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Uemura N, Furutani S, Tomita T, Itokawa K, Komagata O, Kasai S. Concomitant knockdown resistance allele, L982W + F1534C, in Aedes aegypti has the potential to impose fitness costs without selection pressure. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105422. [PMID: 37247997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito, is an arbovirus vector that can spread dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Pyrethroids are widely used to control mosquitoes. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) is the target of pyrethroids, and amino acid substitutions in this channel attenuate the effects of pyrethroids. This is known as knockdown resistance (kdr). Recently, we found that Ae. aegypti with concomitant Vgsc mutations L982W + F1534C exhibit extremely high levels of pyrethroid resistance. L982 is located in a highly conserved region of Vgsc in vertebrates and invertebrates. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of Ae. aegypti, with concomitant L982W + F1534C mutations in Vgsc. We crossed a resistant strain (FTWC) with a susceptible strain (SMK) and reared it up to 15 generations. We developed a rapid and convenient genotyping method using a fluorescent probe (Eprobe) to easily and accurately distinguish between three genotypes: wild-type and mutant homozygotes, and heterozygotes. As generations progressed, the proportion of wild-type homozygotes increased, and only 2.9% of mutant homozygotes were present at the 15th generation; the allele frequencies of L982W + F1534C showed a decreasing trend over generations. These observations show that these concomitant mutations have some fitness costs, suggesting that mosquitoes can potentially recover pyrethroid susceptibility over time without pyrethroid selection pressure in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Uemura
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shogo Furutani
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Osamu Komagata
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Tchouakui M, Oruni A, Assatse T, Manyaka CR, Tchoupo M, Kayondo J, Wondji CS. Fitness cost of target-site and metabolic resistance to pyrethroids drives restoration of susceptibility in a highly resistant Anopheles gambiae population from Uganda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271347. [PMID: 35881658 PMCID: PMC9321773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of malaria vector control, calling for an urgent need to design suitable resistance management strategies. Here, we established the resistance profiling of an Ugandan Anopheles gambiae population to insecticides using WHO procedures and assessed the potential restoration of susceptibility in the hybrid line Mayuge/KISUMU in an insecticide-free environment for eighteen (18) generations. RESULTS This An gambiae population exhibited a very high intensity of resistance to permethrin, deltamethrin, and alphacypermethrin with a consistent loss of efficacy of all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) tested including PBO-based and new generation nets Interceptor G2 (IG2) and Royal guard. Molecular analysis revealed a fixation of the L1014S-kdr mutation together with the overexpression of some P450 metabolic genes (CYP6Z1, CYP9K1, CYP6P1, 3 & 4) besides the cuticular resistance-related genes (CYP4G16) and sensorial appendage proteins (SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3) but no GSTe2 overexpression. In the absence of selection pressure, the mortality rate after exposure to insecticides increased significantly over generations, and restoration of susceptibility was observed for most of the insecticides in less than 10 generations. Accordingly, a significant reduction in the frequency of KdrE was observed after 13 generations coupled with reduced expression of most metabolic resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the high intensity of pyrethroid resistance observed in An gambiae from Uganda associated with the loss of efficacy of LLINs could compromise vector control efforts. The study also highlights that an early rotation of insecticides could help manage resistance to insecticides by restoring the susceptibility. However, the persistence of Kdr mutation together with overexpression of some metabolic genes after many generations in the absence of selection pressure indicates the potential implication of modifiers alleviating the cost of resistance which needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambrose Oruni
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Entomology Department, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Tatiane Assatse
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Claudine R Manyaka
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Parasitology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Micareme Tchoupo
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jonathan Kayondo
- Entomology Department, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Charles S Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Gonzalez-Santillan FJ, Contreras-Perera Y, Davila-Barboza JA, Juache-Villagrana AE, Gutierrez-Rodriguez SM, Ponce-Garcia G, Lopez-Monroy B, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Lenhart AE, Mackenzie-Impoinvil L, Flores AE. Fitness Cost of Sequential Selection with Deltamethrin in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:930-939. [PMID: 35389486 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Mexico, Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary dengue vector, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. The continued use of synthetic pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance in target populations, which has diminished the effectiveness of vector control programs. Resistance has been associated with disadvantages that affect the biological parameters of resistant mosquitoes compared to susceptible ones. In the present study, the disadvantages were evaluated by parameters related to survival and reproduction ('fitness cost') after selection with deltamethrin for five generations. The parameters analyzed were the length of the development cycle, sex ratio, survival, longevity, fecundity, egg viability, preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods, and growth parameters. In the deltamethrin-selected strain, there was a decrease in the development cycle duration, the percentage of pupae, the oviposition period, and eggs viability. Although mean daily fecundity was not affected after the selection process, this, together with the decrease in the survival and fecundity levels by specific age, significantly affected the gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), and intrinsic growth rate (rm) of the group selected for five generations with deltamethrin compared to the group without selection. Identifying the 'cost' of resistance in biological fitness represents an advantage if it is desired to limit the spread of resistant populations since the fitness cost is the less likely that resistant individuals will spread in the population. This represents an important factor to consider in designing integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Gonzalez-Santillan
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | | | - Jesus A Davila-Barboza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Alan E Juache-Villagrana
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Selene M Gutierrez-Rodriguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
| | - Audrey E Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Disease and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Mackenzie-Impoinvil
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Disease and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Avenida Universidad s/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL 66455, Mexico
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Cattel J, Minier M, Habchi-Hanriot N, Pol M, Faucon F, Gaude T, Gaborit P, Issaly J, Ferrero E, Chandre F, Pocquet N, David JP, Dusfour I. Impact of selection regime and introgression on deltamethrin resistance in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti - a comparative study between contrasted situations in New Caledonia and French Guiana. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5589-5598. [PMID: 34398490 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin have been massively used against Aedes aegypti leading to the spread of resistance alleles worldwide. In an insecticide resistance management context, we evaluated the temporal dynamics of deltamethrin resistance using two distinct populations carrying resistant alleles at different frequencies. Three different scenarios were followed: a continuous selection, a full release of selection, or a repeated introgression with susceptible individuals. The responses of each population to these selection regimes were measured across five generations by bioassays and by monitoring the frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the transcription levels and copy number variations of key detoxification enzymes. RESULTS Knockdown resistance mutations, overexpression and copy number variations of detoxification enzymes as a mechanism of metabolic resistance to deltamethrin was found and maintained under selection across generations. On comparison, the release of insecticide pressure for five generations did not affect resistance levels and resistance marker frequencies. However, introgressing susceptible alleles drastically reduced deltamethrin resistance in only three generations. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed that strategies consisting to stop deltamethrin spraying are likely to fail when the frequencies of resistant alleles are too high and the fitness cost associated to resistance is low. In dead-end situations like in French Guiana where alternative insecticides are not available, alternative control strategies may provide a high benefit for vector control, particularly if they favor the introgression of susceptible alleles in natural populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cattel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Symbiosis Technologies for Insect Control (SymbioTIC), Plateforme de Recherche Cyroi, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion
| | - Marine Minier
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Nausicaa Habchi-Hanriot
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- ARS La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion
| | - Morgane Pol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Frederic Faucon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Gaude
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Gaborit
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jean Issaly
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emma Ferrero
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Ynsect, Damparis, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (IPNC), Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), UMR 5553 CNRS - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Santé Globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Lu Y, Wang X. EFFECT OF METABOLIC ENZYMES ON ACCELERATION ABILITY IN EXERCISE FATIGUE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127032021_0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Study the relationship between the metabolic enzyme and the biological image, filtered by an adaptive filtering algorithm. Objective The research aims to In this study, human metabolic enzymes were evaluated by electrocardiogram and electromyogram images, and an adaptive filtering algorithm removed the noises in the images. Methods The electrocardiogram and electromyogram images at different periods were obtained, and the calculation method and application scope of the adaptive filtering algorithm were analysed. Results Adaptive filter was designed by the combination of adaptive filtering algorithm and dynamic information. Therefore, the artefact of the image was removed. Conclusions The adaptive filtering algorithm can effectively remove the noise or artefact in electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals. The optimal image information can be obtained. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Jilin Agricultural University, China
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Smith LB, Silva JJ, Chen C, Harrington LC, Scott JG. Fitness costs of individual and combined pyrethroid resistance mechanisms, kdr and CYP-mediated detoxification, in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009271. [PMID: 33760828 PMCID: PMC7990171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is an important vector of many human diseases and a serious threat to human health due to its wide geographic distribution and preference for human hosts. A. aegypti also has evolved widespread resistance to pyrethroids due to the extensive use of this insecticide class over the past decades. Mutations that cause insecticide resistance result in fitness costs in the absence of insecticides. The fitness costs of pyrethroid resistance mutations in A. aegypti are still poorly understood despite their implications for arbovirus transmission. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We evaluated fitness based both on allele-competition and by measuring specific fitness components (i.e. life table and mating competition) to determine the costs of the different resistance mechanisms individually and in combination. We used four congenic A. aegypti strains: Rockefeller (ROCK) is susceptible to insecticides; KDR:ROCK (KR) contains only voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) mutations S989P+V1016G (kdr); CYP:ROCK (CR) contains only CYP-mediated resistance; and CYP+KDR:ROCK (CKR) contains both CYP-mediated resistance and kdr. The kdr allele frequency decreased over nine generations in the allele-competition study regardless of the presence of CYP-mediated resistance. Specific fitness costs were variable by strain and component measured. CR and CKR had a lower net reproductive rate (R0) than ROCK or KR, and KR was not different than ROCK. There was no correlation between the level of permethrin resistance conferred by the different mechanisms and their fitness cost ratio. We also found that CKR males had a reduced mating success relative to ROCK males when attempting to mate with ROCK females. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Both kdr and CYP-mediated resistance have a fitness cost affecting different physiological aspects of the mosquito. CYP-mediated resistance negatively affected adult longevity and mating competition, whereas the specific fitness costs of kdr remains elusive. Understanding fitness costs helps us determine whether and how quickly resistance will be lost after pesticide application has ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B. Smith
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan J. Silva
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Connie Chen
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Harrington
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey G. Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Effect of Selection for Pyrethroid Resistance on Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Aedes aegypti from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020124. [PMID: 33572520 PMCID: PMC7910840 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of major human pathogens, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses. Vector control relies mostly on the use of pyrethroid insecticides that kill mosquitoes by disabling the nervous system through binding to the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc). Resistance mechanisms have evolved most commonly as mutations in the vgsc gene or in genes associated with detoxification. These mutations are thought to associate with fitness costs, such that the frequency of resistant genotypes should decrease in the absence of insecticide use, and this assumption is critical to managing resistance through insecticide rotation strategies. While most studies to date have investigated life history parameters such as fecundity, we sought to investigate whether environmental stress resistance traits might also vary with insecticide resistance. We found, contrary to our expectations, that a strain selected for enhanced insecticide resistance had higher thermotolerance than its sister insecticide susceptible counterpart. Overall, our results indicate that abiotic resistance traits can correlate with insecticide resistance in surprising and variable ways, potentially complicating the management of insecticide resistance in the field. Abstract The study of fitness costs of insecticide resistance mutations in Aedes aegypti has generally been focused on life history parameters such as fecundity, mortality, and energy reserves. In this study we sought to investigate whether trade-offs might also exist between insecticide resistance and other abiotic stress resistance parameters. We evaluated the effects of the selection for permethrin resistance specifically on larval salinity and thermal tolerance. A population of A. aegypti originally from Southern Mexico was split into two strains, one selected for permethrin resistance and the other not. Larvae were reared at different salinities, and the fourth instar larvae were subjected to acute thermal stress; then, survival to both stresses was compared between strains. Contrary to our predictions, we found that insecticide resistance correlated with significantly enhanced larval thermotolerance. We found no clear difference in salinity tolerance between strains. This result suggests that insecticide resistance does not necessarily carry trade-offs in all traits affecting fitness and that successful insecticide resistance management strategies must account for genetic associations between insecticide resistance and abiotic stress resistance, as well as traditional life history parameters.
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Guillem-Amat A, López-Errasquín E, Sánchez L, González-Guzmán M, Ortego F. Inheritance, Fitness Cost, and Management of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Resistance in a Laboratory-Selected Strain of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090551. [PMID: 32825143 PMCID: PMC7565299 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The management of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, in Spanish citrus crops relies mainly on the use of insecticides and the release of sterile males. However, the development of resistance to different insecticides in field populations, including lambda-cyhalothrin, implies a threat for the sustainable control of this pest. The inheritance, fitness cost, and management of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance were examined in the laboratory-selected W-1Kλ strain. We have demonstrated that lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in W-1Kλ is autosomic, completely dominant, and polygenic. In addition, individuals from W-1Kλ showed a lower embryo to pupal viability, a slower developmental time from egg to pupae, and an increase in adults' weight and longevity. We did not find significant trade-offs in the activity of digestive hydrolytic enzymes, with the exception of higher α-amylase activity in W-1Kλ females. A comparative study with different insecticide treatment strategies showed that lambda-cyhalothrin resistance increased when several consecutive treatments with this insecticide were applied. However, the alternation of this insecticide with spinosad was enough to delay the development of resistance. Our results indicate that the rotation of lambda-cyhalothrin with spinosad-a practice already used in some fields-may contribute to prevent the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guillem-Amat
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.); (M.G.-G.)
| | - Elena López-Errasquín
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.); (M.G.-G.)
| | - Lucas Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.); (M.G.-G.)
| | - Félix Ortego
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-A.); (E.L.-E.); (M.G.-G.)
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Role transformation of fecundity and viability: The leading cause of fitness costs associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance in Musca domestica. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228268. [PMID: 31999782 PMCID: PMC6992221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fitness is closely associated with the development of pesticide resistance in insects, which determines the control strategies employed to target species and the risks of toxicity faced by non-target species. After years of selections with beta-cypermethrin in laboratory, a strain of housefly was developed that was 684,521.62-fold resistant (CRR) compared with the susceptible strain (CSS). By constructing ≤ 21 d and ≤ 30 d life tables, the differences in life history parameters between CSS and CRR were analyzed. The total production numbers of all the detected development stages in CRR were lower than in CSS. Except for the lower mortality of larvae, all the other detected mortalities in CRR were higher than in CSS. ♀:♂ and normal females of CRR were also lower than those of CSS. For CRR, the relative fitness was 0.25 in the ≤ 21 d life table and 0.24 in the ≤ 30 d life table, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were detected. Based on phenotype correlation and structural equation model (SEM) analyses, fecundity and viability were the only directly positive fitness components affecting fitness in CRR and CSS, and the other components played indirect roles in fitness. The variations of the relationships among fitness, fecundity and viability seemed to be the core issue resulting in fitness differences between CRR and CSS. The interactions among all the detected fitness components and the mating frequency-time curves appeared to be distinctly different between CRR and CSS. In summary, fecundity and its related factors separately played direct and indirect roles in the fitness costs of a highly beta-cypermethrin-resistant housefly strain.
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Scott JG. Life and Death at the Voltage-Sensitive Sodium Channel: Evolution in Response to Insecticide Use. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 64:243-257. [PMID: 30629893 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) is a critical component of the insect nervous system. Pyrethroids and DDT are insecticides that have been widely used, and they kill insects by perturbations of the VSSC. Decades of insecticide use selected for mutations in Vssc that give rise to resistance in almost all pest insects. However, the mutations responsible for the resistance are not always the same, and some unusual patterns have emerged. This review focuses on what pyrethroid/DDT selection has done, in terms of Vssc changes that have occurred, using four well-studied species as examples of the differences that have evolved. Information is provided about the mutations that occur, potential pathways by which alleles with multiple mutations arose, the relative fitness of the alleles, the levels of resistance conferred, and the geographic distribution of the mutations. The lessons learned and exciting new areas of research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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Insecticide Resistance and Fitness: The Case of Four Aedes aegypti Populations from Different Brazilian Regions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6257860. [PMID: 30402487 PMCID: PMC6198578 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6257860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Chemical control is still a major strategy to constrain vector density and mitigate pathogen transmission. However, insecticide overuse poses a high selective pressure, favouring the spread of resistance alleles in natural populations. In an insecticide-free environment, a fitness cost is expected in resistant insects when compared to susceptible counterparts. This study investigates whether insecticide resistance to an organophosphate (temephos) and a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) is associated with fitness traits in four Aedes aegypti wild populations sampled every three months over one year. Findings We measured development time from larvae to adult, female survival, wing length, fecundity, and adult resistance to starvation in field insecticide resistant Ae. aegypti populations four times over a year. These results were confronted with resistance levels to temephos and deltamethrin and with potentially related mechanisms, including a kdr mutation in the pyrethroid target site. No differences in fitness cost were found after contrasting mosquitoes from the same population collected throughout a year, irrespective of differences in insecticide resistance levels. Additionally, significant differences were not observed among field populations. However, compared to the reference strain Rockefeller, field females survived significantly less. Moreover, larval development was equal or slower in three out of four field populations. In no case differences were evidenced in starvation tolerance, wing length, and fecundity. Conclusions Overall, field resistant mosquitoes seemed to have a slight fitness disadvantage when compared with the Rockefeller susceptible strain which might represent a potential fitness cost of insecticide resistance. However, after comparing Ae. aegypti from the same population but sampled at different moments, or from different field populations, mosquito life-history traits varied independently of resistance ratios. The metabolic deviations necessary to overcome the adverse effects of insecticides may cause an energy trade-off that affects energy allocation and ultimately basic demands of insect biology. The extent of fitness cost due to insecticide resistance is critical information to delay the evolution of resistance in wild vector populations.
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Grossman MK, Uc-Puc V, Rodriguez J, Cutler DJ, Morran LT, Manrique-Saide P, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Restoration of pyrethroid susceptibility in a highly resistant Aedes aegypti population. Biol Lett 2018; 14:20180022. [PMID: 29899128 PMCID: PMC6030600 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance has evolved in disease vectors worldwide, creating the urgent need to either develop new control methods or restore insecticide susceptibility to regain use of existing tools. Here we show that phenotypic susceptibility can be restored in a highly resistant field-derived strain of Aedes aegypti in only 10 generations through rearing them in the absence of insecticide.
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Grossman MK, Uc-Puc V, Flores AE, Manrique-Saide PC, Vazquez-Prokopec GM. Larval density mediates knockdown resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in adult Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:282. [PMID: 29724237 PMCID: PMC5934844 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding mechanisms driving insecticide resistance in vector populations remains a public health priority. To date, most research has focused on the genetic mechanisms underpinning resistance, yet it is unclear what role environmental drivers may play in shaping phenotypic expression. One of the key environmental drivers of Aedes aegypti mosquito population dynamics is resource-driven intraspecific competition at the larval stage. We experimentally investigated the role of density-dependent larval competition in mediating resistance evolution in Ae. aegypti, using knockdown resistance (kdr) as a marker of genotypic resistance and CDC bottle bioassays to determine phenotype. We reared first-instar larvae from susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant field-derived populations of Ae. aegypti at high and low density and measured the resulting phenotypic resistance and population kdr allele frequencies. RESULTS At low density, only 48.2% of the resistant population was knocked down, yet at high density, the population was no longer phenotypically resistant - 93% were knocked down when exposed to permethrin, which is considered susceptible according to WHO guidelines. Furthermore, the frequency of the C1534 kdr allele in the resistant population at high density decreased from 0.98 ± 0.04 to 0.69 ± 0.04 in only one generation of selection. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that larval conditions, specifically density, can impact both phenotype and genotype of pyrethroid-resistant populations. Furthermore, phenotypic susceptibility to pyrethroids may be re-established in a resistant population through a gene x environment interaction, a finding that can lead to the development of novel resistance management strategies that capitalize on density-induced costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K Grossman
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Valentin Uc-Puc
- Departamento de Zoología, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimna, 97000, Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Pablo C Manrique-Saide
- Departamento de Zoología, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimna, 97000, Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
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