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Alpkent YN, Ferizli AG. Monitoring detoxification enzyme levels and resistance of Tetranychus urticae against some METI-group chemicals in Türkiye cotton fields. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 93:211-227. [PMID: 38864992 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Acaricides used against Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) in cotton fields cause control failure over time. To determine the resistance status of T. urticae populations to tebufenpyrad and bifenazate, different populations collected from Aydın (AYD), Adana (ADA), Şanlıurfa (SAN), and Diyarbakır (DIY) provinces of Türkiye, between 2019 and 2020, were subjected to diagnostic dose bioassays. Firstly, the spider mites were eliminated with a discriminating dose. Afterwards, LC50 and LC90 of the remaining populations were determined and the ten highest resistant populations were selected. The highest phenotypic resistance to bifenazate was observed in AYD4 and DIY2 (LC50 57.14 mg L- 1 with 85.01-fold and LC50 30.15 mg L- 1with 44.86-fold, respectively), while the lowest phenotypic resistance was found in SAN6 (LC50 1.5 mg L- 1; 2.28-fold). Considering the phenotypic resistance to tebufenpyrad, the highest resistance was found in AYD4 population (LC50 96.81 mg L- 1; 12.92-fold), while the lowest - in DIY28 population (LC50 21.23 mg L- 1; 2.83-fold). In pharmacokinetic studies, the ADA16 population was compared with the sensitive German Susceptible Strain population and it was determined that carboxylesterase activity was statistically higher (1.46 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg protein enzyme activation 2.70-fold). The highest activation of glutathione S-transferase was detected in ADA16 (1.49 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mg protein; 2.32-fold). No mutations were found in PSST (METI 1), the point mutation site for tebufenpyrad, and Cytb (METI 3), the point mutation site for bifenazate. In terms of phenotypic resistance, bifenazate was found to be moderately resistant in two populations (85.01 and 44.86-fold), while tebufenpyrad was moderately resistant in one population (12.92-fold). This study showed that both acaricides are still effective against T. urticae populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Nazım Alpkent
- Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ankara, Yenimahalle, 06172, Türkiye.
| | - Ahmet Güray Ferizli
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Diskapi, 06110, Türkiye
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2
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Rizzo R, Ragusa E, Benelli G, Lo Verde G, Zeni V, Maggi F, Petrelli R, Spinozzi E, Ferrati M, Sinacori M, Tsolakis H. Lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:967-977. [PMID: 37822147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a polyphagous and damaging pest, presenting several resistant populations worldwide. Among new and more environmentally friendly control tools, botanical pesticides represent a valuable alternative to synthetic ones within integrated pest management strategies. Accordingly, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of carlina oxide isolated from Carlina acaulis (Asteraceae) roots on T. urticae and its natural enemy, the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor). RESULTS Carlina oxide (98.7% pure compound) was used for acaricidal tests on eggs, nymphs, and adult females of T. urticae (concentrations of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L-1 ), and eggs and females of N. californicus (1250 and 5000 μL L-1 on eggs and females, respectively). Behavioral two-choice tests were also conducted on phytoseiid females. Carlina oxide toxicity was higher on T. urticae females than nymphs (median lethal dose 1145 and 1825 μL L-1 , respectively), whereas egg mortality and mean hatching time were significantly affected by all tested concentrations. A decreasing daily oviposition rate for T. urticae was recorded with concentrations ranging from 625 to 5000 μL L-1 , whereas negative effects on the population growth rate were recorded only with the three higher concentrations (1250, 2500 and 5000 μL L-1 ). No toxic effect on N. californicus females was found, but a strong repellent activity lasting for 48 h from application was recorded. CONCLUSION Carlina oxide reduced longevity and fecundity of T. urticae adults, but not of N. californicus. This selective property allows us to propose it as a novel active ingredient of ecofriendly acaricides for T. urticae management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rizzo
- CREA - Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ernesto Ragusa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lo Verde
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Milko Sinacori
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Haralabos Tsolakis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Unzue A, Caballero CJ, Villanueva M, Fernández AB, Caballero P. Multifunctional Properties of a Bacillus thuringiensis Strain (BST-122): Beyond the Parasporal Crystal. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110768. [PMID: 36356018 PMCID: PMC9695252 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical products still represent the most common form of controlling crop pests and diseases. However, their extensive use has led to the selection of resistances. This makes the finding of new solutions paramount to countering the economic losses that pests and diseases represent in modern agriculture. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most reliable alternatives to chemical-based solutions. In this study, we aimed to further expand the global applicability of Bt strains beyond their spores and crystals. To this end, we selected a new Bt strain (BST-122) with relevant toxicity factors and tested its activity against species belonging to different phyla. The spore and crystal mixture showed toxicity to coleopterans. Additionally, a novel Cry5-like protein proved active against the two-spotted spider mite. In vivo and plant assays revealed significant control of the parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Surprisingly, our data indicated that the nematocidal determinants may be secreted. When evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi, the strain seemed to decelerate their growth. Overall, our research has highlighted the potential of Bt strains, expanding their use beyond the confinements of spores and crystals. However, further studies are required to pinpoint the factors responsible for the wide host range properties of the BST-122 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argine Unzue
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noáin, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Caballero
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noáin, Spain
| | - Maite Villanueva
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noáin, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Fernández
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110 Noáin, Spain
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Chen JC, Ma ZZ, Gong YJ, Cao LJ, Wang JX, Guo SK, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Toxicity and Control Efficacy of an Organosilicone to the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae and Its Crop Hosts. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040341. [PMID: 35447783 PMCID: PMC9028738 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organosilicone molecules represent important components of surfactants added to pesticides to improve pest control efficiency, but these molecules also have pesticidal properties in their own right. Here, we examined toxicity and control efficacy of Silwet 408, a trisiloxane ethoxylate-based surfactant, to the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae and its crop hosts. Silwet 408 was toxic to nymphs and adults of TSSM but did not affect eggs. Field trials showed that the control efficacy of 1000 mg/L Silwet 408 aqueous solution reached 96% one day after spraying but declined to 54% 14 days after spraying, comparable to 100 mg/L cyetpyrafen, a novel acaricide. A second spraying of 1000 mg/L Silwet 408 maintained control efficacy at 97% when measured 14 days after spraying. However, Silwet 408 was phytotoxic to eggplant, kidney bean, cucumber, and strawberry plants, although phytotoxicity to strawberry plants was relatively low and declined further seven days after application. Our study showed that while the organosilicone surfactant Silwet 408 could be used to control the TSSM, its phytotoxicity to crops should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China; (J.-C.C.); (Z.-Z.M.); (Y.-J.G.); (L.-J.C.); (J.-X.W.); (S.-K.G.)
| | - Zhong-Zheng Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China; (J.-C.C.); (Z.-Z.M.); (Y.-J.G.); (L.-J.C.); (J.-X.W.); (S.-K.G.)
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China; (J.-C.C.); (Z.-Z.M.); (Y.-J.G.); (L.-J.C.); (J.-X.W.); (S.-K.G.)
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China; (J.-C.C.); (Z.-Z.M.); (Y.-J.G.); (L.-J.C.); (J.-X.W.); (S.-K.G.)
| | - Jia-Xu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China; (J.-C.C.); (Z.-Z.M.); (Y.-J.G.); (L.-J.C.); (J.-X.W.); (S.-K.G.)
| | - Shao-Kun Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China; (J.-C.C.); (Z.-Z.M.); (Y.-J.G.); (L.-J.C.); (J.-X.W.); (S.-K.G.)
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia;
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China; (J.-C.C.); (Z.-Z.M.); (Y.-J.G.); (L.-J.C.); (J.-X.W.); (S.-K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-5150-3439
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Shang S, Chang Y, Li WZ, Chang-Qing W, Peng-Cheng N. Effects of B-azolemiteacrylic on life-history traits and demographic parameters of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 86:61-71. [PMID: 34783937 PMCID: PMC8702512 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate sublethal effects of B-azolemiteacrylic on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Female adults of T. urticae were exposed to LC10 and LC30 of the acaricide, and the effects on treated females and their offspring were evaluated. The results showed that the fecundity of F0 female adults treated with LC10 and LC30 of B-azolemiteacrylic was reduced by 30.9 and 39.2%, respectively. Longevity and oviposition period of the females were significantly reduced as well. The developmental duration of egg and deutonymph stage of the F1 generation were not significantly different from that of the control. The protonymph stage after LC30 treatment lasted significantly longer, whereas the larva, deutonymph and female stage were significantly shorter than the control. The oviposition period of the F1 generation was significantly shortened, the fecundity of each female decreased significantly, and the ratio of female-to-male was reduced too. Moreover, the average generation period of T. urticae after LC10 and LC30 treatments was shorter than that of the control, and the net production rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were all reduced by 33.3, 7.5 and 1.9% (LC10 treatment) and by 51.3, 14.8 and 3.6% (LC30 treatment), respectively. The population doubling time was prolonged by 7.5 and 14.8% after LC10 and LC30 treatments, respectively, compared with the control. These results indicate that B-azolemiteacrylic may effectively inhibit the development rate of the F0 and F1 populations of T. urticae, which will help design integrated strategies for the comprehensive control of T. urticae and rational use of pesticides in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Shang
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yun Chang
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Li
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wang Chang-Qing
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Nie Peng-Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Garlet CG, Moreira RP, Gubiani PDS, Palharini RB, Farias JR, Bernardi O. Fitness Cost of Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Host Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:898-908. [PMID: 34018549 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) is a polyphagous pest of global relevance due to the damage it inflicts on agricultural crops. In South American countries, this species is one of the principal pests of maize and cotton. Currently, S. frugiperda is also emerging as an important pest of soybeans and winter cereals in Brazil. Chemical control is one of the main control tactics against S. frugiperda, even though resistance against numerous modes of action insecticides has been reported. To support insect resistance management programs, we evaluated the fitness costs of resistance of S. frugiperda to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos. Fitness costs were quantified by comparing biological parameters of chlorpyrifos-resistant and -susceptible S. frugiperda and their F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) on non-Bt cotton, non-Bt maize, non-Bt soybean, and oats. The results revealed that the chlorpyrifos-resistant genotype showed lower pupa-to-adult and egg-to-adult survivorship and reduced larval weights on oats; longer neonate-to-pupa and egg-to-adult developmental periods, and lower pupal weights and fecundity on maize; lower pupal weights on soybean; and reduced fecundity on cotton compared with the chlorpyrifos-susceptible genotype. Fitness costs also affected fertility life table parameters of the resistant genotype, increasing the mean length of a generation on cotton and maize and reducing the potential for population growth on all hosts. These findings suggest fitness costs at the individual and population levels of chlorpyrifos resistance in S. frugiperda, indicating that removal of the selective agent from the environment would result in reduced resistance and opportunities for the restoration of susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cínthia G Garlet
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella P Moreira
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia da S Gubiani
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ramon B Palharini
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano R Farias
- Department of Crop Protection, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay (URI), Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98902-470, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
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Susceptibility to Acaricides and the Frequencies of Point Mutations in Etoxazole- and Pyridaben-Resistant Strains and Field Populations of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070660. [PMID: 34357320 PMCID: PMC8306671 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is a major agricultural pest worldwide and is known to rapidly develop resistance to pesticides. In the present study, we explored a field strain that was collected in 2000 and 2003 and has been exhibiting resistance to etoxazole and pyridaben over the last 16 years. The resistance ratios of the etoxazole- and pyridaben-resistant strains (ER and PR) to etoxazole or pyridaben were more than 5,000,000- and 4109.6-fold higher than that of the susceptible strain, respectively. All field-collected populations showed resistance to etoxazole and pyridaben. The ER and PR strains showed cross-resistance to several acaricides. Both I1017F and H92R point mutations were detected in 7 out of 8 field groups. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen resulted in more than 77.5% mortality in the 8 field groups. In addition, the genotype frequency of the I1017F point mutation was 100.0% in the ER strain, and that of the H92R point mutation was 97.0% in the PR strain. All of the field populations were found to have a high frequency of I1017F. These results suggest that the observation of resistance patterns will help in designing a sustainable IPM program for T. urticae.
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Yaghoobi R, Khajehali J, Alavijeh ES, Nauen R, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. Fenpyroximate resistance in Iranian populations of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 83:69-79. [PMID: 33165750 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), is one of the most important apple orchard pests worldwide. Fenpyroximate, a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor of complex I (METI-I), is a commonly used acaricide to control this pest. In this study, we determined fenpyroximate resistance levels for 11 P. ulmi populations from Iran and a spirodiclofen-resistant strain from Germany (PSR-TK). The LC50 values ranged between 121.8 and 5713.9 mg a.i. L-1 and the highest resistance ratio (RR) was 47-fold for the Padena population. PBO, TPP and DEM synergist ratios (SRs) were the highest for the PSR-TK (SR = 6.7), Shahin Dej (SR = 6.1) and Semirom3 (SR = 3.6) populations, respectively. In vitro enzyme activity measurements also showed that there was a higher glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity in the PSR-TK and Shahin Dej population compared to the most susceptible populations, whereas the esterase and P450 monooxygenase activity were not significantly higher in the resistant populations. Last, we screened all populations for the presence of two mutations previously associated with METI-I resistance in spider mites but none of these mutations could be detected. To conclude, moderate to high levels of fenpyroximate resistance were observed in P. ulmi populations from Iran, with increased detoxification most likely underlying fenpyroximate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Yaghoobi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jahangir Khajehali
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Shafiei Alavijeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division, R&D, Pest Control, Bayer AG, Building 6260, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Pachú JKS, Macedo FCO, da Silva FB, Malaquias JB, Ramalho FS, Oliveira RF, Godoy WAC. Imidacloprid-mediated stress on non-Bt and Bt cotton, aphid and ladybug interaction: Approaches based on insect behaviour, fluorescence, dark respiration and plant electrophysiology. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127561. [PMID: 33296994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants and insects are parts of a complex system that involves interactions among many trophic levels, and it is important to understand the nature of such interactions. In the complex of interactions involving aphids and transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis, both the spraying of neonicotinoids and the occurrence of predatory coccinellids are common. However, there are gaps regarding the knowledge about possible impacts of neonicotinoids on physiological variables of the host plant and behavioural traits of the aphid (Aphis gossypii) and predator (Cycloneda sanguinea). Therefore, this study aimed to highlight the photosynthetic and electrical responses of the plant to the stress caused by the aphid attack combined with the stress generated by the use of imidacloprid in Bt and non-Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars and to evaluate how this stress can influence the behavioural ecology of the predator and prey. Chlorophyll a fluorescence tests, dark respiration and electrophysiology on non-Bt and Bt cotton were carried out, the behaviour of the prey and predator was also evaluated with a video capture system. Our research is a study model that generates insights about possible impacts when using Imidacloprid without the occurrence of the pest on the plant, because the exposure of non-Bt and Bt cotton plants and the predator to imidacloprid unnecessarily, may result in stress on the physiology of the cotton plants and on the behaviour of the predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica K S Pachú
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francynes C O Macedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábia B da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B Malaquias
- Department of Biostatistics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Ramalho
- Biological Control Unit, Embrapa Algodão, Av. Osvaldo Cruz, 1143 Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58107-720, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley A C Godoy
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dang M, Liu M, Huang L, Ou X, Long C, Liu X, Ren Y, Zhang P, Huang M, Liu A. Design, synthesis, and bioactivities of novel pyridazinone derivatives containing
2‐phenylthiazole
or oxazole skeletons. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dang
- Department of Resources and Environment Hunan Nonferrous Metals Vocational and Technical College Zhuzhou China
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
| | - Minhua Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Agrochemicals Changsha China
| | - Lu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan J & F Test Co., Ltd. Changsha China
| | - Xiaoming Ou
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan J & F Test Co., Ltd. Changsha China
| | - Chuyun Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan J & F Test Co., Ltd. Changsha China
| | - Xingping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Agrochemicals Changsha China
| | - Yeguo Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Agrochemicals Changsha China
| | - Ping Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan J & F Test Co., Ltd. Changsha China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Agrochemicals Changsha China
| | - Aiping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry Changsha China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Agrochemicals Changsha China
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11
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Alavijeh ES, Khajehali J, Snoeck S, Panteleri R, Ghadamyari M, Jonckheere W, Bajda S, Saalwaechter C, Geibel S, Douris V, Vontas J, Van Leeuwen T, Dermauw W. Molecular and genetic analysis of resistance to METI-I acaricides in Iranian populations of the citrus red mite Panonychus citri. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:73-84. [PMID: 32284140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri, is a major pest on citrus all around the world. Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitors of complex I (METI-I) acaricides such as fenpyroximate have been used extensively to control P. citri populations, which resulted in multiple reports of METI-I resistant populations in the field. In this study, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of fenpyroximate resistance were investigated in P. citri. Seven populations were collected from Northern provinces of Iran. Resistance ratios were determined and reached up to 75-fold in comparison to a fenpyroximate susceptible population. Cross-resistance to two additional METI-I acaricides, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad, was detected. PBO synergism experiments, in vivo enzyme assays and gene expression analysis suggest a minor involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in fenpyroximate resistance, which is in contrast with many reported cases for the closely related Tetranychus urticae. Next, we determined the frequency of a well-known mutation in the target-site of METI-Is, the PSST subunit, associated with METI-I resistance. Indeed, the H92R substitution was detected in a highly fenpyroximate resistant P. citri population. Additionally, a new amino acid substitution at a conserved site in the PSST subunit was detected, A94V, with higher allele frequencies in a moderately resistant population. Marker-assisted back-crossing in a susceptible background confirmed the potential involvement of the newly discovered A94V mutation in fenpyroximate resistance. However, introduction of the A94V mutation in the PSST homologue of D. melanogaster using CRISPR-Cas9 did not result in fenpyroximate resistant flies. In addition, differences in binding curves between METI-Is and complex I measured directly, in isolated transgenic and wildtype mitochondria preparations, could not be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Shafiei Alavijeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jahangir Khajehali
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Panteleri
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mohammad Ghadamyari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabina Bajda
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sven Geibel
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Leviticus K, Cui L, Ling H, Jia ZQ, Huang QT, Han ZJ, Zhao CQ, Xu L. Lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner on the two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:888-893. [PMID: 31429178 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch is a serious agricultural pest and has developed high levels of resistance to many acaricides. Hence, screening new acaricides is important in the control of TSSM. Fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline, has high activity against agricultural and ectoparasitic pests; however, little information is available about its effects on agricultural mites. Lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner towards TSSM eggs and female adults were therefore evaluated in this study. RESULTS Fluralaner exhibited higher activity towards TSSM female adults (LC50 , 0.49 mg L-1 ) compared with commercial acaricides including fenpyroximate, pyridaben and hexythiazox, and also excellent activity towards eggs (LC50 , 0.36 mg L-1 ). The results of a sublethal effect study showed a significant reduction in the duration and fecundity of female adults with increases in the tested concentrations. The net reproductive rate (R0 ) decreased to 67.34 ± 3.96 and 50.29 ± 3.40 offspring per individual in LC10 and LC30 treatments compared with control (108.31 ± 7.61 offspring per individual). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) in the controls (0.30 and 1.36 d-1 ) were significantly higher than in the LC30 treatment (0.25 and 1.29 d-1 ); whereas, they were almost identical to values for the LC10 treatment. No change in mean generation time (T) was observed at sublethal concentrations treatments. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that fluralaner has high acaricidal activity and could be considered a potential acaricide for TSSM management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipchoge Leviticus
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ling
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu-Tang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops in Eastern China (Ministry of Agriculture of China), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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13
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da Silveira EC, Reis PR, Siqueira MF, Toledo MA, Liska GR, Cirillo MÂ. Functional response of Euseius concordis feeding on Oligonychus ilicis (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 80:215-226. [PMID: 31907695 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), commonly known as the southern red mite, or as the coffee red spider mite in Brazil, is one of the main species of herbivorous mites that causes serious damage to coffee plants (Coffea spp.) and thus negatively affects coffee production. Among the biocontrol agents, predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae play an important role in many biological control programs worldwide due to their potential as suppressor of mite populations mainly from the family Tetranychidae. One of the phytoseiid mites usually associated with O. ilicis is Euseius concordis (Chant), which often occurs abundantly in the coffee crops of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This study was conducted to assess the predation potential of E. concordis feeding on the larvae and nymph stages of O. ilicis on coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). Logistic regression analysis revealed a Holling type II functional response, showing that the number of O. ilicis killed by E. concordis increased gradually as the density of O. ilicis increased. Average daily oviposition also increased with prey densities above 6.3 mites/cm2, indicating that maximum oviposition rate is about 1 egg/day. Results of this study suggest that E. concordis has the potential to reduce O. ilicis populations, and this predatory mite can therefore be considered an important natural enemy of the pest O. ilicis in coffee plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Rebelles Reis
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais - EPAMIG Sul de Minas/EcoCentro, and CNPq, PO Box 176, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
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14
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Ghasemzadeh S, Qureshi JA. Demographic analysis of fenpyroximate and thiacloprid exposed predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206030. [PMID: 30439960 PMCID: PMC6237301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the impact of pesticides on predators is crucial for developing integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a predatory mite used to control several species of pest including Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and arthropods. T. urticae is a major pest of multiple greenhouse-grown and field crops including apples in Iran. Lethal and sublethal effects of fenpyroximate and thiacloprid were investigated on A. swirskii, using these chemicals separately at recommended rates or in combination at reduced rates. Recommended tested rates of both pesticides negatively influenced the biological parameters of A. swirskii such as the net reproductive rate (R0) and the intrinsic rate of increase (r). However, the combined treatment of the two pesticides at their reduced rates was less hazardous to A. swirskii. Our findings indicate that the combined use of these chemicals may be compatible with IPM programs utilizing A. swirskii as biological control tool against phytophagous mites and other pests. However, semifield and field studies to investigate the effects of reduced rate treatments of fenpyroximate and thiacloprid alone and in combination on T. urticae and A. swirskii are required for developing IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghasemzadeh
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SG); (JQ)
| | - Jawwad A. Qureshi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SG); (JQ)
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15
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Mboyi CD, Testa C, Reeb S, Genc S, Cattey H, Fleurat-Lessard P, Roger J, Hierso JC. Building Diversity in ortho-Substituted s-Aryltetrazines By Tuning N-Directed Palladium C–H Halogenation: Unsymmetrical Polyhalogenated and Biphenyl s-Aryltetrazines. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 CEDEX Paris, France
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16
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Wu L, Huo X, Zhou X, Zhao D, He W, Liu S, Liu H, Feng T, Wang C. Acaricidal Activity and Synergistic Effect of Thyme Oil Constituents against Carmine Spider Mite (Tetranychus Cinnabarinus (Boisduval)). Molecules 2017; 22:E1873. [PMID: 29104267 PMCID: PMC6150358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies examining the use of essential oils as replacements for synthetic insecticides require an understanding of the contribution of each constituent present, interactions among these components, and how they relate to overall toxicity. In the present study, the chemical composition of commercial thyme oil was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thyme oil and blends of its major constituents were tested for their acaricidal activitities against carmine spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)) using a slide-dip bioassay. Natural thyme oil showed greater toxicity than any single constituent or blend of constituents. Thymol was the most abundant component (34.4%), and also possessed the strongest acaricidal activity compared with other single constituents. When tested individually, four constituents (linalool, terpinene, p-cymene and carvacrol) also had activity, while α-pinene, benzoic acid and ethyl gallate had almost no activity. The toxicity of blends of selected constituents indicated a synergistic effect among the putatively active and inactive constituents, with the presence of all constituents necessary to reach the highest toxicity. The results indicated that thyme oil and some of its major constituents have the potential to be developed into botanical acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xin Huo
- Agro Technical Extension Center of Altay Prefecture, Altay 836500, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Duoyong Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Weizhong He
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shenghong Liu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hejiang Liu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Ting Feng
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China.
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17
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Wei P, Feng K, Niu J, Shen G, Lu W, Xiao W, Wang J, Smagghe GJ, Xu Q, He L. High Gama-Aminobutyric Acid Contents Involved in Abamectin Resistance and Predation, an Interesting Phenomenon in Spider Mites. Front Physiol 2017; 8:216. [PMID: 28443033 PMCID: PMC5387048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abamectin has been widely used as an insecticide/acaricide for more than 30 years because of its superior bioactivity. Recently, an interesting phenomenon was identified in the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, an important pest in agriculture. The gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in a laboratory abamectin resistant strain of T. cinnabarinus (AbR) were significantly increased. Decreases in activity and mRNA expression of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) were responsible for GABA accumulation in AbR mites. To clarify the mechanism of GABA accumulation mediated abamectin resistance, three artificial approaches were conducted to increase GABA contents in susceptible mites, including feeding of vigabatrin (a specific inhibitor of GABA-T), feeding of exogenous GABA, and inhibition of GABA-T gene expression. The results showed that susceptible mites developed resistance to abamectin when the GABA contents were artificially increased. We also observed that the mites with higher GABA contents moved more slowly, which is consistent with the fact that GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in arthropods. Subsequently, functional response assays revealed that predation rates of predatory mites on GABA accumulated abamectin-resistant mites were much higher than control groups. The tolerance to abamectin, slow crawling speed, and vulnerability to predators were all resulted from GABA accumulation. This relationship between GABA and predation was also confirmed in a field-collected population. Our finding indicates that predatory mites might be used as a tool for biological control to circumvent the development of abamectin resistance in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wencai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Guy J Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian UniversityAbilene, TX, USA
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
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18
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Ditillo JL, Kennedy GG, Walgenbach JF. Effects of Insecticides and Fungicides Commonly Used in Tomato Production on Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phtyoseiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2298-2308. [PMID: 27986934 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an important pest of tomatoes in North Carolina. Resident populations of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis have recently been detected on field-grown tomatoes in central North Carolina, and potentially can be a useful biological control agent against T. urticae Laboratory bioassays were used to assess lethal and reproductive effects of 10 insecticides and five fungicides commonly used in commercial tomato production (chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, permethrin, imidacloprid, dimethoate, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, boscalid, cyazofamid, and mancozeb) on P. persimilis adult females and eggs. Insecticides were tested using concentrations equivalent to 1×, 0.5×, and 0.1× of the recommended field rates. Fungicides were tested at the 1× rate only. Dimethoate strongly impacted P. persimilis with high adult mortality, reduced fecundity, and reduced hatch of eggs laid by treated adults, particularly at high concentrations. The pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, and fenpropathrin were associated with repellency and reproductive effects at high concentrations. Bifenthrin additionally caused increased mortality at high concentrations. Chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, and permethrin did not significantly affect mortality or reproduction. Imidacloprid significantly reduced fecundity and egg viability, but was not lethal to adult P. persimilis Thiamethoxam negatively impacted fecundity at the 1× rate. There were no negative effects associated with fungicide exposure with the exception of mancozeb, which impacted fecundity. Field trials were conducted to explore the in vivo impacts of screened insecticides on P. persimilis populations in the field. Field trials supported the incompatibility of dimethoate with P. persimilis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ditillo
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 (; )
| | - G G Kennedy
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 (; )
| | - J F Walgenbach
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, Mills River, NC 28759 ,
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19
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Xie W, Wu Q, Wang S. Sublethal effects of spinetoram on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 132:102-107. [PMID: 27521920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a serious pest of many agricultural crops and ornamental plants. The sublethal effects of a new chemical, spinetoram, on T. urticae were investigated by treating adult females and eggs with LC10 and LC20 in the laboratory. The data were assessed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. The results showed that T. urticae developmental time from egg to adult was reduced and that fecundity was increased by treatment with LC10 and LC20 of spinetoram. The LC10 and LC20 of spinetoram also increased the intrinsic and finite rate of increase and the net reproductive rate and reduced the mean generation time, egg duration, and larval duration whether eggs or adult females were treated. These laboratory results suggest that sublethal or lethal doses of spinetoram may cause outbreaks of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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20
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Bai SH, Ogbourne S. Eco-toxicological effects of the avermectin family with a focus on abamectin and ivermectin. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:204-214. [PMID: 27058912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Avermectin family members are categorised as highly effective but toxic natural products that are used as pharmaceuticals in both humans and animals and for crop protection. Abamectin and ivermectin are the two most commonly used compounds from this family with abamectin the only compound to be used for both crop protection and pharmaceutical purposes. Avermectins are produced by the soil dwelling actinomycetes Streptomyces avermitilis and despite having complex chemical structures, they are manufactured via synthesis in large scales for commercial use. Although the extent of the eco-toxicological effects of avermectins is not well documented, reports of eco-toxicity exist. Avermectins have short half-lives and their residues can be eliminated through different food processing methods. However, avermectins can persist in water, sediment, soil and food products and therefore management practices that reduce the potential risks associated with eco-toxicity of these highly toxic compounds need to be further developed. This manuscript provides a critical review of the eco-toxicological risks and the potential for food contamination associated with avermectin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Hosseini Bai
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia.
| | - Steven Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
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Testa C, Gigot É, Genc S, Decréau R, Roger J, Hierso JC. Ortho-Functionalized Aryltetrazines by Direct Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Halogenation: Application to Fast Electrophilic Fluorination Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5555-9. [PMID: 27010438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A general catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of s-tetrazines is reported. Under mild reaction conditions, N-directed ortho-C-H activation of tetrazines allows the introduction of various functional groups, thus forming carbon-heteroatom bonds: C-X (X=I, Br, Cl) and C-O. Based on this methodology, we developed electrophilic mono- and poly-ortho-fluorination of tetrazines. Microwave irradiation was optimized to afford fluorinated s-aryltetrazines, with satisfactory selectivity, within only ten minutes. This work provides an efficient and practical entry for further accessing highly substituted tetrazine derivatives (iodo, bromo, chloro, fluoro, and acetate precursors). It gives access to ortho-functionalized aryltetrazines which are difficult to obtain by classical Pinner-like syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Testa
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France
| | - Élodie Gigot
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France
| | - Semra Genc
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France
| | - Richard Decréau
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Roger
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France.
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Université de Bourgogne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9, avenue Alain Savary, 21078, Dijon, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, 75005, Paris Cedex, France.
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Testa C, Gigot É, Genc S, Decréau R, Roger J, Hierso J. Ortho
‐Functionalized Aryltetrazines by Direct Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Halogenation: Application to Fast Electrophilic Fluorination Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Testa
- Université de Bourgogne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302 Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Élodie Gigot
- Université de Bourgogne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302 Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Semra Genc
- Université de Bourgogne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302 Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Richard Decréau
- Université de Bourgogne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302 Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Julien Roger
- Université de Bourgogne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302 Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
| | - Jean‐Cyrille Hierso
- Université de Bourgogne Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR-CNRS 6302 Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) 9, avenue Alain Savary 21078 Dijon France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) 103 Boulevard Saint Michel 75005 Paris Cedex France
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Lopez L, Smith HA, Hoy MA, Bloomquist JR. Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Fenpyroximate to Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:1047-1053. [PMID: 26470228 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the effects of pesticides on biological control agents is required in order to successfully implement integrated pest management programs. The predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot has been used to control thrips, whiteflies, and broad mites in vegetable production; however, effects of fenpyroximate, an acaricide and insecticide used in vegetable crops, on A. swirskii have not been evaluated. The effect of four residual concentrations of fenpyroximate on A. swirskii females was measured under laboratory conditions including its effect on their fecundity and larval survival. Fresh residues of fenpyroximate were significantly toxic to adult females and larvae. Mortality increased and fecundity decreased as the concentration (0.026-0.208 ml/50 ml of water) and time after treatment (24-120 h) increased. Fifty percent of the larvae survived on the two lower concentrations (0.026 and 0.052 ml/50 ml of water) after 120 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lopez
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 14625 County Rd., 672, Wimauma, FL 33598.
| | - H A Smith
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 14625 County Rd., 672, Wimauma, FL 33598
| | - M A Hoy
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J R Bloomquist
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Emerging Pathogens Institute, 2055 Mowry Rd., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Van Leeuwen T, Tirry L, Yamamoto A, Nauen R, Dermauw W. The economic importance of acaricides in the control of phytophagous mites and an update on recent acaricide mode of action research. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 121:12-21. [PMID: 26047107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acaricides are one of the cornerstones of an efficient control program for phytophagous mites. An analysis of the global acaricide market reveals that spider mites such as Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri and Panonychus ulmi are by far the most economically important species, representing more than 80% of the market. Other relevant mite groups are false spider mites (mainly Brevipalpus), rust and gall mites and tarsonemid mites. Acaricides are most frequently used in vegetables and fruits (74% of the market), including grape vines and citrus. However, their use is increasing in major crops where spider mites are becoming more important, such as soybean, cotton and corn. As revealed by a detailed case study of the Japanese market, major shifts in acaricide use are partially driven by resistance development and the commercial availability of compounds with novel mode of action. The importance of the latter cannot be underestimated, although some compounds are successfully used for more than 30 years. A review of recent developments in mode of action research is presented, as such knowledge is important for devising resistance management programs. This includes spirocyclic keto-enols as inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the carbazate bifenazate as a mitochondrial complex III inhibitor, a novel class of complex II inhibitors, and the mite growth inhibitors hexythiazox, clofentezine and etoxazole that interact with chitin synthase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 9424, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc Tirry
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Research and Development Division, Nippon-soda Co., Ltd., 2-2-1 Ohtemach, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8165, Japan
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer CropScience AG, Research Pest Control, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Alinejad M, Kheradmand K, Fathipour Y. Sublethal effects of fenazaquin on life table parameters of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2014; 64:361-373. [PMID: 24975635 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the impact of acaricides on predatory mites is crucial for integrated pest management programs. The present study evaluated the sublethal effect of fenazaquin (Pride(®) 20 % SC, Behavar, Iran) on life table parameters of the subsequent generation of the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), fed on Tetranychus urticae Koch under laboratory conditions [26 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 3 % RH and 16:8 (L:D) h]. The sublethal concentrations including LC10, LC20 and LC30 were determined using a dose-effect assay. The total development time of both sexes enhanced with an increase in concentration. The oviposition period and total fecundity decreased in dose-dependent manner. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) significantly descended with concentration enhancing from LC10 to LC30, compared with the control. The net reproductive rate (R 0) ranged between 2.76 and 7.37 offspring. Overall, the results indicated that fenazaquin had negative effects on development and life table parameters of the subsequent generation of A. swirskii. In conclusion, fenazaquin is not a compatible acaricide with A. swirskii and should not be used with this predatory mite in integrated management of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Alinejad
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
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Identification and characterization of seven glutathione S-transferase genes from citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24255-70. [PMID: 24351815 PMCID: PMC3876109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is a global citrus pest, and has developed severe resistance to several types of acaricides. However, the molecular mechanisms of resistance in this mite remain unknown. In this study, seven full-length cDNAs encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes were identified and characterized in P. citri. The effects of pyridaben and fenpropathrin exposure on the expression of these genes were also investigated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the seven GSTs genes in P. citri cloned in this study belong to three different cytosolic classes, including four in mu, two in delta and one in zeta. Among these seven GSTs genes, the relative expression level of PcGSTm1 was significantly higher in adult than in the other life stages (egg, larvae and nymph). Compared with the control, the mRNA levels of the seven GST genes did not change significantly following exposure to pyridaben at LC10. However, RT-qPCR results showed that, when exposed to LC10 of fenpropathrin, six GSTs gene (PcGSTm1, PcGSTm3, PcGSTm4, PcGSTd1, PcGSTd2 and PcGSTz1) transcripts increased in a time-dependent manner. This is the first insight into the molecular characteristics of GSTs gene cDNAs in P. citri. The elevated GSTs gene transcripts following exposure to fenpropathrin might be one of the mechanisms involved in detoxification of this acaricide.
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Rezende DDM, Fadini MAM, Oliveira HG, Oliveira CM, Melo JWS, Guedes RNC, Pallini A. Fitness costs associated with low-level dimethoate resistance in Phytoseiulus macropilis. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 60:367-379. [PMID: 23435931 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective predator of tetranychid mites, but there are no data on its response to pesticides. We investigated the resistance of the predatory mite P. macropilis to the acaricides abamectin and dimethoate, and we examined the fitness costs associated with resistance. Two populations were tested: one from conventional cultivation and another from an area not commercially exploited. After the application of acaricides to the predator, we determined the lethal effects of the acaricides, the instantaneous rate of population increase (r(i)), the predation on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its ability to locate prey in an olfactometer. P. macropilis exhibited resistance to dimethoate only. The low level of resistance (9.4x) of the predator did not affect their ability to locate prey. However, the dimethoate resistant population was not as effective in contatining prey population when in lower density and exhibited a more pronounced decrease of r(i) in the presence of this acaricide, due to the reduced oviposition of the predator, a likely consequence of the different genetic background of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D M Rezende
- Departamento de Agronomia; Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil.
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Abstract
Abstract Chitin is the most abundant natural aminopolysaccharide and serves as a structural component of extracellular matrices. It is found in fungal septa, spores, and cell walls, and in arthropod cuticles and peritrophic matrices, squid pens, mollusk shells, nematode egg shells, and some protozoan cyst walls. As prokaryotes, plants and vertebrates including humans do not produce chitin, its synthesis is considered as an attractive target site for fungicides, insecticides, and acaricides. Although no chitin synthesis inhibitor has been developed into a therapeutic drug to treat fungal infections in humans, a larger number of compounds have been successfully launched worldwide to combat arthropod pests in agriculture and forestry. This review summarizes the latest advances on the mode of action of chitin synthesis inhibitors with a special focus on those molecules that act on a postcatalytic step of chitin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Merzendorfer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Tirello P, Pozzebon A, Cassanelli S, Van Leeuwen T, Duso C. Resistance to acaricides in Italian strains of Tetranychus urticae: toxicological and enzymatic assays. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2012; 57:53-64. [PMID: 22447041 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Problems with Tetranychus urticae are frequently reported in protected crops in Italy, particularly in roses where many introduced acaricides show a progressive loss of effectiveness. We have conducted bioassays to assess the response of some Italian strains of T. urticae to a number of acaricides. These include compounds that were widespread and frequently used in the past, but also some recently registered compounds. We investigated two T. urticae strains collected from rose growers where control failures were reported (SAN and PSE), together with a strain collected from unsprayed vegetables (BOSA). Adult females of the rose strains (SAN and PSE) were resistant to tebufenpyrad (Resistant Ratio-RR, RR(50) = 48.4 and 163.6) and fenpyroximate (RR(50) = 74.1 and 25.9) when compared to the susceptible BOSA strain. Lethal concentrations for these products were higher than the registered field rate. The PSE strain proved to be highly resistant to abamectin (RR(50) = 1,294.1). Variation in bifenazate susceptibility was detected amongst strains, but LC(90) values of SAN and PSE were still in the range of the registered field rate. In egg bioassays, the SAN and PSE strains exhibited high resistance levels to clofentezine (RR(50) = 66,473 and 170,714), hexythiazox (RR(50) = 70,244 and 159,493) and flufenoxuron (RR(50) = 61.9 and 117.9). But the recently introduced ovi/larvicides etoxazole and spirodiclofen exhibited high activity on all strains. The activity of detoxifying enzymes such as esterases, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (MFOs) was determined in these strains as a preliminary attempt to identify potential resistance mechanisms. Enzymatic assays showed that the rose strains exhibited 2.66 and 1.95-fold increased MFOs activity compared to the susceptible strain. Assays for GSTs revealed that only the SAN strain exhibited a significantly higher activity. In contrast, only the PSE strain showed a significant higher hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tirello
- Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Science (presently Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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Kramer T, Nauen R. Monitoring of spirodiclofen susceptibility in field populations of European red mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the cross-resistance pattern of a laboratory-selected strain. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:1285-1293. [PMID: 21520486 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophagous mites such as the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), are serious pests in European fruit tree orchards, and a number of acaricides are frequently used to control them. Spirodiclofen (Envidor(®)) has been a commonly used acaricide for several years. In the present study, European field populations collected in 2009 and 2010 were checked for their susceptibility to spirodiclofen by using discriminating dose and full dose response bioassays. RESULTS In 2009 and 2010, a total of 63 field populations (including winter eggs) of European red mites were collected in different European countries, and in several populations from south-western Germany a shifting in susceptibility against spirodiclofen was observed. Full dose response bioassays on different developmental stages of field-collected strains suggested an age-dependent expression of resistance because eggs remain fully susceptible to spirodiclofen. Artificial selection with spirodiclofen of one of the field strains resulted in resistance ratios of > 7000. Synergism studies suggest a possible role of cytochrome-P450-dependent monooxygenases in spirodiclofen detoxification. Most of the other acaricides from different chemical classes displayed no or low cross-resistance in a spirodiclofen-selected strain. CONCLUSION In order to preserve spirodiclofen as an important tool in spider mite resistance management, the efficacy situation should be continuously monitored, and it is suggested that spirodiclofen be alternated with acaricides coming from different mode-of-action classes. An observed age-specific expression of resistance revealed full susceptibility of eggs, so targeting spirodiclofen particularly against eggs is likely to reduce the selection pressures imposed on other life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kramer
- Bayer CropScience AG, Research Insecticides, Monheim, Germany
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Hu J, Wang C, Wang J, You Y, Chen F. Monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and five other acaricides in Panonychus citri collected from Chinese citrus orchards. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:1025-1030. [PMID: 20540074 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most important pesticide-resistant pests in China. In order better to understand its resistance status, six populations of the mite were collected from Chinese citrus orchards for monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and another five acaricides. RESULTS All the samples collected in the field in 2006 were susceptible to spirodiclofen. However, the LC(50) values in populations sampled in 2009 ranged from 3.29 to 418.24 mg L(-1) spirodiclofen, a 127-fold difference between the least and most sensitive populations. Compared with a susceptible strain, 50-fold and 90.8-fold resistance to spirodiclofen was detected in populations sampled from Pinghe and Fuzhou in 2009, as well as cross-resistance to spirotetramat. The LC(50) values for abamectin, fenpropathrin, hexythiazox and pyridaben in the collected samples ranged from 0.041 to 3.52 mg L(-1), from 23.91 to 696.16 mg L(-1), from 13.94 to 334.19 mg L(-1) and from 48.90 to 609.91 mg L(-1) respectively. CONCLUSION Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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Han J, Choi BR, Lee SG, Kim SI, Ahn YJ. Toxicity of plant essential oils to acaricide-susceptible and -resistant Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 103:1293-1298. [PMID: 20857739 DOI: 10.1603/ec09222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of 10 plant essential oils to adults of acaricide-susceptible, chlorfenapyr-resistant (CRT-53), fenpropathrin-resistant (FRT-53), pyridaben-resistant (PRT-53), and abamectin-resistant (ART-53) strains of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and to female Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was examined using spray or vapor-phase mortality bioassays. In bioassay with the susceptible adults, lemon eucalyptus (19.3 microg/cm3) was the most toxic oil, followed by peppermint, citronella Java, thyme red, caraway seed, clove leaf, and pennyroyal oils (LC50, 20.6-23.7 microg/cm3). The toxicity of these oils was almost identical against adults from either of the susceptible and resistant strains, even though CRT-53, FRT-53, PRT-53, and ART-53 adults exhibited high levels of resistance to chlorfenapyr (resistance ratio [RR], > 9,140), fenpropathrin (RR, 94), pyridaben (RR, > 390), and abamectin (RR, 85), respectively. Against female N. californicus, lemon eucalyptus (LC50, 21.4 microg/cm3) was the most toxic oil, whereas the LC50 values of the other nine oils ranged from 23.2 to 72.6 microg/cm3. N. californicus was 1-2 times more tolerant than T. urticae to the test essential oils. Thus, these essential oils merit further study as potential acaricides for the control of acaricide-resistant T. urticae populations as fumigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Kwon DH, Yoon KS, Clark JM, Lee SH. A point mutation in a glutamate-gated chloride channel confers abamectin resistance in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 19:583-591. [PMID: 20522121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and genetics of abamectin resistance mediated by target site insensitivity in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, were investigated by comparing two isogenic abamectin-susceptible (AbaS) and abamectin-resistant (AbaR) strains. Cloning and sequencing of full-length cDNA fragments of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel genes revealed no polymorphisms between the two strains. However, sequence comparison of the full-length cDNA fragment of a T. urticae glutamate-gated chloride channel gene (TuGluCl) identified a G323D point mutation as being tentatively related with abamectin resistance. In individual F(2) progenies obtained by backcrossing, the G323D genotype was confirmed to correlate with abamectin resistance. Bioassays using progeny from reciprocal crossings revealed that the abamectin resistance trait resulting from TuGluCl insensitivity is incompletely recessive.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Van Leeuwen T, Witters J, Nauen R, Duso C, Tirry L. The control of eriophyoid mites: state of the art and future challenges. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2010; 51:205-24. [PMID: 19768561 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of the Eriophyoidea is a large and diverse group of mites, including a number of species of economic importance, mainly on perennial plants in agriculture and forestry. This review focuses on the economic importance and pest status of this group of mites, with emphasis on some genera. The available acaricide portfolio is reviewed and the influence of EU legislation policy on the sustainable control of Eriophyoidea is investigated. Possible generic guidelines for sustainable control and resistance management with special reference to the European situation are discussed. Recent advances in biological and integrated control of eriophyid mite pests and the implementation of these techniques in crops are explored. Furthermore, the relevance of studies on behaviour, epidemiology and diagnostics in general terms and as a strategic necessity is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Stavrinides MC, Van Nieuwenhuyse P, Van Leeuwen T, Mills NJ. Development of acaricide resistance in Pacific spider mite (Tetranychus pacificus) from California vineyards. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2010; 50:243-254. [PMID: 19771398 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, grape growers in California reported failures of acaricides against Tetranychus pacificus McGregor. We collected T. pacificus populations from four vineyards and tested them for resistance to bifenazate, propargite and pyridaben. In addition, we sequenced part of the cytochrome b gene of bifenazate-resistant and -susceptible T. pacificus to test for the presence of mutations reported to confer resistance to the congeneric T. urticae. None of the mutations conferring resistance to bifenazate in T. urticae were present in resistant T. pacificus. Resistance levels ranged from full susceptibility to statistically significant 11-fold resistance to pyridaben, sevenfold resistance to bifenazate and fourfold resistance to propargite compared to a susceptible population. Despite the relatively low levels of resistance detected, we estimated that under the conditions of our study the highest field rates of bifenazate and pyridaben application would cause less than 58 and 66% mortality of adult females in the most resistant populations, respectively. In contrast, field rates of propargite application would cause close to 100% mortality in the least susceptible population. These results highlight a potential link between resistance development and reduced field effectiveness for bifenazate and pyridaben. Finally, T. pacificus may be more tolerant to bifenazate and propargite than T. urticae, since the LC(50) values for the susceptible population of T. pacificus were several times higher than LC(50)'s reported for susceptible T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos C Stavrinides
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
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Khajehali J, Van Leeuwen T, Grispou M, Morou E, Alout H, Weill M, Tirry L, Vontas J, Tsagkarakou A. Acetylcholinesterase point mutations in European strains of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) resistant to organophosphates. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:220-228. [PMID: 19894225 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Tetranychus urticae Koch, acetylcholinesterase insensitivity is often involved in organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CARB) resistance. By combining toxicological, biochemical and molecular data from three reference laboratory and three OP selected strains (OP strains), the AChE1 mutations associated with resistance in T. urticae were characterised. RESULTS The resistance ratios of the OP strains varied from 9 to 43 for pirimiphos-methyl, from 78 to 586 for chlorpyrifos, from 8 to 333 for methomyl and from 137 to 4164 for dimethoate. The insecticide concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the AChE1 activity was, in the OP strains, at least 2.7, 55, 58 and 31 times higher for the OP pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon and omethoate respectively, and 87 times higher for the CARB carbaryl. By comparing the AChE1 sequence, four amino acid substitutions were detected in the OP strains: (1) F331W (Torpedo numbering) in all the three OP strains; (2) T280A found in the three OP strains but not in all clones; (3) G328A, found in two OP strains; (4) A201S found in only one OP strain. CONCLUSIONS Four AChE1 mutations were found in resistant strains of T. urticae, and three of them, F331W, G328A and A201S, are possibly involved in resistance to OP and CARB insecticides. Among them, F331W is probably the most important and the most common in T. urticae. It can be easily detected by the diagnostic PCR-RLFP assay developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Khajehali
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Van Nieuwenhuyse P, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Vanholme B, Tirry L. Mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) confer cross-resistance between bifenazate and acequinocyl. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2009; 65:404-412. [PMID: 19165831 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance of Tetranychus urticae Koch to bifenazate was recently linked with mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b Q(o) pocket, suggesting that bifenazate acts as a Q(o) inhibitor (Q(o)I). Since these mutations might cause cross-resistance to the known acaricidal Q(o)I acequinocyl and fluacrypyrim, resistance levels and inheritance patterns were investigated in several bifenazate-susceptible and bifenazate-resistant strains with different mutations in the cd1 and ef helices aligning the Q(o) pocket. RESULTS Cross-resistance to acequinocyl in two bifenazate-resistant strains was shown to be maternally inherited and caused by the combination of two specific mutations in the cytochrome b Q(o) pocket. Although most investigated strains were resistant to fluacrypyrim, resistance was not inherited maternally, but as a monogenic autosomal highly dominant trait. As a consequence, there was no correlation between cytochrome b genotype and fluacrypyrim resistance. CONCLUSIONS Although there is no absolute cross-resistance between bifenazate, acequinocyl and fluacrypyrim, some bifenazate resistance mutations confer cross-resistance to acequinocyl. In the light of resistance development and management, high prudence is called for when alternating bifenazate and acequinocyl in the same crop. Maternally inherited cross-resistance between bifenazate and acequinocyl reinforces the likelihood of bifenazate acting as a mitochondrial complex III inhibitor at the Q(o) site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Van Pottelberge S, Van Leeuwen T, Nauen R, Tirry L. Resistance mechanisms to mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors in a field-collected strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2009; 99:23-31. [PMID: 18590597 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485308006081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A Belgian field strain (MR-VP) of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) exhibits different levels of resistance to four frequently used METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor)-acaricides, i.e. tebufenpyrad, fenpyroximate, pyridaben and fenazaquin. Resistance factors for these compounds were 184, 1547, 5971 and 35, respectively. A 23.5-fold increase in 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin O-deethylation activity suggested that metabolic resistance through elevated levels of cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase-activity is a possible resistance mechanism.However, synergism studies with different metabolic inhibitors revealed some contrasting resistance mechanisms between the METI-acaricides. Tebufenpyrad resistance could only be synergized after pre-treatment with the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO), whereas pyridaben resistance was strongly synergized both by PBO and the esterase inhibitor S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF). Resistance levels to fenpyroximate could neither be suppressed by PBO nor by DEF. Although METI-acaricides are structurally related, these findings probably reflect a different role of esterases and mono-oxygenases in metabolic detoxification between these compounds. The overall lack of synergism by diethylmaleate (DEM) suggests that glutathione-S-transferases are not an important factor in resistance to METIs.Reciprocal crosses between susceptible females and resistant males showed no maternal effect, and resistance to METI-acaricides was inherited generally as a dominant trait. Backcrosses with F1 females revealed striking differences in the mode of inheritance. Although resistance to fenpyroximate and pyridaben was under monogenic control, resistance to tebufenpyrad was under control of more than one gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Pottelberge
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Aksoy HM, Ozman-Sullivan SK, Ocal H, Celik N, Sullivan GT. The effects of Pseudomonas putida biotype B on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2008; 46:223-230. [PMID: 18483790 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Pseudomonas putida biotype B as a potential biological control agent of Tetranychus urticae. The bacteria were isolated from greenhouse soil from Carsamba, Turkey. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized plot design under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, spraying and dipping applications of a suspension of P. putida biotype B (10(8)-10(9) colony forming units/ml) were applied to newly emerged, copulated females. Dead mite and egg counts were started on the 3rd day after treatments, and observations were continued daily until all the mites had died and egg hatching had finished. Both types of bacterial application significantly reduced total egg numbers and egg hatching, compared to their respective controls. Bacterial spraying was significantly more effective than dipping-the spray application demonstrated 100% efficacy and resulted in the fewest viable eggs. The results of this study indicated that P. putida biotype B has a strong efficacy in causing mortality in T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murat Aksoy
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
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Preliminary evaluation of Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries in laboratory conditions, as a potential candidate for biocontrol of Tetranychus urticae Koch. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kant MR, Sabelis MW, Haring MA, Schuurink RC. Intraspecific variation in a generalist herbivore accounts for differential induction and impact of host plant defences. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:443-52. [PMID: 18055390 PMCID: PMC2596823 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and herbivores are thought to be engaged in a coevolutionary arms race: rising frequencies of plants with anti-herbivore defences exert pressure on herbivores to resist or circumvent these defences and vice versa. Owing to its frequency-dependent character, the arms race hypothesis predicts that herbivores exhibit genetic variation for traits that determine how they deal with the defences of a given host plant phenotype. Here, we show the existence of distinct variation within a single herbivore species, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, in traits that lead to resistance or susceptibility to jasmonate (JA)-dependent defences of a host plant but also in traits responsible for induction or repression of JA defences. We characterized three distinct lines of T. urticae that differentially induced JA-related defence genes and metabolites while feeding on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). These lines were also differently affected by induced JA defences. The first line, which induced JA-dependent tomato defences, was susceptible to those defences; the second line also induced JA defences but was resistant to them; and the third, although susceptible to JA defences, repressed induction. We hypothesize that such intraspecific variation is common among herbivores living in environments with a diversity of plants that impose diverse selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merijn R Kant
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 320, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Van Leeuwen T, Tirry L, Nauen R. Complete maternal inheritance of bifenazate resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its implications in mode of action considerations. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 36:869-77. [PMID: 17046600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenazate is a selective hydrazine carbazate acaricide launched in 1999 and reported to be neurotoxic, since preliminary studies on the mode of action suggested that bifenazate may act on GABA-gated chloride channels. However, this information has not yet been supported by mechanistic studies. Therefore bifenazate is still considered as a neuronal inhibitor, but with unknown mode of action. Here we report an alternative hypothesis on the mode of action of bifenazate, i.e. its possible interference with a non-neuronal target site. An acaricide susceptible strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), LS-VL, was artificially selected for bifenazate resistance, and after 36 generations an extremely high resistance ratio (RR) of >164,000 was obtained. This bifenazate-resistant strain (BR-VL) lacks cross-resistance to many different chemical classes and modes of action of other acaricides. In order to check for metabolic resistance mechanisms, synergists known to inhibit well-known detoxification routes were used together with in vitro enzymatic assays. No synergism or highly increased detoxification activity was observed in the resistant strain. However, the organophosphorous esterase inhibitor S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) applied to the susceptible strain could completely antagonise the acaricidal efficacy of bifenazate, suggesting that bifenazate is a pro-acaricide, not active by itself, that needs in vivo activation by esterases. Reciprocal crosses of diploid females and haploid males of strains LS-VL (susceptible) and BR-VL (bifenazate resistant) revealed that bifenazate resistance was inherited completely maternally, i.e. resistance is fully dominant when susceptible males were crossed with resistant females, and fully recessive when resistant males were crossed with susceptible females. Such an inheritance pattern has to our knowledge never been observed before in the case of insecticide/acaricide resistance. This observation may suggest a target-site for bifenazate encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Further evidence supporting such a hypothesis was obtained when measuring the ATP-level in spider mites treated with bifenazate. The ATP content in bifenazate treated mites declined progressively between 0 and 4h after treatment, similarly to mites treated with the complex I inhibitor fenpyroximate, an acaricide known to interfere with mitochondrial function. The obtained results suggest a target-site other than GABA-gated chloride channels, most likely encoded by and located in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ako M, Poehling HM, Borgemeister C, Nauen R. Effect of imidacloprid on the reproduction of acaricide-resistant and susceptible strains of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2006; 62:419-24. [PMID: 16555233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Occasional reports linking neonicotinoid insecticide applications to field population outbreaks of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have been a topic of concern for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, particularly in apples. In order to shed light on the factors which may contribute to the occasional field population increase of T. urticae following the application of neonicotinoid insecticides, greenhouse experiments have been set up. Four different T. urticae strains, namely GSS (acaricide-susceptible), WI (organophosphate-selected), USA (a largely uncharacterised strain) and Akita (METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor) acaricide-resistant and cross-resistant to dicofol), were compared for their fecundity without insecticide treatment and for their ovipositional response to foliar and drench applications of the field-relevant dose of imidacloprid (100 mg litre(-1)). Without insecticide treatment, strain GSS laid significantly more eggs (162.50 (+/- 5.43)) than the multiple resistant strain Akita (139.90 (+/- 5.54)) during a 16 day oviposition period. With imidacloprid treatment the highest effect was observed with GSS, with a significantly reduced number of eggs in drench (143.40 (+/- 4.22)) and foliar (144.60 (+/- 5.85)) applications. For strains Akita and USA, no significant differences were observed in oviposition between imidacloprid treatments and controls. The proportion of F1 female offspring decreased significantly with drench application for GSS and WI, while no differences were observed among strains in the survival of F1 immature stages, except for strain USA. The viability of eggs was relatively high (from 82.9 (+/- 4.5)% for USA to 95.2 (+/- 1.2)% for GSS) and not affected by imidacloprid treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhoube Ako
- Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Hanover University, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hanover, Germany
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Li D, Tian J, Shen Z. Assessment of sublethal effects of clofentezine on life-table parameters in Hawthorn spider mite (Tetranychus viennensis). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2006; 38:255-73. [PMID: 16612669 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-006-0016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A leaf disc bioassay was employed in the laboratory to assess the population responses of Tetranychus viennensis Zacher to clofentezine at three concentrations (LC(10), LC(25) and LC(50)) in three successive generations. Life-table parameters were calculated in each acaricide exposure regime and compared by jackknife procedures. Clofentezine treatments in the juvenile stages significantly delayed development of the mites, and this delay increased with increasing dose but decreased as the mites developed. Exposure to clofentezine reduced the net reproduction rate (R(0)) in a concentration-dependent manner. The LC(50) treatment had strong effects on the hatchability of eggs produced by surviving females. Hatch rate dropped from 0.83 in the untreated control to 0.51 in the third generation. When exposed to constant concentrations of clofentezine in three successive generations, the intrinsic rate of increase and R(0) of the mites decreased significantly, but they increased significantly when exposed to decreasing concentrations. Unexposed offspring of the exposed mother also displayed increases in R(0) and the jackknife procedures indicated no significant differences in R(0) between LC(10) and LC(25) offspring and their mothers vs. the control, while R(0) in unexposed LC(50) offspring was significantly higher than their mother's, but lower than that in the control. These changing patterns of r(m) reveal that acaricide effects at the population level strongly depend on the life-history characteristics of T. viennensis and the chemical mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxu Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
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Suh E, Koh SH, Lee JH, Shin KI, Cho K. Evaluation of resistance pattern to fenpyroximate and pyridaben in Tetranychus urticae collected from greenhouses and apple orchards using lethal concentration-slope relationship. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2006; 38:151-65. [PMID: 16596349 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-006-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to monitor the present and future developments of the resistance of Tetranychus urticae Koch to fenpyroximate and pyridaben, using the relationship of the LC(50) and slope of the concentration-mortality line in a probit model, for the provision of reliable resistance management tactics. Tetranychus urticae populations were collected from 16 commercial greenhouses, where various crops were cultivated, as well as from 10 apple orchards throughout Korea. The resistance to fenpyroximate and pyridaben of each population was estimated by calculating the median lethal concentration (LC(50)), resistance ratio (RR) and slope of the concentration-mortality regression. Most of the greenhouse populations exhibited moderate levels of resistance, whereas the apple orchard populations showed only low levels, indicating that T. urticae populations in greenhouses were more strongly selected than those in apple orchards. Four population groups were established based on either the habitats (greenhouse and apple orchard) or acaricides (fenpyroximate and pyridaben). To test the hypothesis, "the slope is greatest at low and high levels of resistance," the slopes were regressed as a function of the LC(50), and fitted to a polynomial regression. The polynomial regression model explained this relationship well for the four population groups (p < 0.05), indicating that the development of resistance toward fenpyroximate or pyridaben was consistent with the gradient. A laboratory selection study agreed with the results from both acaricide field populations. These results suggest that the gradient was a good indicator of the susceptibility of T. urticae to genetic variations, which was related to the LC(50). The application of these findings is also discussed in relation to the resistance management of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunho Suh
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anamdong, Sungbuk-ku, 136-701, Seoul, Korea
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Pree DJ, Whitty KJ, Van Driel L. Baseline susceptibility and cross resistances of some new acaricides in the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2005; 37:165-71. [PMID: 16323048 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-005-1423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have developed baseline susceptibility values for four new acaricides: bifenazate, acequinocyl, spirodiclofen and etoxazole for eggs or adult females of a susceptible laboratory population of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Further, we have tested diagnostic concentrations of each acaricide against populations resistant to organochlorine, organotin or IGR-type acaricides. Resistance to etoxazole (ca. 4-fold) was identified in populations resistant to the IGRs clofentezine and hexythiazox.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Pree
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Vineland Station, L0R 2E0, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) were known before the so-called chemical era of plant protection as a minor threat to what were then mostly low-productivity agro-ecosystems. Various predators kept spicier mite populations mostly below the control threshold. After World War Two. however, the growing use of organophosphorus insecticides (designed primarily to control key pest insects) provoked a rapid evolution of resistance to organophosphates and made spider mites an economically threatening pest species. The grow inn resistance to organophosphates and altered level of harmfulness of Tetranychidae have imposed the need for synthesizing specific acaricides i.e. compounds primarily intended for controlling that group of phytophagous mites. However, ever since 1950s resistance of Tetranvchus spp. and Panouxchus spp. populations/strain to all major acaricides has been recorded after such brief periods as several years. Serious failures in controlling them have increasingly induced research into the phenomenology, evolution and mechanisms of resistance of Tetranychidae to acaricides. The paper provides a brief survey of the history and characteristics of resistance and summarizes data on factors of evolution and molecular mechanisms of spider mite resistance to acaricides. emphasizing some elements of the programme of preventive activities.
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Bomfim JA, Filgueiras CA, Alan Howie R, Low JN, Skakle JM, Wardell JL, Wardell SM. Tris(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)stannane derivatives, (Neo)3SnX, revisited. Comparison of crystal structures of (Neo)3SnX (X=Cl, Br, I, N3, NCS and OAc). Polyhedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(02)01030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nauen R, Stumpf N. Fluorometric microplate assay to measure glutathione S-transferase activity in insects and mites using monochlorobimane. Anal Biochem 2002; 303:194-8. [PMID: 11950219 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2002.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a major role as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides and acaricides in resistant pest insects and mites, respectively. Such compounds are either detoxicated directly via phase I metabolism or detoxicated by phase II metabolism of metabolites as formed by microsomal monooxygenases. Here we used monochlorobimane (MCB) as an artificial substrate and glutathione to determine total GST activity in equivalents of single pest insects and spider mites in a sensitive 96-well plate-based assay system by measuring the enzymatic conversion of MCB to its fluorescent bimane-glutathione adduct. The differentiation by their GST activity between several strains of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), with different degrees of resistance to numerous acaricides was more sensitive with MCB compared to the commonly used substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Compared to an acaricide-susceptible reference strain, one field population of T. urticae showed a more than 10-fold higher GST activity measured with MCB, in contrast to a less than 2-fold higher activity when CDNB was used. Furthermore, we showed that GST activity can be sensitively assessed with MCB in homogenates of pest insects such as Heliothis virescens, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Nauen
- Crop Protection, Research Insecticides, Institute for Insect Control, Bayer AG, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany
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