 is an ancillary receptor of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which has been suggested as a suitable biomarker for cancer-related angiogenesis and neovascularization (Nassiri et al. in Anticancer Res 31:2283-2290, 2011). However, the clinical significance of CD105 in WHO grade was rarely reported and the effects of CD105 signal transduction pathway on gliomas remain controversial and unclear. To get a convincing conclusion, performing a meta-analysis is essential. Relevant literature studies were included via careful evaluation, and standard mean difference (SMD) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) was calculated. We also made funnel plots to test the heterogeneity. In the present meta-analysis, a total of 11 eligible literatures involving 796 patients were incorporated. They were all conducted in China, revealing that CD105 overexpression in glioma tissues was strongly linked to high WHO grading (III+IV) (SMD -1.785, 95 % CI -2.133, -1.437; p = 0.000). No significant associations between CD105 and age (SMD -0.505, 95 % CI -1.054, 0.043; p = 0. 071), CD105 and gender (SMD 0.101, 95 % CI -0.103, 0.305; p = 0.333), and CD105 and tumor size (SMD -0.433, 95 % CI -1.326, 0.459; p = 0. 341) were detected. Besides, CD105 expression was closely associated with glioma patients' 3-year overall survival (OS; n = 2; HR = 4.357, 95 % CI 1.412, 7.303; p = 0.004). On the basis of Begg's and Egger's test or funnel plot, no publication bias was detected. In a nutshell, this meta-analysis demonstrated that CD105 overexpression correlates to higher WHO grade and poor survival and could be indicated as a helpful prognostic and diagnostic marker, or a useful therapy target.
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29
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Min L, Ling W, Hua R, Qi H, Chen S, Wang H, Tang L, Shangguan W. Anti‑angiogenic therapy for normalization of tumor vasculature: A potential effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction on nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with high metastatic potential. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2518-26. [PMID: 26846752 PMCID: PMC4768951 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HCCLM3 xenografts. A total of 96 nude mice bearing HCCLM3 xenografts were randomly divided into four groups: BYHWD group (LB), Yi-qi decoction group (LY), Huo-xue decoction group (LH) and model group (LM). Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups (n=8), which were observed on days 21, 25, 38 following treatment, respectively. The tumor weights, volumes and pulmonary metastases were recorded. The expression of CD105 and the microvessel density (MVD) were assessed, and the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS-5) were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. Compared with the LM group, no significant decrease in tumor weight or volume were observed in the herbal medicine treatment groups, the number of the metastases in the lungs decreased, whereas the expression levels of RGS-5 and HIF-1α decreased in the LB group on day 35. However, the expression levels of VEGF increased in the LB group on days 28 and 35 post-treatment. The results of the present study suggested that BYHWD may inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis by affecting the expression levels of VEGF, RGS-5 and HIF-1α, and suggested that BYHWD may contribute to the tumor microenvironment and vasculature normalization in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Min
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Shenxu Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Haiqiao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lumen Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wenji Shangguan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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30
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Jonker L. TGF-β & BMP receptors endoglin and ALK1: overview of their functional role and status as antiangiogenic targets. Microcirculation 2015; 21:93-103. [PMID: 25279424 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, angiogenesis, is facilitated through a host of different signaling processes. Members of the TGF-β superfamily, TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and BMP9, are key propagators of both inhibition and initiation of angiogenesis. HHT, characterized by AVM and capillary bed defects, is caused by germline mutations in the ENG and ACVRL1/ALK1 genes, respectively. Clinical symptoms include epistaxis and GI hemorrhage. The membranous receptors endoglin and ALK1 activate proliferation and migration of endothelial cells during the angiogenic process via the downstream intracellular SMAD signaling pathway. Endothelial cell senescence or activation is dependent on the type of cytokine, ligand concentration, cell-cell interaction, and a multitude of other signaling molecules. Endoglin and ALK1 receptor levels in tumor vasculature correlate inversely with prognosis in humans, whereas in mice, endoglin deficiency decelerates tumor progression. Therefore, endoglin and ALK1 have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for antibody treatment in various cancers. Early phase clinical trials in humans are currently underway to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biological therapy targeting endoglin/ALK1-mediated cells signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jonker
- North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carlisle, UK
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Li S, Tian H, Yue W, Li L, Gao C, Si L, Hu W, Qi L, Lu M, Cheng C, Cui J, Chen G. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of metastasis-associated protein 1 expression and its correlation with angiogenesis in lung invasive adenocarcinomas, based on the 2011 IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:224-230. [PMID: 26870192 PMCID: PMC4727071 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on previous findings regarding the angiogenic activities and prognostic roles of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MTA1 protein expression, and its correlation with angiogenesis in lung invasive adenocarcinoma, were further assessed in the present study, according to the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. High protein expression levels of MTA1 were commonly observed in patients with lung invasive adenocarcinoma, and were significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.030), lymph node metastasis (P=0.021) and microvessel density (P=0.015). Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high protein expression levels of MTA1 exhibited significantly shorter five-year disease-free and overall survival than those patients whose protein expression levels of MTA1 were low (24.5% vs. 48.7%, P=0.001, and 34.7% vs. 59.2%, P=0.005, respectively). In addition, Cox regression multivariate analysis demonstrated that high protein expression levels of MTA1 significantly correlated with unfavorable five-year disease-free survival (P=0.024). These findings indicate that MTA1 protein expression may possess clinical potential as an indicator of progressive phenotype. Therefore, MTA1 is a promising prognostic predictor to identify subgroups of patients with high risk of relapse, and a potentially novel therapeutic target for antiangiogenesis in patients with lung invasive adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cun Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Libo Si
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wensi Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanle Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guanqing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Miyata Y, Sakai H. Reconsideration of the clinical and histopathological significance of angiogenesis in prostate cancer: Usefulness and limitations of microvessel density measurement. Int J Urol 2015; 22:806-15. [PMID: 26153072 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays important roles in tumor growth and cancer cell dissemination in almost all cancers. In prostate cancer, there is general agreement that increased angiogenesis is an important factor in determining tumor development and prognosis in these patients. Microvessel density is recognized as a useful marker for evaluating the angiogenic status of cancer tissues. Many investigators have reported that microvessel density is significantly associated with pathological features and outcomes in prostate cancer patients; however, some researchers have expressed opposing opinions. As the reason for such discrepancy, previous reports have suggested differences in the methodologies of measuring microvessel density in cancer tissues. In the present review, we focus on the variation in such methods, including the selected area and the method used for (semi)quantification. In particular, we discuss the relationship between malignancy potential, tumor progression, and survival and differences in the antibodies used for detection of endothelial cells in detail. We briefly compare the pathological significance and prognostic roles of microvessel density measured using von Willebrand factor, CD31, CD34, and CD105. Based on these analyses, the advantages and limitations of microvessel density measurements in prostate cancer tissues are clarified. Improved "real" and "specific" markers of cancer-related angiogenesis are necessary for better predictions of prognoses and for discussion of treatment strategies for patients with prostate cancer. However, establishment of a satisfactory cancer-related endothelial marker could take a long time. Therefore, knowledge regarding the pathological significance of microvessel density - based on understanding of the advantages and limitations of microvessel density determination methods - is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Karzai FH, Apolo AB, Cao L, Madan RA, Adelberg DE, Parnes H, McLeod DG, Harold N, Peer C, Yu Y, Tomita Y, Lee MJ, Lee S, Trepel JB, Gulley JL, Figg WD, Dahut WL. A phase I study of TRC105 anti-endoglin (CD105) antibody in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. BJU Int 2015; 116:546-55. [PMID: 25407442 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TRC105 is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds endoglin (CD105). This phase I open-label study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TRC105 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mCRPC received escalating doses of i.v. TRC105 until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression, up to a predetermined dose level, using a standard 3 + 3 phase I design. RESULTS A total of 20 patients were treated. The top dose level studied, 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks, was the maximum tolerated dose. Common adverse effects included infusion-related reaction (90%), low grade headache (67%), anaemia (48%), epistaxis (43%) and fever (43%). Ten patients had stable disease on study and eight patients had declines in prostate specific antigen (PSA). Significant plasma CD105 reduction was observed at the higher dose levels. In an exploratory analysis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased after treatment with TRC105 and VEGF levels were associated with CD105 reduction. CONCLUSION TRC105 was tolerated at 20 mg/kg every other week with a safety profile distinct from that of VEGF inhibitors. A significant induction of plasma VEGF was associated with CD105 reduction, suggesting anti-angiogenic activity of TRC105. An exploratory analysis showed a tentative correlation between the reduction of CD105 and a decrease in PSA velocity, suggestive of potential activity of TRC105 in the patients with mCRPC. The data from this exploratory analysis suggest that rising VEGF level is a possible compensatory mechanism for TRC105-induced anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima H Karzai
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea B Apolo
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David E Adelberg
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard Parnes
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David G McLeod
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Harold
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cody Peer
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunkai Yu
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Medical Oncology Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jia ZZ, Gu HM, Zhou XJ, Shi JL, Li MD, Zhou GF, Wu XH. The assessment of immature microvascular density in brain gliomas with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:1805-9. [PMID: 26066470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the immature microvascular density (MVD) of brain gliomas using the volume transfer constant (K(trans)) and volume of extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue (Ve) from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) noninvasively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients (35 males, 22 females; age range, 14-70, mean age 46±12 years old) with brain glioma were included in this study. The maximal values of K(trans) and Ve of all patients with brain glioma (grade II 24, III 7 and IV 26) were obtained. The CD105-microvascular density (CD105-MVD) of each tumor was measured in surgical specimen. The differences of K(trans), Ve and CD105-MVD between the different grades of gliomas were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The Pearman correlation coefficient was determined between K(trans), Ve and CD105-MVD. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The differences in K(trans), Ve and CD105-MVD were statistically significant between low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG) (P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001). The K(trans), Ve and CD105-MVD of grade II were significantly lower than those of grade III and IV. K(trans) and Ve were positively correlated with CD105-MVD in HGG (P<0.001, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest DCE-MRI plays an important part in noninvasively evaluating the immature MVD of brain gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng Jia
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hong Mei Gu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xue Jun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jin Long Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Min Da Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Guo Feng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xian Hua Wu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, PR China.
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Viil J, Maasalu K, Mäemets-Allas K, Tamming L, Lõhmussaar K, Tooming M, Ingerpuu S, Märtson A, Jaks V. Laminin-rich blood vessels display activated growth factor signaling and act as the proliferation centers in Dupuytren's contracture. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:144. [PMID: 26018562 PMCID: PMC4475288 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dupuytren's contracture (DC) is a chronic fibroproliferative disease of the hand, which is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of atypical myofibroblasts at the cellular level. We hypothesized that specific areas of the DC tissue are sustaining the cell proliferation and studied the potential molecular determinants that might contribute to the formation of such niches. METHODS We studied the expression pattern of cell proliferation marker Ki67, phosphorylated AKT (Ak mouse strain thymoma) kinase, DC-associated growth factors (connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2)) and extracellular matrix components (laminins, fibronectin, collagen IV) in DC tissue and normal palmar fascia using immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS We found that proliferative cells in the DC nodules were concentrated in the immediate vicinity of small blood vessels and localized predominantly in the myofibroblast layer. Correspondingly, the DC-associated blood vessels contained increased levels of phosphorylated AKT, a hallmark of activated growth factor signaling. When studying the expression of potential activators of AKT signaling we found that the expression of bFGF was confined to the endothelium of the small blood vessels, IGF-2 was present uniformly in the DC tissue and CTGF was expressed in the DC-associated sweat gland acini. In addition, the blood vessels in DC nodules contained increased amounts of laminins 511 and 521, which have been previously shown to promote the proliferation and stem cell properties of different cell types. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose that in the DC-associated small blood vessels the presence of growth factors in combination with favorable extracellular matrix composition provide a supportive environment for sustained proliferation of myofibroblasts and thus the blood vessels play an important role in DC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeli Viil
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. .,Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Liis Tamming
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kadi Lõhmussaar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mikk Tooming
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Sulev Ingerpuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aare Märtson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. .,Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Microvessel Landscape Assessment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Unclear Value of Targeting Endoglin (CD105) as Prognostic Factor of Clinical Outcome. Pancreas 2015; 44:87-92. [PMID: 25058886 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor angiogenesis based on microvessel density assessment has been associated with poor prognosis in several studies of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Expression of endoglin (CD105), a tumor-induced vascularization marker, has been found to represent a negative prognostic factor in many malignant tumors. The aim of our study was to assess the value of tumoral microvascularity both with pan-endothelial markers and endoglin as well, in correlation with the clinical outcome of patients with PDAC. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with PDAC, 36 males and 22 females, with a mean (SD) age of 65.4 (10.0) years were included in the study. Deparaffinized sections from formalin-fixed areas both from the center and periphery (invasion front) of the tumors were immunostained for CD105 as well as for the endothelial markers CD31 and CD34. Tumoral angiogenesis was assessed on the basis of microvessel density (number of vessels per square millimeter) and on microvascular area (square micrometers) as well. RESULTS High intratumoral microvascular area, in endoglin-stained sections, was found to be of marginal prognostic significance for recurrence (log rank, P 0.05). Survival was also marginally associated with CD31 intratumoral microvascular area (log rank, P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed before endoglin replaces the conventional angiogenesis markers in PDCA.
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Duan CL, Hou GH, Liu YP, Liang T, Song J, Han JK, Zhang C. Tumor vascular homing endgolin-targeted radioimmunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12205-15. [PMID: 25164610 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin is a proliferation-associated cell membrane antigen and overexpressed in the angiogenic vasculature of solid tumors. However, the applications of endoglin (ENG)-targeted radioimmunotheray in hepatocellular carcinoma have not been reported yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was the visualization of both the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor burden and therapeutic effect with ENG-targeted (131)I-anti-ENG mAb (A8), via in vivo noninvasive fluorescence imaging (NIFLI) of SMMC7721-green fluorescent protein (GFP) cells. A8 showed a dose-dependent, time-dependent suppression on the proliferation of SMMC7721-GFP cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Tube formation assay showed that (131)I-A8 markedly inhibits HUVECs to form extensive and enclosed tube networks. The results showed that the radiochemical purity of (131)I-A8 was 92.8 % and (131)I-A8 maintained more stable in serum than in saline and had high affinity against SMMC7721-GFP cells. The pharmacokinetics of (131)I-A8 was in accordance with the two-compartment model, with a rapid distribution phase and a slow decline phase. NIFLI exhibited a good relation between the fluorescent signal and tumor volume in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with (131)I-A8 resulted in significant tumor-growth suppression on the basis of the reducing fluorescent signal and a remarkably decreased tumor weight in treated animals. These results were further verified by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. Our findings indicate that (131)I-A8 can be used as ENG-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, and noninvasive fluorescence imaging provides valuable information on tumor burden and effectiveness of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Ling Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kong HY, Byun J. Emerging roles of human prostatic Acid phosphatase. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 21:10-20. [PMID: 24009853 PMCID: PMC3762301 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent non-skin related cancers. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males in most Western countries. If prostate cancer is diagnosed in its early stages, there is a higher probability that it will be completely cured. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a non-specific phosphomonoesterase synthesized in prostate epithelial cells and its level proportionally increases with prostate cancer progression. PAP was the biochemical diagnostic mainstay for prostate cancer until the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which improved the detection of early-stage prostate cancer and largely displaced PAP. Recently, however, there is a renewed interest in PAP because of its usefulness in prognosticating intermediate to high-risk prostate cancers and its success in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Although PAP is believed to be a key regulator of prostate cell growth, its exact role in normal prostate as well as detailed molecular mechanism of PAP regulation is still unclear. Here, many different aspects of PAP in prostate cancer are revisited and its emerging roles in other environment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Young Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Republic of Korea
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Meurer SK, Alsamman M, Scholten D, Weiskirchen R. Endoglin in liver fibrogenesis: Bridging basic science and clinical practice. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:180-203. [PMID: 24921008 PMCID: PMC4050112 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin, also known as cluster of differentiation CD105, was originally identified 25 years ago as a novel marker of endothelial cells. Later it was shown that endoglin is also expressed in pro-fibrogenic cells including mesangial cells, cardiac and scleroderma fibroblasts, and hepatic stellate cells. It is an integral membrane-bound disulfide-linked 180 kDa homodimeric receptor that acts as a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) auxiliary co-receptor. In humans, several hundreds of mutations of the endoglin gene are known that give rise to an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder that is characterized by localized angiodysplasia and arteriovenous malformation. This disease is termed hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type I and induces various vascular lesions, mainly on the face, lips, hands and gastrointestinal mucosa. Two variants of endoglin (i.e., S- and L-endoglin) are formed by alternative splicing that distinguishes from each other in the length of their cytoplasmic tails. Moreover, a soluble form of endoglin, i.e., sol-Eng, is shedded by the matrix metalloprotease-14 that cleaves within the extracellular juxtamembrane region. Endoglin interacts with the TGF-β signaling receptors and influences Smad-dependent and -independent effects. Recent work has demonstrated that endoglin is a crucial mediator during liver fibrogenesis that critically controls the activity of the different Smad branches. In the present review, we summarize the present knowledge of endoglin expression and function, its involvement in fibrogenic Smad signaling, current models to investigate endoglin function, and the diagnostic value of endoglin in liver disease.
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Saroufim A, Messai Y, Hasmim M, Rioux N, Iacovelli R, Verhoest G, Bensalah K, Patard JJ, Albiges L, Azzarone B, Escudier B, Chouaib S. Tumoral CD105 is a novel independent prognostic marker for prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1778-84. [PMID: 24594997 PMCID: PMC3974088 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and metastasis. There are conflicting reports as to whether microvessel density (MVD) using the endothelial marker CD105 (cluster of differentiation molecule 105) in clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) is associated with prognosis. Recently, CD105 has been described as a RCC cancer stem cell marker. Methods: A total of 102 ccRCC were analysed. Representative tumour sections were stained for CD105. Vascularity (endothelial CD105) was quantified by MVD. The immunohistochemistry analysis detected positive (if present) or negative (if absent) CD105 tumoral staining. This retrospective population-based study was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier method, t-test and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: We found that the expression of endothelial CD105 (MVD) negatively correlated with nuclear grade (P<0.001), tumour stage (P<0.001) and Leibovitch score (P<0.001), whereas the expression of tumoral CD105 positively correlated with these three clinicopathological factors (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, tumoral CD105 was found to be an independent predictor of poor overall survival (P=0.002). Conclusions: We have shown for the first time that tumoral CD105 is an independent predictive marker for death risk and unfavourable prognosis in patients with ccRCC after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saroufim
- 1] INSERM U753, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France [2] Medical Oncology department, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Y Messai
- INSERM U753, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - M Hasmim
- INSERM U753, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - N Rioux
- Department of Pathology, Pontchaillou Hospital, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - R Iacovelli
- Medical Oncology department, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - G Verhoest
- Department of Pathology, Pontchaillou Hospital, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - K Bensalah
- Department of Pathology, Pontchaillou Hospital, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - J-J Patard
- 1] INSERM U753, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France [2] Urologic Department, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, 78 rue de General Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - L Albiges
- 1] INSERM U753, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France [2] Medical Oncology department, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - B Azzarone
- Department of Immunology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16100 Genova, Italy
| | - B Escudier
- 1] INSERM U753, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France [2] Medical Oncology department, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - S Chouaib
- INSERM U753, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
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Felgueiras J, Silva JV, Fardilha M. Prostate cancer: the need for biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 15:16-42. [PMID: 24390742 PMCID: PMC3891116 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality have decreased in recent years. Nonetheless, it remains one of the most prevalent cancers in men, being a disquieting cause of men's death worldwide. Changes in many cell signaling pathways have a predominant role in the onset, development, and progression of the disease. These include prominent pathways involved in the growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of the normal prostate gland, such as androgen and estrogen signaling, and other growth factor signaling pathways. Understanding the foundations of PCa is leading to the discovery of key molecules that could be used to improve patient management. The ideal scenario would be to have a panel of molecules, preferably detectable in body fluids, that are specific and sensitive biomarkers for PCa. In the early stages, androgen deprivation is the gold standard therapy. However, as the cancer progresses, it eventually becomes independent of androgens, and hormonal therapy fails. For this reason, androgen-independent PCa is still a major therapeutic challenge. By disrupting specific protein interactions or manipulating the expression of some key molecules, it might be possible to regulate tumor growth and metastasis formation, avoiding the systemic side effects of current therapies. Clinical trials are already underway to assess the efficacy of molecules specially designed to target key proteins or protein interactions. In this review, we address that recent progress made towards understanding PCa development and the molecular pathways underlying this pathology. We also discuss relevant molecular markers for the management of PCa and new therapeutic challenges.
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Duarte CW, Murray K, Lucas FL, Fairfield K, Miller H, Brooks P, Vary CPH. Improved survival outcomes in cancer patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:117-125. [PMID: 24192008 PMCID: PMC3947104 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder characterized by deficiency in endoglin, an angiogenic protein. The net effect of endoglin expression on cancer outcomes from animal studies has proven controversial. We evaluated whether reduced systemic endoglin levels, expected in patients diagnosed with HHT, impacted clinical outcomes for cancer. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare was conducted to evaluate the effect of HHT on survival among patients diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer between 2000 and 2007 (n = 540,520). We generated Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox models to compare the effect of HHT on all-cause survival for a composite of the four cancers, and separate models by cancer, adjusting for demographic variables, cancer type, cancer stage, and comorbidities. RESULTS All-cause survival analysis for a composite of the four cancers showed an adjusted HR of 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.51-0.91; P = 0.009] for HHT, indicating significantly improved survival outcome. When stratified by cancer type, HHT diagnosis showed a significant protective effect among breast cancer patients with an adjusted HR of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.13-0.75; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between HHT and improved survival outcome for a composite of patients with breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer, and in analysis stratified by cancer, the association was significant for HHT patients with breast cancer. IMPACT This study supports the hypothesis that systemically educed endoglin expression is associated with improved survival outcome in multiple cancers, and suggests that anti-endoglin antibody therapy may have broad-based application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Duarte
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Kimberly Murray
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - F Lee Lucas
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Kathleen Fairfield
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Heather Miller
- The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Peter Brooks
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- The Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Scarborough, ME, 04062
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Fukumitsu R, Takagi Y, Yoshida K, Miyamoto S. Endoglin (CD105) is a more appropriate marker than CD31 for detecting microvessels in carotid artery plaques. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4:132. [PMID: 24231754 PMCID: PMC3815080 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.119081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microvascular proliferation is a major risk factor for plaque vulnerability in patients with carotid stenosis. There are several vascular endothelial markers such as CD31 and CD105, but it is unclear which marker is most sensitive for microvessels. This study sought to examine the correlations between CD31 and CD105 expression in microvessels on carotid plaques and clinical manifestations. Methods: We studied 13 lesions in 12 patients. The patients underwent carotid endarterectomy and samples were stained for CD31 and CD105. The numbers of microvessels positive for these markers within a field of view were counted. Results: The average numbers of microvessels were 5.8 ± 5.4 for CD31 and 9.2 ± 9.3 for CD105 (P = 0.04). More microvessels were positive for CD105 than there were for CD31 in patients with diabetes mellitus (P = 0.04). Conclusion: In patients with carotid artery stenosis, CD105 is more appropriate than CD31 for detecting microvessels in carotid plaques. In patients with diabetes mellitus, CD105 is significantly more highly expressed in microvessels than CD31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Fukumitsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Masterson TA, Rice KR, Beck SDW. Current and future biologic markers for disease progression and relapse in testicular germ cell tumors: a review. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:261-71. [PMID: 24035725 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors represent a biologically unique disease process. These tumors are exquisitely sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, can be cured with surgical metastasectomy, and are known for the integration of biologic markers to stage and assign risk. Exploring further biologic markers that offer insight into the molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease biology is important. In this review, we attempt to summarize the utility of the current and some future biologic markers for disease monitoring and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin R Rice
- Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Stephen D W Beck
- Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Breen MJ, Moran DM, Liu W, Huang X, Vary CPH, Bergan RC. Endoglin-mediated suppression of prostate cancer invasion is regulated by activin and bone morphogenetic protein type II receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72407. [PMID: 23967299 PMCID: PMC3742533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) is due to the formation of metastatic disease. Understanding how that process is regulated is therefore critical. We previously demonstrated that endoglin, a type III transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily receptor, suppresses human PCa cell invasion and metastasis. Endoglin-mediated suppression of invasion was also shown by us to be dependent upon the type I TGFβ receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2), and the downstream effector, Smad1. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that two type II TGFβ receptors are required for endoglin-mediated suppression of invasion: activin A receptor type IIA (ActRIIA) and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPRII). Downstream signaling through these receptors is predominantly mediated by Smad1. ActRIIA stimulates Smad1 activation in a kinase-dependent manner, and this is required for suppression of invasion. In contrast BMPRII regulates Smad1 in a biphasic manner, promoting Smad1 signaling through its kinase domain but suppressing it through its cytoplasmic tail. BMPRII’s Smad1-regulatory effects are dependent upon its expression level. Further, its ability to suppress invasion is independent of either kinase function or tail domain. We demonstrate that ActRIIA and BMPRII physically interact, and that each also interacts with endoglin. The current findings demonstrate that both BMPRII and ActRIIA are necessary for endoglin-mediated suppression of human PCa cell invasion, that they have differential effects on Smad1 signaling, that they make separate contributions to regulation of invasion, and that they functionally and physically interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Breen
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Diarmuid M. Moran
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Calvin P. H. Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Raymond C. Bergan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jin Z, Zhao Z, Cheng Y, Dong M, Zhang X, Wang L, Fan X, Feng X, Mori Y, Meltzer SJ. Endoglin promoter hypermethylation identifies a field defect in human primary esophageal cancer. Cancer 2013; 119:3604-9. [PMID: 23893879 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoglin (ENG) is a 180-kilodalton transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a component of the transforming growth factor-β receptor complex. Recently, ENG promoter hypermethylation was reported in several human cancers. METHODS The authors examined ENG promoter hypermethylation using real-time, quantitative, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 260 human esophageal tissues. RESULTS ENG hypermethylation demonstrated highly discriminative receiver operating characteristic curve profiles, clearly distinguishing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) from normal esophagus (P<.01). It is interesting to note that ENG normalized methylation values were significantly higher in ESCC compared with normal tissue (P<.01) or EAC (P<.01). The ENG hypermethylation frequency was 46.2% in ESCC and 11.9% in normal esophageal tissue, but increased early and sequentially during EAC-associated neoplastic progression to 13.3% in Barrett metaplasia (BE), 25% in dysplastic BE, and 26.9% in frank EAC. ENG hypermethylation was significantly higher in normal esophageal tissue from patients with ESCC (mean, 0.0186) than in normal tissue from patients with EAC (mean, 0.0117; P<.05). Treatment of KYSE220 ESCC cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was found to reverse ENG methylation and reactivate ENG mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Promoter hypermethylation of ENG appears to be a frequent, tissue-specific event in human ESCC and exhibits a field defect with promising biomarker potential for the early detection of ESCC. In addition, ENG hypermethylation occurs in a subset of human EAC, and early during BE-associated esophageal neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micromolecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Wu G, Chen L, Zhu G, Wang Y. Low-intensity ultrasound accelerates mandibular implant bone integration in dogs with mandibular osteoradionecrosis. J Surg Res 2013; 182:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oliveira-Neto HH, Gleber-Netto FO, de Sousa SF, França CM, Aguiar MCF, Silva TA, Batista AC. A comparative study of microvessel density in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and lip. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 113:391-8. [PMID: 22669145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the density of lymphatic vessels (LVD) and neoformed microvessels (NMVD) in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OCSCC) and lip (LSCC). Association between LVD/NMVD and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/-C was also assessed. STUDY DESIGN OCSCC and LSCC were compared with regard to immunoexpression of LVD, NMVD, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)-A/-C. Association between VEGF-A/-C with vascularity was also assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using t test, Pearson χ(2), and Mann-Whitney tests. Statistical significance was accepted at P less than .05. RESULTS The NMVD and VEGF-C expressions were significantly higher in OCSCC compared with LSCC. NMVD was associated with VEGF-C in OCSCC, but not in LSCC. CONCLUSIONS Differences in NMVD and VEGF-C were found between OCSCC and LSCC. Positive association between VEGF-C and NMVD was observed in OCSCC, but not in LSCC, which may be one of the contributing factors that account for the distinctive clinical-biological behavior of these lesions.
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Wang JJ, Sun XC, Hu L, Liu ZF, Yu HP, Li H, Wang SY, Wang DH. Endoglin (CD105) expression on microvessel endothelial cells in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: tissue microarray analysis and association with prognostic significance. Head Neck 2013; 35:1719-25. [PMID: 23471755 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine endoglin (CD105) expression on microvessel endothelial cells (ECs) in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) and its relationship with recurrence. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CD105 expression in a tissue microarray from 70 patients with JNA. Correlation between CD105 expression on microvessel ECs and clinicopathological features, as well as tumor recurrence, were analyzed. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed CD105 expression on ECs but not in stroma of patients with JNA. Chi-square analysis indicated CD105-based microvessel density (MVD) was correlated with JNA recurrence (p = .013). Univariate and multivariate analyses determined that MVD was a significant predictor of time to recurrence (p = .009). The CD105-based MVD was better for predicting disease recurrence (AUROC: 0.673; p = .036) than other clinicopathological features. CONCLUSIONS MVD is a useful predictor for poor prognosis of patients with JNA after curative resection. Angiogenesis, which may play an important role in the occurrence and development of JNA, is therefore a potential therapeutic target for JNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Anderberg C, Cunha SI, Zhai Z, Cortez E, Pardali E, Johnson JR, Franco M, Páez-Ribes M, Cordiner R, Fuxe J, Johansson BR, Goumans MJ, Casanovas O, ten Dijke P, Arthur HM, Pietras K. Deficiency for endoglin in tumor vasculature weakens the endothelial barrier to metastatic dissemination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:563-79. [PMID: 23401487 PMCID: PMC3600899 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-induced resistance remains a significant hurdle to achieve long-lasting responses and cures in cancer patients. We investigated the long-term consequences of genetically impaired angiogenesis by engineering multiple tumor models deprived of endoglin, a co-receptor for TGF-β in endothelial cells actively engaged in angiogenesis. Tumors from endoglin-deficient mice adapted to the weakened angiogenic response, and refractoriness to diminished endoglin signaling was accompanied by increased metastatic capability. Mechanistic studies in multiple mouse models of cancer revealed that deficiency for endoglin resulted in a tumor vasculature that displayed hallmarks of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process of previously unknown significance in cancer biology, but shown by us to be associated with a reduced capacity of the vasculature to avert tumor cell intra- and extravasation. Nevertheless, tumors deprived of endoglin exhibited a delayed onset of resistance to anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agents, illustrating the therapeutic utility of combinatorial targeting of multiple angiogenic pathways for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Anderberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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